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Letters to Sports: More calls for Angels ownership change

Readers of the Los Angeles Times Sports section give their thoughts on Angels owner Arte Moreno, the Rams acquiring Myles Garrett, the Dodgers and USC.

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Jun 6 • 7:00 AM EDT • Sports • latimes.com
New mock drafts offer possibilities for potential Penguin picks

It’s getting to be mock draft season with the event now three weeks away, let’s check on a few of them. 22. Pittsburgh Penguins: Adam Novotny, LW (Peterborough Petes, OHL) Novotný would be a stellar pick here. He’s a rugged forward with an excellent shot – something we saw plenty of times with Peterborough. Novotný surpassed the […]

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Jun 6 • 6:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
California falls behind Texas in Fortune 500 ranking

This year, 57 of the top companies are headquartered in Texas, compared with California’s 56. It’s a reversal from two years ago when the Golden State had the pole position.

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Jun 6 • 6:00 AM EDT • Business • latimes.com
Arkansas basketball 2026 NBA mock draft projections

The NBA Draft is later this month, and a trio of Hogs will hear their names called. Here are the latest mock draft projections for Arkansas prospects.

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Jun 6 • 5:06 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Meet the debutantes: The Times-Picayune presents the 2026-2027 coterie

The culmination of this special season occurs during the weeks of Carnival – and will conclude in 2027 on Mardi Gras, Feb. 9.

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Jun 6 • 5:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • nola.com
2026 U.S. Women's Open Saturday tee times: Round 3 pairings

The 2026 U.S.

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Jun 6 • 3:36 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Alvey named OPS instructional coordinator for math and science

Owensboro Public Schools has selected Lindsey Alvey as its next instructional coordinator for math and science, filling a district leadership role that oversees curriculum and instruction across grade levels.

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Jun 6 • 1:13 AM EDT • Science • owensborotimes.com
How a simple mix-up fueled false conspiracies about L.A. vote count

An update of votes for Los Angeles mayor, reported by media outlets, led some observers to believe there was a large batch of votes counted that included zero votes for candidate Spencer Pratt. There was no such batch, but there was a misleading update.

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Jun 5 • 9:47 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
UW diabetes researcher removed from conference by police

Steven Kahn, director of the UW Diabetes Research Center, was removed by police from a national conference as he and others handed out copies of an editorial.

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Jun 5 • 9:24 PM EDT • Health • seattletimes.com
Becerra advances to November, moves closer to becoming California's first elected Latino governor

Democrat Xavier Becerra consolidated enough support from Democratic base to advance beyond a bitter primary to California governor, while the second spot remains up for grabs.

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Jun 5 • 8:44 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Trinity School of Medical Laboratory Science achieves maximum accreditation

STEUBENVILLE — Trinity Health System’s School of Medical Laboratory Science Program has been awarded the maximum 10-year accreditation by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. As the premier agency for ensuring the highest standards of education in clinical laboratory sciences, NAACLS grants this prestigious 10-year status only to programs that demonstrate exceptional educational […]

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Jun 5 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • weirtondailytimes.com
U doctor booted from conference for handing out editorial opposing Trump health policies

Pediatrician said he was “chest-bumped” several times in standoff with conference security and police in New Orleans after passing out an editorial.

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Jun 5 • 6:37 PM EDT • Health • startribune.com
Ebola outbreak in Central Africa could reach 20,000 cases without strong public health measures

The Ebola outbreak in Central Africa could grow to 20,000 cases or more, depending on how quickly infected people are isolated to slow the spread.

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Jun 5 • 6:09 PM EDT • Health • seattletimes.com
Phoebe Bridgers announces no-phone tour, concerts at Intuit Dome

Phoebe Bridgers will set out on the international Lost Tour in September, with two dates over Halloween weekend at Inglewood's Intuit Dome.

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Jun 5 • 5:22 PM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
Looking back: O’Donnell School of Public Health commencement: Center Times Plus, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

The Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health (OSPH) celebrated its second commencement ceremony on May 13 in the Tom and Lula Gooch Auditorium, marking an exciting milestone for the school and its newest graduates from the Master of Public Health (M.P.H.), Master of Science in Health Informatics (M.S.H.I.), and Master of Science in Clinical Investigation (M.S.C.I.) programs.

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Jun 5 • 4:48 PM EDT • Health • utsouthwestern.edu
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Healthy aging in the LGBTQIA+ community

An estimated 3 million American adults age 50 and older identify as LGBTQIA+,* and that number is expected to grow to about 7 million by 2030 as the U.S. population continues to age. While LGBTQIA+ adults in general are more likely to experience certain health problems than the general population, this may be especially true of older adults because of the cultural conditions they have experienced in their lifetimes.

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Jun 5 • 3:58 PM EDT • Health • phillyvoice.com
Tony Awards 2026: How to watch, start time and who's performing

The 2026 Tony Awards, hosted by popstar P!nk, will air live Sunday on CBS. Here's everything you need to know about the ceremony.

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Jun 5 • 3:16 PM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
How Elon Musk is redefining executive compensation

CEO pay packages have reached extraordinary levels, and Elon Musk stands far above everyone else with a compensation package valued at roughly $132 billion, The New York Times reports. Musk’s compensation is almost entirely stock-based rather than salary or cash bonuses, receiving shares only if Tesla achieves a series of ambitious long-term performance targets tied […]

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Jun 5 • 2:53 PM EDT • Business • businessreport.com
SpaceX IPO running at two times oversubscribed, sources say

SpaceX has drawn investor demand ​that is about double the $75 billion ‌it is seeking to raise next week in its IPO, or $150 billion, said two ​people familiar with the matter on ​Friday.

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Jun 5 • 2:46 PM EDT • Business • reuters.com
Platner ex-girlfriend blasts New York Times story detailing alleged abuse

Lyndsey Fifield said the Times twisted her accounts and betrayed her trust in the paper.

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Jun 5 • 1:41 PM EDT • Politics • spectrumlocalnews.com
Who is Lyndsey Fifield, Graham Platner's ex-girlfriend?

Lyndsey Fifield made most explosive claims about Platner in Thursday's New York Times story.

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Jun 5 • 1:12 PM EDT • Politics • pressherald.com
Liverpool is pushing to beat Arsenal to sign two attackers

Liverpool and Arsenal have both been linked with moves for several of the same attacking targets, and The Times reports that the duo are now competing for two highly rated forwards in the current tran...

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Jun 5 • 1:00 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
UW School of Medicine receives major donation for new scholarship

A gift from the Franke family will help cover half of tuition for about 30 UW medical students.

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Jun 5 • 1:00 PM EDT • Health • seattletimes.com
The Chiefs defense is adjusting to the times

Kansas City has followed the trend of the league by investing resources along the interior of the defensive line.

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Jun 5 • 11:30 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
E-bike safety; lung cancer treatment and prevention; keeping CMA Festival attendees safe; plus other stories with Vanderbilt Health sources

WKRN News 2 interviewed Jeffrey Upperman, MD, FACS, Professor and Chair of the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Surgeon-in-Chief of Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, about e-bike related injuries following the recent death of a Brentwood High student and a proposal to require safety training before students could ride a bike on a school campus in Williamson County. Fabien Maldonado, MD, MSc,Professor of Medicine and Thoracic Surgery, was on WTVF News Channel 5‘s live studio show, “Openline,” with host Ben Hall, to discuss lung cancer, treatment and prevention. WSMV’s “Today In Nashville” program hosted Vanderbilt LifeFlight paramedic/flight nurse practitioner Tony Smith to talk about safety for the CMA Festival. The New York Times reporter Carl Zimmer interviewed James Crowe, MD, Director of the Vanderbilt Center for Antibody Therapeutics, for a story about the race to find vaccines and treatments as Ebola spreads. The Vanderbilt Health News release about the pilot clinical trial conducted by Vanderbilt Health and Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc., that confirms the safety of ifetroban and supports the further development of the drug to prevent cancer metastasis, was picked up by Reuters, Stock Titan,and others. Women We Admire has named Lee Ann Liska, President and Chief Operating Officer, to its list of top women leaders of Nashville for 2026. Radiology Business, Aunt Minnie, Bioengineer, and Imaging Technology News covered the study from Consuelo Wilkins, MD, MSCI, the Mildred Thornton Stahlman Professor in Rural Health and professor of Medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine, that found Black and Hispanic people, while known to be far more apt to have dementia, are significantly less apt than other racial and ethnic groups to show Alzheimer’s pathology on brain scans. STAT News interviewed Deva Sharma, MD, Transfusion Medicine & Hematology-Oncology, for a story about more patients requesting unvaccinated blood and what it means for the medical system at large. Yahoo! Health reporter Korin Miller interviewed Gitanjali Srivastava, MD, Director of Obesity Medicine, for a story about how semaglutide and tirzepatide compare. William Schaffner, MD, Professor of Preventive Medicine, was quoted by several news outlets about public health issues, including: NBC News (new COVID vaccinations); Medscape (pneumonia and sepsis); and CNN (protection from contagious viruses). Shelbyville Times-Gazette is repurposing Jessica Pasley’s July 2025 Vanderbilt Health News story on tick-borne illnesses as a front-page story.

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Jun 5 • 10:54 AM EDT • Health • news.vumc.org
Platner’s latest controversy; Pratt and Hilton await California results: Join Friday’s Whole Hog

Maine Senate hopeful Graham Platner (D) is facing fresh scrutiny after a report from The New York Times detailed new allegations from women about his past behavior in relationships. He has pushed b…

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Jun 5 • 8:24 AM EDT • Politics • thehill.com
Prep talk: Jack Kaplan and Brentwood teammates had quite a season

Brentwood won its first Southern Section baseball title with the junior pitcher helping lead the way.

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Jun 5 • 7:15 AM EDT • Sports • latimes.com
WNBA games today: Schedule, times, how to watch for June 5

Here's the full WNBA schedule for June 5, including game times, TV channels, scores and how to stream.

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Jun 5 • 6:13 AM EDT • Sports • usatoday.com
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JWST Measures Mass Of Most Distant Dormant Black Hole – Shattering Previous Record By 15 Times

JWST and gravitational lensing allowed scientists to resolve an area in the distant universe equivalent to looking at a "coin on the surface of the Moon."

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Jun 5 • 4:12 AM EDT • Science • iflscience.com
As Ebola spreads in Congo, a radio station tries to stop health misinformation

A radio show in Congo is trying to battle misinformation around an ongoing Ebola outbreak.

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Jun 5 • 3:32 AM EDT • Health • seattletimes.com
L.A. Times insider: Austin Reaves wants max deal from Lakers

According to a Los Angeles Times insider, the Lakers may have no choice but to give Austin Reaves a max contract this summer if they want to keep him.

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Jun 5 • 12:39 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
AOC dodges questions on abuse allegations, Nazi tattoo claims rocking Platner's campaign

Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said she needs time to review new allegations of aggressive behavior against Maine Senate candidate Graham Platner reported by the New York Times

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Jun 4 • 8:42 PM EDT • Politics • foxnews.com
Seahawks’ Cooper Kupp sees room for growth in Year 2 in Seattle

As Cooper Kupp enters his second season with the Seahawks, Seattle appears to finally feel like home, which he says is "definitely helpful."

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Jun 4 • 8:41 PM EDT • Sports • seattletimes.com
Seattle-founded firm ditching its namesake downtown office tower

Docusign is signaling a plan to leave the Docusign Tower for a new office a few blocks away.

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Jun 4 • 8:27 PM EDT • Business • seattletimes.com
O.C. officials walk back claim of 'no leak' in chemical tank crisis

In response to questions from The Times, the O.C. Healthcare Agency said it did not dispute statements that vapors were released from the pressurized tank on May 21.

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Jun 4 • 6:59 PM EDT • Health • latimes.com
LAPD and feds conduct drug-busting operation in fentanyl hotspot MacArthur Park

The Los Angeles Police Department and federal agents are working on a joint operation targeting "illegal narcotics activity" in MarArthur Park, a hotspot for fentanyl sales and use, on Thursday afternoon, authorities said.

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Jun 4 • 6:57 PM EDT • Business • latimes.com
Valve says it’s ready to launch the Steam Machine this summer

Steam hardware summer.

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Jun 4 • 6:48 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Report details allegations of unsettling behavior toward women by Graham Platner

Maine Democratic Senate candidate Graham Platner is facing allegations of unsettling and in least one case physically threatening behavior toward women he dated, according to a report published Thursday by The New York Times.

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Jun 4 • 6:36 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
NM Health Care Authority announces $76M in federal rural healthcare funds

When fully implemented, the program aims to reduce long wait times, chronic disease risk factors and readmission rates to rural hospitals.

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Jun 4 • 6:33 PM EDT • Health • sourcenm.com
2026 primary election results: Here's how your neighborhood voted for Los Angeles mayor

In the race for Los Angeles mayor, incumbent Karen Bass secured a place on the November ballot.

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Jun 4 • 5:32 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Scientists just solved a decades-old mystery about the black hole in the middle of our galaxy

They captured an image 100 times deeper and 80 times sharper than previous maps of the region

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Jun 4 • 4:41 PM EDT • Science • ca.news.yahoo.com
‘The Odyssey’ slams AMC's website as fans try to get tickets

If you want tickets to Christopher Nolan's epic ‘The Odyssey,’ you'll need to get in line. On Thursday, wait times on the AMC website reached an hour as hopeful moviegoers scrambled to secure seats.

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Jun 4 • 4:37 PM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
2026 Memorial Tournament Friday tee times: Round 2 pairings

Full 2026 Memorial Tournament tee times for Friday's second round at Muirfield Village, featuring Jordan Spieth, Rory McIlroy and more.

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Jun 4 • 3:52 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Senate rejects an initial attempt to ban Trump's $1.8-billion 'anti-weaponization' fund

It was the second effort in Congress to rebuke President Trump in two days, following the House vote Wednesday to rein in Trump's war powers in Iran.

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Jun 4 • 3:31 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Decoding the Complex Science of Obesity

GLP-1. GIP. Amylin. Incretins. Peptides. NuSH. It’s not hard to see why the language surrounding modern obesity research sometimes feels like an alphabet soup of scientific terms. But behind each is a growing understanding of how the body regulates hunger, metabolism, energy use, and weight. It’s shaping what we know about how those systems might contribute to obesity.

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Jun 4 • 1:07 PM EDT • Science • pfizer.com
A political split in Oregon's Columbia River Gorge

Visit Hood River, as so many people do, and you’ll see on the front windows of many downtown businesses a sign saying: “We are immigrants,” and sometimes next to them signs saying, “No trespassing — no federal agents — agents lacking judicial warrants will be turned away.” Many took care to advertise an April 23 […]

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Jun 4 • 1:00 PM EDT • Politics • oregoncapitalchronicle.com
Trump war on science hits WA shores

Far from making America great again, the Trump administration has given away or destroyed most of the advantages that have made this country a world leader.

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Jun 4 • 1:00 PM EDT • Science • seattletimes.com
With Oval Office replica and skyline views of Chicago, Obama's new museum is political and personal

Former President Barack Obama’s influence in his presidential museum runs deep, from the Chicago location to the textured stone adorning its dramatic tower, art installations and a striped reading chairs that resemble ones in his own home

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Jun 4 • 11:12 AM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
In Iowa, water pollution is a health threat that also disrupts summer fun

Iowa’s waterways face significant pollution challenges due to agricultural runoff and sewage.

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Jun 4 • 9:02 AM EDT • Health • seattletimes.com
WA doctors were sent for mental health help. It hurt their careers

Two former UW Medicine residents allege in a recent lawsuit that a physicians health program misdiagnosed them and threw their careers off track.

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Jun 4 • 9:00 AM EDT • Health • seattletimes.com
OPINION: Small businesses are backbone of Texas, El Paso, Borderland

State Sen. Cesar Blanco, D-El Paso, is pushing new laws to protect Texas small businesses from cyber threats and red tape.

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Jun 4 • 8:01 AM EDT • Business • yahoo.com
Madonna Turns Times Square into Night Club, Previews New Album to Kick Off Pride Month at Surprise Concert: 'C'mon, Gays!'

Madonna turned New York City's Times Square into a vibrant dance floor to preview 'Confessions II' to kick off Pride Month in partnership with Grindr. She took the stage in a glamorous pink corset paired with coordinating stockings and silver lace-up boots to perform songs from the new album.

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Jun 4 • 8:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • people.com
All Confirmed & Rumored Games For Summer Game Fest 2026

Summer Game Fest is almost here, so let's dive into which games will feature during the showcase, confirmed or otherwise.

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Jun 4 • 6:48 AM EDT • Technology • insider-gaming.com
10 Pride Month events around Madison celebrate LGBTQ+ community

This June, Madison will be bustling with local Pride events. Celebrate the LGBTQ+ community with Middleton Pride 2026, Live On Queen, Drag Bingo and more.

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Jun 4 • 6:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • captimes.com
L.A. Dance Project's 'City of Dance' puts free dance in public spaces

Choreographer Benjamin Millepied's L.A. Dance Project is taking its work to the streets of Los Angeles over a period of two weeks with free performances at LACMA's David Geffen Galleries, Hollywood Forever Cemetery and Hollyhock House at Barnsdall Art Park.

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Jun 4 • 6:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
Vote in our L.A. Sports Hall of Fame (USC edition)

Introducing the L.A. Times Sports Report Hall of Fame, where readers vote for Hall of Famers in various categories.

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Jun 4 • 5:55 AM EDT • Sports • latimes.com
Dodgers' Alex Freeland: Gets aboard four times

Dodgers' Alex Freeland: Gets aboard four times

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Jun 4 • 2:31 AM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com
New poll has Robertson leading in GOP AG runoff

MONTGOMERY — With just two weeks to go until election day, Katherine Robertson leads Jay Mitchell by around 18 points in the Republican runoff for attorney general, according to a

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Jun 4 • 1:32 AM EDT • Politics • timesdaily.com
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Women are the first caregivers in this Ebola outbreak and the most at risk

Women in eastern Congo are often the first caregivers when family members fall ill.

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Jun 4 • 1:18 AM EDT • Health • seattletimes.com
Orange County business owner supplied Iran with U.S. technology, federal prosecutors say

A Newport Coast man running a business out of Iran was arrested and charged with violating federal law Wednesday after prosecutors say he spent years illegally importing American technology into the country, including to Iran's nuclear establishment, without notifying the U.S. government.

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Jun 3 • 8:23 PM EDT • Business • latimes.com
Orange County business owner supplied Iran with U.S. technology, federal prosecutors say

Jamshid Ghomi, 63, of Newport Coast is accused of conspiracy to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, according to a federal criminal complaint.

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Jun 3 • 8:23 PM EDT • Business • yahoo.com
Beluga whales keep switching mates and it may be saving their species

Hidden beneath Arctic waters, beluga whales have long kept their family lives a mystery. By analyzing DNA from more than 600 belugas in Alaska’s Bristol Bay over 13 years, researchers uncovered a surprisingly flexible mating system: both males and females regularly have offspring with different partners over their lifetimes.

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Jun 3 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • sciencedaily.com
Unsafe food causes 866 million illnesses and 1.5 million deaths annually, young children at highest risk

Children aged less than five years face almost three times the risk of illness from unsafe food than older children and adults, according to new estimates released today by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Jun 3 • 8:00 PM EDT • Health • who.int
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Draft defense bill would halt cuts, closures of military health facilities

House members are seeking to stop the closure or reductions of services at U.S. military hospitals and clinics.

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Jun 3 • 4:41 PM EDT • Health • militarytimes.com
‘SNL’s’ Marcello Hernández to host 2026 ESPYs as show leaves L.A.

Marcello Hernández will host the 2026 ESPY Awards, which are are leaving L.A. for New York after more than 25 years.

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Jun 3 • 4:14 PM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
SIFF is bringing back 70mm screenings — and it’s starting with a big movie

Tickets for screenings of “The Odyssey,” the first film shot entirely on IMAX film cameras, at SIFF Cinema Downtown go on sale Thursday morning.

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Jun 3 • 2:00 PM EDT • Entertainment • seattletimes.com
In race for Pelosi's seat, her famed political influence was a factor

Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-San Francisco), 86 and retiring, is still a political influence in the Bay Area, as seen by her endorsement of her replacement.

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Jun 3 • 1:24 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Takeaways from the California gubernatorial primary election

Money can't buy love. The gubernatorial glass ceiling remains intact. California voters show — again — that boring can be beautiful. Five takeaways from the gubernatorial primary.

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Jun 3 • 12:36 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Why Kalshi Wants Businesses To Bet on the Knicks, Too

A Manhattan bar is using Kalshi as an insurance policy for a free-drinks promotion. This is the future prediction markets want.

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Jun 3 • 10:47 AM EDT • Business • nymag.com
Algal blooms explained: How scientists are helping spot them sooner

Algal blooms can seem to appear overnight. A stretch of ocean that looked clear days earlier can suddenly appear discolored and sometimes pose risks to ecosystems and human health. But scientists say ...

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Jun 3 • 9:20 AM EDT • Science • phys.org
Amateur sleuth exposes basic blunder in scores of cancer studies

Scientists at Cambridge, Oxford, Stanford and other universities appear to have accidentally used the wrong ingredient in their experiments

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Jun 3 • 8:21 AM EDT • Science • thetimes.com
The cult of objectivity has broken consciousness science

With 22 competing theories and no consensus in sight, the science of consciousness is lost. In this exclusive IAI interview, Berkeley psychedelics researcher and bestselling author of a new book on consciousness Michael Pollan insists that even though consciousness lies beyond traditional forms of scientific investigation, we should resist becoming dualists who see it as something radically different from ordinary stuff in the world. Instead, he makes the case for reimagining science itself: it must stop reaching for objective descriptions of physical reality, and instead embrace subjectivity as the indispensable core of all inquiry. Alasdair Craig: How did your experiences with psychedelics get you interested in consciousness?Michael Pollan: One of the things that happens on psychedelics is that they foreground consciousness. What formerly seemed perfectly transparent and ever present—and yet, non-existent, as water is to fish—suddenly you see it. The metaphor I use in the book is that psychedelics sponge the windscreen. Suddenly you realize: wow, there’s a windscreen, there is this phenomenon that’s mediating my relationship to reality. This is not an unusual realization on psychedelics. I think a lot of people are called to think about consciousness after psychedelic experiences. So that was the proximate inspiration for A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness (2026).And then there was a more specific way in which psychedelics influence the book. That was a particular experience I had on psilocybin. I had the sensation that the plants in my garden were conscious and returning my gaze, with their own point of view and agency, and I got curious as to how to evaluate an insight like that. I mean, what’s the truth quotient of insights you have on psychedelics? And I was reading William James—who, of course, wrote beautifully about mystical experience—and he said, we can’t judge the metaphysics here, but we should pay attention to two criteria: (1) How useful is it to think this is true? He was a pragmatist, of course. And (2) can we subject it to other ways of knowing to validate it? Because maybe we should treat these insights as hypotheses. And that’s kind of how I approach psychedelics, as a great generator of hypotheses, but they need to be tested against other ways of knowing. And so that led me down this long path exploring the science of plant intelligence and plant sentience.AC: I love your phrase, “smudging the windowpane of conscious experience.” So do you now start to think, actually, even when I’m not on psychedelics, I’m just seeing a screen all the time, which is not reality, but rather is my conscious experience, behind which reality is hidden?MP: Well, you know, not when I’m brushing my teeth and making breakfast! But yes, in meditation, certainly. I mean, one of the things you realize is that my experience happens to be this way now, but it could be another way. And many things can affect it. My morning coffee changes the screen in various ways, sharpens certain things.___The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness.___There’s this wonderful metaphor in Aldous Huxley’s book, The Doors of Perception, where he thinks we channel consciousness, and that what the brain does is edit it, and there’s a reducing valve. And psychedelics open the reducing valve wider. I don’t know that I’m ready to buy into the idea that consciousness exists outside brains, but I do love that metaphor because there are times when you are more conscious than others. I know I’ve switched from window pane to valve, but you know, a camera aperture can open wider or narrower. And I do have a sense of that. I have a sense of when I’m being less conscious, and when I’m being more conscious, by which I mean, you know, more present, taking in more sensory information. So when you start thinking about consciousness as a matter of degree, that changes things also.I think when we scroll on social media, obviously, we’re conscious. But minimally so, because we don’t have to generate our own thoughts. We’re basically taking these little hits from other people and thinking their thoughts.The process of writing this book made me kind of relativize everyday consciousness as just one type, which is exactly what William James said. Normal consciousness is one type, separated by the flimsiest of screens from the other types.AC: If we stick with the metaphor of the smudge on the window that you get when you take psychedelics, it seems like we’re saying that consciousness has become like an object that you’re looking at, right? You’re looking at the smudge and that just is consciousness. But sometimes we’ll talk about consciousness as a state that you’re in, rather than an object you can perceive. You’re either conscious or you’re not conscious. So it’s difficult to really know what sort of thing we’re talking about when we talk about consciousness, right?MP: Yeah. When you say that consciousness is an object, what’s the subject? Consciousness also? The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness. So we’re in a closed loop and when we get a perspective on consciousness, we’re not achieving any distance from it. That’s one of the problems with studying consciousness. Science is predicated on an objective, God’s eye view of things, and you never get that. There’s no such thing. SUGGESTED VIEWING The brain filters consciousness With Àlex Gómez-Marín But, yeah, there is this sense, I think, that consciousness is something you can approach. Certainly, when you’re writing and trying to recreate a conscious experience, it’s a fiction, but you’re standing back from it, and looking at it. But there’s no real subject-object distinction.AC: That’s so interesting, because when philosophers start talking about consciousness, they often talk about what they call “qualia”, which is their word for the felt experience of, say, the color red. And I think that way of speaking often makes us think of the qualia as an object, which you can see out there: the redness of red. But, as you say, we also want to collapse the subject-object distinction when we talk about consciousness. So there’s something strange going on here…MP: Oh, yeah, there are many strange things going on! *AC: Let’s talk about the varieties of consciousness. Apart from perceptions, there are, pains, emotions, thoughts, and so on. What is it that holds all this diversity together so that they all count as instances of consciousness? What is it that they all have in common?MP: Yeah, that’s a really good question. I mean, there is sensory information, right? Which we perceive coming from the world outside ourselves. And then there’s internal information, which is what’s called interoception. And this is very important too. This is where feelings come from—what are sometimes called homeostatic feelings—that are intended to get the brain to keep us in these narrow ranges of temperature and glucose and so on. That’s a very important part of consciousness. And according to some researchers, who I think are probably right, this is where consciousness begins, with these very primal feelings, like hunger and thirst and warmth and itch, and things like that. And then there’s this third thing, which is our thinking about thinking.And what holds all this together is, I think, the sense of self. Consciousness generates a self: it is probably an organizing principle. All this stuff is happening to the self. It’s a construct, I think, but it is very useful. It can connect all these different streams of consciousness to a single being or a place, metaphorically speaking.* AC: The first half of your book is about the science of consciousness. Is consciousness just another thing, like black holes or the origin of life, which we don’t yet understand, but which we should have every hope that science will one day get to the bottom of, or is there something special about consciousness that makes this unlikely?MP: It depends how you define science. As we define science now, it’s going be very difficult. Science since Galileo has had a set of rules or assumptions, which is that the proper remit of science is to deal with the objective, quantifiable, third-person world. And the physical sciences have done amazing work under that set of limitations. Galileo—for tactical reasons, not for philosophical reasons—said science should not deal with the soul, which at the time was what consciousness was considered to be. So what is subjective, what is qualitative, what is first person, we’re going to leave to the church, he said. And this was a good agreement, and it probably kept many scientists from getting burned at the stake. But it leaves science in an awkward spot, now that it wants to venture into that territory of qualities, of first-person experience. And I don’t think it has the proper tools. I think it will have to add to its toolkit in some way, and find a way to bring in phenomenology, or lived experience and introspection, which science is usually dismissive of.The challenge—we alluded to it earlier—is that the only tool you have to study consciousness with is consciousness. And what I mean by that is, the whole scientific enterprise is a manifestation of consciousness. As much as scientists like to flatter themselves with this idea that they attain a godlike perspective on what they study, when it comes to consciousness, there’s no such thing. And it’s fine for all the things you can step outside of and study from that perspective. But two areas it won’t work are consciousness and cosmology.___It could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.___With cosmology, too, you have to study the universe from inside the universe. It’s not that cosmologists haven’t made progress. We know a lot about the age of the universe and expansion and things like that. But we can’t penetrate what happened before the Big Bang. We just don’t have the tools because we can’t stand outside.The fact that there are 22 full-scale theories of consciousness tells you all you need to know: we’re kind of lost. And I was surprised to find that we are more lost than I thought we were when I started this. I thought that there’d be leading theories, or that we had experiments that we could conduct that would nail some of this down. And the fact is, we don’t.So, I don’t know if science can solve it. But, of course, we can change the rules of science. A really influential book for me was a book called The Blind Spot, by two physicists, Marcello Gleiser and Adam Frank, and a philosopher, Evan Thompson. It’s a reminder that science is a social practice. It’s organized in a certain way and it can be organized in a different way. But it has this huge blind spot at the center of it, which is its failure to recognize that it is a form of consciousness itself, and it doesn’t have a good way of taking account of lived experience.AC: On the one hand, I think you want to resist traditional dualism, which would say that consciousness is something magical, something supernatural, right? But on the other hand, you’re accepting that there is this division in reality between the stuff that you can investigate objectively and measure, and so on—the stuff that science has been good at finding out about—and consciousness, which, for some reason, you can’t objectively measure. Some would take this to suggest that the dualism is actually right. Is there a way of reconciling these two strands of your thinking?MP: To call it magical is full of value judgement. I mean, you could just say immaterial. The interesting thing is, I think, that intuitively we’re all dualists. And I don’t know whether that’s because we’re children of Descartes and other cultures are less dualist than we are. Or it may be because that’s how consciousness feels. It feels different than the body. It feels separate from the body. But I don’t think we should trust that intuition.AC: So let’s think about ways that science might be changed to get at consciousness. I suppose the starting point would be the way that you begin the second half of your book. You have this nice line from William James, where he says, “We now begin our study of the mind from within.” Could you give us some sense of the ways of studying the mind from within? What does this involve?MP: I don’t know what that science looks like. But one of the points I’m making is that it depends on the humanities. I found that I learned as much, if not more, about consciousness, from reading novels and poetry. There is a sense of the fullness and complexity of consciousness that you don’t get in any scientific account. I interviewed this stream-of-consciousness writer and I approached her as an expert on consciousness, and she is. So I think that dialogue is really important.I’m reading Ben Lerner’s new novel, Transcription. Just read the first page of this novel: it’s a man falling asleep on a train, going to conduct an interview, and there is the experience of being in the train, facing backwards, there’s the view outside, but there’s a reflection of himself through which he’s seeing outside. There’s the memory of dropping his kids off at school. All this is going on in one moment of consciousness. Scientists aren’t going anywhere near that. But I think it’s useful for them to think about. That’s where we’re trying to go: like, how does such a layered experience happen? You know, it also makes you wonder, could a computer ever do this? And it gives you some doubt.*AC: Before we get to computers, perhaps we could talk briefly about plants. How did you come to feel that they are sentient?MP: Well, it was a psychedelic experience, and it’s not unusual on psychedelics. In fact, there’ve been studies about how people become animists during psychedelic experience. Their belief in animism arises after a single psychedelic experience.You know, most scientists would say this is all a myth. But we have only 400 years of the age of enlightenment and science. Before that, we were animists, and if you go around the world, most indigenous cultures are still animists, and children are animists, by and large, until they go to school. So it could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.As I said, I wanted to test this idea, and see whether there was conventional scientific evidence for it. And there’s fascinating work going on in a field that calls itself—in a rather cheeky way—plant neurobiology. These are people who fully realize there are no neurons in plants, but they’re trolling conventional botanists! And they’re doing experiments that are demonstrating that plants can learn and remember, which is kind of amazing: how do you store a memory without neurons? They’re finding plants that can solve problems, that can hear and see. In fact, they have 20 senses to our five or six. For example, a bean plant looking for something to twine, and given a pole within eight inches or so of it, knows where that pole is and will aim its spiraling reach at that pole. What is that about? Is it bouncing signals off of it?One of the spookiest things is the fact that the same anesthetics that put us out put plants out. You might think that plants are already out, but they’re not. They’re just slow. If you take a plant with a fast behavior, like a Venus flytrap, and give it an anesthetic, it will stop reacting. So you have to ask yourself, what is lost when the plant is anaesthetized? Some state of alertness, of awareness, of its environment, of reactivity. I’m not prepared to call that consciousness, but maybe it’s sentience—which is a simpler form of consciousness, and involves the ability to sense what’s going on in your environment and assess what’s good and bad for you and act appropriately. That may be a universal quality of life.AC: Let’s turn from plants to AI. You point out that LLMs are trained on the internet rather than direct interactions with reality. You put this really nicely when you say the internet is not the world so much as a shadow cast by the world. So LLMs are living in this kind of shadow world, or in Plato’s cave, as you put it. What’s the significance of this for AI consciousness and moral consideration? And, to recall the beginning of our conversation, if we’re stuck behind a veil or screen of consciousness, are we also stuck in a kind of shadow world?MP: I don’t think they’re the same shadow worlds because our world includes nature and other people. And even if it’s mediated in some ways... There is a reality out there, and we are in relation to it, through consciousness. There’s friction with it. What’s missing from the LLMs is that friction with the real world. There’s more to the world than human representation, which is what they’re dealing with. And that means that so far, AI is a cultural technology for combining thoughts we’ve already had. SUGGESTED VIEWING Cracking the code for thought With Roger Penrose, Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski, Max Tegmark, Güneş Taylor Genuine creativity is more than collage. A lot of what AI does now is tantamount to collage, putting this with that and you know, that’s part of art, certainly. But there are also genuinely new ideas that come into the world that don’t come in through manipulating the representations we already have. So it remains to be seen whether AIs can be truly creative in that more radical sense.But my arguments against AI becoming conscious have to do with the fact that the idea of AI consciousness is based on this faulty metaphor that the brain is a computer. There are dimensions in which the brain is like a computer—it certainly does its share of computation. But computers have this sharp distinction between hardware and software, and brains don’t. In a brain, hardware and software are identical. Every memory is a physical change to the brain. Brains are not interchangeable in the way computers are. So this idea that you could take the consciousness out and somehow run it on another substrate, a silicon substrate, seems foolhardy.Anyway, it’s a more extended argument, and I may be wrong. And when we move to computers that aren’t based on silicon—neuromorphic computers and things like that—all bets may be off.AC: Regarding your point about LLMs being stuck in the world of our representations—the internet or whatever—and not being able to interact with reality, are these representations, the world of the internet, themselves part of reality? We’ve created the internet, but it’s still a real thing that exists. And so while the LLMs may be trapped within that part of reality, they’re nevertheless within reality and interacting with it and so on. So it’s not obvious that there’s a barrier there to them becoming conscious and being creative.MP: Yeah, I mean, if our consciousness is built out of human culture, which is what we’re talking about with all those representations. But I tend to think consciousness comes a bit more out of nature and friction with the natural world, but...AC: So there’s a fundamental divide between the natural world and human artefacts?MP: And we lose track of that, and especially people in this computer world. You know, the people who are creating these AI systems, my guess is they’ve been into video games since the age of three, and they didn’t go outside a lot. And their own contact with nature is somewhat limited. I could be wrong, it’d be a very interesting thing to ask, all the wizards of AI, whether they like to go fishing and hiking and do things like that. Or were they on computers from a very early age? I interviewed Blake Lemoine, the Google engineer who came to believe that LaMDA, the Google LLM out at the time, was conscious and deserved personhood. It was very clear that he didn’t see a distinction between this bubble in which he lived and the real world. And I think we’ve all been distanced from the natural world, and this is taking us even further away. But it’s still there, you know, and we still have bodies, and we’re still mortal, and we don’t live in a simulation.AC: I think that’s a great place to finish. Michael Pollan, thank you very much!

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • iai.tv
2026 Memorial Tournament odds, picks: Surprising predictions by golf model that's nailed 17 majors

Mike McClure's model has simulated the Memorial Tournament 2026 10,000 times and revealed PGA picks this week

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Jun 3 • 7:02 AM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com
TV and streaming viewing picks for June 3, 2026: How to watch NBA Finals Game 1

All Times Eastern Australian Rules Football AFL Men’s — Round 13 Adelaide Crows vs. Geelong Cats — Fox Soccer Plus, 5:30 a.m. (Thursday) College Football With the First Pick — CBS Sports Network, 1 p.m. All-Access: Kentucky Spring Football — SEC Network, 8 p.m. College Golf Men’s NCAA Division I Men’s Golf Championship National Championship,…

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Jun 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Where to watch Phoenix Mercury vs Seattle Storm on June 3: TV channel, start time and streaming

Here's how to watch Wednesday's Seattle Storm vs Phoenix Mercury game, including start times, TV channels, scores and how to stream.

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Jun 3 • 6:14 AM EDT • Sports • usatoday.com
Contributor: U.S. lead in science is shrinking fast as China, India and even Iran catch up

As global competition intensifies, the United States risks driving away the world’s brightest minds rather than drawing them in.

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Jun 3 • 6:04 AM EDT • Science • latimes.com
Riverhead Town approves eminent domain to seize Long Island Science Center

In a 3-1 vote, the Riverhead Town Board approved a resolution to go forward with eminent domain proceedings to acquire the Long Island Science Center.

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Jun 3 • 6:00 AM EDT • Science • riverheadnewsreview.timesreview.com
'Grangeville' review: Samuel D. Hunter play grapples with fraught past

The Idaho-set play has its West Coast premiere at Ruskin Group Theatre in a production directed by John Perrin Flynn and starring Tim Cummings and Jeff LeBeau.

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Jun 3 • 6:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
Waiting times for healthcare in Europe: The worst countries ranked

Waiting times for treatment in some European countries can run for years. This has real consequences for patients, experts warn. Euronews Health takes a close look at waiting times across several categories.

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Jun 3 • 1:00 AM EDT • Health • euronews.com
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Best Bets for this week’s entertainment, June 3, 2026

Looking for something to do this weekend? Find it in our Best Bets.

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Jun 3 • 12:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • thetimes-tribune.com
Supreme Court rules Alabama may redraw congressional maps to oust a Black Democrat

The decision clears the way for the governor and state lawmakers to redraw their congressional voting map with six districts that favor Republicans and one that favors a Democrat.

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Jun 2 • 9:49 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Supervisors approve Valley Commerce rezoning application

Plans to build a nearly 1 million square foot flex industrial park outside Purcellville can move forward after the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors approved a rezoning application June 2.

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Jun 2 • 9:43 PM EDT • Business • loudountimes.com
Keiko Fujimori: Peru's Biggest Political Loser Eyes Election Win

Peru's Keiko Fujimori is a perennial political loser. She has run for the nation's presidency three elections in a row -- and three times, she has lost.

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Jun 2 • 8:58 PM EDT • Politics • barrons.com
Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for June 3 #618

Here's today's Connections: Sports Edition answer and hints for groups. These clues will help you solve The New York Times' popular puzzle game, Connections: Sports Edition, every day.

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Jun 2 • 8:45 PM EDT • Sports • cnet.com
With Myles Garrett, will Rams finally find true L.A. sports fan love?

The Rams are doing everything they can to be perennial Super Bowl title contenders, but will they ever get closer to the Dodgers and Lakers in popularity?

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Jun 2 • 8:38 PM EDT • Sports • latimes.com
Science: HHS Asking for Changes in NIH-Funded Research

The Department of Health and Human Services is now reviewing all grants approved by its National Institutes of Health, and HHS staff “sometimes ask for substantive changes in the research,”

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Jun 2 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • insidehighered.com
Peabo Bryson dead: R&B singer known for Disney classics was 75

R&B singer Peabo Bryson died Tuesday in Marietta, Ga., after suffering a stroke over the weekend, according to his familiy.

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Jun 2 • 7:21 PM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
Martin Scorsese is betting on AI to transform storyboarding process

Martin Scorsese is joining AI firm Black Forest Labs as an advisor to 'push the bounds of creativity.'

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Jun 2 • 6:51 PM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin refuses to commit to following court orders

Mullin faced the Senate Appropriations committee amid scrutiny over the agency's budget and immigration enforcement ahead of the World Cup.

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Jun 2 • 6:47 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
L.A. Rep. Jimmy Gomez reportedly faces House investigation over sexual misconduct allegations

The investigation came after the New York Post reported that the five-term congressman had been spotted kissing a much younger congressional staffer from a different office in 2023.

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Jun 2 • 5:33 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Trump signs an executive order to vet top AI models for national security risks

The order establishes a framework for the federal government to vet the national security risks of the most advanced AI systems for up to a month before their public release.

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Jun 2 • 1:46 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Political play or budget fix? Competition for JPL's management comes at a fraught moment

A competitive contract isn’t necessarily a bad thing, experts say. But the administration’s anti-science record raises suspicion.

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Jun 2 • 12:47 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Seahawks agree to three-year extension with pass rusher

Rush end Derick Hall has agreed to a three-year contract extension with the Seahawks that is reported to be worth as much as $46.9 million.

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Jun 2 • 12:16 PM EDT • Sports • seattletimes.com
Chapel Hill Super Regional schedule officially announced for UNC, USC

The UNC baseball squad advanced to their third-straight Super Regional with Sunday's win. They now know their game times vs. the USC Trojans.

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Jun 2 • 11:52 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
How Science Works

The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last year’s event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience — I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (I’ve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people don’t really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic — climate change, vaccines, you name it — revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which aren’t. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, they’ll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. That’s more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice it’s more iterative — you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis you’ve ended up with. But this isn’t science. It’s only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes — scientists are human. Maybe there’s a bug in the code, maybe there’s an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesn’t mean it’s right, and scientists don’t treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and they’ll tell you peer review is miserable — the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it can’t catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they can’t catch hidden errors — a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesn’t mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. That’s where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. That’s how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 — and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well — Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they don’t understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events — meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasn’t chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising — which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the “smoking gun” paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And it’s worth being clear that this consensus is organic. There’s no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. It’s the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesn’t even mention the rival theories — it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. That’s what a consensus looks like. It doesn’t mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean there’s no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? It’s all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But there’s a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole — without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. There’s a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call “nerd.” It’s extremely hard to read — honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we can’t expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC — the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing what’s settled, what’s been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability — in other words, we don’t know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence — a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged “likely” due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, “very likely”; by 2013, “extremely likely.” The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 — there’s not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe — the most successful method we’ve ever developed for determining what’s true and what isn’t. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, that’s where to look. And for those of us who don’t speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone — they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.

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Jun 2 • 10:35 AM EDT • Science • theclimatebrink.com
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The work you can't always see: Beer is political, part 2

Recently I published a piece about beer, politics, and the question of who speaks up and who doesn’t. I meant every word of it. I still do. And then my inbox opened up. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe I’ve been writing about beer since 2014. For most of that time, I kept things deliberately light — taproom profiles, new releases, the people behind the pints. Gradually, over years of building this thing, you gave me something I didn’t expect: permission. Permission to go deeper. To say what I actually saw in this industry and what I actually believed about it. That trust isn’t something I take lightly. It’s why that piece existed at all, and it’s why this one does too. I’m not walking anything back. But I want to go further. In that piece, I wrote that beer has never existed outside the system. That immigration policy affects who staffs breweries and harvests ingredients. That labor policy affects taproom workers. That civil rights policy affects who feels safe walking into a taproom. That “beer does not exist in a vacuum. The idea that it does is comforting. It is also false.” I believe that as much now as I did when I wrote it. But one idea came back at me, in different forms, over and over (from reader emails, comments, and conversations): that beer itself isn’t political — that it only becomes political when someone decides to make it that way. That what we’re really seeing is a choice by individuals to inject division into something that doesn’t inherently require it. It’s a comforting idea. It’s also wrong — and I think it’s worth being precise about why. That framing assumes that breweries operate outside the conditions shaping everything else. That politics is something you choose to bring into a room that was, until then, clean and neutral. That if you stay quiet, you stay clear of it. But the room was never neutral. It was never clean. Politics is already in the room. It’s in who walks through the door comfortably and who hesitates. It’s in whether a space can be used for organizing without fear. It’s in whether helping someone quietly might carry consequences you have to think carefully about in advance. It’s in who staffed the brewery, who harvested the grain, who can afford to be a regular. The idea that you opt out of all that by staying quiet is an illusion. You only change how visible your response to it is. This is, I realize, a hard thing to hear if you came to a beer newsletter for something lighter. I wrote recently that “beer, for me, has always felt like a refuge — a third place in an increasingly fractured world.” I meant that. I still do. But a refuge is not an escape from reality. It’s a place to gather strength to face it. Here’s what I actually missed — and what I want to correct. Multiple people in the industry reached out to me. I’m not naming them and I’m not identifying their businesses, because that’s not my call. If and when they want to be loud about what they’re doing, that agency belongs to them. What I can share is the substance of what they said, because it complicated something I presented too cleanly. The overall message: *You don’t know what we all are doing.* And they’re right. I don’t. One example involved a collaboration brewed quietly to support another business facing serious challenges in a whole different region, with proceeds directed toward solidarity, community, and keeping operations afloat. No announcement. It could have been broadcast widely. The point was never publicity. Another example involved logistical support for community efforts: organizing safe transportation, providing space for meetings on otherwise closed days, facilitating gatherings under difficult conditions. All of it happening while balancing real financial pressure and genuine concern for personal safety. None of what they described is a brewer “deciding to make beer political.” It’s people responding to the conditions around them — conditions that are already shaping who feels safe, who has access, who can gather, who needs help, and who has the capacity to offer it. Politics, again, already in the room. Already shaping choices. Whether anyone announced it or not. I’ve spent decades in taprooms, at barrel releases, at festivals, in back offices and brewing floors, talking to the people who built this industry from nothing. I know how much happens that never makes it onto social media. I know the owner who quietly comp’d a tab for someone having a crisis. The brewer who drove an hour to pick up a stranger who needed a safe ride. The taproom that stayed dark on a Tuesday so a community group could use the space without it becoming A Whole Thing. None of that gets a post. Most of it never will. So when I wrote recently about silence — when I said that “silence right now doesn’t feel neutral, it feels like complicity” — I was writing about what I could see. And I was right about what I saw. The public silence of breweries that have the platform, the stability, and frankly the safety to say something and choose not to? That still troubles me. I’m not softening that. But some of what I read as silence is actually something else entirely. It’s people doing the work with their hands instead of their phones. It’s people who are genuinely afraid — not of being canceled, but of real consequences for their families, their employees, their ability to keep the doors open at all. That deserves more than a footnote. It deserves to be named clearly. Here’s the tension I want to sit with honestly: public statements matter. They matter because people can’t rally around something they can’t see. Visibility creates awareness and solidarity. It helps people find each other. It tells someone standing outside your taproom door, uncertain whether they’ll be welcomed inside, something they need to know — or whether it’s even safe for them to be in public at all. That’s not performative. I wrote recently that the craft beer movement “was built on collective defiance. It was built on rejecting consolidation. On pushing back against homogeneity.” I believe that too. And I’ll extend it: breweries should be at least as loud about their values as they are when they drop a new seasonal. Your hazy IPA gets a full rollout — the label art, the tap handle photo, the countdown post. Human dignity deserves the same energy. Be as loud about human rights as you are about your beer. There is no reason those two things should require different levels of courage from you. But visibility isn’t the only form of courage. And not everyone can be visible right now without real consequences — financial, personal, sometimes physical. There are people in this industry doing hard, unglamorous, sometimes risky work in the background, and announcing it would compromise it or paint a target on someone who’s already stretched thin. That’s not silence as complicity. That’s operational discipline under pressure. What I want to push back on — clearly, not gently — is the idea that behind-the-scenes action and public visibility are in competition with each other. The person organizing quietly in the back room and the person posting a statement of solidarity on a Tuesday morning are both doing something real. We need both. We need the quiet infrastructure and we need the visible signal. We need people to know that this industry — at its best, at its most independent, and human — gives a fuck. I closed that piece with a question: “Reactive and fearful? Or clear and values-driven?” That question still stands. But having heard from you, I’d add a corollary: the values-driven path isn’t always the loudest one. Sometimes it’s a phone call and a recipe. Sometimes it’s a room made available on a closed Tuesday. Sometimes it’s a drive across town for someone who needed a safe ride home. All of it is political. All of it was always political. You don’t get to opt out of that — you only get to decide what you do with it. I’ve spent more than a decade writing about this industry because I believe it can be exactly that. I’ve been lucky enough to build an audience that lets me say so plainly. That’s a privilege I intend to use. The work is happening. Some of it you’ll see. Some of it you won’t. Support it either way. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication covering beer and brewing across New York state. To receive new posts and support this work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe

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Jun 2 • 10:13 AM EDT • Politics • clevelandprost.substack.com
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