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Brockton seniors enjoy 1960s music and memories
Residents at Heights Crossing in Brockton enjoyed a 1960s themed party featuring live music and shared memories.
Brockton seniors enjoy 1960s music and memories
Residents at Heights Crossing in Brockton enjoyed a 1960s themed party featuring live music and shared memories.
Saka moves past Beckham after superb England display
Bukayo Saka delivered another outstanding England performance against Croatia, scoring twice in a 7-0 win and reaching a new international milestone.Photo by Carl Recine/Getty ImagesBukayo Saka scored...
Liverpool keeping tabs on Barcelona midfielder Bernal
Liverpool and Atletico Madrid are keeping tabs on the situation of Barcelona midfielder Marc Bernal.The teenager is set to assess his future should his minutes not increase under Hansi Flick, having b...
ACO Expansion Might Change The Case For Investing In agilon health Stock (AGL)
In late September 2026, agilon health reported that The Jackson Clinic and Springfield Clinic would expand their partnerships by joining agilon’s Senior Health Connect ACOs. This extends value-based care support to roughly 30,000 additional Traditional Medicare beneficiaries on top of existing Medicare Advantage panels. The moves deepen agilon health’s integration with large multi-specialty groups, tying more senior lives into full-risk accountable care models that rely heavily on the...
Business leaders deliver blow to calls for more North Sea oil and gas drilling
The campaign group Uplift said more than half of entrepreneurs backed government plans to phase out fossil fuels
Where to watch 49ers vs. Broncos today: Channel, live stream, time, TV schedule for Week 4 NFL game
Here is everything you need to know to watch 49ers vs. Broncos, including TV and streaming options for the game.
Where to watch Texans vs. Cowboys today: Channel, live stream, time, TV schedule for Week 4 NFL game
All you need to know to watch the Texans host the Cowboys in Week 4, including TV channel and live streaming info.
Mum fundraises to install mental health bench in Wellingborough
The bench includes phone numbers and a QR link that offer support to people in need of help.
Inside the DC 'Power to the People' festival headlined by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen and other music legends delivered a powerful message at the “Power to the People” protest festival in Maryland
Inside the DC 'Power to the People' festival headlined by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen and other music legends delivered a powerful message at the “Power to the People” protest festival in Maryland | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
Inside the DC 'Power to the People' festival headlined by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen and other music legends delivered a powerful message at the “Power to the People” protest festival in Maryland | WBBM Newsradio 780 AM & 105.9 FM
Inside the DC 'Power to the People' festival headlined by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen and other music legends delivered a powerful message at the “Power to the People” protest festival in Maryland | 1080 WTIC NEWSTALK
Inside the DC 'Power to the People' festival headlined by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen and other music legends delivered a powerful message at the “Power to the People” protest festival in Maryland.
Where to watch Eagles vs. Rams today: Channel, live stream, time, TV schedule for Week 4 NFL game
Here is everything you need to know about Eagles vs. Rams, including TV and streaming options for the game.
'SNL' skewers Trump, Mitch McConnell in midterms-themed cold open
"Saturday Night Live" is ready for the midterms.
Buccaneers’ QB Baker Mayfield Nearing Huge Step in Recovery
As the Tampa Bay Buccaneers hope to stay alive with Baker Mayfield injured, the quarterback is already nearing a huge milestone in his recovery.
Dana White answers critics: UFC 332 takeaways as Silva, KOs highlight night
UFC 332 delivered nine first-round knockouts and several major takeaways for the sport's future.
CSU defensive coordinator walks out during blowout loss
CSU coach Jim Mora Jr. stripped defensive coordinator Tyson Summers of play-calling duties after Oregon State scored on its first two drives, prompting Summers to leave the sideline entirely during the 56-26 loss.
Luzerne County Arts and Entertainment Hall of Fame inducts Class of 2026
KINGSTON — The Luzerne County Arts & Entertainment Hall of Fame held its 4th annual induction ceremony on Saturday at the Kirby Center for Creative Arts on the campus of Wyoming Seminary. The event featured live performances from the Back Doors, Mere Mortals, and the Cino Paci Band, live tributes to Thomas Hrynkiw and George Korson, and other video features.
Culver City protesters demand Sony, Amazon, other studios defend democracy
LOS ANGELES — On a sweltering Saturday, around 100 people gathered in Culver City for a rally and march to deliver a message to several major media companies: Help us
WQAD News 8
WQAD (Quad Cities) is your source for breaking news, weather, traffic, and live coverage in the Quad Cities and surrounding communities. Get the latest updates from the WQAD team — from major local headlines and investigations to severe weather, community stories, and the moments everyone’s talking about. Watch live newscasts, stream breaking coverage, and catch up on the top stories shaping Davenport, Rock Island, Moline, Bettendorf, and nearby areas. Subscribe for: • Quad Cities breaking news + live updates • Weather forecasts and severe weather alerts • Investigations and accountability reporting • Community stories across the region • Major events, sports, and local explainers WQAD — Quad Cities news and weather, live and on demand. 🔗 More: https://www.wqad.com
Rebels beat Cal in battle of big plays
QB Jackson Arnold delivered with 287 yards total offense and five touchdowns in the 39-31 win over the Golden Bears.
UFC 332 live blog: Roberto Soldic vs. Khaos Williams
Follow live UFC 332 results for Roberto Soldic vs. Khaos Williams
UFC 332 live blog: Ateba Gautier vs. Roman Kopylov
Follow live UFC 332 results for Ateba Gautier vs. Roman Kopylov
A forgotten 30-year forest experiment just delivered a huge surprise
A 30-year forestry experiment in Australia found that heavily thinned mountain ash forests grew unusually large trees while recovering enough carbon to match or exceed untouched areas. The results suggest carefully managed thinning could support timber production, wildlife habitat, and carbon storage at the same time.
Munson receives $200,000 grant to support community arts programming
UTICA — Munson has received a $200,000 grant from MetLife Foundation to support access to community programming, including the Arts Festival, Art Alive! Family Days, and free summer Community Arts
Italy 1-1 France – Bastoni Delivers at Both Ends
Inter defender Alessandro Bastoni scored Italy’s equaliser in a 1-1 Nations League draw with France in Paris, then made a vital late intervention to help secure the result.According to Football Ital...
Sadie Strong hosts annual health and wellness expo
Sadie Strong hosts annual health and wellness expo
Business as usual for Buescher and Preece following Keselowski departure announcement
Chris Buescher and Ryan Preece will miss Brad Keselowski as a teammate at RFK Racing, but neither seem concerned about the company’s future.
NASCAR O'Reilly Series Las Vegas race live updates, highlights, leaderboard
The NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series season continues with the Focused Health 302 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.
Conservatives pledge to scrap £100,000 childcare 'cliff edge'
Party leader Kemi Badenoch tells the BBC that she wants to see "people who work harder" not getting punished for doing so.
Food and entertainment combine for Octoberfest fun
Food, face painting, live music, inflatables and yard games combined for a family-friendly atmosphere Saturday during Octoberfest at Meineke Park in Schaumburg. The Mackenzie O'Brien kicked off the li...
Ray J suffers cardiac health scare, hospitalized for second time
Ray J remains hospitalized after experiencing another medical emergency – this time in the middle of a livestream.
Liverpool given price, blockbuster £40m deal can move forward
Liverpool have been told the price. Now a blockbuster deal can move forward for one of the biggest talents in world football.Liverpool want to sign wonderkids. That's unbelievably clear to everyone wa...
Oregon State football at Colorado State live updates, streaming info
Oregon State football will take on Colorado State in Week 5 of the 2026 college football season. Follow along for live updates, streaming info, more.
Four Lancashire areas selected for healthy food funding
Blackpool, Burnley, Rossendale, and Pendle are among 45 councils selected for £222k funding.
'SNL' is back. See host, musical guest ahead of tonight's show
"Saturday Night Live" is so back, in case you missed it.
Live Game Thread: Mizzou Hosts Red-Hot Florida on Homecoming
The Tigers hope to take down a top-10 Gators squad
Ray J rushed to hospital again after medical emergency mid-livestream
Ray J remains hospitalized after experiencing another medical emergency – this time in the middle of a livestream.
Cal at UNLV live stream, where to watch, CBS Sports Network channel finder, odds
A full weekend of football on CBS Sports Network is on tap
Live updates, score from Florida football vs Missouri Tigers
Florida football plays Missouri at Memorial Stadium. Follow here for live score updates, highlights, injury news, key plays and instant analysis.
Seattle and San Francisco: Big tech, political backlash and the AI boom
In a live joint recording of the GeekWire and Blue City Blues podcasts, GeekWire's John Cook, historian Margaret O'Mara and journalist Jonathan Weber join Blue City Blues hosts David Hyde and Sandeep Kaushik to discuss the tech industry's tensions with Seattle and San Francisco, and what the AI boom means for the future of both cities.
WIDR FM student radio station hosts Spin-a-Thon
Western Michigan University students gathered at 89.1 WIDR FM, WMU’s student-run, noncommercial educational station, to share physical media live on-air during the station's second annual Spin-a-Thon event Sept. 29.
Broncos DT Continues To Improve Against Run Game
The Denver Broncos are asking a lot of Zach Allen, and so far he's been stepping up and delivering.
Michigan State football at Wisconsin: Live updates
Follow along here for live updates as Michigan State hits the road to face Wisconsin.
Wisconsin football vs. Michigan State: Live updates, stats, score
Fresh off a ranked win at Penn State, the Wisconsin Badgers return to Madison for homecoming against Michigan State.
Padres’ hitters must carry momentum into Milwaukee
After early-season struggles, the Friars’ bats came alive in the second half and sustained the momentum into October.
LIVE UFC 332: Silva vs. Wang Results & Highlights
On Saturday the action heads to Utah as the leading MMA promotion presents UFC 332. The card will take place […]
Is 'SNL' on tonight? Host, musical guest and how to watch Season 52
Dakota Johnson returns to host 'Saturday Night Live' for the third time, with Turnstile making its debut as musical guest.
What happens when a brand story moves beyond advertising and into entertainment? Industry leaders explore the future of branded storytelling on OTT, from new formats and shoppable content to live…
Live Nation Entertainment (LYV) Stock Stays Hard To Read After Its 93% Run
Live Nation Entertainment has seen its share price advance strongly over the past few years, which naturally puts the focus on whether the current US$168.77 level is supported by what the business can generate in cash. With the stock giving back some ground in recent weeks, the question now is how that recent share move lines up against the value implied by its cash flows. Over the past 3 years the stock has returned 92.9%, which raises the issue of whether the market is now asking investors...
QB Daniels Must Deliver for Seminoles Against Virginia
Florida State needs QB Ashton Daniels to protect the football, make plays, and finally deliver a complete game against Virginia.
Two Democrats Competing to Replace Pelosi, Live Onstage
The two candidates vying to replace Rep. Nancy Pelosi in Congress faced off in a live onstage debate at KQED on Oct. 1, moderated by Political Breakdown co-hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos and the San Francisco Chronicle’s Joe Garofoli. City Supervisor Connie Chan and State Senator Scott Wiener presented their visions for the future
📸 This week's kit news 👕
Official announcements, leaks... it’s been another week full of news in the world of football kits.On the agenda: PSG’s likely next kit, as well as Liverpool’s surprising kits for next season.��...
Menopause is a major health milestone, yet health records barely track it—new research
Anyone with ovaries who lives long enough will experience menopause. While menopause is a natural transition in midlife, it can strongly affect a person's quality of life and their current and future ...
This protective enzyme could help stop fatty liver disease from getting worse
Scientists have identified an enzyme that may act as a natural defense against the worsening of fatty liver disease, which affects an estimated 100 million Americans. The enzyme, called UBE2N, helps liver cells clear away damaged mitochondria and break down fat, potentially preventing the inflammation, scarring, and cell damage associated with the more dangerous condition MASH.
Purplish: ‘The Great Colorado Ballot-O-Rama’ Part II
In the second half of the Purplish live event, the temperature rises on reporters in the host seat as they try to make the many ballot questions more digestible.
White Sox vs. Guardians: Two Keys to Winning the ALDS
The White Sox face a familiar rival in Cleveland as they look to keep their magical postseason run alive and advance to the ALCS. Here’s how they can do it.
I used a fake Craigslist ad to test my business idea. The reaction gave me the proof I needed.
Alison Donnally founded a business to help older adults live independently. She explains how the idea came to life.
I used a fake Craigslist ad to prove my business idea could work
Alison Donnally founded a business to help older adults live independently. She explains how the idea came to life.
Alabama State vs Bethune-Cookman live updates, highlights, analysis
Alabama State football plays Bethune-Cookman in a pivotal SWAC showdown. Follow live updates and highlights from Alabama State's Week 5 game.
She left Vegas to live on a ‘Blue Zone’ island where people live past 100 years old
In our roundup of travel stories this week: a hiking trail through the “Mountains of Heaven,” why Champagne is getting boozier, plus a woman who found joy by moving from Las Vegas to an Italian island.
The Fall of Roe Changed Doctors. Now They’re Changing Politics.
State-level abortion debates have activated physicians as a political force like never before.
Dodgers continue quest for World Series three-peat
The Los Angeles Dodgers will begin their MLB play-off campaign on Saturday, with the defending champions playing in a double-header live on the BBC.
Ohio State vs. Iowa: How to watch today's NCAA college football game, where to stream and more
Ohio State plays Iowa this Saturday. Here's how to watch live on CBS.
Could psilocybin treat brain injuries? Neuroscientist explains how psychedelics could fill a gap in head trauma care
Live Science spoke with neuroscientist Argel Aguilar-Valles about recent research exploring psychedelics as a treatment for mild head trauma.
Al Roker suddenly exits ‘Today’ during live broadcast, later explains why
Al Roker left “Today” early as Dylan Dreyer stepped in before the veteran weatherman later explained his absence.
Where to watch Duke basketball Countdown to Craziness: Time, TV schedule, channel, live stream for 2026 event
Here's everything you need to know about Duke basketball Countdown to Craziness, including TV channel and streaming options for the preseason event.
ABS-CBN News
The entertainment, creative, and lifestyle industry mourn the passing of Monchet Diokno Olives or more commonly known as the “Fanman.” Full story link in the comments section.
Ryan Field’s debut delivers a major moment for Northwestern football
The Wildcats opened their long-awaited new home Friday night with a charged atmosphere, an announced sellout crowd and the type of performance David Braun believes can propel the program forward.
Where to watch Air Force vs. Navy today: Channel, live stream, time, schedule for Mids vs. Falcons
Two of the nation's most dominant rushing offenses collide as Air Force hosts Navy. Here's all you need to know to tune in.
Culture refocuses attention on the Palestinian cause: ‘It has always been central to political struggle’
Musicians’ tours, film festivals and literary forums keep the flame for Gaza alive and spark debates about the limits of free expression and the concepts of censorship and cancellation
In Alabama, Trump Relives His Glory Days (This Time With Some Empty Seats)
The Deep South was the birthplace of the mega MAGA rally. How do people on the Gulf feel about President Trump now?
Game Night Live ’26
WJBF NewsChannel 6 heads into Week 7 of the 2026 season of GAME NIGHT LIVE as Thomson takes on Burke County High School.
Halle Berry's reacts to ex-husband's restraining order, abuse claims
Halle Berry speaks out against ex-husband Oliver Martinez amid his recent restraining order against the Oscar-winning star. He accuses Berry of physical abuse against their 12-year-old son.
Scientists Discover a Genius Use For Leftover Steel Waste – And It Could Save Lives
Win-win-win.
Live Nation Entertainment Enters Amended Employment Agreement With CEO Michael Rapino
Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. NYSE:LYV:
WATCH LIVE: 3rd Congressional District Debate with Celeste Maloy and Kent Udell
Republican Celeste Maloy and Democrat Kent Udell are running to represent eastern and southern Utah, along with parts of the Wasatch Front, in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Ex-US congressman David Rivera sentenced to 10 years in prison for Venezuela lobbying
River's ex-housemate, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, testified he had no idea about his activities.
Live & Local: Where to find upcoming local music, open mics and live entertainment
Rafters
Stage 12 West opens in downtown Mesa
Stage 12 West, a new restaurant that doubles as a live entertainment venue, opened its doors in downtown Mesa on Friday morning.
Beaver Valley high school football Week 6 live score updates
Follow along for Beaver Valley high school football Week 6 live score updates.
Delta Expo celebrates regional business, culture, entertainment
From live music and Delta food to shopping, stepping, books, and small-business showcases, Pine Bluff buzzed Sept. 25-26 as the first-of-its-kind Delta Expo brought businesses, entrepreneurs, artists, and community members together at the Pine Bluff Convention Center. Presented by the Pine Bluff Black Chamber of Commerce and visionary president and CEO Joni Alexander-Robinson, the two-day […]
Delta Expo celebrates regional business, culture, entertainment
From live music and Delta food to shopping, stepping, books, and small-business showcases, Pine Bluff buzzed Sept. 25-26 as the first-of-its-kind Delta Expo brought businesses, entrepreneurs, artists, and community members together at the Pine Bluff Convention Center. Presented by the Pine Bluff Black Chamber of Commerce and visionary president and CEO Joni Alexander-Robinson, the two-day […]
Family demands answers after son, 23, killed at Minneapolis mental health facility
The family of a 23-year-old man killed at a Minneapolis mental health facility is seeking answers as to why someone with a recent history of alleged violence was allowed to live alongside vulnerable residents and what could have been done to prevent it.
Sacred pages of 1,000-year-old gospel reveal ancient DNA scientists never expected
1,000-year-old manuscript found to have traces of ancient virus DNA preserved in its parchment pages.
Sacred pages of 1,000-year-old gospel reveal ancient DNA scientists never expected
1,000-year-old manuscript found to have traces of ancient virus DNA preserved in its parchment pages.
Sacred pages of 1,000-year-old gospel reveal ancient DNA scientists never expected
1,000-year-old manuscript found to have traces of ancient virus DNA preserved in its parchment pages.
Protesters target new Live Nation venue with 'illegal monopoly' messages
Before Miranda Lambert took the stage for the opening night at The Truth, protesters projected messages calling Live Nation an "illegal monopoly."
Studying Science in an Anti-Scientific Time
This Chronicle Review Deep Cut was first published in 2025. By Julianne Werlin Thanks for reading The Chronicle Review! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Subscribe The last two decades have not been kind to science studies. Already bruised and battered by the “science wars” of the 1990s, by the 2000s sociologists of science — who had long argued that science had to be understood in its human context — were encountering the funhouse-mirror version of their own views in right-wing critiques of climate scientists. It was enough to give some prominent scholars pause. “Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies?” asked Bruno Latour, the most famous sociologist of science in the world, in 2003. “Should we apologize for having been wrong all along? Or should we rather bring the sword of criticism to criticism itself and do a bit of soul-searching here: What were we really after when we were so intent on showing the social construction of scientific facts?” In response, Latour proposed a change of method and attitude. Science studies, now chastened and contrite, would no longer seek to strip facts of their authority, but to enrich and enhance them. What this meant in practice was never fully clear. But his diagnosis of problems resonated, even if his solutions did not. Latour’s exercise in public hand-wringing signaled a shift in mood. By 2016, with the first election of Donald Trump, the idea that skepticism of science was a right-wing position, not a left-wing one, had become a commonplace, discussed eagerly in The New York Times. For liberals, vaccine denial during the Covid era and Trump’s second-term attacks on the funding of scientific research, covered extensively in these pages, added a new urgency to the defense of science on both practical and principled grounds. There was little appetite for a sociology or philosophy of science that emphasized the messiness and missteps of the scientific process rather than its integrity and triumphs. The distinguished historian of science Peter Dear’s new book, The World as We Know It: From Natural Philosophy to Modern Science (Princeton University Press, 2025), which seeks to tell the story of 18th- and 19th-century science for a general public, may seem comfortably remote from these bitter contests. In its 16 short chapters, Dear draws swift, sure sketches of major discoveries from Newton to Einstein, ably guiding the reader through debates on stellar nebulae, animal taxonomy, atomic chemistry, evolution, and other flashpoints in the history of science. But though a work of history, Dear’s book must still negotiate our polarized present. In a blurb on its back cover, the historian of biology Lynn K. Nyhart alludes to the “present moment, when scientific knowledge is being swamped by misinformation and its institutions are under siege.” Dear himself, in his conclusion, refers to the “yard signs” and “bumper stickers” that proclaim “Science Is Real.” One antidote to both anti-science propaganda and to reductive slogans in science’s defense is a robust history and philosophy of science: exactly what Dear’s scholarship has long offered. But his new book illustrates how difficult such work has become. Dear, an emeritus professor of history at Cornell University, is best known as a creative and philosophically minded historian of the Scientific Revolution. His edited volume The Literary Structure of Scientific Argument (1991) analyzed the rhetoric of Galileo’s thought experiments to brilliant effect. Discipline and Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution (1995) was a major contribution to the analysis of scientific experiments in early modern Europe and beyond, while Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge in Transition, 1500-1700 (2001), now in its third edition, remains one of the best overviews of the profound epistemological upheavals of 16th- and 17th-century science. But Dear has also ventured into later periods. Nearly two decades ago, in The Intelligibility of Nature: How Science Makes Sense of the World (2006), he turned to the 18th and 19th centuries to sketch a history and theory of scientific knowledge. Aimed at a generalist audience, Dear’s simple prose belied serious philosophical ambitions. Science, Dear argued, has two aspects: “natural philosophy,” the quest to understand the true nature of the universe, and “instrumentality,” the applied skills and technologies that allow us to manipulate the world for human advantage. Both strands are ancient, but the innovation of the phenomenon we call “science” was to yoke them together. As Francis Bacon wrote, “Human knowledge and human power meet in one; for where the cause is not known, the effect cannot be produced,” an insight typically abridged to “knowledge is power.” Or, in Bertrand Russell’s characteristically blunt phrase, science has two functions, “1. to enable us to know things, and 2., to enable us to do things.” So far, so conventional. But Dear took issue with this familiar story in one respect. Bacon’s formula implied that theory and practice could be fused in a single method. In fact, Dear argued, the quest to understand nature and the desire to manipulate it were coupled only loosely. They could come together, but they could also pull apart. Focusing on natural philosophy, the “knowing” half of the scientific circle, he used a series of case studies from cosmology, taxonomy, chemistry, electromagnetism, and quantum theory to show how theories changed over time, in dialogue with practice, but never reducible to it. Take the case of matter, the basic substrate of the physical world. In the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists not only disagreed about what it was, but also about how well it could be known. In 1789, the chemist Antoine Lavoisier dismissed speculation about the atomic composition of chemicals as “discussions entirely of a metaphysical nature,” as he sought to orient chemistry away from philosophical abstraction and toward laboratory results. But in the 19th century, atoms returned with a vengeance in the atomic chemistry of John Dalton, who wanted to explain the underlying structure of nature. It was not just that Dalton and Lavoisier had a different set of experimental results, or even a different theory, Dear showed. What counted as an explanation had changed. In arguing that scientific theories depended on their intelligibility to human beings with complex arrays of beliefs and commitments, Dear was in sympathy with science studies. Key figures such as the sociologist Steven Shapin emphasized the importance of psychological mechanisms like trust in the formation and acceptance of scientific ideas. But in focusing on the scientific pursuit of knowledge, not its politics or economics, Dear resisted the more cynical perspective of some of his colleagues. The Intelligibility of Nature strikes a very different note than Shapin’s collection of a few years later, Never Pure: Historical Studies of Science as If It Was Produced by People With Bodies, Situated in Time, Space, Culture, and Society, and Struggling for Credibility and Authority (2010), to name just one example. Walking a very fine line, Dear depicted science as driven at once by complex social dynamics and by the intellectual power of real discoveries. It was a testament not only to his own acumen but also to the vitality of the field that he was able to do so. Nearly two decades later, The World as We Know It returns to the questions broached in The Intelligibility of Nature. Like Dear’s earlier study, it begins with the Newtonian cosmos and ends with debates between Einstein and Bohr on quantum physics. Beyond its terminal figures, many of the same characters appear in both studies, including the naturalists John Ray and the Comte de Buffon; the chemists Étienne François Geoffroy, Antoine Lavoisier, and John Dalton; as well as Charles Darwin and Michael Faraday, among others. Its subject is nearly identical: As in The Intelligibility of Nature, The World as We Know It considers natural philosophy as opposed to instrumentality, here defined as the “desire to create a picture of what the world is really like — the world as God knows it — rather than simply having instrumental or operational control over it.” The two books also overlap in insights — and sometimes even in language. The reader who has learned in The Intelligibility of Nature that Buffon’s method of classifying animals “reflected his belief in the importance of the senses and empiricism in learning about nature (a doctrine associated with Newton and the philosopher John Locke)” will experience a sense of déjà vu on reading, in The World as We Know It, that the classification “reflects Buffon’s commitment to the epistemological stance of Newton and his philosophical underlaborer John Locke, who stressed the role of the senses in creating natural knowledge.” Later in the passage, we read that, “because of its stress on understanding the ways of life of animals in their environments, Buffon’s approach could almost be labeled (anachronistically) as ‘ecological.’” And again, “an anachronistic way of putting it would be to say that Buffon recommends an ecological mode of understanding.” Likewise, in The Intelligibility of Nature we read of Dalton that he was initially drawn to meteorology, and that: He did a bit of experimental work on these things, especially having to do with the water-holding capacity of gases, but his real interest lay in understanding what, at an underlying natural-philosophical level, was really going on physically.” Whereas, in The World as We Know It: He did experimental work on these things, especially concerning the water-holding capacity of gases — although not at a very refined level quantitatively — but he was continually trying to develop a theoretical conception of what was happening physically. The final full chapter of each book closes on the same resigned note. Intelligibility: These days, most serious work on the natural philosophical underpinnings and implications of quantum mechanics is performed not by physicists but by philosophers of science. Among scientific practitioners themselves, Bohr’s attempt to use instrumentality as sufficient grounds for a respectable science has met with a high degree of success. And again, in The World as We Know It: Bohr’s and Einstein’s concerns are now questions that are mostly discussed by philosophers of science rather than by physicists themselves. The marginalization of these sorts of questions amounts to the demise of natural philosophy, at least in physics, in the 20th century. Quantum mechanics “works,” and that’s good enough for most scientists who encounter it. Examples could be multiplied. When handling the same subject matter, some echoes are inevitable. Scholars should not feel that because they have written “Isaac Newton died in 1727” in one book, in the next they must describe him as perishing, expiring, or meeting his maker. But the repetitions of language and arguments (not to mention six reproduced images) threaded throughout The World as We Know It are more extensive than that. They should have been caught by Princeton University Press or its reviewers, and revised. Because the two books have so much in common, it is easy to see where they diverge. The World as We Know It is a less theoretical work than its predecessor. The sociology of knowledge that organized The Intelligibility of Nature has been reduced in scale and folded into readings and examples. The taut interplay between history and theory, which gave the earlier study so much interest, is there, but it is subtle. In the earlier book, the case studies demonstrated theoretical claims about the character and development of science. In the later work, each narrative of discovery is an end in itself. Insights emerge from the history, but they do not control the organization of the study. With the theory muted, it can be hard to understand the logic uniting Dear’s sprawling history of more than two centuries of scientific knowledge. The 16 brisk chapters cover an enormous amount of material. But the closer the volume edges to comprehensiveness, the more obvious the missing elements become. A chapter on “Institutions and Pedagogy,” describing the birth of the research university, illustrates the problem. Inserted roughly halfway through the book, the unnumbered chapter is designed as an “entr’acte,” in acknowledgement that it does not fit the study’s organization around scientific discoveries. Yet as Dear is well aware, no general history of the development of modern science can bracket its 19th-century institutionalization and professionalization. It was the 19th-century university, after all, that gave us the “scientist,” a term coined by the Cambridge philosopher William Whewell. Dear’s history of scientific discoveries implies a wider social and institutional history, but it remains largely subterranean, only occasionally extruded under the pressure of the narrative. It must be said that the balance is not all on the side of the earlier study. There are some advantages to the more historical, less theoretical organization of The World as We Know It. Dear’s accounts of paradigm shifts are remarkably lucid, no small accomplishment given that they span fields and centuries. He makes excellent use of the wealth of new scholarship on Darwin and his influences, to which he has himself contributed. It is satisfying to see puzzle pieces from Buffon’s natural history, Georges Cuvier’s animal taxonomy, Thomas Robert Malthus’s demography, and Charles Lyell’s geology recombined seamlessly in the Darwinian jigsaw. Likewise, Dear’s discussion of stellar nebulae, divided between chapters two and 15, shows vividly how Newton, Kant, Herschel, and Hubble reimagined insights and observations as they sought to discover whether the diffuse light that filtered through early telescopes was a glowing, gaseous substance or discrete but distant stars. Yet despite such pleasures, the book remains a more modest work than The Intelligibility of Nature. Dear has clearly not changed his views about the history of science. But in the two decades that have elapsed, the discipline and the world around it have changed, making it harder to write a sociologically and philosophically ambitious history of science for the general reader. That is a shame, because in the age of Silicon Valley and biotechnology, both the reciprocity and the tensions Dear identified between the epistemological and instrumental ambitions of science are more evident than ever. In recent years, some of the most exciting new books on the history of science in early modernity have focused precisely on this pressure point. Important studies such as Pamela H. Smith’s From Lived Experience to the Written Word (2022), James Poskett’s Horizons: The Global Origins of Modern Science (2022), and Vera Keller’s The Interlopers: Early Stuart Projects and the Undisciplining of Knowledge (2023) all shed new light on how early modern science negotiated the relationship between its instrumental and epistemological ambitions, or in Russell’s phrase, knowing and doing. There is every opportunity for a philosophically informed approach to draw new insights from this wealth of material. Dear, unfortunately, has not done so in The World as We Know It. But for future scholars of the history of science, his body of work over nearly four decades may provide just the model. Julianne Werlin is an associate professor of English at Duke University. Thanks for reading The Chronicle Review! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Subscribe
Sean Combs placed in solitary amid reports of lavish prison lifestyle
Sean "Diddy” Combs has reportedly been placed in solitary confinement following allegations in an NBC News report of his lavish federal prison lifestyle.
1st & 10 Football: Week 6
This is your home for OzarksFirst 1st & 10 high school football coverage. We will begin live streaming at 8:30pm every Friday in the video player above. Stay caught up on local scores, streams and the biggest stories from the gridiron, and beyond! Click here to see feature stories about our Game of the Week. […]
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Bishop’s computer science chair says AI is eliminating ‘grunt work’ and reshaping digital jobs
Dr. Russell Butler, chair of Bishop’s University’s Department of Computer Science, says artificial intelligence is increasingly taking over routine digital “grunt work,” changing the skills students and workers may need in the years ahead. Photo courtesy of Bishop’s University. Click here to read our platform! Get local news like this every morning. Subscribe free below. Subscribe Pulse Newsroom Artificial intelligence is already taking over some of the routine digital work once performed by entry-level employees, according to Bishop’s University Computer Science chair Dr. Russell Butler — a shift he believes will make expertise, judgement and the ability to evaluate AI-generated work increasingly important. Butler described the change as automation reaching what he calls the “bottom of the cognitive pyramid” during an interview with The Pulse about AI, university education and the future of digital work. His argument is not that humans are disappearing from the workplace. Instead, he sees their role changing as AI becomes capable of handling more of the repetitive tasks involved in computer-based work. “Everything’s converging on just AI basically doing all the grunt work,” Butler said. The bottom of the cognitive pyramid Butler is from Lennoxville, completed his undergraduate studies at Bishop’s and later earned his PhD at the Université de Sherbrooke. He joined Bishop’s in 2019 and now chairs its Department of Computer Science. He uses AI in research, teaching and other creative work, and said the technology is increasingly capable of handling routine digital tasks that once required substantial human time. “You’ve got the grunt work, like moving things around in Excel, doing basic programming tasks,” Butler said. “That’s like the bottom grunt work that the entry-level worker would have done two or three years ago.” Butler went further, saying in his view that much of this type of work has already been absorbed by AI tools. He connected that change to a shift he sees taking place in computer science, where entry-level roles have declined while experienced workers can use AI to increase what they can produce. “A senior developer now has access to essentially an unlimited amount of junior developers on demand,” Butler said. He was describing AI systems metaphorically, not literal employees. His point was that one experienced developer can now ask AI tools to produce code or other technical work that might previously have been assigned to more junior workers. That raises a broader question for universities and employers. If some of the simpler work traditionally given to newcomers can now be done by machines, how do people gain the experience needed to become senior workers themselves? Students doing work that once required years of programming Butler said he is already seeing the change inside his classroom. He created a Bishop’s course called CS208, Coding in Plain English, to show students — including those without traditional programming backgrounds — what they can accomplish using AI. Some come from disciplines such as psychology or neuroscience with no previous programming experience. “What I’m finding is that students who have zero programming experience, they come in from another discipline like psychology or neuroscience or something, they are now able to get up and running with real data sets,” Butler said. Butler’s own doctoral work involved neuroimaging, and he said he has assigned students work he considers comparable to the kinds of analysis he performed during his PhD. He described giving students a real dataset, an expected result and instructions to use AI to complete the analysis. Butler said those students have been able to carry out work at a level he associates with tasks he once performed after years of programming experience. That does not mean a student using AI instantly acquires the same knowledge as an experienced computer scientist. But Butler sees it as evidence that AI can dramatically lower the technical barrier between having a problem to solve and producing a working result. The role of the person using the system then changes. They need to know what to ask for, understand enough about the subject to judge the answer and take responsibility for what is ultimately produced. What about AI hallucinations? One persistent concern surrounding generative AI is hallucination — when a system produces information that sounds convincing but is false or unsupported. Butler said that problem has improved substantially in newer systems and is not as severe as it was with earlier models. He pointed in particular to newer AI systems’ ability to search the web, consult scientific databases and return source links rather than simply generating a citation from their internal model. Butler nevertheless said users should verify what AI produces. “You should verify,” he said while discussing citations generated with AI. His position is that hallucinations have become less common in the systems he uses, not that incorrect AI output is impossible. Human checking remains part of the process. Hours of work compressed Butler offered another example from his administrative work at Bishop’s. The university has been comparing CEGEP courses with first-year Bishop’s courses to determine where students may qualify for advanced standing. Traditionally, Butler said, that means reviewing two sets of course descriptions and manually matching one institution’s courses with another’s. As department chair, that could require hours of reading and comparison. He said AI can now be given both sets of material and asked to generate an initial mapping automatically. “It saves me hours and hours of work,” Butler said. Butler said the AI-generated mapping can also produce a better result than he would produce himself. He sees similar opportunities in businesses. A company may receive specifications, drawings, emails or other digital material from customers and then have employees convert that information into an internal format before anything can be manufactured or delivered. AI can increasingly perform parts of that intermediate processing. In Butler’s view, the employee does not necessarily disappear. Instead, the job becomes more about checking the result. “The human is still there,” he said. Judgement could become more valuable That change is central to Butler’s view of where digital work may be headed. If AI can produce a first draft, write basic code, compare documents or process large amounts of information, he argues that knowledge and judgement become increasingly important. “The real scarce resource going forward is going to be domain knowledge, expertise, and… credentials, authority, the ability to work with other people,” Butler said. He is therefore encouraging students not only to learn AI tools but also to broaden their education. He mentioned acting, fine art and photography as examples of courses that can help develop what he described as taste and intuition — the ability to recognize what is good, what is not and what should be changed. “And that’s the skill that they need now because the grunt work has been automated and now it’s about evaluating what the AI produces and telling it how to improve or expand the output,” Butler said. That does not remove the need for technical knowledge. Butler’s argument is that the emphasis may shift away from manually completing every step of a task and toward directing, checking and improving work produced with AI assistance. He also stressed that humans remain responsible for final decisions. “At the end of the day, the human has to make the final call,” Butler said, pointing to the question of accountability. Physical work may be different Butler draws a distinction between digital work and jobs requiring people to manipulate the physical world. He expects AI to continue advancing quickly in tasks performed almost entirely on computers. He is more cautious about claims that humanoid robots will soon be able to replace workers such as plumbers or electricians. Butler said those trades would not be replaced “anytime soon” in his view and described some current robotics demonstrations as overhyped. He described the situation as counterintuitive. “It’s almost like we solved the highest level first,” he said, contrasting advances in digital AI with the harder problem of building robots capable of operating reliably in the physical world. Butler’s argument is that some digital occupations could face automation sooner than trades requiring complex physical work. The wider AI shift in the Townships Butler’s comments come as local institutions are increasingly grappling with how AI should be used. The federal government recently announced up to $162 million over five years for 10,000 AI-related placements through Mitacs. The Université de Sherbrooke told The Pulse that the number of its collaborative research and innovation projects supported through Mitacs has approximately doubled since 2018-19, while the number of placements has approximately tripled. UdeS also said it already has projects involving both AI adoption and the application of AI to other fields. At Bishop’s, Butler said part of his role involves building the Computer Science department’s local presence, connecting students with regional partners and strengthening relationships with the Sherbrooke technology ecosystem. Those developments put universities in a difficult position. They have to prepare students to use the tools employers increasingly have available while also making sure graduates understand enough to recognize when those tools are wrong, incomplete or being applied to the wrong problem. The risk of losing human skills Butler does not see AI as risk-free. Later in the interview, he raised a separate concern: as AI becomes better at reading, writing, programming and other cognitive tasks, people could lose some of the underlying skills that historically helped produce new ideas. “The other danger is that we’re going to lose the human skills,” Butler said. He specifically mentioned reading and writing and argued that people could lose some of the lower-level understanding that contributes to breakthroughs. Butler said AI systems are based on existing human knowledge and argued that they become much more powerful when paired with a capable person. That tension runs through his view of the technology. AI can remove hours of routine work. It can allow beginners to perform tasks that once required substantial technical training. It can give experienced workers significant leverage. But the more capable the technology becomes, the more important it may be for people to develop the judgement needed to decide what should be done in the first place. For Butler, that is where education may have to change. Students still need to understand their field. They still need to know when something is wrong. And they still need to be able to make the final decision. But if AI increasingly handles the bottom of the cognitive pyramid, the value of a worker may depend less on how quickly they can perform the grunt work and more on whether they understand what the work is supposed to accomplish. Don’t miss the next story that affects your community. Join thousands of readers getting The Pulse every morning—plus breaking news alerts when it matters most. If you value this kind of local journalism, consider supporting it. Subscribe, share and like! Subscribe Share
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