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Cancer dominates PFAS conversations — science points elsewhere
Studies link PFAS exposure to cholesterol, immune function, even bone density — findings that rarely make headlines. The cancer question remains open, and the list of what science is still […]
Saints blank Mud Hens for second-straight win
Five pitchers combined on a four-hit shutout as St. Paul made it two wins in a row at Toledo with a 1-0 victory Thursday night. Austin Voth made his second start for the Saints. He didn’t qualify for the win, but struck out eight batters while allowing three hits and four walks over 4 2/3 innings of work. Drew Smith relieved him with two on and two out in the fifth and extinguished the Mud ...
Eagles Sign Offensive Lineman Michael Jordan and Defensive End A.J. Epenesa
Jalen Hurts and the Philadelphia Eagles will not reconvene until training camp in late July after ending mandatory minicamp on Wednesday. The mandatory veteran minicamp took place at the Jefferson Health Training Complex, with players' sights set on their eventual Week 1 matchup against the Washington Commanders. A.J. Brown was still an Eagle when he married Kelsey Nicole Riley on May 16 at the Montage Laguna Beach, a property owned by current United States Ambassador to Italy and Houston Rockets owner Tilman Fertitta.
Principal Charity Classic: Agronomists use science to prepare greens at Wakonda Club
Agronomists play a crucial role in golf tournaments, using advanced tools and techniques to ensure greens are ready for competition at the Principal Charity Classic.
Lexington police searching for man they say robbed business
Lexington police are searching for a robber after someone reportedly stole money from a business on Anniston Drive.
Blue Jays Adjust Alejandro Kirk's Role Ahead of Yankees Series
With Alejandro Kirk nearing a return, the Toronto Blue Jays made a notable adjustment ahead of a pivotal weekend series against the New York Yankees.
Ancient DNA shared with Neanderthals may explain human language
A tiny set of ancient genetic “switches” may have played a surprisingly large role in making human language possible. Researchers found that these DNA regions, which act like volume controls for genes involved in brain development, have an outsized influence on language ability despite making up less than 0.1% of the genome.
Wednesday night Orioles game thread: vs. Mariners, 7:05
Adley Rutschman and Samuel Basallo are both in the starting lineup as the Orioles aim for a series split with Seattle.
Brad Pitt fights for survival in 'Heart of the Beast' trailer as fans say he's 'cooler' than younger actors
Brad Pitt stars as a former Navy Seal fighting for survival in Alaskan wilderness in the new thriller "Heart of the Beast," directed by David Ayer.
Jordyn Woods' lucky Knicks bag is a smart business move for her brand
Jordyn Woods' orange bag has become a source of superstition for Knicks fans, but its role in her game-day attire is also a savvy business move.
Cleve Moler, Who Unlocked the Power of Computing for Millions, Dies at 86
He built interfaces that allowed engineers, scientists and everyday people to solve difficult problems without having to write the underlying code.
Nicole Kidman has perfect reaction to Taylor Swift and the Haim sisters' Knicks T-shirt shoutout
Nicole Kidman shares her reaction to Taylor Swift and the Haim sisters' 'Knickole Kidman' T-shirt at Game 4 of the NBA Finals: 'I just wanna have fun!'
Experts on uptick in political assassinations and polarization in recent years
Immediately after the shootings of two state lawmakers, some called it part of the rise in political violence they have been observing for some time across the country. Minnesota Now host Nina Moini spoke again with two of those experts a year after the attacks.
One of fall's coolest games has been delayed to October to avoid a September crush
Last Sunday, a trailer that aired during an online Xbox event showed Valor Mortis, an upcoming action game that re-imagines the age of Napoleonic wars as a conflict with the plague-ridden undead. It’s a first-person game that mixes Dark Souls-style combat with parkour—it’s from the developers of the acclaimed, fast-paced cyberpunk wall-running Ghostrunner games—and a setting like nothing else that’s out there. Valor Mortis’ trailer concluded with a release date: September 24. But by the time it aired, the teams behind the game knew that was no longer Valor Mortis’ release date. Days ago, they’d learned the hard way that September 24 would be untenable and that they’d have to change it. Today, they’ve announced a new one, October 13, after speaking to Game File about getting out of the bind they recently found themselves in. “When we picked September 24th, it looked like a very, very clear date,” Blake Rochkind, head of publisher Lyrical Games, told me during an impromptu interview on Monday in Los Angeles. “Very quickly it became not such a clear date.” Lyrical and development studio One More Level had a feeling the deate might need to change, Rochkind recalled. But they had to lock in September 24 “many, many weeks” ago. Really, though, who could know if that was the right call when they made it? “There were so many unknowns,” Rochkind said. “This was before Sony State of Play, before Xbox Showcase, before Nintendo Direct, before Summer Games Fest.” Then on Tuesday, June 2, during a PlayStation showcase held just five days before their planned release date reveal, things changed. “As soon as Control announced September 24th, we knew we were moving the date.” It wasn’t just the PlayStation showcase reveal of the release date for Remedy’s upcoming third-person thriller. There were others. And changing their own trailer this close to its airing, Rochkind would later tell me, wasn’t possible.
“Lioness” returns with explosive season 3 trailer: 'I'm scared for you'
The Taylor Sheridan series, starring Zoe Saldaña and Nicole Kidman, is back Aug. 2 on Paramount+.
Who Should the Orioles Target in the 2026 MLB Draft?
The air is getting cleaner, birds are chirping, and the sun is shining brightly. We’re officially nearing the middle of the baseball season as the summer months come in. The Baltimore Orioles are back to their winning ways and are closing in on .500 with a record of 31-36. But before we talk about the […] The post Who Should the Orioles Target in the 2026 MLB Draft? appeared first on The Lead.
Xbox CEO Gives A Good Explanation For Why A Console Now Costs $800
Xbox prices have skyrocketed, but there's a reason for that which is out of Microsoft's control, as the brand's new CEO explains.
Brad Pitt and a dog take on wolves and the Alaskan wilderness in 'Heart of the Beast' trailer
In David Ayer's 'Heart of the Beast,' Brad Pitt stars as a former soldier who is fighting for survival in Alaska alongside his combat dog.
US wholesale inflation rose sharply last month as Iran oil shock continues to drive up business costs
US businesses’ input costs are rising rapidly as the Iran war’s oil shock continues to ripple through the economy.
Social Security is Facing a Political Crisis
On Tuesday the Social Security Trustees released their latest report on the system’s finances. The numbers didn’t change much: Unless something is done, the Old Age Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, Social Security’s official name, will be unable to pay full benefits starting in either 2032 or 2034, depending on some technical issues. That’s not far away: If the Trustees are right, the prospect of a Social Security crisis will loom over the next presidential administration. It’s important to understand, however, the nature of the looming crisis. It won’t be an economic crisis. It won’t even be a serious fiscal crisis. Whatever you may have heard, Social Security isn’t in danger of going bankrupt. What we’re facing, instead, is potential political crisis. Congress and the White House could easily take action to sustain America’s retirement system. But given the current state of our politics, there’s no guarantee that they will. There is a widespread misunderstanding of how Social Security works. While Social Security was designed to look like a pension fund, it isn’t. A pension fund pays benefits out of a stock of assets it has accumulated over time. In contrast, Social Security operates as a government transfer program, like food stamps or Medicaid. Now, unlike food stamps — but like the highway trust fund — Social Security is on paper supported by a dedicated tax, the payroll tax, that is assigned to that program. But I say “on paper” because from an economic point of view assigning the payroll tax to Social Security is just an accounting convention. What matters for the U.S. economy is the overall balance between government spending and government revenue, not the difference between one type of spending and one source of revenue. So there’s no inherent economic significance to the fact that by 2034 payroll tax receipts will be insufficient to cover promised benefits. There is, however, a legislative issue. As long as the Social Security Administration can pay benefits out of payroll taxes and its cash reserve, there’s no need for Congress to vote each year to authorize benefits — they just keep going out until further notice. However, once those resources become insufficient, benefits will fall —by 17 percent according to the Trustees — unless Congress passes new legislation that “tops up” Social Security’s finances. Yet the current administration and Republican party are such extremists that there is a real risk that Social Security will be held hostage on behalf of their goals. If this should come to pass, the hostage-takers will claim that shoring up Social Security is unaffordable. Right on cue, Mike Johnson, the Trump-sycophant Speaker of the House, declared on Monday that “entitlement programs” like Social Security “have to be adjusted and fixed,” and that Republicans will introduce a plan to that effect next year. But this is a ploy, because while the cost of maintaining Social Security benefits at their promised level isn’t trivial, it is in fact affordable. According to the Trustees’ report, the actuarial balance of OASDI up through 2050 — the amount of additional funds it would need to keep paying full benefits for the next 25 years — is 1.06 percent of GDP. To put that number in perspective, the Trump administration proposes increasing military spending next year by $420 billion, equivalent to about 1.4 percent of GDP – without any discussion of whether that’s affordable Yet how did we get to the point where Social Security will need to be topped up? The main answer is that we have an aging population, with a growing ratio of retirees collecting benefits to workers paying into the system: Trump’s anti-immigration policies are making this problem worse. According to the Trustees’ report, lower immigration will deepen Social Security’s financial hole because many immigrants are working-age adults who will pay into the system for decades before they collect benefits. In fact, this problem may be much bigger than the report acknowledges: The report’s baseline assumption is that we’ll have net immigration of almost 1.2 million people a year, and even the pessimistic case assumes 750,000 a year. Meanwhile actual net immigration has already been cut far below that — and may now be negative. Moreover, Social Security is being financially damaged by growing income inequality in America. Payroll taxes are levied only on wages up to $184,500, and they don’t touch capital income. With the distribution of income increasingly shifting from labor to capital, as well as becoming more unequal among wage-earners, revenue from the Social Security payroll tax has been falling as a share of national income. From 1990 to 2024, it fell from 5.02 percent of gross domestic income to 4.46 percent. Which brings me to the question that, these days, we ask about everything: How might Social Security be affected by the advent of AI? A short answer: If, as many of us fear, AI accelerates rising income inequality, it will further reduce the payroll tax receipts that currently pay for Social Security and further endanger its finances. On the other hand, if AI, as its advocates promise, leads to faster economic growth, it will increase the potential tax base that could and should be used to support Social Security and other social insurance programs. But to take advantage of that larger base, we’ll have to get serious about taxing wealth and capital income. Is Social Security in trouble? Yes, but only because of the way its financing is currently structured — a structure that no longer works well because our society and economy have become so unequal. Moreover, Trump’s immigration policies are further endangering its already deteriorating financial condition. So don’t believe Republicans’ gaslighting that it will be necessary to cut Social Security benefits. All that is necessary to preserve Social Security is political will to raise taxes on the wealthy and a sensible immigration policy. MUSICAL CODA Actually 67 under current law.
Americans Care About Their Oral Health, But Few Cite Whole Body Health as Associated. Crest and Oral-B Are Here to Change That.
New Survey from P&G and American Academy of Family Physicians Reveals 76% of Americans Say They Care About Their Oral Health, But When Polled, Only 3% of Americans Associate Oral Health with Whole Body Health
NBA Finals: Spurs hit record 14 3-pointers in dominant first half before blowing 29-point lead to Knicks in Game 4
The Knicks rallied back from a 29-point hole to win Game 4 of the NBA Finals on Wednesday night.
Person dies, another hospitalized for leptospirosis, public health officials say
The two people, who officials said were breeding rats in an RV, represent Berkeley's first known human cases of leptospirosis in a decade.
The secret to healthy aging could be hiding in skeletal muscle
The powerful role of exercise in maintaining skeletal muscle could be the key to improving health and resilience in older age, according to new research from Monash University. The new research, published ...
$500K trade show trailer stolen from Henderson business; owner asks public for help
GCSU hosts Summer Science Program as top high schoolers research asteroids
This June, Georgia College & State University (GCSU) is hosting the prestigious Summer Science Program (SSP), where top high school researchers will track aster
City of Houston passes Whitmire’s $7.5-billion budget for Fiscal Year 2027
Houston City Council approved Mayor John Whitmire’s budget with a vote of 15 to 1. Council Member Edward Pollard, the sole “no” vote, argued the plan was “fiscally irresponsible.”
Seminole County ranks 3rd in Central Florida rabies exposures, health department says
Seminole County is ranked third in rabies exposure in Florida, with incidents going beyond people's homes, according to health officials.
Winston Marshall: UK politicians ‘won’t do anything’ to stop violence
WARNING: Graphic content — Grammy-winning musician Winston Marshall discusses a Sudanese migrant accused in the stabbing of a Belfast man in Northern Ireland on ‘The Will Cain Show.’
Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo proposing mental health leave policy for all county employees
In 2023, Hidalgo took a two-month leave of absence from her role as the county's top elected official to receive treatment for clinical depression at an inpatient care facility outside of Texas.
Pragmatic and Polite Right
Pragmatic and Polite Right hold a mix of conservative, moderate and somewhat liberal issue positions: They skew more conservative on economics and the role of government, while tilting more liberal on issues related to race and in their orientation to the rest of the world. They are also moderate in their style, prizing civility and […]
Ubisoft closing studios in Winnipeg and Belgrade and cutting publishing roles worldwide, 380 jobs at risk
Latest round of cuts includes refocusing Barcelona studio on Rainbow Six, with an unknown number of roles affected
Ubisoft cutting jobs and shutting Winnipeg and Belgrade studios
The French publisher could eliminate up to 380 roles.
Public transport and businesses shut down amid fears of further violence
Additional police officers will be on the streets after violence erupted on Tuesday night following a knife attack in Belfast.
Xbox CEO Admits the Console Arms Race Has Gone Too Far
If the console market wants to survive, we need cheaper alternatives.
Gears of War: E-Day – Everything We Learned Behind Closed Doors at Xbox
IGN interviews The Coalition to find out more on Xbox console exclusive Gears of War: E-Day.
I went into Halo: Campaign Evolved thinking it didn't need to exist, but after playing two levels I want full remakes of the original trilogy and Reach
Alright, fine. Halo: Campaign Evolved is good, actually, and all my doubts about the remake of the remake have been quashed. For now.
Provident Entertainment Elevates Two
Provident Entertainment has elevated Josie Hardin and Reagan Hughes to director-level roles [...]
Jack Innanen offered “Heated Rivalry” season 2 role but couldn't accept due to production conflicts (exclusive)
Fans have long dream-cast the "Adults" and "Big Mistakes" star for the new season, which is set for 2027.
Jim Irons, Former Landsat Project Scientist, Wins Pecora Award
Landsat’s Jim Irons won the prestigious William T. Pecora Award. Irons, now an emeritus scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, played an integral role in shaping the Landsat program into what it is today.
NASA Webb Finds Strongest Evidence Yet for ‘Black Hole Stars’
The complex puzzle known as little red dots has become more complete since their initial discovery by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in 2022. Now a
Johnson Continues American College Health Association Service
Meredith College's Director of Student Health and Wellness, Mary Johnson, DNP, FNP-BC, CWP, continues to serve in leadership roles within the Southern College Health Association (SCHA), the regional affiliate of the American College Health Association (ACHA).
Why 'Heated Rivalry' season 2 hopeful Jack Innanen couldn't make role work
Jack Innanen, a longtime 'Heated Rivalry' hopeful, was offered a season 2 role, but the 'Adults' and 'Big Mistakes' star couldn't accept due to production conflicts, EW can confirm.
Google TV Streamer update unlocks a major hidden upgrade for your smart home setup
The Google TV Streamer received its first major 2026 update, adding the April patch and Thread 1.4 for a convenient smart home experience.
What The Karmelo Anthony Case Reveals About Bullying, Adolescent Mental Health, And The Conflicts We Ignore Until It's Too Late
The conviction of Texas teenager Karmelo Anthony has sparked national debate about race, justice, and accountability. But what happens when bullying, adolescent mental health struggles, and unresolved conflict are ignored
Foley Hoag Advises Vesica Health in Sale to Photocure ASA
Learn more about the latest updates in legal, with expert commentary and insights from trusted attorneys from Foley Hoag LLP. Foley Hoag is a professional community of highly qualified attorneys from all over the US.
MCWS 2026: College baseball has become a perfect parity showcase
With a whole new set of teams competing in the MCWS yet again, nothing needs to change in college baseball.
Xbox exploring ‘radically different’ console business models
Microsoft is re-evaluating its plans for Project Helix and considering new ways to lower Xbox console costs.
Xbox exploring ‘radically different’ console business models
Microsoft is re-evaluating its plans for Project Helix and considering new ways to lower Xbox console costs.
Her boyfriend is handsome, attentive and always emotionally available. The catch? He's made of pixels.
Romance role-playing otome games, like "Love and Deepspace," have exploded in popularity in recent years and offer a reprieve from the bleak dating scene for many of their female fans.
Xbox Boss Says a Mass Audience Can't Afford 'Thousands of Dollars' to Spend on a Next-Gen Console, So Microsoft Must 'Look at New Business Models'
The spiralling cost of new and existing consoles will require "radically different business models" over the coming generation, Xbox boss Asha Sharma has said.
SpaceX Owns a Real Business That Makes Big Money
A simple view of SpaceX is that it’s a low-cost rocket launcher that created the profitable Starlink satellite business and which is now burning cash to build orbital data centers and colonize Mars. Starlink doesn’t have the lead role in SpaceX’s $1.8 trillion initial public offering. But it is the real business inside the company, and the telecoms industry and its regulators can ill afford to be complacent about the disruptive threat it poses.
Xbox CEO Asha Sharma teases "radically different business models", hints at potentially cheaper console to arrive this year
Xbox's newly-appointed CEO has hinted at what could be a major shakeup to the console model business that could help it navigate the RAM apocalypse
Peter Kyle’s quest for UK’s first $1tn firm is honourable, but he is overselling state activism
Business secretary exaggerates role of the British Business Bank and the National Wealth Fund in nurturing firms
Pate lauds new Iowa law targeting fake business filings
Iowa Secretary of State Paul Pate says a new state law is a good first step to address scammers using an actual Iowa address when filling out online forms to register the name of a fake business. “What they’re doing to these poor homeowners is now setting them up for concern about what liabilities they […]
AWS executive asked staff to recruit laid off Meta employees
AWS Chief Marketing Officer Julia White discussed efforts to fill open roles and curb attrition, according to a recording of the meeting.
Health care’s AI dividend is real. The fight now is over who reaps the gains
Also: All the news and watercooler chat from Fortune.
Xbox CEO outlines strategy to prioritise cost-efficiency and exclusive titles over premium hardware
"We will continue to look at new business models – that's what is needed rather than premium, high-performance consoles," says Asha Sharma
Meet the Researcher: Jianbin Ruan, UConn Health
Jianbin Ruan's lab studies how our immune system works at the molecular level, paving the way for better treatments
Sydney Sweeney hopes cut “Euphoria” pole-dancing scene is released: 'I put a lot of hard work into that'
The actress played Cassie on the HBO drama for all three seasons.
Xbox Getting Creative About Next-Gen Consoles To Deal With Cost
Asha Sharma keeps hinting at a big problem
Pitching Woes Resume: Dbacks 6, Marlins 10
The Dbacks dropped the series opener in Miami on Tuesday 10-6 as the Arizona pitching was unable to keep any momentum this whole game long. The Dbacks offense would score, and then the pitching would immediately cough the lead right back up. The offense would come back, and then the pitching would give the lead […]
Sydney Sweeney hopes her cut 'Euphoria' pole-dancing scene is released: 'I put a lot of hard work into that'
Sydney Sweeney, who played Cassie on 'Euphoria,' says there was a pole-dancing scene that was cut. Here's why she was disappointed.
'We'll Start To See Radically Different Business Models' - Xbox Boss Talks Future Of Consoles
She says mass audiences can't afford thousands on a console generation
Trump stands by decision to name Pulte to intel role, despite revolt in Congress that could block spy powers renewal
New York Yankees @ Cleveland Guardians: Gerrit Cole vs. Slade Cecconi
The Yankees’ ace looks to bounce back against the team that handed him his first loss in 627 days.
Scientists uncover RNA's hidden role as protein chaperone
Proteins are how cells get work done. They carry out nearly every important cellular task, from ferrying messages to controlling which genes are turned on or off. And in order for proteins to perform ...
NC State investigating LSU over Will Wade’s departure. Could legal action be next?
NC State is refusing to release LSU from potential legal action tied to Wade’s acrimonious departure while it looks into what role LSU played and whether it violated trade laws.
Giant 120-sided ‘Dungeons and Dragons’ dice highlights every element
The chunky aluminum die is perfect for roleplaying games and chemistry class.
Victor Wembanyama, other NBA Finals players condemn violence after Spurs fans attacked following Game 3: 'It's unacceptable'
University of Vermont Health eliminates 76 jobs, restructures 66 roles
Dozens of jobs are either being eliminated or restructured at the University of Vermont Health Network as administrators work to streamline services and reduce massive financial strain.
Ahead of Apple MacBook Ultra: macOS 27 gets touchscreen support
With the MacBook Ultra, Apple will soon be launching its first laptop with an OLED touchscreen. The first beta version of macOS 27 already shows that macOS is being prepared for this laptop, as the system can be officially operated via touchscreen for the first time.
Cooley Dickinson Hospital earns top LGBTQ+ healthcare rating
Cooley Dickinson Hospital has been named an “LGBTQ+ Health Care Equality Leader” for the seventh consecutive time by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation.
Xenoblade Genesis reveals director, composers, character designers
Nintendo didn’t have a whole lot to say about Xenoblade Genesis following the Direct reveal, but we now have information about its director, composers, and character designers. First up, Tetsuya Takashi is acting as general director. That shouldn’t come as a big surprise given his involvement with the franchise and Monolith Soft as a whole. Yoko Shimomura is the main...
Minecraft coming Nintendo Switch 2
We’re excited to announce that a native version of Minecraft is coming for Nintendo SwitchTM 2! This version of Minecraft is optimized to take advantage of the console’s more powerful hardware – and what’s exciting is it also allows us to bring Vibrant Visuals to the Switch 2.
Colts Owner and CEO Carlie Irsay-Gordon named to Time100 Most Influential People in Sports for 2026
Irsay-Gordon assumed the role as Colts Owner and CEO last year following the passing of her father, Jim Irsay.
WSU study finds father’s health before conception may affect future children
A father's health before conception may play a role in the future health of his children, according to new research from Washington State University.The study h
Longtime CBS Chicago sports anchor Ryan Baker departing for new role in nonprofit sector
Longtime CBS News Chicago sports and news anchor/reporter Ryan Baker announced he will be leaving his role after nearly 20 years to enter a new chapter in the nonprofit sector.
Hubble Science in the 2030s White Paper: High-Contrast Optical and UV Spectroscopy with HST/STIS
The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope currently stands as the sole space-based astronomical facility providing visible-light coronagraphic imaging — and the only facility anywhere that can perform both visible- and ultraviolet-light coronagraphic spectroscopy. In imaging, STIS offers unparalleled stability that rivals the performance of ground-based direct imaging in the optical, […]
From Classroom to Racetrack: How Charlie Baur is Building a Motorsports Career in a Business Discipline
Charlie Baur can trace his racing story back to a Christmas morning in Michigan — the kind that starts with snow on the ground and ends with a throttle in a kid’s hands. “I remember being 3 years old and then for Christmas that year, my parents had gotten me a 120 cc snowmobile,” Baur said. Long before sprint cars, he was a Michigan kid on snowmobiles, dirt bikes, four-wheelers and jet skis — and a regular at car shows and races with his family. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur That early exposure became a calling. At 12, he sat in a sprint car for the first time and knew he’d found the next chapter. He started in quarter midgets, moved to go-karts, and the day before he turned 16 — one day shy of the minimum age required by track insurance — he made his first sprint car start after convincing officials to let him race. Five years later, Baur is still pushing forward, now racing sprint cars on both pavement and dirt while pursuing an automotive business education at Northwood University — with a clear-eyed understanding that motorsports encompasses more than what happens under the lights on Saturday night. “It’s a business,” said Charlie, a 20-year-old who calls Fenton, Michigan, home when he’s not at a racetrack or at Northwood’s residential campus in Midland, Michigan. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Racing is the product — but preparation is the job To the average fan, race day begins around dinner time. For a team, race day can be a 12-hour shift — plus the work that came before it. And Baur’s racing operation is a family affair. “The team is my parents and myself,” he said, explaining they own the cars, maintain equipment and manage the business side — from sponsor relations to budgeting. On race weekends, the core group includes Baur and his parents (Eric and Stefanie), plus a couple of additional hands (Alex Photiou and Robert Flannigan) who help with the intensity and pace of trackside work. That structure has shaped how he thinks about efficiency and professionalism. “We’ve always kind of had the mentality of we’re never working on the car for maintenance at the track,” he said. “Our goal is to do as little work as possible to the car because it should be ready when that car rolls out of the trailer to go racing.” That mindset shows up in routines: bolt checks, tire procedures, safety equipment and a repeatable process designed to limit errors. “Once I fire the car up and put my helmet on, that’s when it’s go time,” he said. “You can plan as much as possible for how the race is going to play out, but until you take the green flag … you don’t know how it’s going to go.” Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur First-generation driver, student of the game In racing, “first-generation” matters — and Baur wears that label with pride. “A lot of the drivers are third or fourth generation,” he said. “My family has never been in motorsports. So for me, we’ve always looked at it as we’re new to it and we want to be as different as possible. From a marketing standpoint, it helps us stand out.” It also pushes him to seek out mentors — especially veteran drivers who have seen every scenario, solved every problem and won in multiple eras. Baur credits accomplished driver Jason Blonde, a 10-time champion, for becoming his driver coach and helping him develop as a competitor. “To me, learning from Jason helps me because he has had lots of success and knows what to do,” Baur said. “You have to humble yourself and say, ‘I don’t know what to do; can you help me out?’” That willingness to learn extends off the track, too. Baur says one of his biggest challenges is not a mechanical limitation, but credibility. “It’s my age,” he said. “Some people won’t take me seriously because I’m so young. Even though … I do know what we’re talking about and have a general idea.” His answer has been to out-prepare, out-communicate and treat the operation like a real enterprise — because it is. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Northwood’s role: Turning passion into a plan Baur is majoring in automotive aftermarket management and pursuing an accelerated path that pairs undergraduate study with graduate work. He’s also exploring how to align his studies with motorsports-focused coursework as Northwood advances related programs and pathways. He sees the value clearly: motorsports needs business-literate professionals who understand budgets, sponsorship, marketing, operations and long-term strategy — and who can translate between the language of the shop and the language of the boardroom. That’s why his Northwood experience isn’t limited to the classroom. He has been involved with the Northwood University International Auto Show and serves as motorsports chair — a leadership role that demands outreach, contracts, coordination and a steady professional demeanor. “There’s so much outside work that makes the auto show successful that people don’t realize,” he said. “And it is truly student led.” He’s also participated in industry experiences through Northwood at major events such as AAPEX, SEMA and PRI, along with other automotive networking events — opportunities he describes as a fast track to understanding how business really gets done. “You learn a lot in the classroom,” he said. “But if you learn it and you can’t apply it to the real world, it loses its value. Or if you learn it and can apply it, but you don’t know anyone, it is still of no value.” In his words, Northwood helps him win because it “gives me the tools to succeed” — including flexibility and faculty support as he balances travel and racing commitments with academics. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Racing as an ecosystem — and a talent gap waiting to be filled Baur is blunt about what he sees across the motorsports world: a deep bench of experienced professionals, and not enough young talent entering the pipeline. “I go to car shows, I go to these different events, and typically … the average age is between 45 to 55,” he said. “There’s not a lot of young people going into the motorsports world.” That reality reinforces Northwood’s communications focus: positioning motorsports not as a narrow lane, but as a wide ecosystem of business careers — sponsorship, logistics, data, media, leadership, hospitality and innovation — with real demand for prepared graduates. It also shapes how Baur talks to younger students who love racing but aren’t sure what their future looks like. “If you have a passion for motorsports, there’s gonna be a spot for you somewhere,” he said, emphasizing that driving is only one of many career paths — and that local tracks and hands-on experience are often the best first step. But if someone is interested in driving as a career path, it will take a team to make that happen. Baur’s team includes Stahl’s Motors and Music Experience, Rhino Racing, Randy Wise Buick GMC Chevrolet, Western Michigan Fleet Parts, Mother’s Polish, Schaeffer’s Oil, Hepfner Racing Products, Ameriguard Storage Centers, Justice Brothers, Race 1 Wraps, TBM Brakes, Behind Your Design, CharlieBaur.com and Northwood University. “There are so many people who invest not only in myself but in my race team and who believe in us to succeed,” he added. Pictured: Charlie Bauer’s sprint race car. Looking ahead: A headline worth chasing Ask Baur to imagine 2035, and he’ll give you two answers — one dream, one blueprint. “In a perfect world,” he said, “winning the Indy 500.” Realistically, he wants to build a life where business ownership and racing reinforce each other and where he can pay forward the help he has received by mentoring younger drivers, especially those trying to break into motorsports without a family legacy. “When I retire from full-time racing, I want to be able to provide the same opportunities that were presented to myself to the next generation of drivers,” Baur said. “I know how difficult it is to get your foot in the door.” For now, the focus is simple: keep building the operation, keep learning the business, and keep showing up prepared — because in sprint car racing, as in life, process matters. And once the helmet goes on? “It’s go time,” Baur said. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Learn more Students interested in motorsports careers — whether in competition, team operations, marketing, finance, sponsorship, data, or management — can explore opportunities through Northwood University’s Center for Automotive and Mobility Studies. For Charlie Baur’s latest motorsports adventures, follow Charlie_Baur and Charlie Baur Racing on social media. To learn more about Northwood’s Bachelor of Business Administration in Automotive and Mobility Studies and motorsports management concentration, visit www.northwood.edu/programs/automotive-mobility-studies/. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Pictured: Charlie Baur at Butler Motor Speedway on May 31, 2026. Share this page
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We can create the future of science right now
Paul Litvak is the founder and Executive Director of the Robyn Dawes Institute and a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley. He has a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research from Carnegie Mellon where he studied emotions and the sunk cost bias. Over 15 years in industry, he solved a wide range of challenging technical problems. At Meta he created models optimizing the ad review process. At Google he ran experiments to measure social influence. At Airbnb, he was a product manager leading machine learning teams optimizing search ranking and price suggestions. He also co-founded and led product at Rhythmic Health, a venture-backed biosensing startup, creating an accurate low cost system using a color changing strip and a smart phone to measure salivary lactate. The bottleneck At this point, it is uncontroversial to say that science needs to stop using the PDF article as the unit of knowledge and currency. The unbearable slowness of scientific publishing, the profit motive and margins: I’m not saying anything new. The PDF also sucks because it’s hard to extract structured information, which makes it hard to do evidence synthesis. As a result, we do much less evidence synthesis than is needed. And evidence synthesis ultimately undergirds most policy and medical decision-making. I can see second-by-second real-time odds for any sporting or newsworthy event, but a school board can’t see the best evidence on whether their 8th graders should be taught algebra. As a society, we don’t treat this as an important problem. Again, not controversial. Not only is the problem well understood, but the solution has already been laid out. What we need is AI-assisted living evidence synthesis - (1) an open knowledge graph of atomic claims, (2) claims linked to evidence, (3) assessment and synthesis of each piece of evidence, and (4) continuous updating with new data. What few realize (yet) is that the technical capacity to build this vision for a significant portion of science already exists. Not only that, scientists and startup teams are already building many of these components. I know this because I’ve been surveying the space and talking to many of the builders. There are some missing pieces: for example, evaluations of how well some of the components work. But at this point, most of what’s missing is a fully end-to-end working integration of all of these parts. In the rest of this essay, I’m going to lay out all the parts of a working living evidence layer for science and who is working on them, and propose concrete next steps for building this system. What’s now possible The diagram above outlines the components of a living evidence synthesis platform, including some of the teams working on each component1. Scientific PDFs are processed into claims with associated evidence. The evidence is subjected to a forensic audit, methodological evaluation and robustness and reproducibility checks. Finally it’s given a weight in a continuously updating synthesis. What follows is a description and status of each component and a few of the teams working on them. Document understanding The first thing you need to be able to do is turn an article into structured data. Mostly that means parsing PDFs. There are often multicolumn layouts that confuse non-specialized PDF to text processing libraries. For scientific papers, there is the added complexity of parsing formulas and tables and figures. This is a really hot area - there are startups offering APIs, and it seems like a new open source package gets posted to Github every few weeks. What follows isn’t exhaustive. A package called GROBID was the state of the art for a while, they didn’t update their package for nearly two years until very recently. In the meantime reducto.ai released an AI powered PDF extraction API, PaddleOCR became popular, IBM released a model called Docling, and both Mistral and Gemini created models and libraries. I also know of at least one other well-funded psychology research group working on a paper parser. By contrast, there are few open evals in this space, with no extensive evals for complex table comprehension in particular. Nonetheless, I’m confident this will be a solved problem soon, given the combination of LLM advances and developer interest. Hypothesis level extraction There has been increasing interest in comprehending the extracted text of papers and linking information to evidence for each hypothesis. A lot of work has already been done. Trialstreamer (Marshall et al. 2020) and RobotReviewer LIVE (Marshall et al. 2023) demonstrated automated extraction of trial population, intervention, and outcome at scale on clinical RCTs. PaperQA2 (Skarlinski et al. 2024) and Ai2 ScholarQA (2024) extended this to retrieval-augmented question answering with citation grounding. Elicit, Consensus, and SciSpace operationalized claim-level extraction for end users. OpenEval (Booeshaghi et al. 2026) is the most recent and most ambitious: 1.96 million atomic claims extracted from 16,087 eLife manuscripts using Claude Sonnet 4.5, grouped into ~299,000 results, with LLM evaluations showing 81% agreement with human peer review on a 2,487-paper subset. None of these solutions link claims to test-statistics, as you would need to evaluate randomized controlled trials. This is why I built the evidence.guide API - to extract hypotheses and associated test statistics from behavioral science papers. The best public eval of this kind of extraction I’m aware of comes from the recent SCORE project - they had humans code thousands of psychology papers to extract their claims by hand. It would be extremely helpful to the world if all scientific PDFs were available as structured open data. I’ve been working to make this happen, both directly at Berkeley and through coordination with large entities I can’t yet speak of; as hard as it is to do, I think it’s possible2. Forensic audit A lot of work has been done on forensic audit, but some gaps remain. Of course, for biology papers that rely on images for evidence, there are a variety of tools (notably Proofig and ImageTwin) to spot anomalies. These are still well short of what sleuths like Elizabeth Bik can do on her own, but these tools are constant companions among fraud analysts. There’s someone working on auditing Excel files for anomalies, and a number of teams are automating numerical checks like GRIM and SPRITE, including Scrutiny project, the INSPECT-SR team as well as statcheck. The regcheck team is building a way to use AI to compare preregistrations to analyses in papers, to ensure there aren’t significant deviations. Nonetheless, there are many other kinds of anomalies to screen for, both public and less publicly known. And there are no formal evals for anomaly detection that I’m aware of. Still, there’s a lot to draw from in this space and I’m pretty certain we will be able to scan papers for most kinds of obvious anomalies in the near future. Methodological review This area has been white hot, though I fear for many of the startups in this space, because this capability may become commoditized. There are at least six different AI peer review companies, including Refine.ink, Reviewer3, ReviewerZero.ai, Q.E.D. Science, Paper Wizard, and Isitcredible. Coarse (a pun on refine) was also recently created as an open source alternative. These systems provide qualitative feedback on the content of papers, spotting methodological weaknesses and mathematical errors. They seem to work pretty well, and many academics report bitterly that they exceed the average quality of typical peer reviewers. But there are few evals here either. What evals exist so far involve using LLM-as-judge (circularity problems abound) or comparing against human reviews of questionable quality. What you’d ideally want is an eval that measures capturing known errors in papers3. Reproducibility and robustness Another active area has been using AI agents to automate computational reproducibility4 and robustness5 checks in papers that report numerical results. For more recent papers where data and code are available, AI agents can see whether they can re-run the analyses and produce the numbers reported in the published paper. In addition to a handful of individual academics who have been experimenting using Claude Code for this, the Institute for Replication is a leading group working on building an end to end system. The evals related to this problem are the most mature, with CORE-Bench (Siegel, Kapoor, Narayanan 2024) and PaperBench (OpenAI 2025) available to benchmark agents on this task. There is also work on getting AI agents to test alternative ways of analyzing the data to ensure the results are robust to small analytic design choices. Synthesis This is the most underdeveloped area where significant investment is required. Although some automated evidence synthesis systems exist — for example, otto-sr is building an AI agent to write systematic reviews — none of these incorporate the full range of paper level signals to weight evidence appropriately. Nor is there anything like an eval or a gold standard for a good systematic review. Arguably Cochrane reviews are the closest we have to gold standard human systematic reviews, though I’ve heard academics in the know complain about their uneven quality. A key question for a synthesis platform is how to weight anomalies and methodological issues in assessing the quality of a piece of evidence. This is an unsolved problem and one I’m very keen to work on. Continuous updating There are many pieces of basic infrastructure available for monitoring for new research and initiating updates. OpenAlex is the current open citation graph. Retraction Watch integrated into Crossref in October 2023. Scite tracks how citations support, contrast, or mention prior claims. The Living Evidence Network demonstrated continuous-update workflows in clinical guidelines. Engineering this is a relatively straightforward task. When you look over this technical architecture and all the progress being made, it’s hard not to be optimistic that a living guide to scientific evidence will be built. The stakeholders are ready The social infrastructure for this is starting to coalesce — it’s not just a pie in the sky academic exercise to imagine this coming into existence. Institutions like the Center for Open Science, the Institute for Replication, the INSPECT-SR, the Living Evidence Network and more are all working on scaling work to improve research quality. Funders are also aligned. The Sloan Foundation has funded living evidence work through COS. Coefficient Giving supports the Institute for Replication and COS. The Astera Institute and the Institute for Progress have shown interest in this space. NIH has established an Office for Replication and Reproducibility. Although there are (very unfortunately) serious headwinds in science funding generally, there is an active group of funders interested in metascience. A brief word about what I’ve been doing at RDI. First, as a Visiting Scholar at Berkeley I’ve been actively figuring out how a non-profit and a public university can conduct and make public the results of large-scale academic article data mining. With some of the money I raised from donors, I commissioned a legal analysis of recent case law and publisher text data mining (TDM) agreements in order to understand whether a massive open data mining of academic articles is possible (with caveats, it is). I’ve also been working to bring together stakeholders in this space, and identify gaps. I’ve also been doing some software development in this space, with more to come. A pilot proposal The assumption undergirding all of this is that an AI, given all this information, would make the right judgment about a scientific claim with lots of conflicting evidence, weighing all the factors appropriately. That’s the hypothesis we need to test. Randomized control trial research is the best place to focus on first. RCTs are used to make many of the important decisions in society - from medical trials to public policy changes. And they use a relatively uniform set of inferential statistics with lots of known and available diagnostics. Behavioral science experiments, within the broader realm of RCTs, should be first used as a testbed whose results can be generalized. Because behavioral science is at the vanguard of open science practices, replications abound (there are thousands of them) to serve as ground truth training data. Key Hypothesis Therefore the pilot would test, in behavioral RCTs that have been replicated, whether the quality of evidence for a claim can be used to accurately predict whether that claim will replicate. Secondary Hypotheses Compared to claims that replicated, non-replicated claims demonstrate a greater share of forensic anomalies in their source literatures. Hypothesis level claim and statistic extraction is accurate enough to scale living evidence without onerous human review costs. Replication prediction is more accurate than prediction markets6 or journal prestige. If all the different quality signals we gather do accurately predict which studies will replicate, then we can use that model to score evidence to power the living evidence layer. Why this is informative regardless of outcome If the pilot succeeds, the architecture extends to medical RCTs (where Living Evidence already operates and integration is mostly about claim representation), then to slices of basic biology with stable replication structure. If it fails, the field learns which quality signals are load-bearing and which ones metascience has oversold. Either result is a contribution to knowing what the literature supports. Implications for funders Because this burgeoning ecosystem of builders already exists, a well-informed philanthropic or government funder could play a crucial catalyzing role in bringing this future about. They could play at least three roles: creating open structured datasets, publishing open benchmarks and incentivizing the solving of key technical challenges. First, open archives of papers that the government maintains, like PubMed, could be turned into structured data amenable to large scale metascience and claim aggregation. I know the US government already has an interest in doing this, though some key open questions remain unanswered. How do you determine the best models and systems for accurately extracting information from papers? How can you establish a robust way to allow researchers to flag errors and correct them? And finally, how do you create a legal regime in working with publishers to maximize the scope of available papers? For the latter, a university or a private philanthropy may be better positioned to make structured data publicly available under journal subscription terms or fair use. Philanthropists or government funders could also coordinate to create or commission benchmarks that evaluate whether important problems have been solved. For example, an open benchmark for claim extraction from a range of different scientific article types would be extremely helpful. Ensuring the underlying data are accurate is vital for creating these evaluations. I’ve discussed opportunistically using various human-created datasets for this purpose, but a consistent problem is that errors in human data make it difficult for them to serve as a gold standard. Finally, with structured data and benchmarks available, the government or private philanthropy could use them to incentivize groups to develop machine learning systems that meet these benchmarks. Prizes are one potentially valuable tool for this. For example, you could establish a prize for a system that accurately updates a living meta-analysis for a small set of claims. Prizes are particularly useful as signals of problem importance, and can help create vibrant ecosystems of public and private research—see, for example the role the government played in kickstarting the current work on nuclear fusion. Conclusion The drawbacks of the current scientific publishing system are known. Scientists agree, metascientists agree, philanthropists agree: the published PDF plus citation graph isn’t the right substrate for maintaining a representation of the evidence base in science. The pieces needed to build the alternative either already exist or are rapidly taking shape. The community is forming around exactly this problem, with concrete partnerships and shared infrastructure. A pilot should start on behavioral science RCTs because that’s the slice of empirical science most amenable to legibility, where replication ground truth is richest, and where the failure modes are best documented. What’s been missing is the galvanizing mission to assemble these pieces into something that works. That’s what I’m proposing to build. *** 1 I have a broader field map that I’ll release publicly soon. This is me, building in public! 2 If this is something that you are excited about, please reach out and talk to me. 3 More on this very soon too! 4 This tests whether, given the code and the data, you can get the same statistics as reported in the published paper. 5 This tests whether the results are the same as a paper’s given alternative analytical decisions in conducting the analysis (like outlier omission). Closely related is the idea of a “multiverse” where you come up with many different ways of answering the same underlying research question with the same data, and test whether the results hold in all those alternative methods. There’s been work on the latter as well. 6 Some of the replications, e.g. those from the SCORE project, had paired the experiments with forecasts from prediction markets. So we get to look at this for free.
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