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Trump takes extraordinary steps to target midterms, alarming critics

Trump's election moves include a redistricting push, seeking to restrict voting and floating a $5,000 payment to every American adult if the GOP wins.

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Oct 5 • 3:00 AM EDT • Politics • usatoday.com
The genetic secret helping bats survive a deadly epidemic

We’re easing you into Halloween season with an episode about bats. There’s a silent serial killer decimating little brown bats as they hibernate. White nose syndrome has driven populations across the U.S. to almost the brink of extinction over the last decade. But recently, conservation biologist Giorgia Auteri and her team noticed several genetic mutations in the survivors. These mutations could explain how natural selection has shifted the existing population – and inform conservation efforts in the future.Interested in more animal science? Email us your question at shortwave@npr.org.Support public media with NPR+ and enjoy perks for over 25 podcasts like this one. This show’s perks include sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org.

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Oct 5 • 3:00 AM EDT • Science • npr.org
High-Signal Publisher
Trump fights on home turf as Democratic midterm hopes rise

Republicans are defending territory they never expected to be at risk four weeks before Election Day, as President Donald Trump implores voters not to desert his party with the promise of more cash giveaways.

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Oct 5 • 12:00 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
US midterms: 470 seats, $12 billion and one absent president

Americans go to the polls on November 3 for elections that will shape the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency -- although the president himself will not be on any ballot.44: House races on No...

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Oct 4 • 9:04 PM EDT • Politics • yahoo.com
Jeffries says House Democrats reaching to flip Trump districts in attempt to repeat their 2018 sweep

House Democratic leader Hakeem Jeffries says his party is on track to win back control of the House | WWJ Newsradio 950

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Oct 4 • 8:26 PM EDT • Politics • audacy.com
Flint residents ask questions at Mayoral and Board of Education forum

Flint Mayoral and Board of Education candidates answered questions from the public ahead of the November election at Brennan Community Center.

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Oct 4 • 8:13 PM EDT • Politics • abc12.com
APTOPIX Brazil Election

Supporters of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who is running for reelection, kiss as they react to partial presidential election results in Rio de Janeiro, Sunday, Oct. 4, 2026.

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Oct 4 • 7:58 PM EDT • Business • telegraphherald.com
Marin IJ Readers’ Forum: Vote no on Proposition 44 to protect community health

Also: Head Start education program helped young immigrant; Voting early helps avoid interference on Election Day

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Oct 4 • 3:57 PM EDT • Health • marinij.com
James campaign scrubs some online elements of Trump support

Images of President Donald Trump were prominent on the campaign pages of Michigan Republican gubernatorial candidate John James before the Aug. 4 primary election, but afterward some of them have

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Oct 4 • 3:17 PM EDT • Entertainment • thederrick.com
The politics of hypocrisy: How scandal is treated with selective outrage

Controversial candidates are fueling midterm frustration, exposing both parties’ selective outrage as they defend flawed nominees and warn the other side is worse.

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Oct 4 • 3:12 PM EDT • Politics • foxnews.com
Polls close in Bosnia in race where pro-Russia politician looms large and ethnic tensions simmer

Polls have closed evening in Bosnia after an election shaped by economic pressures, a youth exodus and concerns over corruption. Some leading politicians stoked ethnic tensions that have divided the

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Oct 4 • 1:15 PM EDT • Politics • union-bulletin.com
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Business People: Dana McNabb promoted to CEO at General Mills

FOOD General Mills, Golden Valley, announced the election of Chief Operating Officer Dana McNabb to succeed Jeff Harmening as chief executive officer, effective Jan. 1. Harmening will become executive chair of the board of directors.…

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Oct 4 • 1:01 PM EDT • Business • twincities.com
Election office says there’s enough evidence to investigate Weiser

The Colorado Secretary of State's Office says there's enough evidence to warrant an investigation into Attorney General Phil Weiser's compliance with campaign finance laws.

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Oct 4 • 12:47 PM EDT • Politics • coloradopolitics.com
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Bosnia votes as pro-Russian politician looms large and ethnic tensions simmer

Around 3.4 million voters are choosing the three members of the country's multi-ethnic presidency, lawmakers for the national Parliament and heads of institutions for the country's two entities.

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Oct 4 • 12:42 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
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Louisiana’s John Kennedy says he’s considering presidential run: ‘Why not me on a rainy day?’

“On my side of the aisle, If a bunch of goobers run, and I think they’re goobers and one of the goobers might win, and I think I can do a better job, I would consider running,” he said. “But right now I’m running for reelection.”

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Oct 4 • 12:00 PM EDT • Politics • nola.com
Don Wagner explains why he should be California's next Secretary of State

Orange County Supervisor Don Wagner, a candidate for California secretary of state, outlined his qualifications, election reform priorities, and vision for the office during an interview on California Politics 360.

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Oct 4 • 11:25 AM EDT • Politics • kcra.com
NC's voter registration deadline nearing

Friday is the deadline for regular registration to vote in this year’s midterm elections.

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Oct 4 • 10:44 AM EDT • Politics • spectrumlocalnews.com
Lamont, Fazio make pitches to Connecticut business leaders as Election Day nears

With just over five weeks until Election Day, Gov. Ned Lamont and Republican challenger Ryan Fazio make their case to Connecticut business leaders. Plus, the sentencing of former state official Kosta Diamantis, more departures from Connecticut State Colleges and Universities (CSCU) and bipartisan calls to suspend Connecticut's gas and diesel taxes.

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Oct 4 • 10:30 AM EDT • Business • wtnh.com
Sen. John Kennedy says he’s considering running for president

The Louisiana senator said that he has not made a decision yet and noted that right now, he is running for re-election.

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Oct 4 • 10:27 AM EDT • Politics • nbcnews.com
High-Signal Publisher
Despair over future fuels political anxiety for college students

Their anxiety is fueling a restlessness with a national political system that they worry is no longer capable of improving their lives or no longer interested in helping.

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Oct 4 • 10:09 AM EDT • Politics • boston.com
Election 2026: Richmond mayoral race pits veteran against political scion

Claudia Jimenez, Ahmad Anderson will face off in November

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Oct 4 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • mercurynews.com
Election 2026: Richmond mayoral race pits veteran against political scion

Claudia Jimenez, Ahmad Anderson will face off in November

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Oct 4 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • eastbaytimes.com
Blue surge could breach Cascades in this Washington race

For more than 50 years, every Washington state lawmaker chosen to represent Chelan County has been a Republican. That might change in this November's election.

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Oct 4 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • seattletimes.com
NC election experts warn about voter trust as AI makes political misinformation easier to create

State election officials, journalists and democracy experts say transparency and trusted local sources will be increasingly important as AI-generated political content spreads this election cycle.

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Oct 4 • 8:40 AM EDT • Politics • carolinacoastonline.com
Politics chat: Midterm polls, Senate races, Trump in Texas

As polls come out with increasing frequency closer to the midterm election, how much credence should voters give them? Meanwhile, President Trump continues campaigning for GOP candidates.

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Oct 4 • 8:06 AM EDT • Politics • npr.org
High-Signal Publisher
Despair Over Future Fuels Political Anxiety for College Students on the Cusp of Adulthood

EAST LANSING, Mich. (AP) — Frankie Llerandi, 21, has been unable to land a single internship in his three years at Michigan State University. He will graduate in the spring with an economics degree and an interest in data analytics, but true adulthood seems maddeningly far away. Most of his cousins ...

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Oct 4 • 7:35 AM EDT • Politics • usnews.com
A Black Community in Louisiana Faces a Future Without a Champion in Congress After Redistricting

SCOTLANDVILLE, La. (AP) — If you cross the Mississippi River on the Huey P. Long-O.K. Allen Bridge, pass the Exxon Refinery, then head north for a few minutes, you'll find a pocket of Louisiana that's unlike any other place in America's never-ending battle over what it means to have equal ...

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Oct 4 • 7:30 AM EDT • Politics • usnews.com
What Amendment 3 reveals about housing and politics

As we approach the Nov. 3 midterm elections, when seemingly everything is politically filtered or turned into a line of attack, it raises the question: is housing political?

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Oct 4 • 7:00 AM EDT • Politics • miamiherald.com
Inside Democrats’ efforts to secure Election Day and respond to fears of Trump interference

Ahead of the November midterm elections, top Democrats are planning for doomsday scenarios for how President Donald Trump and his administration could intervene in the voting process and laying the groundwork for a forceful response.

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Oct 4 • 6:30 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
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Bosnia votes as pro-Russian politician looms large and ethnic tensions simmer

Bosnia is holding a general election with citizens of all ethnicities focused on everyday problems. But mainstream politicians are whipping up war-era tensions that have kept the country divided since

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Oct 4 • 6:14 AM EDT • Politics • 2news.com
Beth Fukumoto: When Politicians Run Unopposed, Everyone Loses

Of the state’s 98 general election races this year — from Congress to county council — more than a third will feature a candidate with no opposition.

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Oct 4 • 6:01 AM EDT • Politics • civilbeat.org
The counties to watch on the massive midterm elections battlefield

The breadth of the public backlash against President Donald Trump’s tumultuous second term is rapidly widening the campaign battlefield for 2026.

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Oct 4 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Southern Baptist president calls on pastors to 'step up' ahead of midterm elections
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Oct 4 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • yahoo.com
Election skeptics took over this county. They still don’t trust results.

In Shasta County, California, the election chief lost his job — then locked up the ballots and called the FBI.

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Oct 4 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Littwin: Election-year debates are becoming increasingly rare. Is it fear or calculation? Or both?

The columnist writes that the lack of public debate stems from a combination of fear of gaffes and political calculation.

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Oct 4 • 5:05 AM EDT • Politics • coloradosun.com
Latvian PM on track to lead pro-Ukraine coalition after election win

The leader’s pro-Kremlin rivals said Latvia ​should stop any aid to Ukraine and instead focus on tackling cost-of-living issues.

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Oct 4 • 3:57 AM EDT • Politics • nbcnews.com
High-Signal Publisher
Latvian PM Andris Kulbergs’ party leads election, partial results show

Latvian Prime Minister Andris Kulbergs' centrist, pro-Ukraine United List party won Saturday's parliamentary election, partial results showed.

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Oct 4 • 2:28 AM EDT • Politics • tvpworld.com
Monument seeks increase for use tax on construction materials

Monument is asking voters to increase the town's use tax on construction and building materials from 2% to 3.5% in the November election.

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Oct 4 • 2:15 AM EDT • Politics • coloradopolitics.com
Polls open in Bosnia and Herzegovina as pro-Russian politician looms large over race

Bosnians are heading to the polls Sunday in elections that ​could impact their European Union membership bid and the influence that Russia seeks over the small Balkan nation. Bosnia and Herzegovina,…

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Oct 4 • 1:55 AM EDT • Politics • france24.com
As elections loom, voters must choose the right pilot to navigate political turbulence

The passengers aboard the flydubai flight did not have the luxury of leaving the cockpit unresolved. Israeli voters will have their own chance to take control and choose who sits in the cockpit.

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Oct 4 • 1:55 AM EDT • Politics • jpost.com
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Bosnia votes as pro-Russian politician looms large over the race and ethnic tensions simmer

Bosnia is holding a general election with citizens of all ethnicities focused on everyday problems

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Oct 4 • 12:13 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Bosnia votes as pro-Russian politician looms large over the race and ethnic tensions simmer

Bosnia is holding a general election with citizens of all ethnicities focused on everyday problems | WWJ Newsradio 950

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Oct 4 • 12:07 AM EDT • Politics • audacy.com
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Who will be Brazil’s next president?

The election could also serve as a bellwether of Donald Trump's influence in Latin America

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Oct 3 • 8:00 PM EDT • Politics • en.majalla.com
Trump rally attendees react to war and the economy ahead of the midterms

CNN’s Alayna Treene speaks with Trump supporters about their views on issues like the Iran war, gas prices and the economy, as the US president campaigns in Vandalia, Ohio in a bid to help Republicans retain control of Congress in next month’s midterm elections.

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Oct 3 • 8:00 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Trump advocates for mail and early voting despite historically opposing both

President Donald Trump said Americans should cast their ballot using “every appropriate tool,” in a pre-recorded video imploring Republicans to vote in the midterm elections, including using methods that he has historically opposed like early and mail voting.

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Oct 3 • 6:58 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Politics At The Pump: Will NC Suspend Gas Tax

State GOP May Rollback Gas Tax Before Election Day

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Oct 3 • 6:23 PM EDT • Politics • wbt.com
A gut punch in Ohio: Nearly 1,400 laid off at truck factory just days before Trump rally

This year’s election is a test for the working-class coalition that lifted Trump into the White House and gave majorities to Republicans in the House and Senate.

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Oct 3 • 12:50 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Trump to give $90 to senior citizens for Medicare premiums

President Donald Trump said late Friday he will give around 20 million senior citizens $90 each to help pay for their Medicare Part B premiums, marking his latest effort to dole out funds to certain Americans weeks before the midterm elections.

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Oct 3 • 11:13 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
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How elections forecasters rank Florida races for governor, Congress

Tampa Bay is home to two of the country’s most competitive U.S. House races.

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Oct 3 • 11:00 AM EDT • Politics • tampabay.com
Byron Donalds brings 'Defending the Florida Dream' tour to Overtown cookout

The Republican nominee's tour lands in Miami a month before the General Election.

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Oct 3 • 8:42 AM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
Bernie Sanders’s 2016 Campaign Lit a Spark Beyond Elections

Electoral campaigns can feed workplace struggle by politicizing people, raising their expectations, bringing activists together, and giving them experience organizing others. Bernie Sanders’s presiden...

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Oct 3 • 8:30 AM EDT • Politics • yahoo.com
Week in Politics: Inflation pressure; war in Iran and effect on midterm elections

We look at how some concerning economic indicators as well as the ongoing war in Iran might affect the midterm elections.

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Oct 3 • 7:47 AM EDT • Politics • npr.org
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Candidate profile: Jennie Hill wants a thriving future for Wilsonville businesses

The Review is running profiles of all City Council candidates in Lake Oswego, West Linn and Wilsonville prior to the November election. Jennie Hill is a familiar face in Wilsonville. […]

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Oct 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Business • wilsonvillespokesman.com
Columbine Brutal Reminder on Epidemic of School Violence

Colorado Politics looks back at Ken Salazar’s reflections on the Columbine shooting and a landmark court ruling that reshaped election security standards for Colorado voting machines.

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Oct 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Politics • coloradopolitics.com
A growing number of House Republicans privately believe they won’t win the House

Four weeks to Election Day, a growing number of House Republicans privately fear their chances of holding onto the majority are vanishing and have begun focusing on how to limit the size of a potential Democratic wave.

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Oct 3 • 6:30 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Both parties must reject the politics of resentment (Editorial)

America does not need more political entertainers, like Hasan Piker, who profit from anger. It needs leaders willing to disappoint their own side when principle demands it. The soul of both parties is at stake. More importantly, so is the…

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Oct 3 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • dailycamera.com
Trump is campaigning in reliably red states, a sign of midterm concerns

Trump is rallying in Republican strongholds such as Texas, Oklahoma and Alabama, betting that his presence will be enough to energize voters who might be thinking of sitting out the election.

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Oct 3 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
JPMorgan lays out the investing playbook for 2026 midterm elections

Gridlock tends to be a benign election outcome for markets, as investors don't have to grapple with the potential for sweeping policy changes.

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Oct 3 • 5:50 AM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Can anything politicians say at Sunday’s election stop young people from leaving Bosnia?

They are the support base for non-nationalist parties but are voting with their feet and not on ballot papers

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Oct 3 • 5:35 AM EDT • Politics • theguardian.com
A record number of Native Americans are running in the 2026 midterms

At least 355 Native American and Indigenous candidates ran or are running in local, state and federal primary and general elections this year — a record number.

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Oct 3 • 5:00 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Brazil is regulating AI use in elections. Here’s why it’s been a challenge.

Brazil’s polarized political landscape is rife with disinformation – a challenge that can be turbocharged by artificial intelligence.

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Oct 3 • 5:00 AM EDT • Science • csmonitor.com
Two generations of Army dietitians celebrate selection for Army Baylor program

FORT SAM HOUSTON, Texas — The U.S. Army Medical Center of Excellence, joined by Soldiers, families and distinguished guests, celebrated the selection of...

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Oct 3 • 3:31 AM EDT • Science • army.mil
The political walking dead: Germany’s zombie chancellor

A string of poor election results has left Friedrich Merz with unprecedentedly low approval ratings

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Oct 3 • 1:45 AM EDT • Politics • theweek.com
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EAST TEXAS POLITICS: U.S. Rep. Nathaniel Moran talks AI guardrails, affordability and reelection bid

U.S. Rep. Nathaniel Moran, R-Tyler, joins Blake Holland on this week’s edition of East Texas Politics on East Texas Now.

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Oct 2 • 10:41 PM EDT • Politics • kltv.com
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ETX Politics: U.S. Rep. Nathaniel Moran talks AI guardrails, affordability and reelection bid

U.S. Rep. Nathaniel Moran, R-Tyler, who represents Texas’ 1st Congressional District, joins Blake Holland on this week’s edition of East Texas Politics on East Texas Now. Moran discusses artificial intelligence guardrails, shipbuilding, his bid for reelection and the issue of affordability.

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Oct 2 • 10:40 PM EDT • Politics • kltv.com
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Political ads expected to increase as general election nears, expert says

Voters should expect more ads as Election Day approaches

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Oct 2 • 10:25 PM EDT • Politics • kwch.com
LaRose launches new Ohio election and business resource for students

Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose announced today the launch of new online resources designed to help Ohio students learn about elections, civic engagement, entrepreneurship, and the virtues of active citizenship.

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Oct 2 • 8:00 PM EDT • Business • highlandcountypress.com
Secretary of state candidates boast business experience but differ on election oversight

All three said they want to ensure no fraud is happening amid Wyoming’s booming rate of new business filings. When it came to voting, they shared different visions for what constitutes fair access and ballot security.

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Oct 2 • 7:25 PM EDT • Business • wyomingpublicmedia.org
Shaping the Future of Global Health: 'Go Healthy with Taiwan 2026' Unveils Top 20 Innovators from 62 Nations

TAIPEI, Taiwan, October 02, 2026--The "Go Healthy with Taiwan 2026" global proposal campaign has selected 20 semifinalists from 832 proposals across 62 countries, with two more rounds of selection still to come. The 20 shortlisted teams hail from 16 countries worldwide, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, France, India, Israel, Japan, Malawi, New Zealand, Philippines, Poland, Spain, Tunisia, Ukraine, and U.S.A., fully demonstrating strong international diversity and innovative energy.

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Oct 2 • 6:29 PM EDT • Health • finance.yahoo.com
Register to Vote by October 5 #AACTNow

Your vote is your choice. Make sure registration is on your calendar. October 5, 2026 is the Texas voter-registration deadline for the November 3 general election. AACT Now is sharing voter information and important election dates to help people prepare. Visit aactnow.org for resources. Presented by Texas Border Business and MeGustaTV.

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Oct 2 • 5:53 PM EDT • Business • texasborderbusiness.com
Vaishali Sirkay: Supporting student mental health and wellbeing

Vaishali "Shali" Sirkay is one of four candidates vying for three seats on the Los Altos School District Board of Trustees in this November's General Election. Her top priorities include closing the "opportunity gap," fostering an inclusive environment and maintaining high employee compensation.

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Oct 2 • 4:50 PM EDT • Health • mv-voice.com
Brazil’s future depends on science

With the upcoming Oct. 5 elections, the country has a new opportunity to strengthen scientific research as a foundation for addressing today’s challenges and bolstering its sovereignty.

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Oct 2 • 4:09 PM EDT • Science • theconversation.com
Midterms monitor: NH and Maine could decide control of the U.S. Senate

As national headlines reverberate at the local level, voters have no shortage of concerns. Journalists from New Hampshire and Maine joined 1A’s weekly news roundup Friday to help take the pulse of the 2026 midterm elections.

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Oct 2 • 3:19 PM EDT • Politics • nhpr.org
Studying Science in an Anti-Scientific Time

This Chronicle Review Deep Cut was first published in 2025. By Julianne Werlin Thanks for reading The Chronicle Review! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Subscribe The last two decades have not been kind to science studies. Already bruised and battered by the “science wars” of the 1990s, by the 2000s sociologists of science — who had long argued that science had to be understood in its human context — were encountering the funhouse-mirror version of their own views in right-wing critiques of climate scientists. It was enough to give some prominent scholars pause. “Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies?” asked Bruno Latour, the most famous sociologist of science in the world, in 2003. “Should we apologize for having been wrong all along? Or should we rather bring the sword of criticism to criticism itself and do a bit of soul-searching here: What were we really after when we were so intent on showing the social construction of scientific facts?” In response, Latour proposed a change of method and attitude. Science studies, now chastened and contrite, would no longer seek to strip facts of their authority, but to enrich and enhance them. What this meant in practice was never fully clear. But his diagnosis of problems resonated, even if his solutions did not. Latour’s exercise in public hand-wringing signaled a shift in mood. By 2016, with the first election of Donald Trump, the idea that skepticism of science was a right-wing position, not a left-wing one, had become a commonplace, discussed eagerly in The New York Times. For liberals, vaccine denial during the Covid era and Trump’s second-term attacks on the funding of scientific research, covered extensively in these pages, added a new urgency to the defense of science on both practical and principled grounds. There was little appetite for a sociology or philosophy of science that emphasized the messiness and missteps of the scientific process rather than its integrity and triumphs. The distinguished historian of science Peter Dear’s new book, The World as We Know It: From Natural Philosophy to Modern Science (Princeton University Press, 2025), which seeks to tell the story of 18th- and 19th-century science for a general public, may seem comfortably remote from these bitter contests. In its 16 short chapters, Dear draws swift, sure sketches of major discoveries from Newton to Einstein, ably guiding the reader through debates on stellar nebulae, animal taxonomy, atomic chemistry, evolution, and other flashpoints in the history of science. But though a work of history, Dear’s book must still negotiate our polarized present. In a blurb on its back cover, the historian of biology Lynn K. Nyhart alludes to the “present moment, when scientific knowledge is being swamped by misinformation and its institutions are under siege.” Dear himself, in his conclusion, refers to the “yard signs” and “bumper stickers” that proclaim “Science Is Real.” One antidote to both anti-science propaganda and to reductive slogans in science’s defense is a robust history and philosophy of science: exactly what Dear’s scholarship has long offered. But his new book illustrates how difficult such work has become. Dear, an emeritus professor of history at Cornell University, is best known as a creative and philosophically minded historian of the Scientific Revolution. His edited volume The Literary Structure of Scientific Argument (1991) analyzed the rhetoric of Galileo’s thought experiments to brilliant effect. Discipline and Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution (1995) was a major contribution to the analysis of scientific experiments in early modern Europe and beyond, while Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge in Transition, 1500-1700 (2001), now in its third edition, remains one of the best overviews of the profound epistemological upheavals of 16th- and 17th-century science. But Dear has also ventured into later periods. Nearly two decades ago, in The Intelligibility of Nature: How Science Makes Sense of the World (2006), he turned to the 18th and 19th centuries to sketch a history and theory of scientific knowledge. Aimed at a generalist audience, Dear’s simple prose belied serious philosophical ambitions. Science, Dear argued, has two aspects: “natural philosophy,” the quest to understand the true nature of the universe, and “instrumentality,” the applied skills and technologies that allow us to manipulate the world for human advantage. Both strands are ancient, but the innovation of the phenomenon we call “science” was to yoke them together. As Francis Bacon wrote, “Human knowledge and human power meet in one; for where the cause is not known, the effect cannot be produced,” an insight typically abridged to “knowledge is power.” Or, in Bertrand Russell’s characteristically blunt phrase, science has two functions, “1. to enable us to know things, and 2., to enable us to do things.” So far, so conventional. But Dear took issue with this familiar story in one respect. Bacon’s formula implied that theory and practice could be fused in a single method. In fact, Dear argued, the quest to understand nature and the desire to manipulate it were coupled only loosely. They could come together, but they could also pull apart. Focusing on natural philosophy, the “knowing” half of the scientific circle, he used a series of case studies from cosmology, taxonomy, chemistry, electromagnetism, and quantum theory to show how theories changed over time, in dialogue with practice, but never reducible to it. Take the case of matter, the basic substrate of the physical world. In the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists not only disagreed about what it was, but also about how well it could be known. In 1789, the chemist Antoine Lavoisier dismissed speculation about the atomic composition of chemicals as “discussions entirely of a metaphysical nature,” as he sought to orient chemistry away from philosophical abstraction and toward laboratory results. But in the 19th century, atoms returned with a vengeance in the atomic chemistry of John Dalton, who wanted to explain the underlying structure of nature. It was not just that Dalton and Lavoisier had a different set of experimental results, or even a different theory, Dear showed. What counted as an explanation had changed. In arguing that scientific theories depended on their intelligibility to human beings with complex arrays of beliefs and commitments, Dear was in sympathy with science studies. Key figures such as the sociologist Steven Shapin emphasized the importance of psychological mechanisms like trust in the formation and acceptance of scientific ideas. But in focusing on the scientific pursuit of knowledge, not its politics or economics, Dear resisted the more cynical perspective of some of his colleagues. The Intelligibility of Nature strikes a very different note than Shapin’s collection of a few years later, Never Pure: Historical Studies of Science as If It Was Produced by People With Bodies, Situated in Time, Space, Culture, and Society, and Struggling for Credibility and Authority (2010), to name just one example. Walking a very fine line, Dear depicted science as driven at once by complex social dynamics and by the intellectual power of real discoveries. It was a testament not only to his own acumen but also to the vitality of the field that he was able to do so. Nearly two decades later, The World as We Know It returns to the questions broached in The Intelligibility of Nature. Like Dear’s earlier study, it begins with the Newtonian cosmos and ends with debates between Einstein and Bohr on quantum physics. Beyond its terminal figures, many of the same characters appear in both studies, including the naturalists John Ray and the Comte de Buffon; the chemists Étienne François Geoffroy, Antoine Lavoisier, and John Dalton; as well as Charles Darwin and Michael Faraday, among others. Its subject is nearly identical: As in The Intelligibility of Nature, The World as We Know It considers natural philosophy as opposed to instrumentality, here defined as the “desire to create a picture of what the world is really like — the world as God knows it — rather than simply having instrumental or operational control over it.” The two books also overlap in insights — and sometimes even in language. The reader who has learned in The Intelligibility of Nature that Buffon’s method of classifying animals “reflected his belief in the importance of the senses and empiricism in learning about nature (a doctrine associated with Newton and the philosopher John Locke)” will experience a sense of déjà vu on reading, in The World as We Know It, that the classification “reflects Buffon’s commitment to the epistemological stance of Newton and his philosophical underlaborer John Locke, who stressed the role of the senses in creating natural knowledge.” Later in the passage, we read that, “because of its stress on understanding the ways of life of animals in their environments, Buffon’s approach could almost be labeled (anachronistically) as ‘ecological.’” And again, “an anachronistic way of putting it would be to say that Buffon recommends an ecological mode of understanding.” Likewise, in The Intelligibility of Nature we read of Dalton that he was initially drawn to meteorology, and that: He did a bit of experimental work on these things, especially having to do with the water-holding capacity of gases, but his real interest lay in understanding what, at an underlying natural-philosophical level, was really going on physically.” Whereas, in The World as We Know It: He did experimental work on these things, especially concerning the water-holding capacity of gases — although not at a very refined level quantitatively — but he was continually trying to develop a theoretical conception of what was happening physically. The final full chapter of each book closes on the same resigned note. Intelligibility: These days, most serious work on the natural philosophical underpinnings and implications of quantum mechanics is performed not by physicists but by philosophers of science. Among scientific practitioners themselves, Bohr’s attempt to use instrumentality as sufficient grounds for a respectable science has met with a high degree of success. And again, in The World as We Know It: Bohr’s and Einstein’s concerns are now questions that are mostly discussed by philosophers of science rather than by physicists themselves. The marginalization of these sorts of questions amounts to the demise of natural philosophy, at least in physics, in the 20th century. Quantum mechanics “works,” and that’s good enough for most scientists who encounter it. Examples could be multiplied. When handling the same subject matter, some echoes are inevitable. Scholars should not feel that because they have written “Isaac Newton died in 1727” in one book, in the next they must describe him as perishing, expiring, or meeting his maker. But the repetitions of language and arguments (not to mention six reproduced images) threaded throughout The World as We Know It are more extensive than that. They should have been caught by Princeton University Press or its reviewers, and revised. Because the two books have so much in common, it is easy to see where they diverge. The World as We Know It is a less theoretical work than its predecessor. The sociology of knowledge that organized The Intelligibility of Nature has been reduced in scale and folded into readings and examples. The taut interplay between history and theory, which gave the earlier study so much interest, is there, but it is subtle. In the earlier book, the case studies demonstrated theoretical claims about the character and development of science. In the later work, each narrative of discovery is an end in itself. Insights emerge from the history, but they do not control the organization of the study. With the theory muted, it can be hard to understand the logic uniting Dear’s sprawling history of more than two centuries of scientific knowledge. The 16 brisk chapters cover an enormous amount of material. But the closer the volume edges to comprehensiveness, the more obvious the missing elements become. A chapter on “Institutions and Pedagogy,” describing the birth of the research university, illustrates the problem. Inserted roughly halfway through the book, the unnumbered chapter is designed as an “entr’acte,” in acknowledgement that it does not fit the study’s organization around scientific discoveries. Yet as Dear is well aware, no general history of the development of modern science can bracket its 19th-century institutionalization and professionalization. It was the 19th-century university, after all, that gave us the “scientist,” a term coined by the Cambridge philosopher William Whewell. Dear’s history of scientific discoveries implies a wider social and institutional history, but it remains largely subterranean, only occasionally extruded under the pressure of the narrative. It must be said that the balance is not all on the side of the earlier study. There are some advantages to the more historical, less theoretical organization of The World as We Know It. Dear’s accounts of paradigm shifts are remarkably lucid, no small accomplishment given that they span fields and centuries. He makes excellent use of the wealth of new scholarship on Darwin and his influences, to which he has himself contributed. It is satisfying to see puzzle pieces from Buffon’s natural history, Georges Cuvier’s animal taxonomy, Thomas Robert Malthus’s demography, and Charles Lyell’s geology recombined seamlessly in the Darwinian jigsaw. Likewise, Dear’s discussion of stellar nebulae, divided between chapters two and 15, shows vividly how Newton, Kant, Herschel, and Hubble reimagined insights and observations as they sought to discover whether the diffuse light that filtered through early telescopes was a glowing, gaseous substance or discrete but distant stars. Yet despite such pleasures, the book remains a more modest work than The Intelligibility of Nature. Dear has clearly not changed his views about the history of science. But in the two decades that have elapsed, the discipline and the world around it have changed, making it harder to write a sociologically and philosophically ambitious history of science for the general reader. That is a shame, because in the age of Silicon Valley and biotechnology, both the reciprocity and the tensions Dear identified between the epistemological and instrumental ambitions of science are more evident than ever. In recent years, some of the most exciting new books on the history of science in early modernity have focused precisely on this pressure point. Important studies such as Pamela H. Smith’s From Lived Experience to the Written Word (2022), James Poskett’s Horizons: The Global Origins of Modern Science (2022), and Vera Keller’s The Interlopers: Early Stuart Projects and the Undisciplining of Knowledge (2023) all shed new light on how early modern science negotiated the relationship between its instrumental and epistemological ambitions, or in Russell’s phrase, knowing and doing. There is every opportunity for a philosophically informed approach to draw new insights from this wealth of material. Dear, unfortunately, has not done so in The World as We Know It. But for future scholars of the history of science, his body of work over nearly four decades may provide just the model. Julianne Werlin is an associate professor of English at Duke University. Thanks for reading The Chronicle Review! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Subscribe

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