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Longtime AP Florida politics reporter Brendan Farrington dies at 60
Brendan Farrington has died at 60. The veteran news reporter was known for covering Florida politics and hurricanes for The Associated Press. Farrington died Friday at his home in Tallahassee
Longtime AP Florida politics reporter Brendan Farrington dies at 60
Brendan Farrington has died at 60. The veteran news reporter was known for covering Florida politics and hurricanes for The Associated Press. Farrington died Friday at his home in Tallahassee
Longtime AP Florida politics reporter Brendan Farrington dies at 60
Brendan Farrington has died at 60. The veteran news reporter was known for covering Florida politics and hurricanes for The Associated Press. Farrington died Friday at his home in Tallahassee
Longtime AP Florida politics reporter Brendan Farrington dies at 60
Brendan Farrington has died at 60.
MLT’s new family-focused indoor entertainment complex open for business
Just in time for the rainy season, Monster Mini Golf opens its doors in Mountlake Terrace, across the street from the Grocery Outlet and Cinebarre. The 18-hole, glow-in-the-dark, mini golf […]
MLT’s new family-focused indoor entertainment complex open for business
Just in time for the rainy season, Monster Mini Golf opens its doors in Mountlake Terrace, across the street from the Grocery Outlet and Cinebarre. The 18-hole, glow-in-the-dark, mini golf […]
Zay Flowers ruled out for Week 2
Baltimore Ravens WR Zay Flowers officially ruled out against the Saints
Apple Watch Series 12 and Ultra 4 missing one health-focused feature
Well, this is odd. The handwashing timer feature is currently absent from the new Apple Watch Series 12 and Ultra...
Yankees' Arron Judge Comments On Injury Timeline
The New York Yankees placed Aaron Judge on the 10-day injured list with a calf strain on Saturday
News Outlets Express Solidarity After Trump Bars Some Reporters
Some Democrats said President Trump’s ban was an attempt to control the press and distract voters as Republicans face deep challenges in the midterm elections.
Late surge in iPhone 18 Pro lead times tell us how iPhone Duo orders will fare
Apple's plan to split up iPhone 18 Pro and non-Pro releases appears to have paid off for Apple.
Voting groups say funding shortfall could affect midterm turnout
Several of the nation’s largest voter engagement and racial justice organizations are facing steep funding shortfalls and staffing cutbacks
Brazil's new 9️⃣? Raphinha bags another hat-trick for Barcelona
It’s not “old” news.Raphinha bagged ANOTHER hat-trick in a Barcelona shirt.This time, the feat came this Saturday (19).He scored ALL of Barça’s goals in the 3-1 win over Sevilla right at the ...
Raphinha 10, Yamal 9 | Sevilla 1-3 Barcelona: Player Ratings
Barcelona did not have it easy against a spirited Sevilla last night, and the Ramon Sanchez Pizjuan made sure that the Catalans were made to suffer for every bout of possession.For the first time this...
Flora’s all-around day leads Iowa State over Bowling Green
For the first time in school history, Iowa State returned a kickoff and a punt for a touchdown. Jaylen Raynor threw for 133 yards and one touchdown to true freshman Jamal Polite Jr. and Iowa State defeated Bowling Green 55-7 on Saturday. Cam Pettaway, a Bowling Green transfer, had three receptions for 47 yards and […]
Georgia Rolls Past Arkansas in Dominant SEC Opener
No. 2 Georgia wasted no time showing that it is ready for another run through the SEC. The Bulldogs traveled to Fayetteville on Saturday and dominated Arkansas from the opening whistle, cruising to a 45-17 victory in their first conference game of the season. Georgia improved to 3-0 overall and 1-0 in SEC play with…
Scientists transport antiprotons by road, store them in mobile vessel
Ninety-two trapped antiprotons have been transported outside the Antimatter Factory along a 4.66-mile route without particle loss or measurable degradation of the trap vacuum.
Oscar Health (OSCR) Bets On Lucy As CEO Calls Time On Employer Coverage
Oscar Health (NYSE:OSCR) introduced its AI-driven Lucy Healthcare Marketplace, a digital hub for carriers, brokers, and consumers. The company presented Lucy as part of a shift toward individual coverage options, including support for ICHRA-based benefit designs. Chief executive Mario Schlosser said the traditional employer-sponsored health insurance structure is ending, pointing to alternative coverage models. Oscar Health’s Lucy Healthcare Marketplace launch and public push toward...
A 35-Year-Old Is Facing A $19M Business Exit — But 70% Of The Value Is Tied To Real Estate
Selling a business for an estimated $19 million sounds like the hard part is already over. For one 35-year-old, though, figuring out what to do with the money may be just as complicated. About 70% of the value they expect...
The growing Dodgers 10-strikeout club
Tyler Glasnow on Friday night struck out 10 Giants in his six innings, his most in a start this season. Aside from securing Los Angeles-area folks a free Jumbo Jack with a purchase of a large drink for the 130th time this season and the 27th time in the last 28 days, Friday affirmed the […]
Scientists discover new cat species for first time in 100 years
A previously unknown cat species has been identified in plain sight: at a wildlife sanctuary in Bolivia.
Scientists discover new cat species for first time in 100 years
A previously unknown cat species has been identified in plain sight: at a wildlife sanctuary in Bolivia.
Scientists discover new cat species for first time in 100 years
A previously unknown cat species has been identified in plain sight: at a wildlife sanctuary in Bolivia.
Scientists discover new cat species for first time in 100 years
A previously unknown cat species has been identified in plain sight: at a wildlife sanctuary in Bolivia.
Scientists discover new cat species for first time in 100 years
A previously unknown cat species has been identified in plain sight: at a wildlife sanctuary in Bolivia.
Scientists Discover New Crater on the Moon, Bigger Than the Roman Colosseum, That Was Created in a ‘Once-in-a-Lifetime’ Impact
Scientists have discovered a new moon crater bigger than the Roman Colosseum, formed in 2024 by a rare impact that also changed nearby lunar surface conditions.
Late Holmberg goal denies Man Utd victory at Arsenal
Manchester United were denied their first Women’s Super League victory of the season as Smilla Smilla Holmberg struck in stoppage time to rescue a 1-1 draw for Arsenal.The visitors produced a much-i...
I kept my biggest life milestones off social media, and I'm glad I did
Instead of posting my life updates on social media, I shared them with friends in person. The hugs I get are ten times better than a like on a post.
High school football: Top performers in the Southland
A look at the top performers from CIF City and Southern Section football games this week.
BSD YouTube Postgame Show: Penn State Blasts Buffalo
Penn State takes care of business against Buffalo in their final tune-up before Big Ten play begins next Saturday against Wisconsin. Tim, Jared, and Bennett will be going live around 3:20 PM EST to break it all down for you.
How screen time and eyelid health affect dry eye risk
Ashraf Ahmad, MD, explains what's driving rising dry eye rates and why eyelid evaluation is often overlooked.
Nottingham Forest 0-1 Coventry: What Glasner said
Nottingham Forest have failed to score in their first three home games in a league campaign for the first time in their history. Among ever present sides since the start of last season, only Tottenham have won fewer home games (three) and earned fewer home points (16) in the Premier League than Nottingham Forest (four wins, 21 points).
Julian Schuster: “It was a thrilling game”
SC Freiburg came from behind twice to earn a hard-fought point from a trip to Frankfurt. Julian Schuster saw his side fail to win a game for the first time this season, but he was delighted with the r...
📋 Mirassol and Botafogo named at the Maião, eyeing safety!
There is only one focus for Mirassol vs. Botafogo this Saturday (19): moving away from the relegation zone.The ball gets rolling at 5 p.m. (Brasília time) for the Matchday 28 clash in the Brasileirã...
Roundup of mental health resources for San Antonio veterans
Sept. 22 marks Texas Veteran Suicide Prevention Day, in recognition of the estimate that 22 veterans die by suicide per day.
White House Staff Blame Media Ban on President Being Left Unsupervised
Blindsided senior White House staffers learned of President Donald Trump’s media ban at the same time as the rest of the country, a new report alleges. Trump’s directive to ban reporters from CNN, MS ...
Three Cuban women, three businesses, one dream: How they’re building their future in Miami
They arrived in Miami by different paths. Now they’re turning what they know and love — pole dancing, tennis and skin care — into businesses and a shot at the American dream.
Seahawks great Shaun Alexander sees himself in Jadarian Price
Seahawks great Shaun Alexander recently lauded Jadarian Price for his explosion in the hole, timing and patience as a young running back in the NFL.
A20 Pro’s Packaging Shift And New Vapor Chamber Unlocks Peak Performance; Liquid Nitrogen Cooling Brings Less Than 3% Increase Thanks To These Optimizations
Discover how the A20 Pro chip packaging shift and custom vapor chamber unlock massive peak performance upgrades, making liquid nitrogen cooling practically obsolete with under 3% gains
Five 'connected' cases of mumps reported on SDSU athletic team
"Importantly, the students are no longer considered contagious," the school's Student Health Services medical director said.
M6 Pro Chip Result on Geekbench is Likely Fake
A supposed Geekbench result for an unreleased M6 Pro chip surfaced this week, but it is likely fake. Geekbench creator John Poole informed MacRumors that he uncovered "internal inconsistencies" that lead him to believe that the M6 Pro result might not be legitimate. Geekbench creator John Poole informed MacRumors that he uncovered "internal inconsistencies" that lead him to believe that the M6 Pro result might not be legitimate.
Newsom signs California's first standalone post-production tax credit
Gov. Gavin Newsom signed AB 2319, California's first standalone post-production tax credit, offering 35% to 50% back to lure editing, sound and VFX work home.
The New York Times
Japan’s health ministry released data on Tuesday showing that there are now 107,677 people who are at least 100 years old, an increase of nearly 8,000 since last year. Women make up the vast majority...
Philippine Airlines' Manila Lounge & Ground Experience Is Laughably Bad
A long security line, near-invisible lounge signage, and Wi-Fi that won't connect to laptops — here's why Philippine Airlines' Manila transit experience disappoints.
Analysis: O'Neil can be encouraged at team's display
Ipswich scored last-minute goals in their wins over Sunderland and Crystal Palace and their fans would have had hopes of more late drama when seven minutes were added on at Hill Dickinson Stadium. Town had sent on Zian Flemming, who scored their winner against Palace, but the 10 men could not score, with Flemming wasting a good chance in injury time when he fired over the top. Centre-half Issa Diop almost snatched a point right at the end, only for his effort to be charged down by a combination of Branthwaite and Garner.
Eustace claims Derby deserved to beat Burnley
Derby County manager John Eustace speaks to BBC Radio Derby after Mo Fuseini scored a stoppage-time equaliser in their 1-1 draw with Burnley at Turf Moor
Full Moon October 2026: When To See The ‘Hunter’s Supermoon’ Rise
October’s full Hunter’s Moon will also be a supermoon, beginning a run of three to end 2026. Here’s exactly when it rises and the best time to see it.
Everyone's finally caught up to Liverpool's biggest problem: Except Liverpool
Liverpool have a massive problem on their hands and people are finally noticing. Except Liverpool, however.Liverpool spent an awful lot of money in the summer once again. Only this time, they didn't s...
Brighton 3
It’s been a while since Arsenal put in a “file and forget” performance but that is what they’ll need to do with today’s showing at Brighton. The Gunners, to a man, were well off their best. Brighton were energetic and more than a bit lucky. Combine those two and sometimes it can look like today’s […]
Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in the epicenter of the outbreak
Congo has begun vaccinating healthcare staff against Ebola in Bunia, the epicenter of the fastest-growing outbreak of the disease in history.
Popular Florida cafe chain coming to Mass. for first time
Pura Vida Miami opens its first Massachusetts location in Harvard Square on Oct. 22, expanding the Florida-based wellness café brand into New England.
Training: Final prep for Sunderland clash
Check out images from training on the eve of our Etihad encounter with Sunderland. Match Preview City v Sunderland: Kick-off time and TV information The Black Cats head to Manchester for a 14:00 (UK) ...
Trump Says His Son Will Pay Back Russian Businessman for Wedding Party
The president said his eldest son, Donald Trump Jr., had decided to return the money, but defended the gift worth hundreds of thousands of dollars as “totally allowed.”
Power & Politics: Voter registration hearing; New poll on NJ's 7th Congressional District; ICE accused of using Roxbury warehouse
Author of New Jersey Playbook and Politico Reporter Matt Friedman and Founder and Director of Stimsight Research Patrick Murray join the show this week.
Sean Mannion spent extra time perfecting a minor offensive detail
Eagles OC Sean Mannion is emphasizing one of the smallest details in football, and Nick Sirianni says the work is paying off.
Your Kitchen Sponge Has More Bacteria Than a Subway Pole: The Startling Science of What’s Really Living in New York Homes
New Yorkers are famously germ-conscious. We hover over subway poles, elbow-push door handles, and carry hand sanitizer like it’s a fifth borough accessory. But here’s the uncomfortable truth backed by peer-reviewed research: the dirtiest place most New Yorkers touch every single day isn’t on the 4 train — it’s sitting next to their own kitchen […]
How I underestimated how unpredictable mental health can be
The Lindsay Clancy trial is shocking, but the complexity of mental health and our inability to control everything should be humbling to us all.
Warhammer 40k: Auspex Scanning the New Space Marine Models
The drop pod assault has begun, and we have a close-up look at the new Angels of Death. Codex: Space Marines is up for pre-order alongside some much-needed reinforcements for Space Marine players everywhere. Games Workshop sent us a selection of these new kits, and we wasted no time in getting them built! Captain on […]
Olympic Council of Asia President wants to keep politics out of Asian Games
The buildup to the Aichi-Nagoya Games has been overshadowed by complaints from national team delegations over organizational issues.
Russia cannot sway French through 'intimidation', Le Pen says
Her comment comes after the Kremlin this week ordered the seizure of Russian subsidiaries of several major French businesses,
New releases from Blancpain, Czapek, Grand Seiko and more
This past week has been one for the ages. Rolex announces an annual calendar carrying an official nickname for the first time, Blancpain releases one of the smallest mechanical movements to date, and Grand Seiko brings back Arabic numerals after 25 years. There’s plenty more too, spanning other all sort of styles and budgets with … Continued
Georgia vs. Arkansas Live Thread
It’s time to let the big Dawg eat. Georgia is set to kick off against the Arkansas Razorbacks at War Memorial Stadium in Fayetteville a shade after noon eastern (television coverage on ABC). The prevailing wisdom this week seems to be that the Bulldogs will cover a 24.5 point spread easily against the home Razorbacks. […]
Scientists Discover New Crater on the Moon, Bigger Than the Roman Colosseum, That Was Created in a ‘Once-in-a-Lifetime’ Impact
Scientists believe the crater was caused by a space fragment the size of a three- to six-story building
Ravens - Saints: How to Watch, Predictions, and More
Everything to know about the Baltimore Ravens' home opener against the New Orleans Saints.
SMPD Commander Totorica graduates from FBI National Academy
Santa Maria Police Comm. Nathan Totorica has graduated from the 299th session of the FBI National Academy in Quantico, Virginia.
Kennedy tells antivaccine activists they have a friend in White House
Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. tells antivaccine activists from an organization he once chaired that they have a friend in the White House.
Seattle’s progressive values need businesses to succeed
As the Seattle mayor and council begin deliberations on the city budget, they should remember that a strong economy supports city services.
Apple Watch Ultra 4 Sees First Discount After Launch, Now $779.99 on Amazon
The new Apple Watch Ultra 4 just launched yesterday, and Amazon is offering the first cash discounts on select models for the first time since their launch. You can get the Apple Watch Ultra 4 in Natural with Translucent Gray Ocean Band for $779.99, down from $799.00. Note: MacRumors is an affiliate partner with some of these vendors. When you click a link and make a purchase, we may receive a small payment, which helps us keep the site running.
Latest impressive defensive performance helps undefeated Cedar Ridge stuff Rouse
After allowing nearly 40 points per game last year, Cedar Ridge's defense has dominated so far this season. The Raiders are 4-0 for the first time since 2017.
Bar Harbor Parents Again Raise Concerns About How Some Science Education In Sixth Grade.
The Bar Harbor Story is generously sponsored by Restaurant Barn. BAR HARBOR—Parents again raised concerns this week about how Bar Harbor students receive science instruction after fifth grade, months after the same issue came before the Bar Harbor School Board. The concern centers on a past scheduling change at Conners Emerson School that gives fifth graders a full year of science rather than switching between science and social studies at midyear. Principal Dr. Heather Weir Webster told the board that the school has been monitoring test scores, teacher feedback, and the experience of students as it considers whether the current approach is working. If it is not, the approach may be changed, but that would not likely occur this school year. In fifth and sixth grade, the school used to have one semester of social studies and one of science in each year. That schedule shifted because switching at midyear often broke up the learning units. So, approximately two-three years ago, they decided to shift that a bit. Science became a dedicated focus in fifth grade. Social studies was the dedicated focus in sixth grade. The school staff members are hoping to dive deeply into the data and see if the students are having a more quality experience throughout their time in those grades when it comes to science and social studies. If not, things could shift again. This year, Dr. Webster said at the September meeting, potential changes to curricula have been a bit complicated by moving into the school’s new building in late October and early November. “There have been no changes this year because it’s hard enough to handle the move. That allows them to have consistency,” Dr. Webster said. Dr. Webster said that after the Covid pandemic which prevented students from attending school in person, many fifth graders were struggling. “We tried several different configurations,” she said, including a co-teaching model to help with that struggle, but to also see how to best schedule and support those students. “We found that a January switch” where classes switched from social studies to science was really difficult. Part of the decision making stemmed from science being more hands-on and accessible to fifth graders. Social studies was a bit more abstract content, which was why the school tried the current configuration. In a letter submitted as public comment, parent Beth Dumont wrote, “In May 2026, I wrote to express my concern that our middle school students are not receiving consistent instruction in science and social studies. I appreciate that the Board took this concern seriously and requested a presentation from Principal Webster. I am also grateful for the opportunity to meet with Principal Webster and Julie Keblinsky in July to learn more about the current curriculum and scheduling. “During that meeting, I learned that the current model is intended to integrate science and social studies into other subjects during the years or semesters when they are not offered as standalone courses. “While I appreciate the intent behind this model, I remain concerned about its premise. Science and social studies are core academic disciplines that provide students with essential knowledge, skills, and ways of thinking. Yet under the current schedule, students are not guaranteed consistent instructional time in these subjects. Instead, exposure to content in these disciplines may depend on whether opportunities for integration arise within other classes. “To be clear, I strongly support interdisciplinary learning. Integrating science and social studies across the curriculum can enrich students’ educational experiences and help them make meaningful connections across subject areas. My concern is not with integration itself, but with relying on integration as a substitute for dedicated instruction in core disciplines.” Dr. Webster said that they’ve been monitoring test scores, talking to teachers, seeing how the pilot program works. It’s in its third year now of this schedule. One science teacher, she said, told her he’d seen positive outcomes with full year science and that there was a stronger classroom community. Another science teacher had concerns over the readiness last year, but she isn’t feeling that way about this year’s current class. A third teacher for social studies said he loves the full year. A fourth teacher of social studies hasn’t said that anything has changed. For the three fathers who spoke at the school committee meeting, the fractured science curriculum caused concerns. One father said that when he spoke to others, “all were surprised and confused as to why there was no dedicated, continuous science education,” at the school. Though students are testing well in science and math, he worried that without continuity in education, learning is lost. “We shouldn’t have to choose between key learning disciplines,” he said. Matthew Bergin, another father, agreed, adding, “I’m just a little concerned.” In her letter, Dumont wrote, “As the parent of a recent sixth grader who completed an entire year without a dedicated science course, I saw very little evidence that this integration was occurring in a consistent, systematic, or readily identifiable way. This is not a criticism of our middle school teachers, who have been uniformly excellent. Rather, it is a structural criticism of the current schedule.” Dr. Webster gave an update about all aspects of the schedule and how it’s created and she also spoke to social and emotional learning (SEL) in middle school. It’s explicitly taught but also embedded. Science is embedded as well and explicitly taught at all but that one grade. The school schedule is built from lunch out, then electives like art and physical education are placed, before going into the instruction time, teacher planning time, multi-tier support systems (MTSS), and then social and emotional learning. Teachers have to have 250 minutes a week of planning time per their contracts. That’s the minimum and occurs when their students are at specials. “The schedule is really not the purview of the board,” School Board Chair Marie Yarborough reminded the other board members and the public and thanked Dr. Webster for the presentation. The parents were also thanked for coming. LINK TO LEARN MORE [ ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) [ Despite Strong Rankings, Some Bar Harbor Parents Raise Concerns About School's Science Education ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) Carrie Jones · Jun 4 [ Read full story ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) HELP SUPPORT THE BAR HARBOR STORY When we started The Bar Harbor Story, we didn’t know if anyone would read it. But you showed up. You shared. You sent tips. Now—over 400,000 views every month later—it’s clear: people here care about their community and each other. We’ve kept everything free because news should never be out of reach, but every one of our stories takes time to write, and your support keeps The Bar Harbor Story going. If you value our work, please consider a paid subscription, a founding membership, or a sponsorship. It truly helps us cover one more meeting, tell one more story, shine one more light. Even $5 a month makes a difference. Click here to become a one-time supporter now. Thank you so much for being here. Founding member information can be found here. Have questions about sponsorships? Just send Shaun an email at sfarrar86@gmail.com, he’d love to hear from you. Subscribe Share Bar Harbor Story Share Leave a comment
Arsenal could move for Brentford man in January
Arsenal were among the clubs interested in adding Kevin Schade to their squad during the last transfer window, and the Gunners monitored the Brentford attacker for some time. However, they ultimately ...
Russia holds parliamentary vote in areas it seized from Ukraine in the war
Russia's parliamentary election for the first time is being held in Ukraine's regions that Moscow illegally annexed after the start of its full-scale invasion more than 4 1/2 years ago.
Apple Watch Series 12 might finally convince me to switch away from WHOOP
Earlier this year, I picked up a WHOOP for the very first time. As a longtime Apple Watch user I...
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. There are over 300,000 followers of Ground Truths so more than 90,000 folks who can easily convert to be free subscribers. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. If you’re not a subscriber, please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths The proceeds from all voluntary paid subscriptions go to support our summer internship program. It enabled us to accept and support a record number of 62 summer interns that joined us in 2026! These are high school, college and medical students selected from thousands of applicants. We couldn’t do this expanded program without the funds coming in through Ground Truths. Thank you!
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