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Apple’s A20 Pro Demonstrated To Be An On-Device AI Beast, Can Run A 27B Parameter Model At Double The Speed Of The iPhone 17 Pro’s A19 Pro
Apple’s next-gen A20 Pro chip demonstrates groundbreaking on-device AI capabilities, running a massive 27B parameter model at double the speed of the iPhone 17 Pro's A19 Pro
The iPhone 18 Pro isn't worth $1,200, and the Pixel 11 Pro proves it
The iPhone 18 Pro is an excellent flagship, but the Pixel 11 Pro offers a more compelling package — and with a lower price tag.
Six Flags Entertainment (FUN) Launches Flex Pay, Is The Stock Still Cheap?
Six Flags Entertainment (FUN) has rolled out Flex Pay by Upgrade, a pay over time option for eligible online purchases from $49, including Season Passes, that lets guests spread fixed monthly payments. The new Flex Pay option lands at a time when Six Flags Entertainment’s share price has come under pressure, with the stock closing at US$12.22 and recording a 30 day share price return down 26.96% and a 1 year total shareholder return down 45.25%. This signals fading momentum even as management...
I taught my daughter to prioritize purpose. Now I question the cost.
I modeled a life of service for my daughter. I'm proud of her, but I worry about the financial and personal costs we both face.
Housing market shifts in buyers' favor as more sellers offer concessions
More sellers are offering concessions and cutting prices to entice buyers who have been sidelined by high mortgage rates and record-high prices.
Dealroom.co | Great Hill Partners: middle-market growth buyouts across software, financial services, healthcare, consumer and business services
What's the deal?Great Hill Partners is a Boston- and London-base…
Markwayne Mullin Lost His Pick to Lead ICE, as He Struggles to Prove His Toughness on Immigration
Markwayne Mullin is working to overcome hard-liners’ doubts about his leadership, his position undermined by missteps with the White House.
2nd NYC health system makes deal
A second major New York City health system has struck a deal with the Trump administration to no longer provide gender-transition care to adolescents and pay a penalty to the federal government, the Justice Department announced on Friday.
Farage says he wants to ‘hijack’ Trump’s ICE czar to help secure UK border
Reform leader also tells US event Europe should have ‘more sensible view’ of president’s administration
5 gas-guzzling cartoons about high fuel prices
Artists take on a Middle East mess, gaslighting drivers, and more
Kings fall to Golden Knights in the Empire Classic
Jackson Hallum scores twice in the Empire Classic as the Los Angeles Kings lose 4-2 to the Las Vegas Golden Knights Saturday night in Ontario. Andre Lee and Lane Pederson scored for the Kings, but it wasn’t enough for the Knights’ relentless offense.
Valley organizations team up to provide hot food, health care
A Phoenix-based outreach organization is partnering with a mobile medical clinic to bring health services directly to neighborhoods across the city, including HIV testing and health education.
Valley organizations team up to provide hot food, health care
A Phoenix-based outreach organization is partnering with a mobile medical clinic to bring health services directly to neighborhoods across the city, including HIV testing and health education.
Recap: Sporting KC falls 4-3 to Philadelphia Union
Sporting Kansas City (5-17-3, 18 pts.) fell to a 4-3 defeat against the Philadelphia Union (10-10-6, 36 pts.) at Sporting Park on Saturday night. Andre Luiz scored twice in the first half to go along with Wyatt Meyer’s first goal for the club before red-hot Philadelphia responded with four second-half
Trump used to slam China. Here's why he's now rolling out the red carpet for Xi
When Donald Trump ran for office a decade ago, he called China a menace to the U.S. economy
Trump used to slam China. Here’s why he’s now rolling out the red carpet for Xi
When Donald Trump ran for office a decade ago, he called China a menace to the U.S. economy.
‘Skyrocketing’ diesel prices impacting area businesses
The average price of diesel fuel in the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton market rose to $6.52 as of Thursday — up about $2.50 from last year and nearing the record high of $6.62 set in May 2022.
Tencent Music Entertainment Group (NYSE:TME) As Its Fans Economy Story Keeps The Undervalued Case Alive
Tencent Music Entertainment Group (TME) has drawn investor attention after recent share performance, with the stock down over the past month and past 3 months. This has prompted fresh questions around what is currently priced into the business. Set against that short term weakness, Tencent Music Entertainment Group’s share price is down sharply year to date and over the past year, while the 3 year and 5 year total shareholder returns remain positive. This suggests recent momentum has faded as...
Alexander Nikishin Price Tag Revealed Amid Trade Rumors
A notable NHL insider has revealed the asking price on Alexander Nikishin's next contract, leading to the standoff with the Hurricanes. The post Alexander Nikishin Price Tag Revealed Amid Trade Rumors appeared first on HEAVY.
Phoenix groups team up to bring health care, hot meals to those in need
A Phoenix-based outreach organization is partnering with a mobile medical clinic to bring health services directly to neighborhoods across the city.
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers
Congo has begun vaccinating healthcare workers against Ebola in Bunia, the epicenter of the fastest-growing outbreak of the disease in history.
Trump asked budget chief to draft order bringing health research funding under his control
The move came after the NIH director refused Trump’s request to cut Harvard grants in an Oval Office meeting.
Searle’s new deal
LEICESTER Tigers and England A fly-half Billy Searle has signed a new contract with the club. The 30-year-old joined Leicester in 2025 from French club Agen and scored 217 points in 24 appearances in all competitions during his debut season. His form earned him a nomination for the Prem player of the season award in […] The post Searle’s new deal appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Saracens take command to overrun Tigers
By BEN JAYCOCK LAST season’s double winners Saracens made a devastating opening statement of intent in the PWR Cup with a 66-0 demolition of Leicester Tigers yesterday, running in 10 unanswered tries. Charlotte Wright-Haley opened the scoring for the holders after three minutes before Joia Bennett, Daisy Fitzgerald and Emma Hardy crossed to establish a […] The post Saracens take command to overrun Tigers appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
I reckon Red Bull will definitely give Newcastle wings
NEWCASTLE finally have a squad that could make the Prem competitive from top to bottom. It will likely take them some time to hit full stride given there are 25 new faces at Kingston Park, but their Prem Cup win over Leicester last week showed their direction of travel. Red Bull’s takeover can only be […] The post I reckon Red Bull will definitely give Newcastle wings appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) Could Be 6% Undervalued As Premium Formats Lift Attendance
Recent commentary on AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) points to a stronger film slate and higher demand for premium formats. This is lifting attendance and sentiment even as investors continue to watch the company’s leverage closely. At a share price of US$2.70, AMC Entertainment Holdings has seen a 7 day share price return of 9.76% and a year to date share price return of 67.70%, yet the 1 year total shareholder return has declined 10.30%, signalling that recent momentum contrasts with a...
Body camera video released of fatal Phoenix shooting of 20-year-old man in mental health crisis
Phoenix police released body-camera footage showing a fatal encounter with a 20-year-old man whose family says was experiencing a mental health crisis.
What’s Your Hottest Business Take?
Let us know your hottest business takes in the comments.Subscribe to The Hustle:🔗 https://clickhubspot.com/vu3lGet the 5-minute newsletter keeping 2M+ innovators in the loop🔗 https://clickhubspot.com/3klnAbout HubSpot: HubSpot is a customer platform that provides education, software, and support to help businesses grow better. The platform includes marketing, sales, service, commerce, operations, and website management products that start free and scale to meet our customers’ needs at any stage of growth. Today, thousands of customers around the world use HubSpot’s powerful and easy-to-use tools and apps to attract, engage, and delight customers.#TheHustle #HubSpot
One arrested after attempted burglary at Colorado Springs business, according to police
One person was arrested after an attempted burglary, according to Colorado Springs police.
Teladoc Health (TDOC) Missed On Earnings And Guided Lower, Is The Discount Too Wide?
Why Teladoc Health’s latest earnings matter for investors Teladoc Health (TDOC) set the tone for the stock this week after reporting quarterly results that showed a 4% revenue decline, missed forecasts on profitability, and softer guidance for the coming quarter. The update pointed to a 9.2% average drop in customer spending in recent years even as user counts grew. Management signaled expectations for another period of lower revenue and negative earnings per share. Recent trading suggests...
NFL Fines Seahawks Star Devon Witherspoon After Patriots Win
Devon Witherspoon’s celebration of Seattle’s Week 1 escape came with a price. The NFL handed the Seahawks star another taunting fine. The post NFL Fines Seahawks Star Devon Witherspoon After Patriots Win appeared first on HEAVY.
D-backs vs. Yankees discussion
Today’s Lineups YANKEES DIAMONDBACKS Ben Rice – DH Lars Nootbaar – LF Cody Bellinger – LF Ketel Marte – 2B Luis Garcia – 1B Gabriel Moreno – C Heliot Ramos – RF Geraldo Perdomo – SS George Lombard – SS Corbin Carroll – RF Austin Wells – C Nolan Arenado – 3B Anthony Volpe – […]
Science on Tap: Mechanics of Messaging
A monthly series of informal discussions by the SEE Science Center on relevant topics with local experts and scientists. Doors open at 5pm. Events are free. Advance Sign up appreciated. Food and drink can be ordered off the menu.Oct. 13 Topic: Mechanics of MessagingWe all know that Gutenberg changed the world, but printing technology did not stop there. Join us to discuss how NH has played a role in the evolution of high-tech printing and related technologies. From Dot-Matrix, to Ink jet to Laser and 3-D discover what is being employed, how it evolved and where it is headed next.Panelists will include:James K McMahon- Layer Grown Model Technology Services-Retired
Davante Adams logs full practice Saturday
Los Angeles Rams WR Davante Adams ready to go for the Week 2 contest against the Saints
Is social media giving you health anxiety? Here's how to combat it
LONDON - Do you ever find yourself caught in a health advice doomscrolling session on TikTok late at...
Is social media giving you health anxiety? Here's how to combat it
LONDON - Do you ever find yourself caught in a health advice doomscrolling session on TikTok late at...
CVS Health (CVS) Stock Still Looks Reasonable On Its 40% 3 Year Return
CVS Health has delivered a solid multi‑year return while the share price has recently pulled back, which puts fresh attention on whether the current valuation is still supported by its earnings power. With new initiatives in areas like oncology care and behavioral health in the mix, the key issue for you is how much of that story is already reflected in today's price. Over the past 3 years CVS Health has returned about 40.0%, which raises the question of how much of its earnings strength is...
Guardant Health (GH) Will Present 20 Abstracts At WCLC 2026
Guardant Health (NasdaqGS:GH) plans to present 20 abstracts at the World Conference on Lung Cancer 2026. The research covers liquid biopsy, methylation based detection methods, AI driven analysis and real world clinical data in lung cancer. Several abstracts focus on machine learning models aimed at assessing metastasis risk and refining diagnostic workflows for clinicians. Guardant Health's WCLC 2026 abstract slate signals broader research momentum that our work places in a wider context...
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in the epicenter of the outbreak
Congo has begun vaccinating healthcare staff against Ebola in Bunia, the epicenter of the fastest-growing outbreak of the disease in history.
Vikings Elevate Talented Rookie, Wily Veteran vs Bears
The Minnesota Vikings have elevated two players from the practice squad for week two. One is a wily vet who may start, the other will make his NFL debut.
Touting Success Of Health Links Van
Health officials say it has traveled throughout the county over the past four years, bringing health services, education, and resource navigation directly to residents where they live, work, and gather
Voting groups say funding shortfall could affect midterm turnout
Several of the nation’s largest voter engagement and racial justice organizations are facing steep funding shortfalls and staffing cutbacks
Stanford scientists transplanted human brain tissue into mice missing most of their cortex; within months, it grew to occupy more than 90% of the space
Stanford scientists have created a new model for studying human brain development by transplanting lab-grown human brain tissue into mice that were engineered to lack most of their cerebral cortex. Within months, the human tissue not only survived but expanded to occupy more than 90 percent of the cortical space, forming working connections with the mouse brain and spinal cord.
Ed Sheeran's Tour Ticket Prices Drop, More Seats Available Amid Controversy
Shortly after Macklemore was dropped from Ed Sheeran's Loop Tour concert for his unapologetic support of Palestine, ticket prices for the singer's upcoming Philadelphia show have dropped by at least 50 percent.
Hennepin County sheriff's office lacks records to start small business grant fraud investigation
After Hennepin County staff reported apparent fraudulent applications for a small business recovery grant fund, they asked the sheriff's office to investigate in June, KSTP reports.In July the Hennepin County Sheriff's Office requested the documents they needed to open the investigation, but as of mid-September, those documents haven't been shared yet.
Mt. Gilead mayor: Our community’s mental health system is personal to me
As the Mayor of Mount Gilead, I have the privilege of serving the community that I call home. But before I am a mayor, I am a mother. That is why the work of the Delaware-Morrow Mental Health and Recovery Services Board is personal to me, and why I support the Board’s levy request on […]
Oscar Health (OSCR) Bets On Lucy As CEO Calls Time On Employer Coverage
Oscar Health (NYSE:OSCR) introduced its AI-driven Lucy Healthcare Marketplace, a digital hub for carriers, brokers, and consumers. The company presented Lucy as part of a shift toward individual coverage options, including support for ICHRA-based benefit designs. Chief executive Mario Schlosser said the traditional employer-sponsored health insurance structure is ending, pointing to alternative coverage models. Oscar Health’s Lucy Healthcare Marketplace launch and public push toward...
Elevance Health (ELV) Stock May Be Undervalued On Reaffirmed 2026 Guidance
Elevance Health has had a solid run over the past year, and the stock is now trading with recent news about its earnings outlook fresh in investors' minds. The core question is whether the current share price is warranted by the healthcare insurer's ability to keep converting its profit story into sustainable earnings per share. The stock has gained 33.6% over the past 12 months, which puts more weight on whether that move is supported by the underlying earnings power of the...
Thuram: “We had to react and we did”
Inter never give up. They stay united, take the blow and respond with pride and quality, with a willingness to sacrifice and a determination to get the result, whatever it takes. Against Roma, two goa...
Steelers make roster moves ahead of Week 2 vs. Patriots
Pittsburgh elevates two from the practice squad.
Bills’ Heartfelt Gesture Makes Highmark Stadium Debut Unforgettable for Buffalo
For over fifty years, Buffalo Bills‘ football thrived in the raw, ice-bound atmosphere of the original Highmark Stadium. Due to the necessity of modern facilities Bills’ went through a transition and now they have a $2.1 billion dollar worth stadium. The stadium finally welcomed the fans and the organization didn’t forget to make it special […] The post Bills’ Heartfelt Gesture Makes Highmark Stadium Debut Unforgettable for Buffalo appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
Frankie Muniz’s estranged wife shares message about ‘perspective’ after actor’s ‘rock bottom’ post
Frankie Muniz and his wife Paige Price filed for divorce earlier this year. They each shared posts about their life stages on Friday.
NFL Strictly Enforcing Illegal Contact, Offensive Pass Interference
Discouraging illegal contact by defensive backs could boost scoring.
Puka Nacua questionable for Week 2
Rams WR Puka Nacua will be listed as questionable for MNF after two days of no practice with hip injury
Vance plans Greensboro visit Monday
It will be the vice president’s second trip to North Carolina this year.
Vance plans Greensboro visit Monday
It will be the vice president’s second trip to North Carolina this year.
Frankie Muniz and Ex Paige Reunite for Son Amid 'Rock Bottom' Struggles
Frankie Muniz and his estranged wife, Paige Price, are putting on a united front for the sake of their 5-year-old son, Mauz.
Julian Schuster: “It was a thrilling game”
SC Freiburg came from behind twice to earn a hard-fought point from a trip to Frankfurt. Julian Schuster saw his side fail to win a game for the first time this season, but he was delighted with the r...
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in the epicenter of the outbreak
Health workers and other front-line workers in the Ebola response are being prioritized to receive the Ervebo vaccine that was effective in past Ebola outbreaks caused by a different, more common type of virus.
Russian election observer loses consciousness during arrest by police, opposition party says
The three-day election, which began Friday and ends Sunday, features virtually no opposition and is all but certain to secure the Kremlin’s political dominance.
In Memoriam: Dorothy Zimmerman
On Aug. 16, 2026, the Florida Political Review’s advisor, Dorothy Zimmerman, passed away after a courageous fight against ovarian cancer. Dorothy joined the Bob Graham Center for Public Service in
Seahawks great Shaun Alexander sees himself in Jadarian Price
Seahawks great Shaun Alexander recently lauded Jadarian Price for his explosion in the hole, timing and patience as a young running back in the NFL.
Michael Pittman Jr. ruled out for Week 2
Michael Pittman Jr. downgraded to out following two missed practices with foot injury
Five 'connected' cases of mumps reported on SDSU athletic team
"Importantly, the students are no longer considered contagious," the school's Student Health Services medical director said.
Conservation mentor uses practical science to form a soil health playbook
Nathan Mueller knows firsthand that adopting conservation practices is rarely as simple as reading an article or walking into an Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) office. It requires trial and
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in the epicenter of the outbreak
Congo has begun vaccinating healthcare staff against Ebola in Bunia, the epicenter of the fastest-growing outbreak of the disease in history.
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in the epicenter of the outbreak
BUNIA, Congo (AP) — Congo on Saturday began vaccinating healthcare staff against Ebola in Bunia, the epicenter of the fastest-growing outbreak of the disease in history as they are “particularly
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in the epicenter of the outbreak
Congo has begun vaccinating healthcare staff against Ebola in Bunia, the epicenter of the fastest-growing outbreak of the disease in history.
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in outbreak epicenter
Congo has begun vaccinating healthcare staff against Ebola in Bunia, the epicenter of the fastest-growing outbreak of the disease in history
In January 2026, researchers completed a drilling project beneath 1,716 feet of ice in West Antarctica, recovering evidence of an ocean that once lay open to sunlight
The discovery rewrites Antarctica's climate history—and raises urgent questions about how quickly ice sheets can collapse.
Analysis: Wake-up call for below-par Gunners
Arsenal's season had been going perfectly until this heavy loss - against a side who beat them by the same margin at Emirates Stadium in 2023. The Gunners had conceded just one goal in the league this term during their impressive winning streak, but the performance against the Seagulls was far from the standards Mikel Arteta has demanded from his side. Bruno Guimaraes was given his first league start, but the Brazilian failed to click with Declan Rice and Martin Odegaard in the middle of the pitch.
Has Seahawks' Jadarian Price Earned More Reps vs. Cardinals?
Price was used sparingly against New England, so is he set to have an increased workload against Arizona?
Health department warns of increased Asian tiger mosquito activity
Evanston Health and Human Services and the North Shore Mosquito Abatement District (NSMAD) continue to see increased biting mosquito reports, largely
Amazon cuts Apple Watch Series 12, Ultra 4 prices upon release
Apple Watch Series 12 and Apple Watch Ultra 4 models are on sale this weekend, with Amazon rotating discounts across case options and band colors.
Power & Politics: Voter registration hearing; New poll on NJ's 7th Congressional District; ICE accused of using Roxbury warehouse
Author of New Jersey Playbook and Politico Reporter Matt Friedman and Founder and Director of Stimsight Research Patrick Murray join the show this week.
Here's how Apple circumvented the battery shipping restrictions for iPhone 18 Pro Max
Learn about this simple software trick that regulators hate. If you've been following the smartphone trends in recent years, you've probably noticed that...
The race to build a pandemic-proof world
Six years after COVID-19 killed millions, battered health systems, disrupted lives and brought the global economy to a virtual standstill, the world is still grappling with how we can prepare better for the next pandemic.
Voices: Mental health awareness and suicide prevention
We’re talking about mental health awareness and suicide prevention. A mother, who lost her son to suicide, speaks to Jawan about possible warning signs. Jawan also sits down with a psychiatrist about possible resources for loved ones
The Surprising Mental Health Benefit of Coffee That Has Nothing to Do With Caffeine
In a small study, 20 students reported improvements in mood after smelling freshly brewed coffee for five minutes without drinking it.
SMPD Commander Totorica graduates from FBI National Academy
Santa Maria Police Comm. Nathan Totorica has graduated from the 299th session of the FBI National Academy in Quantico, Virginia.
Crossville Business Named Property of The Year - UCBJ
Grinder House Coffee Shop Named 2026 Tourism Property of the Year (UCBJ) - Grinder House Coffee Shop (GHC) in Crossville was named the 2026 Tourism Property of the Year in the Small category during the Tennessee Hospitality & Tourism Association’s Stars of the Industry Awards. The honor recognizes businesses for excellence in customer service, visitor experience and positive contributions to…
Kennedy tells antivaccine activists they have a friend in White House
Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. tells antivaccine activists from an organization he once chaired that they have a friend in the White House.
Seattle’s progressive values need businesses to succeed
As the Seattle mayor and council begin deliberations on the city budget, they should remember that a strong economy supports city services.
Seahawks Zach Charbonnet Gets Encouraging Health Update
Amid a small but noticeable collection of injuries not making much headway yet, we are getting some progress from one injured Seattle Seahawk.
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. 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