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Stranger Than Heaven Devs Say Adding Tupac To The Game Was A 'Good Idea'
'This was something we thought would add value to our game,' said Masayoshi Yokoyama
Experts on uptick in political assassinations and polarization in recent years
Immediately after the shootings of two state lawmakers, some called it part of the rise in political violence they have been observing for some time across the country. Minnesota Now host Nina Moini spoke again with two of those experts a year after the attacks.
Hands-On With Stranger Than Heaven's Unique New Combat
We went hands-on with Sega's upcoming action-adventure at Summer Game Fest
How long will Justin Jefferson stay in Minnesota? Kyler Murray, J.J. McCarthy can stop the clock from ticking
If the Vikings struggle again in 2026, things will get interesting with their superstar receiver
Man accused of killing Minnesota lawmaker and her husband is due to change plea
Vance Boelter is charged with killing former Minnesota House Speaker Melissa Hortman and her husband, Mark Hortman
A Look At Flutter Entertainment’s Valuation As Shares Rebound But Long Term Returns Lag
Event driven snapshot Flutter Entertainment (NYSE:FLUT) recently attracted attention after a period of mixed share performance, with the stock rising over the past month but still showing declines over the past year and year to date. See our latest analysis for Flutter Entertainment. At a share price of US$112.94, Flutter’s recent momentum has been strong in the short term, with a 30 day share price return of 20.20%. However, the 1 year total shareholder return is still down 58.07%, which...
Minnesota, facing a shortage of mental health facilities for kids, could lose two more
The state suspended the license of an East Bethel residential treatment facility, while another facility in the northern exurbs is closing this month.
5 takeaways from recent Bengals OTAs
Bengals OTAs have created some important takeaways.
Ravens coach uses expletives with Lamar Jackson during challenging OTAs
Baltimore Ravens quarterback Lamar Jackson says he's being challenged by new offensive coordinator Declan Doyle this offseason.
North Dakota judicial nominee questioned on political views during Senate hearing
A North Dakota federal judge nominated to serve on the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals answered pointed questions from U.S. senators Wednesday about whether judges should speak out on political issues.
How Tifa Made It Into Street Fighter 6 And Why She's Special
She's here, and she's cool, but she's not a sign of things to come
Republicans fear of 'fatal mistake' in must-win Platner race
The NRSC warns Republicans that scandal-plagued Democrat Graham Platner remains a credible threat to Sen. Susan Collins in Maine's pivotal Senate race.
Toyota Is Quietly Building A Mid-Engined, All-Wheel-Drive Sports Car
Toyota is expected to introduce a new MR2, but it is still years away from production.
This Is The First Time I've Felt Like The New Fable Is A Real Game
Our first 30-minute gameplay clip has convinced me it might actually release early next year
Ranked choice count set for next week
When it comes to the ranked choice count, Deputy Secretary of State Kate O’Brien said it could take a few days to count all the ballots and then just a short time to run the totals through the ranked choice tabulation.
Ubisoft Faces New Studio Closures And Mass Layoffs
Ubisoft Winnipeg is one of the offices that's shutting down
Final Fantasy 14 receives first Nintendo Switch 2 gameplay trailer
We now have a good look at Final Fantasy 14 on Nintendo Switch 2 with a proper gameplay trailer. Square Enix announced a port of the game at the end of April during the Fan Festival. However, we didn’t really get a look at the Nintendo Switch 2 version at all. A few seconds of footage did appear during yesterday’...
Killer Bean Is A Very, Very Bad Game
Some cool ideas don't make this open-world action-shooter worth playing
Stellar Blade CEO Brushes Off Complaints About Sequel's Protagonist
CEO Hyung-tae Kim stated that while Evie is 'younger' and 'smaller in size' compared to Stellar Blade's protagonist, the outfits in the sequel will be 'even more appealing' for fans
Valve Is Killing Physical Steam Gift Cards In A Bid To Combat 'Scammers'
According to Valve, Steam gift card scams have become such an issue for the platform that its made the 'difficult' decision to discontinue their physical sales altogether
Family business grows from one man, one machine to major name in packaging industry
They moved from Minnesota to South Dakota, saw a manufacturing market opportunity -- and evolved into a national leader in their industry.
A Look At PENN Entertainment (PENN) Valuation As It Opens A New Land Based Hollywood Casino Aurora
PENN Entertainment (PENN) is reshaping its Illinois footprint as it prepares to close the longtime Hollywood Casino Aurora riverboat and open a new US$360 million land-based complex later in June. See our latest analysis for PENN Entertainment. The latest Hollywood Casino Aurora announcement comes after a strong run in PENN Entertainment's stock, with a 36.8% year to date share price return and a 36.7% 90 day share price return. However, the 5 year total shareholder return is down 74.1%, so...
Business Restructuring Review Vol. 25 No. 3 May-June 2026
In This Issue Texas Bankruptcy Court Adopts Barnet Rule Requiring Foreign Debtor to Have U.S. Assets to Be Eligible for Chapter 15 Relief In In re Siu-Fung Ceramics Holdings Limited, No. 24-33299, 2026 WL 382424 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. Feb. 10, 2026), the court denied petitions for chapter 15 recognition of Hong Kong bankruptcy and liquidation proceedings commenced on behalf of an individual debtor and a group of companies that he owned or controlled. According to the court: (i) the corporate debtors' Hong Kong liquidation proceeding was not eligible for chapter 15 recognition because the attorney retainer upon which such relief was based was not funded until nine months after the chapter 15 petition date; and (ii) the individual debtor's Hong Kong bankruptcy case could not be recognized because the debtor's "center of main interests" on the chapter 15 petition date was not in Hong Kong, and he did not even maintain an "establishment" there. [read more …] Southern District of Texas Clarifies Post-Purdue Course for Consensual Third-Party Releases and Gatekeeping Provisions In In re Container Store Group, Inc., 676 B.R. 356 (S.D. Tex. 2026), appeal filed, No. 26-20166 (5th Cir. Apr. 14, 2026), cross appeal filed, No. 26-20166 (5th Cir. Apr. 24, 2026), the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas addressed consensual third-party releases and gatekeeping provisions in the aftermath of the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., 603 U.S. 204 (2024). Consistent with existing Fifth Circuit precedent, the court confirmed that, in appropriate circumstances, consent for third-party releases may be obtained through a creditor's failure to opt out of granting that consent. But, the court ruled, consent through an opt-out mechanism essentially can never be inferred for creditor classes that stand to receive no recovery under a chapter 11 plan and that are deemed to reject the plan by operation of applicable bankruptcy law. Instead, those classes must affirmatively opt in to any release. The court also narrowed and remanded the bankruptcy court's acceptance of a broad gatekeeping provision, ruling that such provisions must correspond to the restrictions established by Fifth Circuit precedent. [read more …] Delaware Bankruptcy Court: Initial Transferee Need Not Be Defendant in Fraudulent Transfer Avoidance and Recovery Litigation The Bankruptcy Code gives a bankruptcy trustee the power to avoid asset transfers that are either made with the intent to defraud creditors or that are "constructively" fraudulent because an insolvent debtor did not receive adequate value in exchange. The Bankruptcy Code also permits recovery of an avoided transfer from not only the initial recipient, but also from subsequent transferees. Courts disagree over whether a transfer must actually be avoided before the trustee can seek recovery from a subsequent transferee and whether the initial transferee must also be a defendant in the recovery litigation against a subsequent transferee. The U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware weighed in on this debate in Phillips v. SS Associates LLC (In re ONH AFC CS Investors, LLC), No. 23-10931 (CTG), 2026 WL 312892 (Bankr. D. Del. Feb. 4, 2026). The court adopted the majority view, ruling that the initial transferee need not be a defendant in avoidance and recovery litigation against a subsequent transferee, but that the trustee must establish the elements necessary to avoid the initial transfer as part of the recovery litigation. [read more …] New York Bankruptcy Court Weighs In on Adequate Assurance of Future Performance under Assigned Leases and Chapter 11 Plan Exculpation Provisions In order to assume and assign an executory contract or unexpired lease, a bankruptcy trustee must cure most defaults under the agreement and provide "adequate assurance" of the assignee's future performance. However, the Bankruptcy Code provides no guidance as to the meaning of "adequate assurance" other than with respect to shopping center leases. In In re Broadway Realty I Co. LLC, No. 25-11050, 2026 WL 147505 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. Jan. 19, 2026), the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York examined this issue in connection with a proposed assignment of thousands of residential leases as part of a free-and-clear sale of debtors' properties. The court held that "adequate assurance" does not mean a guarantee of the assignee's future performance, but merely demonstration that the assignee has the ability to satisfy the underlying obligations. The bankruptcy court also ruled that an exculpation provision in the debtors' chapter 11 plan exonerating non-estate fiduciaries from liability for actions taken in connection with the chapter 11 case was unobjectionable, provided it was limited in scope to postpetition conduct and actions taken in connection with implementation of the plan after its effective date. [read more …] Newsworthy Corinne Ball (New York) (Hall of Fame), Bruce Bennett (Los Angeles), Carl E. Black (Cleveland), Jeffrey B. Ellman (Atlanta), Brad B. Erens (Chicago), Gregory M. Gordon (Dallas), Heather Lennox (Cleveland/New York), Joshua M. Mester (Los Angeles), and Kevyn D. Orr (Washington) were included in the 2026 edition of Lawdragon 500 Leading Bankruptcy and Restructuring Lawyers. The Daily Business Review selected Isel M. Perez (Miami) as an "On the Rise" winner for the Florida Legal Awards. The Florida Legal Awards annually recognize those who have made significant contributions to the legal industry in Florida. Dan T. Moss (Washington/New York) was inducted as a Fellow in the 37th Class of the American College of Bankruptcy at its Annual Meeting in March 2026 in San Antonio, Texas. Christine Borries (Munich) was ranked in the practice area Restructuring/Insolvency in the 2026 edition of Chambers Germany. The 2027 edition of The Best Lawyers in Singapore™ recognized Sushma Jobanputra (Singapore) in the practice area Insolvency & Reorganization. The restructuring transaction involving Eissmann Automotive North America, Inc. received the "2025 Turnaround of the Year (Large Company)" at the Turnaround Management Association (Detroit) Annual Awards Reception. T. Daniel Reynolds (Cleveland) and Nick Buchta (Cleveland) represented subsidiaries of Eissmann Group Automotive in connection with the parent company's German insolvency proceedings. Roger Dobson (Sydney) is among 40 Jones Day lawyers recognized by The Best Lawyers in Australia 2027 for his contributions in Banking and Finance Law; Distressed Investing & Debt Trading; Insolvency and Reorganization Law; Litigation. An article written by Corinne Ball (New York) titled "Ard Finance—A Global Enterprise Combining an LME With a Foreign Insolvency Proceeding and Chapter 15" was published in the April 21, 2026, edition of the New York Law Journal. An article written by Alex Sapp (New York) titled "Recent Developments in Section 510—Subordination" was published in the 2025 edition of the Norton Annual Survey on Bankruptcy Law. An article written by Brad B. Erens (Chicago) titled "New York Bankruptcy Court Approves Insider DIP Litigation Financing" was published on April 6, 2026, by Lexis Practical Guidance. An article written by Corinne Ball (New York), Dan T. Moss (Washington/New York), David S. Torborg (Washington), and Isel M. Perez (Miami) titled "New York District Court Affirms Narrow Scope of 'Public Policy Exception' in Chapter 15 Cases" was published on April 6, 2026, by Lexis Practical Guidance. An article written by Jeffrey B. Ellman (Atlanta) titled "Statutory Cap on Lease Rejection Damage Claims in Bankruptcy Applies to Solvent Debtors" was published on April 6, 2026, by Lexis Practical Guidance. An article written by Trisha L. Mowbray (Real Estate; Chicago) and Ryan Sims (Washington) titled "Chapter 11 Plan that Abridged Non-Debtor Lessee's Rights to Remain in Possession After Rejection Unconfirmable as Having Been Proposed in Bad Faith" was published on April 6, 2026, by Lexis Practical Guidance. Lawyer Spotlight: Ben Rosenblum Ben Rosenblum, a partner in the New York Office, represents debtors, creditors, and other parties in out-of-court restructurings and court-supervised proceedings, including chapter 11 cases, municipal bankruptcies, international insolvency matters, and stockbroker liquidations. His experience spans industries such as manufacturing, shipping, mining, aviation, energy, real estate, and telecommunications. Ben's notable debtor representations include Peabody Energy, the City of Detroit, Chrysler LLC, Spansion Japan, and Dana Corporation. Significant creditor representations include General Maritime Corporation, Calpine Corporation, American Home Mortgage, and Murray Energy. He currently represents creditors in Puerto Rico's restructuring. He also has extensive experience advising financial institutions on bankruptcy law as applied to derivatives.
Joe Burrow gives a health update
Bengals quarterback feeling good during OTA’s
Assessing PENN Entertainment (PENN) Valuation After A Sharp Short Term Share Price Rebound
PENN Entertainment (PENN) has drawn investor attention after recent share price moves, with the stock closing at US$20.32 and showing double digit returns over the past month and past 3 months. See our latest analysis for PENN Entertainment. Beyond the latest bounce, PENN Entertainment’s 30 day share price return of 21.39% and 90 day share price return of 36.65% contrast with a 5 year total shareholder return that is down 74.14%. This suggests recent momentum follows a much weaker long term...
Minnesota politicians promised to soften their tone after Hortman killing. It didn’t last.
Amid contentious debates about public safety and immigration, many elected officials returned to the same sharp rhetoric that defined politics before last June 14.
Divers Capture Incredible First-Ever Underwater Footage Of A Great White Shark In The Mediterranean While Clearing Up Abandoned Nets
The divers were removing so-called "ghost nets" from a shipwreck in the Strait of Sicily when the enigmatic creature paid them a rare visit.
Sights and sounds from Day 8 of Tennessee Titans OTAs
Several key players missed the latest Tennessee Titans practice while Will Levis showed flashes of potential on the field.
Commanders WR Terry McLaurin did not participate during Tuesday's OTAs
Terry McLaurin watched from the sidelines during Tuesday's OTA.
Xbox Getting Creative About Next-Gen Consoles To Deal With Cost
Asha Sharma keeps hinting at a big problem
Platner wins Maine primary to challenge Collins
Voters also headed to the polls in primary elections in Nevada, North Dakota, and South Carolina ahead of the midterms.
Chicago Bears Are ‘80% of the Way’ Toward Hammond Stadium: Sports Consultant
Maine primary elections wrapping up
Polls are set to close at 8 p.m., marking the end of Maine’s primaries – a pivotal point in this year’s election cycle.
Fantasy Rookie Profile: Ja'Kobi Lane in redraft leagues
Another fantasy profile is on deck as we look at Ja'Kobi Lane.
Conference tackles challenges of health care workforce
Strengthening North Dakota’s health care workforce is the goal of multiple programs at UND, speakers say at Dakota Conference on Rural Health
Live Results: North Dakota midterm primaries
North Dakota’s lone U.S. House member faces a partial rematch of her 2024 nomination race in a state primary on Tuesday.
Fans Just Crashed The Destiny 2 Servers To Demand A Sequel
Players rushed in the moment the final update went live
A Scientific Achievement That’s Totally Random
Encryption systems rely on “random” numbers, but conventional computers can’t generate them perfectly. New research shows that quantum physics can.
Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce’s wedding is a ‘cloak and dagger’ operation
You’re invited to experience the American royal wedding like the rest of us: totally in the dark.
What to watch in Tuesday's primaries as Platner seeks Senate nomination in Maine
Voters across Maine, Nevada, South Carolina and North Dakota head to the polls Tuesday for another day of primary elections in America, but much of the political world will be focused on Maine's high-stakes U.S. Senate contest.
Vance demands DOJ probe of Minnesota officials as White House presses 'war on fraud'
Vice President JD Vance is pressing federal prosecutors to investigate Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz and state Attorney General Keith Ellison over allegations they failed to stop widespread social services fraud.
Melco Resorts & Entertainment Extends Credit Facility Maturity Date to 2031 and Establishes Incremental Financing of HK$6.44 Billion
Melco Resorts extends HK$15.2 billion credit facility maturity to 2031, adding HK$6.4 billion, totaling HK$21.7 billion.Quiver AI SummaryMelco Resorts & Entertainment Limited has announced an extension of the maturity date for its HK$15.24 billion revolving credit facility from April 29, 2027, to June 9, 2031. In addition, the company has established an incremental facility of HK$6.44 billion, raising the total commitment under the 2020 Credit Fa
Kingdom Hearts IV Lights Up With A New Trailer
Sora's older, more mature, but just as colorful as he used to be
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina Of Time Remake Is Real, Out This Year
The boy without a fairy
Vance demands Justice Department probe of Minnesota officials as White House presses 'war on fraud'
Vice President JD Vance is pressing federal prosecutors to investigate Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz and state Attorney General Keith Ellison over allegations they failed to stop widespread social services fraud, amplifying concerns the White House will use a new Justice Department division to target political rivals
South Boston business reports repeated vandalism of Pride sign
Security footage shows three separate incidents over the weekend that caused more than $500 in damage to a Pride display outside the store.
Bob Buckhorn PC raising $215K in most recent reporting period, the first as an official mayoral candidate
Buckhorn’s total haul to his political committee now sits at more than $2M
The Latest: Maine primary election tests Platner’s support following mounting scandals
Voters across Maine, Nevada, South Carolina and North Dakota head to the polls for another day of primary elections in America, but much of the political world will be focused on Maine’s high-stakes U.S. Senate contest
Coca-Cola and Notre Dame bring poverty alleviation efforts to host cities during the FIFA World Cup 2026
When the FIFA World Cup 2026 games kick off this week, bringing global attention to cities across North America, communities from Boston and Miami to Toronto, Dallas and Los Angeles will come together for one of the world’s largest sporting events. In these same cities, the University of Notre Dame’s Urban Poverty and Business Initiative (UPBI), a program aimed at helping underrepresented populations create and grow independent businesses, is working with local partners to strengthen small business ecosystems throughout a total of 59 cities, including a strategic activation in 13 soccer host cities.
Caught on Camera: Six burglars sought following break-in at Germantown business
Police released surveillance footage after six men were caught on camera after breaking into a business on Germantown Ave. on Saturday, May 30, 2026.
‘You have to adjust:' Chris Kuper outlines his plans to replace Jeff Stoutland
Chris Kuper’s job description is coaching the Eagles’ offensive linemen. His initial challenge is getting them to believe he can do it.
What to watch in Tuesday's primaries as Graham Platner tries to clinch Senate nomination in Maine
Voters across Maine, Nevada, South Carolina and North Dakota head to the polls for another day of primary elections in America
What to watch in Tuesday's primaries as Graham Platner tries to clinch Senate nomination in Maine
Voters across Maine, Nevada, South Carolina and North Dakota head to the polls for another day of primary elections in America.
Vance recommends DOJ criminal investigation into Tim Walz and Minnesota AG over state’s fraud scandal
Vice President JD Vance, who leads the White House anti-fraud task force, has referred allegations of complicity surrounding fraud in Minnesota, including against Democratic Gov. Tim Walz and Attorney General Keith Ellison, to the Department of Justice for criminal investigation.
Kenneth Walker shares epic hype video before Chiefs' mandatory OTAs
Take a look at this epic hype video, which was shared on social media by Chiefs RB Kenneth Walker III ahead of Kansas City's mandatory OTAs.
Vikings Show Freakish Receiver the Door
Throughout the summer in OTAs and training camp, the 90 Vikings compete for 53 coveted roster spots and another 16 […]
Meet the woman who helped bring several major sports events to Minnesota
Rahm Emanuel bikes N.H. as he mulls 2028 presidential primary
“Look, I’m not into a politics of retribution, contrary to my image,” Emanuel said. “But I am into totally airing out all of this corruption.”
This Minnesota woman is behind several major sports events
New Oregon State building will support five field sports
Oregon State University supporters have made philanthropic commitments totaling $25 million to construct a new facility that will support 150 student-athletes in softball, men’s and women’s soccer, women’s cross country an
The 13 Biggest Reveals During All Of Summer Game Fest 2026
From a new Spyro to our first real look at the Final Fantasy 7 remake trilogy's last installment, here's some of the biggest trailers from Summer Game Fest week
We can create the future of science right now
Paul Litvak is the founder and Executive Director of the Robyn Dawes Institute and a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley. He has a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research from Carnegie Mellon where he studied emotions and the sunk cost bias. Over 15 years in industry, he solved a wide range of challenging technical problems. At Meta he created models optimizing the ad review process. At Google he ran experiments to measure social influence. At Airbnb, he was a product manager leading machine learning teams optimizing search ranking and price suggestions. He also co-founded and led product at Rhythmic Health, a venture-backed biosensing startup, creating an accurate low cost system using a color changing strip and a smart phone to measure salivary lactate. The bottleneck At this point, it is uncontroversial to say that science needs to stop using the PDF article as the unit of knowledge and currency. The unbearable slowness of scientific publishing, the profit motive and margins: I’m not saying anything new. The PDF also sucks because it’s hard to extract structured information, which makes it hard to do evidence synthesis. As a result, we do much less evidence synthesis than is needed. And evidence synthesis ultimately undergirds most policy and medical decision-making. I can see second-by-second real-time odds for any sporting or newsworthy event, but a school board can’t see the best evidence on whether their 8th graders should be taught algebra. As a society, we don’t treat this as an important problem. Again, not controversial. Not only is the problem well understood, but the solution has already been laid out. What we need is AI-assisted living evidence synthesis - (1) an open knowledge graph of atomic claims, (2) claims linked to evidence, (3) assessment and synthesis of each piece of evidence, and (4) continuous updating with new data. What few realize (yet) is that the technical capacity to build this vision for a significant portion of science already exists. Not only that, scientists and startup teams are already building many of these components. I know this because I’ve been surveying the space and talking to many of the builders. There are some missing pieces: for example, evaluations of how well some of the components work. But at this point, most of what’s missing is a fully end-to-end working integration of all of these parts. In the rest of this essay, I’m going to lay out all the parts of a working living evidence layer for science and who is working on them, and propose concrete next steps for building this system. What’s now possible The diagram above outlines the components of a living evidence synthesis platform, including some of the teams working on each component1. Scientific PDFs are processed into claims with associated evidence. The evidence is subjected to a forensic audit, methodological evaluation and robustness and reproducibility checks. Finally it’s given a weight in a continuously updating synthesis. What follows is a description and status of each component and a few of the teams working on them. Document understanding The first thing you need to be able to do is turn an article into structured data. Mostly that means parsing PDFs. There are often multicolumn layouts that confuse non-specialized PDF to text processing libraries. For scientific papers, there is the added complexity of parsing formulas and tables and figures. This is a really hot area - there are startups offering APIs, and it seems like a new open source package gets posted to Github every few weeks. What follows isn’t exhaustive. A package called GROBID was the state of the art for a while, they didn’t update their package for nearly two years until very recently. In the meantime reducto.ai released an AI powered PDF extraction API, PaddleOCR became popular, IBM released a model called Docling, and both Mistral and Gemini created models and libraries. I also know of at least one other well-funded psychology research group working on a paper parser. By contrast, there are few open evals in this space, with no extensive evals for complex table comprehension in particular. Nonetheless, I’m confident this will be a solved problem soon, given the combination of LLM advances and developer interest. Hypothesis level extraction There has been increasing interest in comprehending the extracted text of papers and linking information to evidence for each hypothesis. A lot of work has already been done. Trialstreamer (Marshall et al. 2020) and RobotReviewer LIVE (Marshall et al. 2023) demonstrated automated extraction of trial population, intervention, and outcome at scale on clinical RCTs. PaperQA2 (Skarlinski et al. 2024) and Ai2 ScholarQA (2024) extended this to retrieval-augmented question answering with citation grounding. Elicit, Consensus, and SciSpace operationalized claim-level extraction for end users. OpenEval (Booeshaghi et al. 2026) is the most recent and most ambitious: 1.96 million atomic claims extracted from 16,087 eLife manuscripts using Claude Sonnet 4.5, grouped into ~299,000 results, with LLM evaluations showing 81% agreement with human peer review on a 2,487-paper subset. None of these solutions link claims to test-statistics, as you would need to evaluate randomized controlled trials. This is why I built the evidence.guide API - to extract hypotheses and associated test statistics from behavioral science papers. The best public eval of this kind of extraction I’m aware of comes from the recent SCORE project - they had humans code thousands of psychology papers to extract their claims by hand. It would be extremely helpful to the world if all scientific PDFs were available as structured open data. I’ve been working to make this happen, both directly at Berkeley and through coordination with large entities I can’t yet speak of; as hard as it is to do, I think it’s possible2. Forensic audit A lot of work has been done on forensic audit, but some gaps remain. Of course, for biology papers that rely on images for evidence, there are a variety of tools (notably Proofig and ImageTwin) to spot anomalies. These are still well short of what sleuths like Elizabeth Bik can do on her own, but these tools are constant companions among fraud analysts. There’s someone working on auditing Excel files for anomalies, and a number of teams are automating numerical checks like GRIM and SPRITE, including Scrutiny project, the INSPECT-SR team as well as statcheck. The regcheck team is building a way to use AI to compare preregistrations to analyses in papers, to ensure there aren’t significant deviations. Nonetheless, there are many other kinds of anomalies to screen for, both public and less publicly known. And there are no formal evals for anomaly detection that I’m aware of. Still, there’s a lot to draw from in this space and I’m pretty certain we will be able to scan papers for most kinds of obvious anomalies in the near future. Methodological review This area has been white hot, though I fear for many of the startups in this space, because this capability may become commoditized. There are at least six different AI peer review companies, including Refine.ink, Reviewer3, ReviewerZero.ai, Q.E.D. Science, Paper Wizard, and Isitcredible. Coarse (a pun on refine) was also recently created as an open source alternative. These systems provide qualitative feedback on the content of papers, spotting methodological weaknesses and mathematical errors. They seem to work pretty well, and many academics report bitterly that they exceed the average quality of typical peer reviewers. But there are few evals here either. What evals exist so far involve using LLM-as-judge (circularity problems abound) or comparing against human reviews of questionable quality. What you’d ideally want is an eval that measures capturing known errors in papers3. Reproducibility and robustness Another active area has been using AI agents to automate computational reproducibility4 and robustness5 checks in papers that report numerical results. For more recent papers where data and code are available, AI agents can see whether they can re-run the analyses and produce the numbers reported in the published paper. In addition to a handful of individual academics who have been experimenting using Claude Code for this, the Institute for Replication is a leading group working on building an end to end system. The evals related to this problem are the most mature, with CORE-Bench (Siegel, Kapoor, Narayanan 2024) and PaperBench (OpenAI 2025) available to benchmark agents on this task. There is also work on getting AI agents to test alternative ways of analyzing the data to ensure the results are robust to small analytic design choices. Synthesis This is the most underdeveloped area where significant investment is required. Although some automated evidence synthesis systems exist — for example, otto-sr is building an AI agent to write systematic reviews — none of these incorporate the full range of paper level signals to weight evidence appropriately. Nor is there anything like an eval or a gold standard for a good systematic review. Arguably Cochrane reviews are the closest we have to gold standard human systematic reviews, though I’ve heard academics in the know complain about their uneven quality. A key question for a synthesis platform is how to weight anomalies and methodological issues in assessing the quality of a piece of evidence. This is an unsolved problem and one I’m very keen to work on. Continuous updating There are many pieces of basic infrastructure available for monitoring for new research and initiating updates. OpenAlex is the current open citation graph. Retraction Watch integrated into Crossref in October 2023. Scite tracks how citations support, contrast, or mention prior claims. The Living Evidence Network demonstrated continuous-update workflows in clinical guidelines. Engineering this is a relatively straightforward task. When you look over this technical architecture and all the progress being made, it’s hard not to be optimistic that a living guide to scientific evidence will be built. The stakeholders are ready The social infrastructure for this is starting to coalesce — it’s not just a pie in the sky academic exercise to imagine this coming into existence. Institutions like the Center for Open Science, the Institute for Replication, the INSPECT-SR, the Living Evidence Network and more are all working on scaling work to improve research quality. Funders are also aligned. The Sloan Foundation has funded living evidence work through COS. Coefficient Giving supports the Institute for Replication and COS. The Astera Institute and the Institute for Progress have shown interest in this space. NIH has established an Office for Replication and Reproducibility. Although there are (very unfortunately) serious headwinds in science funding generally, there is an active group of funders interested in metascience. A brief word about what I’ve been doing at RDI. First, as a Visiting Scholar at Berkeley I’ve been actively figuring out how a non-profit and a public university can conduct and make public the results of large-scale academic article data mining. With some of the money I raised from donors, I commissioned a legal analysis of recent case law and publisher text data mining (TDM) agreements in order to understand whether a massive open data mining of academic articles is possible (with caveats, it is). I’ve also been working to bring together stakeholders in this space, and identify gaps. I’ve also been doing some software development in this space, with more to come. A pilot proposal The assumption undergirding all of this is that an AI, given all this information, would make the right judgment about a scientific claim with lots of conflicting evidence, weighing all the factors appropriately. That’s the hypothesis we need to test. Randomized control trial research is the best place to focus on first. RCTs are used to make many of the important decisions in society - from medical trials to public policy changes. And they use a relatively uniform set of inferential statistics with lots of known and available diagnostics. Behavioral science experiments, within the broader realm of RCTs, should be first used as a testbed whose results can be generalized. Because behavioral science is at the vanguard of open science practices, replications abound (there are thousands of them) to serve as ground truth training data. Key Hypothesis Therefore the pilot would test, in behavioral RCTs that have been replicated, whether the quality of evidence for a claim can be used to accurately predict whether that claim will replicate. Secondary Hypotheses Compared to claims that replicated, non-replicated claims demonstrate a greater share of forensic anomalies in their source literatures. Hypothesis level claim and statistic extraction is accurate enough to scale living evidence without onerous human review costs. Replication prediction is more accurate than prediction markets6 or journal prestige. If all the different quality signals we gather do accurately predict which studies will replicate, then we can use that model to score evidence to power the living evidence layer. Why this is informative regardless of outcome If the pilot succeeds, the architecture extends to medical RCTs (where Living Evidence already operates and integration is mostly about claim representation), then to slices of basic biology with stable replication structure. If it fails, the field learns which quality signals are load-bearing and which ones metascience has oversold. Either result is a contribution to knowing what the literature supports. Implications for funders Because this burgeoning ecosystem of builders already exists, a well-informed philanthropic or government funder could play a crucial catalyzing role in bringing this future about. They could play at least three roles: creating open structured datasets, publishing open benchmarks and incentivizing the solving of key technical challenges. First, open archives of papers that the government maintains, like PubMed, could be turned into structured data amenable to large scale metascience and claim aggregation. I know the US government already has an interest in doing this, though some key open questions remain unanswered. How do you determine the best models and systems for accurately extracting information from papers? How can you establish a robust way to allow researchers to flag errors and correct them? And finally, how do you create a legal regime in working with publishers to maximize the scope of available papers? For the latter, a university or a private philanthropy may be better positioned to make structured data publicly available under journal subscription terms or fair use. Philanthropists or government funders could also coordinate to create or commission benchmarks that evaluate whether important problems have been solved. For example, an open benchmark for claim extraction from a range of different scientific article types would be extremely helpful. Ensuring the underlying data are accurate is vital for creating these evaluations. I’ve discussed opportunistically using various human-created datasets for this purpose, but a consistent problem is that errors in human data make it difficult for them to serve as a gold standard. Finally, with structured data and benchmarks available, the government or private philanthropy could use them to incentivize groups to develop machine learning systems that meet these benchmarks. Prizes are one potentially valuable tool for this. For example, you could establish a prize for a system that accurately updates a living meta-analysis for a small set of claims. Prizes are particularly useful as signals of problem importance, and can help create vibrant ecosystems of public and private research—see, for example the role the government played in kickstarting the current work on nuclear fusion. Conclusion The drawbacks of the current scientific publishing system are known. Scientists agree, metascientists agree, philanthropists agree: the published PDF plus citation graph isn’t the right substrate for maintaining a representation of the evidence base in science. The pieces needed to build the alternative either already exist or are rapidly taking shape. The community is forming around exactly this problem, with concrete partnerships and shared infrastructure. A pilot should start on behavioral science RCTs because that’s the slice of empirical science most amenable to legibility, where replication ground truth is richest, and where the failure modes are best documented. What’s been missing is the galvanizing mission to assemble these pieces into something that works. That’s what I’m proposing to build. *** 1 I have a broader field map that I’ll release publicly soon. This is me, building in public! 2 If this is something that you are excited about, please reach out and talk to me. 3 More on this very soon too! 4 This tests whether, given the code and the data, you can get the same statistics as reported in the published paper. 5 This tests whether the results are the same as a paper’s given alternative analytical decisions in conducting the analysis (like outlier omission). Closely related is the idea of a “multiverse” where you come up with many different ways of answering the same underlying research question with the same data, and test whether the results hold in all those alternative methods. There’s been work on the latter as well. 6 Some of the replications, e.g. those from the SCORE project, had paired the experiments with forecasts from prediction markets. So we get to look at this for free.
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