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President says 250th celebration on July 4 will be a ‘Trump rally’
The previously planned event for the country’s anniversary will feature the president’s playlist and his keynote address, he said.
Trump administration's assault on climate science and ocean research
Scientists are sounding the alarm after the Trump administration said it plans to dismantle a deep-sea observation system that provides critical data on ocean health.
Science, Natural Resources Committee Democrats Demand Trump Administration Cease Illegal and Expensive Scheme to Dismantle NSF Ocean Observation System
The House Committee on Science, Space and Technology
Trust In CDC Plummets Under Trump Administration, New Poll Shows
By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterMONDAY, June 15, 2026 (HealthDay News) — Public trust in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has taken a nose dive under the Trump administration, a new poll has found. Only 50% of U.S. adults now say they trust health recommendations issued ...
‘An awkward family gathering’: Trump and G7 leaders convene in France amid geopolitical divergences
For weeks, President Donald Trump and his advisers have looked ahead warily to this week’s Group of Seven summit in France.
Trump, 80, Tries to Hide Chronic Health Problem at Tacky Birthday Bash
Nothing to see here.
Donald Trump’s UFC fights at White House marred by smear aimed at Michelle Obama
President’s UFC fights held on the White House lawn overshadowed by chants about former first lady
The next mayor of DC will have to navigate its most famous resident: President Donald Trump
Janeese Lewis George, a Washington, DC, councilmember and leading candidate for mayor, was knocking on doors when her team got word that President Donald Trump said he wouldn’t “put up with it” if the democratic socialist wins her Tuesday primary.
At G-7, allies plan for a world less reliant on the U.S.
After a decade of trying to manage Donald Trump, the shape will shift this week as Europe’s leaders balance cooperation with a growing resistance to U.S. pressure.
Raphael Warnock shares vision for straightening out politics in new book
A sermon on "crooked places made straight" Rev. Raphael Warnock preached during President Donald Trump's first term has become the basis of a book from the now U.S. senator.
Best photos from UFC 250 spectacular at the White House
President Donald Trump attended UFC 250 on Sunday as the event faced weather delays but delivered fast action.
Trump sought to break Iran’s regime. He settled for reopening Hormuz.
The emerging agreement ends a costly war but leaves Iran’s leadership intact and its nuclear future still subject to negotiation.
The true test of Trump’s Iran agreement will come only if the fighting stops
The mixed martial arts fights at President Donald Trump’s 80th birthday party showcased the power of dominance and unequivocal victories.
Trump celebrates his 80th birthday with an Iran deal and UFC cage fights at the White House
President Donald Trump celebrated his 80th birthday by hosting a UFC cage-fighting event on the White House South Lawn while announcing an initial agreement to end the war in Iran and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, potentially easing oil prices. The spectacle blended politics, entertainment, and diplomacy.
Trump turns 80 with spectacle of cage fights at White House
He had been touting the emerging deal for weeks
Trump turns 80 with spectacle of cage fights at White House
He had been touting the emerging deal for weeks
Trump puts himself at center of birthday spectacle
Trump marked his 80th birthday with a UFC fight staged on White House grounds — a spectacle that underscored how he has sought to turn sports, historically an escape from politics, into another front in America's divisions.
Jimmy Kimmel trolls Donald Trump on his 80th birthday with Epstein-themed card
Kimmel's e-card mimicked a note Trump allegedly sent the late convicted sex offender on his 50th birthday.
Is David Flippo's primary win the death blow for Old Nevada politics?
He rallied Washington's Trumpiest voices, poured in his own money and went straight for the jugular. That approach trounced James Settelmeyer's legacy campaign.
Trump admin says Anthropic's 'recklessness' triggered export controls on latest AI models
Anthropic's Fable 5 AI model faced export controls after a senior administration official says the company's "recklessness" in addressing vulnerabilities damaged government trust.
Doctor Alarmed by Trump’s Dangerous Health Crisis
“Basically, the world is now captive to a madman, right?”
Oil prices fall on US-Iran agreement
Oil prices dropped on Sunday after President Donald Trump said an agreement with Iran had been reached and the United States would end its naval blockade on the country.
U.S. and Iran reach agreement to end war, Trump says
The deal commits Tehran to forgo the development or acquisition of nuclear weapons in exchange for helping reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
Trump’s U.F.C. Event Comes as Backing of Young Men, Once a Strength, Wanes
Some Republicans see a political opening in Sunday’s fights at the White House. Democrats say they see a distraction from more pressing matters.
Kennedy Center exterior remains covered after Trump’s name is removed
Large striped tarps remained on the Kennedy Center’s exterior Sunday, prompting confusion and frustration from some visitors to the renowned arts venue after President Donald Trump’s name was removed over the weekend.
WSJ Politics Special Edition for June 14: Trump’s Iran Deal Will Hinge on These Things
Here are the main issues to watch to see if this agreement is for real.
Trump Claims Strait Will be ‘Permanently Toll Free’ Under Agreement With Iran
In a call to The New York Times, President Trump praised Russia and China’s leaders and described Israel’s prime minister as “a very difficult guy.”
Trump marks 80th birthday with UFC fight at the White House
President Trump is celebrating his 80th birthday with a UFC fight on the White House lawn. A closer look a the political message behind the event and why some Republicans are uneasy.
Barron Trump-linked beverage brand launches first product with Florida-inspired twist
SOLLOS Yerba Mate, a beverage brand linked to Barron Trump, has launched its first product — a Pineapple + Coconut Florida-inspired yerba mate drink.
Trump says US reached a deal with Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz
Trump said the US reached a deal with Iran on Sunday to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, a possible end to a 15-week conflict that upended global oil markets.
JD Vance says he will discuss 2028 presidential run after midterm elections
Vice-president says he tries not to make decisions until he ‘absolutely must’ but has ‘no doubt’ Trump will support him
JD Vance says he’ll discuss 2028 presidential run with wife after midterms
Vice President JD Vance also said he doesn't initiate conversations about his political future with President Donald Trump, but noted that Trump is "fascinated by it."
Trump celebrates 80th birthday with Iran deal ahead of UFC fights on White House South Lawn
Trump marked turning 80 on Sunday by hailing an agreement to end the war in Iran hours before a birthday celebration that once would have seemed unfathomable: a cage-fighting show on the South Lawn of the White House.
Trump celebrates 80th birthday with UFC fights while issues loom over his presidency
President Donald Trump marks turning 80 on Sunday with a birthday celebration that once would have seemed unfathomable: a cage-fighting show on the storied South Lawn of the White House.
Federal judge orders Trump administration to restore science and history to signs and exhibits at US…
A federal judge in Massachusetts on Friday ordered Trump officials to restore all signs and exhibits in US national parks that were changed as a part of the administration's efforts to remove any purp...
Trump turns 80 with spectacle of cage fights at White House; issues loom
The bash comes while the U.S. and Iran are discussing a deal to the end the war, and after Trump's name was removed from Washington's Kennedy Center.
Trump turns 80 with spectacle of cage fights at White House; issues loom
The bash comes while the U.S. and Iran are discussing a deal to the end the war, and after Trump's name was removed from Washington's Kennedy Center.
The U.S.-led war in Iran will dominate Trump's G7 trip to France
The gathering was originally expected to be a meeting focused on a variety of separate economic and security issues.
Rep. James Gallagher on Iran, President Trump and his priorities in Congress
California’s newest Congressman, James Gallagher, described his first few days in Washington as "overwhelming” and filled with emotions as he steps into his new role representing California's U.S. House District 1.
Snazzy Labs got their Trump Phone preorder and it’s a disaster.
Quinn Nelson is one of the lucky (?) few to actually get their hands on the T1. The Trump Mobile emails kept going to spam, the site is broken, and a customer service agent asked for his password over the phone. Spoiler: Things didn’t get better once he turned it on. [Media: https://youtu.be/b1ytw85Npt8]
Sen. James Lankford says Congress should ratify any deal Trump makes with Iran
The Oklahoma senator’s comments come as President Donald Trump has signaled that the U.S. and Iran are close to working out a deal to end the war.
Donald Trump turns 80 and celebrates with UFC cage fighting on the White House lawn
President Donald Trump turns 80 on Sunday and celebrates with a unique event: cage fighting on the White House lawn.
Trump endorses Rep. Mike Collins ahead of GOP Senate runoff in Georgia
President Donald Trump on Sunday waded into the Georgia Republican primary for Senate, endorsing Rep. Mike Collins just days before the congressman faces off against Derek Dooley in a runoff election.
Me, worry? For US small businesses, Trump’s tariffs are now a non-issue
A year ago it was the hot topic, but business owners have seen there’s a limit to the president’s royal decrees
Trump's rural support slips as fuel and food prices climb, poll shows
Rural disapproval of Trump rises, driven by concerns over cost of living and economy.
Creeping screwworm: Trump's new political pest
A deadly pest threatens the cattle industry — and Trump's political outlook.
Poll: Democrats maintain an edge in the fight for Congress as Trump gets poor marks
Democrats have a 5-point advantage in a new NBC News poll as Trump’s approval rating sinks to a second-term low among registered voters.
Trump endorses Collins in Georgia Senate runoff. It's his latest 'MAGA' pick in Republican primaries
Days before the U.S. Senate runoff in Georgia, President Donald Trump has made an endorsement
Politics chat: Trump promises end to Iran war; White House to host UFC fight
President Trump is again promising an end to the war with Iran.
Trump endorses Mike Collins in runoff, shaking up Georgia’s U.S. Senate race
The decision is a blow to Derek Dooley, the Republican who is backed by Gov. Brian Kemp. Trump's decision will test GOP loyalties in the runoff in June.
Happy Birthday, Trump: Your Generation Trashed American Politics
The 1946 babies — Trump, Bush and Clinton — are leaving a rancid political legacy.
Trump's milestone birthday and what happens to your body at 80
On June 14, President Donald Trump hit a milestone birthday. What does aging look like in your 80s?
Trump hosts White House cage fights amid war and political scrutiny
Donald Trump hosts a card of seven mixed martial arts fights to be held on Sunday inside a specially built arena on the White House's South Lawn on his 80th birthday, a spectacle spotlighting his norm-defying style at a tense moment in his presidency.
Trump litigation has helped lift AG Campbell's political star
Attorney General Andrea Campbell has sued the federal government more than 50 times since President Trump took office, using millions of dollars in extra taxpayer funding to help form the state-level bulwark that, more often than not, has won in court.
Under Trump, hopes for a mining boom in the Nevada desert
Tonopah has boomed and mostly busted since it's heyday more than a century ago. Trump has raised expectations for renewed prosperity and one local businessman is sprucing up his motel in anticipation of better times.
Trump’s UFC 80th birthday bash looks to rescue his tarnished macho image
President Donald Trump’s birthday bash masks an increasing reality in his second term: Even as he tries to double down on his macho image, Americans don’t see him as much as the domineering totem of strength he wants them to.
Why Topuria could spoil UFC's White House party
While US President Donald Trump and the UFC prepare to celebrate America with an unprecedented event at the White House on Sunday, Ilia Topuria is perfectly placed to spoil the party.
Donald Trump's legacy rests in the hands of federal courts
From immigration policy to elections and more, courts are poised to decide what President Donald Trump can accomplish in office.
President Trump Endorses Mike Collins in Georgia Senate Runoff
Mr. Trump backed Mr. Collins over Derek Dooley, a former football coach who is supported by Gov. Brian Kemp, a Republican whose relationship with the president is strained.
Trump’s birthday UFC fight is a seminal moment in US politics
Politicians are increasingly asked to function as cultural icons. That’s why a cage fight on the White House lawn represents a seminal moment in American politics.
Trump turns 80 with a showstopping spectacle of cage fights at the White House. But big issues loom
President Donald Trump celebrates turning 80 with a UFC cage-fighting event on the White House's South Lawn.
Trump turns 80 with a showstopping spectacle of cage fights at the White House. But big issues loom
President Donald Trump celebrates turning 80 with a UFC cage-fighting event on the White House's South Lawn.
Trump Administration Reignites Its Feud With Anthropic Over Latest A.I. Models
The administration’s surprise restrictions Friday cut off foreign access to Anthropic’s latest models and sparked another round of finger pointing.
Crowds flock to White House Ellipse for fan event ahead of UFC fight
Thousands gathered on the White House Ellipse on Saturday for a festival celebrating all things Ultimate Fighting Championship, a preview of the mixed martial arts fights slated for Sunday evening on the South Law.
Trump at 80 works to project strength as political woes mount
He is struggling to end an unpopular war with Iran, some fellow Republicans have begun to resist his ideas and polls show his support outside his devoted base is waning.
Trump names James M. McDonald to lead powerful New York federal prosecutor's office
President Donald Trump has nominated James M.
DJI and Insta360 go to war in the U.S. over its action gimbal cameras
Insta360's Luna Ultra and DJI's Osmo Pocket 4 Pro can't compete among consumers in the U.S. due to the Trump admin. So, they're battling it out over patents instead.
Judge orders Trump administration to restore signs changed at national parks
A federal judge in Massachusetts has ordered the Trump administration to restore all signs that were changed or removed at national parks across the country as part of President Donald Trump’s controversial directive last year.
Trump and Macron will meet over dinner at Versailles palace after G7 summit in France
President Donald Trump and French President Emmanuel Macron will meet over dinner at the Palace of Versailles after the upcoming G7 summit of leading industrialized nations in France
Oval Office octagon: How Trump turned combat sports into a political weapon
MMA event reflects career deeply intertwined with professional fighting, but risks political fallout.
Oval Office octagon: How Trump turned combat sports into a political weapon
MMA event reflects career deeply intertwined with professional fighting, but risks political fallout.
Angst at the Supreme Court before a rush of decisions
Late spring means the Supreme Court is preparing to unleash decisions. Justices have already had a remarkable term. They invalidated much of President Donald Trump’s tariff policy, but also gutted the Voting Rights Act and gave Republicans an advantage in the redistricting war Trump started.
Trump Bets on UFC Violence and the South Lawn Colosseum to Revive His Political Power
As setbacks mount, the president is staging a White House spectacle aimed at energizing supporters and reclaiming momentum
Global HIV prevention declined drastically after Trump aid cuts, U.N. finds
Cuts from the U.S. and others have hit hard, with the number of people receiving PrEP dropping by 38% from 2024 to 2025, according to data from 62 countries.
Trump at 80 Works to Project Strength As Political Woes Mount
President Donald Trump is trying to project brute strength as he turns 80, but mounting political problems at home and abroad are tarnishing his self-styled image as an all-powerful leader.
Judge orders Trump administration to restore National Park changes at sites
The order comes in response to a lawsuit by conservation and historical organizations over National Park Service policies.
Judge orders Trump administration to restore National Park changes at sites
The order comes in response to a lawsuit by conservation and historical organizations over National Park Service policies.
Judge orders Trump administration to restore National Park changes at sites
The order comes in response to a lawsuit by conservation and historical organizations over National Park Service policies.
Trump's Name Removed From Kennedy Center Building
The removal of Trump’s name came after a federal judge ordered the Kennedy Center to restore its original name by Friday, June 12.
Trump administration’s decision to remove equipment from ocean off Oregon coast stuns, dismays OSU scientists
A decision by the Trump administration to quickly dismantle a complex and massive array of underwater equipment that for 10 years has studied the ocean’s health has stunned and dismayed researchers in Newport and Corvallis.
Emboldened Senate Democrats block even bipartisan bills in hardball approach to counter Trump
The decision by Senate Democrats to let a key surveillance authority lapse comes as they’re increasingly emboldened in their legislative fights against President Donald Trump
Workers begin removing Trump's name from the Kennedy Center
The work came hours after a court-ordered Friday deadline.
Workers begin removing Trump's name from the Kennedy Center
The work came hours after a court-ordered Friday deadline.
Workers begin removing Trump's name from the Kennedy Center
The work came hours after a court-ordered Friday deadline.
Will Trump Spend His $350 Million War Chest to Win Texas? Republicans Are Worried
By Nolan D. McCaskill WASHINGTON, June 13 (Reuters) - Republicans want President Donald Trump to put his money where his mouth is: behind his scandal-plagued ally, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton. Paxton ousted four-term Senator John Cornyn in a primary runoff last month on the heels of Trump's ...
Democrats have a one-word defense for supporting Graham Platner: Trump
Platner’s backers in Maine say with Trump in office and Senate control on the line, the bar is low and the stakes are high: “Purity politics don’t get us anywhere.”
Trump prosecutor in L.A. is searching for voter fraud before final count
First Assistant U.S. Atty. Bill Essayli is waging an unusual campaign to find election fraud in California despite DOJ guidelines saying not to during vote counting.
Trump's name removed from Kennedy Center in predawn operation
President Trump's name was taken off the Kennedy Center after a federal judge denied the administration's request that his order be put on hold.
Trump Is Losing Ground With White Working-Class Voters on the Economy
A review of polling data shows an extraordinary swing among white working-class voters on the president’s handling of the economy.
How Sergio Gor Is Transforming the Role of U.S. Ambassador in the Trump Era
From his post in New Delhi, Mr. Gor has become a force in U.S. foreign policy, chasing business deals and stunning diplomats by reversing a long-planned embassy building project.
Trump trades NBA boos for UFC cheers as sports become dividing line
Once a refuge from political division, major sports have become a partisan arena in the Trump era.
Trump trades NBA boos for UFC cheers as sports become dividing line
Once a refuge from political division, major sports have become a partisan arena in the Trump era.
In Retrospect: Poland, Russia, Europe
In April I spent a few days with Zryw, a Polish non-profit organization that recruits young people to enter politics and public life. Their aim is to build a new generation of civic leaders in Poland. I’ve followed their evolution from the beginning; my son is one of the founders. (“Zryw” means “impulse” or “burst of speed” in Polish). Julie Chmielewska, one of Zryw’s leaders, interviewed me at the event. Here is the conversation, lightly edited for grammar and context: Julia Chmielewska: Assuming that culture shapes institutions, could we conclude that some cultures are more prone to authoritarianism? Anne Applebaum: I don’t think so. Every culture, every nation, and every country has the potential for change. When we look at history, we can see that nations do change. Poland has changed, for example, from the 1980s to today. There’s a completely different mentality here than the one I encountered when I first visited, in 1988. The current generation sees the world through a different frame. So no, I don’t believe that certain nations are doomed to authoritarianism, or to anything. Of course, there are political and cultural traditions, but they can always be challenged. JC: So do you think there’s something intrinsic in human nature that pushes people to democracy, freedom? AA: I think there is something in human nature, a deep instinct, that pushes people towards freedom, yes. People who live in authoritarian countries – and I’ve heard this from them over and over again – sooner or later find themselves angered by a feeling of helplessness. They can see the unfairness of crooked courts, irrational political decisions. They naturally dislike the fact that somebody has all the power while they have none. In those circumstances, people who have no political background at all sometimes are politicized just by that frustration. I’m thinking of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, for example, who was a Belarusian housewife, until the circumstances of her husband’s arrest forced her to become a politician. I met a woman who is a Uyghur from China, and who had come to live in Turkey. After several of her family members were arrested, she too was propelled into a political role. These kinds of experiences make people interested in democracy or political reform, even if they thought they didn’t care. I also think that the opposite is true: some people instinctively prefer homogeneity, order, hierarchy. They don’t like the confrontation of opinions or the noise of debate, and they lean towards a single leader or a unified regime. I think that most of modern history is shaped by the clash between those two different sides of human nature. JC: Which force do you find more powerful today? AA: I think they both have a lot of power and there’s no way of predicting who wins. Even in countries that seem very shut off or stuck in an authoritarian system can change. We’ve seen that happen. And vice versa, I think democracies can also begin to fail and slide into authoritarianism. So it’s very important not to be complacent in either direction. JC: I want to go into your history and your experiences. You’ve lived in Russia during a time of incredible change in the late 80s, and then you came back to do research in post-Soviet Russia. AA: I was a student in Russia just before the collapse of the Soviet Union. I then traveled and worked there extensively in the 1990s, and I met people who really were full of hope. They hoped that Russia could become a democracy, or at least a place that guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of the press. These weren’t ideas that came from Washington. Although now the narrative in the Kremlin is different, I met many people who were working towards exactly that kind of transformation. A friend of mine ran a series of seminars – once a year, and then later several times a year, in cities all over Russia – designed to get people to discuss politics in new ways. She invited young politicians and journalists, as well as foreigners. I went to many of them, in Moscow as well as Volgograd and Novosibirsk. Over two decades, hundreds of people came to these seminars, and all of them wanted Russia to be different. I remain convinced that many Russians still want Russia to be different. It’s just that the old system, in the form of Putin, a representative of that system, returned. The KGB reimposed their power. And this wasn’t because of something to do with culture, this was to do with money and politics, and who was in charge. JC: You’ve partially answered my question... I wanted to ask whether that excitement of the 1990s was an exception from the Russian historical norm which has been rather authoritarian? AA: Of course, if you look at the history of Russia since the 18th century, there have always been liberal groups, reformers and revolutionaries. There were the Decembrists, in the early 19th century, and the rural populists later on, who tried to organize the peasantry. A significant group of liberal Russians appeared at the turn of the 20th century, people like the father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov, who was a Russian politician before the revolution. These groups were small in number, but sometimes had a broader significance. The Russian dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s actually invented the modern human rights movement. It was their idea to hold the leaders of the Soviet Union accountable for the language they used, to remind them of the treaties they had signed and the promised they had made. They created the Helsinki group, for example, that held Soviet leadership to the language of the Helsinki Treaty, which formally ended the Second World War and which contained guarantees of human rights, at least on paper. That idea spread to Eastern Europe, and similar tactics were used here in Poland. (Benjamin Nathans recently wrote a great book about the Soviet dissidents, To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause) JC: But seemingly, even if they do ever get power, they could never hold on to it. AA: We don’t know, because they have never really had power. But in any case, we also don’t know what will happen in the future. There is no reason to assume that Russia will forever be condemned to totalitarianism. Even during the first fifteen years of Putin’s regime there was some form of democratic politics. Only when the full-scale war began did he bring everything to an end: he shut down all remaining independent organizations and killed his most important opponent, Alexi Navalny. But does that mean he is popular, that he enjoys legitimacy? Even now, we don’t really know what Russians think about him, or about the war. There is no way of doing real polling in Russia because nobody will answer an independent pollster over the phone. JC: Do you think that the flock of young people, especially young men, who fled Russia after the start of the war represent a continuation of liberal movements that refuse to partake in the authoritarian state, or do you think they are moving for the sake of self-preservation – “I don’t want to go to the army, so I leave”? AA: I’m sure it’s both. I actually know many people who left Russia for political reasons either in the very last years before the war, or else just after the war began. JC: And do you see a change in the young generation versus the old one that have fled? AA: It’s hard for me to say because the people who I know were mostly already politicized. I do know some younger people who left, but most of them were already either active in the opposition, or working as journalists. Many of them very self-consciously think of themselves as maintaining Russian culture abroad, just as in the 20th century the Soviet dissidents or the anti-communist White Russians once thought of themselves as people who maintained the true Russian culture, outside of Bolshevik Russia. JC: Let’s move on to Poland. One of your first experiences with Poland was reporting on Margaret Thatcher’s first state visit, in the autumn of 1988. You followed her around the farmers’ market. AA: She was making a symbolic gesture. She wanted to welcome free markets, but the only one she could really visit was the farmers’ market at Hala Mirowska. JC: And I want to talk about this area because today you can look out of any window in that district, Mirów, and see rows and rows of skyscrapers. How does it feel to see a country built from the ground in such a short time, both politically and economically? AA: You know, when you’re living in a period of dramatic change, it’s always hard to know whether the change is positive or negative. The transformation in Poland created winners and losers, as well as new classes of people, new political movements of different kinds. At the time, it sometimes just felt like turbulence. Now, we can look back at the 1990s and early 2000s in Poland and see in retrospect that the country was headed in towards prosperity and European integration. In around 2009 or 2010, I remember speaking to a woman who worked cleaning government offices, and who asked me if her daughter should study in Amsterdam or in London. This seemed to me to be a real transformation, and it happened very fast: within a few years, Poles stopped feeling like second-class Europeans, and a generation of younger Poles appeared who had no qualms about crossing borders. JC: We again live in turbulent times. Do you think we’re heading towards positive outcomes? AA: I can’t make predictions, because everything that happens tomorrow depends on what people do today. Also, history doesn’t have a trajectory. It doesn’t move in a particular direction. You only think it does afterwards. As I said, you can look afterwards at Poland in the 1990s and you could say this was a period of great progress. But not everybody at the time saw that. Sometimes people are very wrong about a given country’s trajectory. I remember people writing about Ukraine in the 1990s, about how dangerous it was that Ukraine was independent, that this was going to be an anti-semitic state, that Ukrainian nationalism was going to come back... and although you can say many bad things about Ukraine, the country made many bad choices, actually it became a pretty tolerant state which now has a Jewish president and until recently a Muslim defense minister. JC: In the 1990s Poland’s and Ukraine’s GDP were roughly similar. Ukraine was even a bit richer. So the starting point was similar for both of these countries, but they’ve turned out very, very differently. Even if we stop in 2014. Why do you think Ukraine “chose East”? Was it external influence? AA: No, I think Ukraine was in a different position. First of all, central and eastern Ukraine had been part of the Soviet Union since the 1920s, and had therefore experienced a longer period of occupation, repression, Sovietization and even Russification. Ukraine did not have, as Poland did, an alternative elite: a large cadre of economists and politicians, who already had some experience in opposition politics and in independent thinking. In Poland, the transformative finance minister, Leszek Balcerowicz, had already thought about how an economy might be decentralized before he took office. We can argue about how successful he was, but at least he was prepared to try something new. In Ukraine, people weren’t prepared. For one, there hadn’t been much space even for an illegal opposition in the previous couple of decades. Ukraine was also in many ways still emerging from colonial occupation. For the previous couple of centuries, many of the most capable Ukrainians had moved to Russia, and the first generation of leaders in independent Ukraine tended to be former Soviet apparatchiks. They didn’t immediately seek to become closer to western Europe. Instead, they looked for some kind of economic and political “third way” and an accomodation with Russia. Ukraine became stuck in this position, half-in, half-out and became pretty profoundly corrupt. JC: The Polish alternative elite had a vision of where they wanted the country to go. I think the general perception now is that this vision ends with the next election, right? Is this a natural process of gaining power? AA: Their vision, and it was shared by the time by politicians who now call themselves both left and right, was that Poland should join the EU and NATO, as fast as possible. My husband (Radek Sikorski) was in the very first government that said it wanted to join NATO. At the time this was taken very badly in Washington: the demand for NATO membership absolutely came from Poland, not from the US. But even then, in the early 1990s, many Poles already understood that the Russian sphere of influence would grow once again, that it was important to become part of the transatlantic alliance and an integrated Europe as fast as possible: NATO, the EU, the Council of Europe, all of the trading and security alliances. That consensus lasted through several different governments and over many years, even governments containing former communists. For twenty years, right, left and center disagreed about many things, but they all agreed on the direction that the country should go. In retrospect, that consensus created the basis for prosperity in Poland. JC: And regarding the Polish-Ukrainian relations. We know that antagonisms, e.g. the myth of Wołyń [a massacre of Poles that took place in what is now Western Ukraine, in 1943] are increasingly used in Polish political discourse today. In Ukraine, nationalist historians make heroes out of UPA, the Ukrainian revolutionary army, which is held responsible for this tragedy. Where do you see a start for burying the hatchet? Is the reconciliation of our nations possible? AA: So here’s a strange thing: For more than a decade after they both gained independence, Poland and Ukraine participated in a number of projects that were designed to solve exactly these kinds of Polish-Ukrainian differences. Books were published that were jointly written by Polish and Ukrainian historians, monuments were built. These projects were successful: If you’d asked me this question in 2010, I would have said that there are no real historical issues between Poland and Ukraine, that the two countries had mostly reconciled. For a number of reasons, this began to shift. In Poland, children and grandchildren of victims of the Wołyń massacre felt their tragedy hadn’t been fully recognized. In Ukraine, nationalist groups wanted the UPA partisans who had fought against the Soviet Union recognized for their heroism, despite the fact that some in this broad and not well-defined group were also linked to Wołyń. In both eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the memory of the ethnic cleansing that took place there in the late 1940s - Poles were moved West, Ukrainians East - to accomodate new borders has left feelings of displacement and bitterness. The wave of Ukrainian immigration, which started before the war, may have provoked some of this. But don’t underestimate the role played by Russia, which has always wanted to create discord between Poland and Ukraine, and pumps out propaganda to that effect in both countries. Vandalism on both sides of the border, damage done to cemeteries and monuments, is sometimes carried out by provacateurs working for Russia, just to create bad feelings. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict also hides a different reality: although there are real grievances and bad memories, the truth is that the biggest tragedies both nations experienced in the twentieth century were inflicted by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. That should unite these two countries, not divide them. JC: This week (19.04.2026 – Ed.) in Hungary we saw that using historical narratives to create grievance has no longer worked. Are you optimistic about the direction after Orban’s loss? AA: The Hungarian election was really important because it shows that people can actually resist powerful, dominant propaganda. The ruling party Fidesz controlled all of the TV, 90% of the newspapers, the constitutional court, the bureaucracy... and yet people had the nerve to vote against it and resist it. It’s also an important election because Hungary created a huge network of well-funded think tanks and foundations that were funding other far right groups and projects. So that loss is going to have a knock-on effect in other places too, maybe even in Poland. JC: What you’ve said about resisting propaganda reminds me of one of the interviews you did about talking to Russians in the post-Soviet era who claimed that people knew that the system was lying. Why do people choose to believe in these regimes anyway? AA: Because it’s useful. Stephen Kotkin, an American historian, once described how people would learn how to “speak Bolshevik”: It was just a language that you needed to use in order to get by in society. If you didn’t talk the way the regime wanted you to talk, then you might have problems, or lose your job, or your kids would not get into university. It was a way of getting along. Communist Poland was similar, at least in the early years. When I was writing a book about the Sovietization of Eastern Europe after World War II, I met a lot of people who wanted to talk a lot about the war, when many of them had done really heroic things. But almost nobody wanted to talk about the decade afterwards, between 1945 and 1956. This was when you had the short period of terror, violence and Polish Stalinism. To stay safe, people felt the need to just go along with what others were saying, or stay out of politics, or use communist jargon without necessarily believing it. I don’t judge them for it, and I wouldn’t describe all of those people as collaborators. It’s easy to feel moral certainty in retrospect, because we know that communism ended. But if you were living in 1949, it might not have been clear to you that communism was going to end. In very repressive societies, maybe about 10% of people who are really evil – collaborators, torturers. Maybe 10% of people are really brave and who find ways to resist. And then around 80% of people have kids, they have parents, they have to have jobs and they’ve had to get through it somehow. Strange though it may sound, I’ve found that the work I did on that book is now very useful in explaining some of what’s going on in the United States today. There are plenty of members of the Republican Party in Congress who know perfectly well that Donald Trump says many things that aren’t true. But they avoid criticizing him because it’s inconvenient, because they would get in trouble, because someone would attack them on the internet. So actually you don’t even need mass terror to get people to conform. JC: Is Gen Z reinventing agency? AA: We’ll see. In any generation you can find groups of people who want agency. If you live in a society that’s unfair, for example where a tiny number of people have captured most of the wealth, then at a certain point people rebel. This is always easier for younger people, who have you have less to lose. The question now is how the internet will affect the relationships between citizens and the state, and how it will change organizations. The “Twitter revolutions” people spoke about as early as 2008-9, mass protests organized online, have often proved to be very superficial. Although you can easily join something just by clicking, the work of creating a real movement requires physical participation. Successful mass movements of the past, for example the Civil Rights movement in the United States, were built by people who had spent many years together. They had participated in non-violent workshops together. They practiced and prepared. Just using the you can get everybody to show up at a certain moment, but then when the protest is broken up, nothing happens. It’s also true that the repressive regimes have more recently learned how to use the internet to undermine leaders and movements. Most of all, they now understand how to make people cynical. The form of propaganda that most modern authoritarians use - and I think the Russians really pioneered this - deploys sneering cynicism. Instead of praising the rulers, the regime propagandists mock the opposition movement leadership for being supposedly corrupt or sexually degenerate, with the goal of undermining any kind of idealism. JC: MAGA grew on the internet? AA: MAGA is a real grassroots movement. They had symbols, red hats, they showed up at rallies. But you’re right that the cynicism, the sarcasm and the distrust that the movement embodies came originally from the internet, and this is different. Fifty years ago, most European political parties had a social base in real organizations, in trade unions for Social Democrats, in church groups for Christian Democrats. As people stopped going to church and as the trade unions became smaller, the social base of these parties disappeared. Now people who wouldn’t have known one another in the past meet on the internet and create new movements, many of which don’t last. JC: Is history ending? Going in stale circles? AA: History never ends. In truth, human beings want contradictory things at the same time: order and freedom, stability and change. These things are never resolved, and when a society swings too far in one direction, people always push it the other way. But each time that happens, the result is different. Certainly it is true that we are now in a period when old philosophers and ideas from the 1930s are undergoing a revival. Carl Schmitt, who was a philosopher who was very influential on the Nazis, is back as an influence on both the far left and the far right, once again inspiring people to think that all politics has to be existential, that all politics is about defining and defeating enemies. In the US, some are also bringing back dominionism, the idea that we need a Christian and not a secular state. It’s also true that we are living through a more fundamental shift. The old left-right divide, which was mostly about the size of the state, is much less important now. Instead, we are arguing about more fundamental things: what are our rights, what protects our freedom. Or how much power do we want to give small elites, versus how much power to give ordinary people. In America a small group of very wealthy people now control information, because they control the social media platforms and AI, which means they determine what people will read and learn. Finding a way to preserve preserve zones of autonomy and independent thinking, this is going to be the main task for the next generation. JC: What is the one book that a person interested in Central Europe should read? AA: You could read my book “Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe” which tells the story of how the Soviet Union imposed its culture on the region. Or read Tim Snyder’s history of the region, “The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus 1569-1999.” And everyone should read “The Captive Mind” by Czesław Miłosz, which describes exactly the phenomenon we were talking about: why do people collaborate? I joined Scott Galloway and the brilliant Fiona Hill in a discussion about the wars in Ukraine and Iran, the future of global power, and what these conflicts reveal about America's role in the world. Scott told us that this was the 400th edition of his podcast, which is quite a number: My friend Francesco Chiamulera runs a brilliant series of literary events, Una Colline di Libri, A Hill of Books, in the Prosecco Hills, a region of vineyards and elegant hill towns in the Veneto, north of Venice. We did an event in Vittorio Veneto and also drove and biked around the countryside. Buy Autocracy Inc Buy Iron Curtain Open Letters, from Anne Applebaum is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe
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