SCROLL NEWS / DISCOVERY
Search headlines
Find the stories shaping the conversation.
Results for " ALE " 27,124 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle
Northwestern Running Game Explodes for 413 Yards Against Penn State
Caleb Komolafe and Joseph Himon II each surpassed 150 rushing yards as Northwestern piled up 415 yards on the ground in a dominant 34-13 win over Penn State.
12 Best European Countries for American Retirees Seeking Great Lifestyle and Health Care
Discover the top 12 European countries ideal for American retirees that offer excellent health care, diverse lifestyles, and practical residency options.
Chang’e-6 lunar soil contains a surprising magnetic time capsule
Scientists studying Chang’e-6 lunar soil have discovered a previously unknown magnetic mineral in natural Moon samples: a form of metallic iron called γ-Fe. Found inside tiny impact-glass particles, the nanoscale iron can preserve a stable magnetic signal, potentially acting like a microscopic fossil of the Moon’s long-lost magnetic field.
Israeli strike kills five in Gaza, including four women, health officials say
By Nidal al-Mughrabi and Dawoud Abu AlkasCAIRO/GAZA, Oct 3 (Reuters) - An Israeli airstrike killed at least five Palestinians, including four women, in an apartment building in Gaza City early on Saturday, health and civil defence service officials said.Among the dead were a Christian mother, Maisa Abu Dawoud, and her daughter Mary, medics and the church said.There was no immediate comment from the Israeli military.The strike destroyed the apartment building and started a fire.
AROUND THE LAKES: Geneva Theatre Guild announces 49th season
GENEVA — The Geneva Theatre Guild has announced its 49th season, a dynamic year of theater that celebrates local talent, classic storytelling, and the Guild’s long tradition of community‐driven artistry.
Opinion | We Surveyed 50,674 Americans. This Is What Brings Them Together.
Americans are divided in their politics but not as sports fans.
'Giant tusks from Siberia were thought to be the horns of the mythical unicorn': What medieval people made of fossils before vertebrate paleontology
In this excerpt from "The Story of the Mammals in 25 Discoveries," author Donald R. Prothero looks at a time when the idea of extinction was blasphemous.
Notre Dame Nabs Six Spots on Early NFL Draft Board
For decades, major football programs such as the Notre Dame Fighting Irish have spent heavily on training centers and experienced coaching staffs. Those resources help high school recruits become stronger and more prepared early in their college careers. Top universities now run football programs that work much like professional teams. Scouts follow talented college players […] The post Notre Dame Nabs Six Spots on Early NFL Draft Board appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
Arts & Entertainment Calendar
Events coming up in the Greenville area offer music, arts, theater and family fun. Here is a sampling. “Today” refers to events scheduled for Saturday, Oct. 3.
An all-time sports scandal, plus: Was that kick good?
Welcome to The Pulse, The Athletic's daily newsletter.
U.S.-Russia Talks on Ukraine Now Involve an Oil Deal Tied to Trump Allies
President Vladimir V. Putin brought up a sale of Russian energy assets with President Trump’s envoys, Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff, pushing a deal that raises new questions about conflicts of interest.
"We felt that fans were getting a bit desensitised to the violence" Gears of War: E-Day devs made a "big investment" in gore, and weirdly, it works
"Brutality is a pillar of this game," says studio art director Aryan Hanbeck at The Coalition.
Antitrust lawsuit against Mission, HCA hits roadblock
A North Carolina judge denied class certification in a lawsuit accusing the healthcare company of anticompetitive business practice.
Newcastle Have A Generational Talent In Sean Steur
The Dutch prodigy combines Ajax-bred technicality with remarkable poise, offering Matthias Jaissle a press-resistant engine capable of anchoring the Magpies’ ambitious new era for years to come.
5 must-buy PC games for less than $3 in the Steam Autumn Sale
You can't get much for $3 these days, but you can nab these games.
'There’s no such thing as democracy' – Yanis Varoufakis | Radical Thinking with Aditya Chakrabortty
In the first episode of Radical Thinking, a new series from the Guardian, senior economics commentator Aditya Chakrabortty speaks to the former Greek finance minister Yanis Varoufakis. What does he make of Andy Burnham's plans to 'rewire' the UK economy? Radical Thinking will be published every Saturday in the Politics Weekly feed
Rajasthan Royals star creates history, surpasses Chris Gayle for highest T20 score
Lhuan-dre Pretorius has made T20 cricket history with his phenomenal score of 188 runs off 79 balls while playing for the Titans against the Knights. This feat breaks Chris Gayle's former record of 175 runs, showcasing Pretorius's exceptional talent as he maintained a striking rate of 237.97. His recent century for South Africa further underscores his remarkable consistency and prowess on the field.
Juventus keeping tabs on Brentford defender Michael Kayode
Juventus are keeping tabs on Brentford defender Michael Kayode as the Serie A giants look to bring more Italian talent into their squad, according to La Gazzetta dello Sport.Bianconeri chief executive...
Week 6: Texas high school football scores & highlights
DAINGERFIELD 35, HOOKS 70 BECKVILLE 42, WASKOM 13 JACKSONVILLE 24, KILGORE 42 TENAHA 28, OVERTON 70 PEWITT 56, UNION GROVE 22 QUEEN CITY 34, REDWATER 50 PINE TREE 42, PALESTINE 10 Plays of the Week OTHER SCORES: NEW BOSTON 35, HUGHES SPRINGS 33 HARLETON 35, ORE CITY 15 LINDEN-KILDARE 28, MERRYVILLE 36 (THURSDAY) MT VERNON […]
From Digger to The Strokes: your complete entertainment guide to the week ahead
Tom Cruise transforms in Alejandro Iñárritu’s heavyweight satirical comedy, while the NYC indie rockers are in the UK for an arena tour
HIGHLIGHTS: Hale Center vs. Iraan
IRAAN, Texas (KMID/KPEJ) – Iraan faced Hale Center in a neutral site game in Andrews and the Braves came out victorious 41-6. With the win, the Braves improved to 4-2, and next week they hit the road to start district play against Wink. Watch the video above for the highlights.
Frontenac takes Girard’s “0” with big win on the road
The Frontenac Raiders got a HUGE win in an undefeated matchup against Galena on the road! FULL HIGHLIGHTS:
The science behind Cavan Sullivan’s custom Adidas cleats: Foot scans, algorithms and 3D printing
The Athletic visits Adidas' German HQ to find out more about how it designs and manufactures bespoke footwear for U.S. soccer's new star
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for Oct. 3, 2026, puzzle No. 740
Welcome to Connections: Sports Edition Coach — a spot to gather clues and discuss (and share) scores.
Culture refocuses attention on the Palestinian cause: ‘It has always been central to political struggle’
Musicians’ tours, film festivals and literary forums keep the flame for Gaza alive and spark debates about the limits of free expression and the concepts of censorship and cancellation
Juan Luis Arsuaga, paleontologist: ‘Corruption is very Paleolithic, very chimpanzee-like’
The co-director of the Atapuerca archaeological site shares with EL PAÍS the key points of his new book, ‘The Answer,’ a luminous text that exudes admiration for our own species and love for nature
Week 4 injury report for Baltimore
The Baltimore Ravens revealed their Week 4 injury report
Science Hill shuts down East
By Eric Woods Tribune Sports Editor Science Hill raced past Morristown East without much resistance from the ‘Canes, shutting East out 58-0. It was the… Login to continue reading Login Sign up for complimentary access Sign Up Now Close
12 SportsZone Catch of the Week: Week 6
Vote for the player who you think had the best catch during week 6 of high school football in north central West Virginia. The voting will close at noon on Monday, Oct. 5, and the winner will be revealed during the 12 SportsZone at 6 p.m. that night.
G2E: Cloverdale 41, North Knox 23
CLOVERDALE, Ind. (WTWO/WAWV) — Cloverdale 41, North Knox 23
Detroit Pistons’ Bickerstaff On Duren: ‘That’s Our Guy’
Now that Jalen Duren is signed long-term, the Pistons can prepare for their first pre-season contest on Oct. 5 against the Phoenix Suns
Capcom Announces Plans to Transform the RE Engine Into an AI-Generation Game Engine — ‘Our Goal Is a Future Where We Create Games Together With AI’
Resident Evil and Street Fighter developer Capcom revealed some big changes coming to its RE Engine, which they plan to gradually improve and transform into an "AI-generation game engine."
Solo Reload Victory Cup in NA West: Event 1 Event 1 Round 1
Battle your way to Platinum in Reload Ranked to be eligible for the first and second Events of the Season, Diamond for the third, and Champion for the final Event of the Season! Compete for the opportunity to win a cash prize! Reach Round 2 (top 1600 in EU; top 800 in NAC; top 320 in OCE, ASIA, ME, BR, and NAW), where every player who earns a Victory Royale will earn $100 USD. Good luck and have fun!
Florida State, other ACC realignment targets push to expand conference cap in college sports bill
The bill initially required five years of independence and capped any league reporting more than $700 million in annual revenue at 19 teams.
Israeli strike kills four people in Gaza, medics say
An Israeli airstrike killed at least four Palestinians in an apartment building in Gaza City early on Saturday, the territory’s health officials said.
Shohei Ohtani provides health update: ‘My swing is in a better place’
The Dodgers do not need Ohtani to pitch, but they do need him to be a presence in the lineup.
Packers HC': Bucs' Daniels 'A Very Talented Player'
With Baker Mayfield sidelined, rookie Jalon Daniels faces a high-stakes first start. Matt LaFleur warns that the undrafted dual-threat weapon possesses the tools to shock his team.
Carbondale business community preps for busy month
CARBONDALE — With SIU students in town, alumni coming to visit and the fall atmosphere finally rolling in, October is a big month for business in Carbondale.
Walt Weiss Provides Outlook of Atlanta Braves' NLDS Rotation
Weiss said Chris Sale's next start date is undecided after making a relief appearance on Thursday.
Apple Watch Ultra 4 is an AI Powerhouse With Fitness and Health Improvements, But Do You Need it?
Apple has upgraded the Ultra again, and there's lots to like in the new version, including a super-accurate HR sensor and a powerful new AI ready chip.
Siekerka Urges NJ Businesses to Check with Lawyers Regarding Stringent Independent Contractor Rules
In the wake of the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development implementing the most stringent interpretation of the ABC test determining
Netherlands considers Meta glasses ban as retailers pause sales
A large eyewear chain is pausing sales of Meta's AI glasses over privacy concerns.
Florida Put on Upset alert Before Playing No 25 Mizzou
Riding high after toppling Ole Miss, the Gators must now survive a hostile SEC road test against a motivated Tigers squad eager to derail Florida’s playoff momentum.
Scientists Discover a Genius Use For Leftover Steel Waste – And It Could Save Lives
Win-win-win.
Register to Vote by October 5 #AACTNow
Your vote is your choice. Make sure registration is on your calendar. October 5, 2026 is the Texas voter-registration deadline for the November 3 general election. AACT Now is sharing voter information and important election dates to help people prepare. Visit aactnow.org for resources. Presented by Texas Border Business and MeGustaTV.
Pharr Police Earns State Accreditation
A department-wide achievement for Pharr Police. The Pharr Police Department has earned state accreditation, recognizing rigorous standards in professionalism, accountability, training and leadership. Chief Juan Gonzalez credits the dedication and professionalism of the entire department.
TRANCASA: A First Look at Electric Trucking
TRANCASA is preparing to test its first Tesla Semi, taking another step toward innovation in South Texas transportation. At the Pharr Truck Expo, Carlos Canales and his team showcased the company’s focus on technology and the future of cross-border logistics. How do you see electric trucks changing the industry?
Country star diagnosed with rare blood cancer after health scare: ‘One day at a time’
Charles Kelley, the singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of the country trio Lady A, revealed he’s been diagnosed with a rare blood cancer.
Country star diagnosed with rare blood cancer after health scare: ‘One day at a time’
Charles Kelley, the singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of the country trio Lady A, revealed he’s been diagnosed with a rare blood cancer.
Country star diagnosed with rare blood cancer after health scare: ‘One day at a time’
Charles Kelley, the singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of the country trio Lady A, revealed he’s been diagnosed with a rare blood cancer.
Country star diagnosed with rare blood cancer after health scare: ‘One day at a time’
Charles Kelley, the singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of the country trio Lady A, revealed he’s been diagnosed with a rare blood cancer.
Country star diagnosed with rare blood cancer after health scare: ‘One day at a time’
Charles Kelley, the singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of the country trio Lady A, revealed he’s been diagnosed with a rare blood cancer.
Dasha Smith, one of the highest-ranking female executives in sports, is leaving NFL
Smith was the only woman of color in the NFL’s C-suite.
Tyra Banks does not enjoy ‘Halloween: Resurrection’ 25 years later: ‘Not even a little bit’
Tyra Banks tells EW she does not look back fondly on making ‘Halloween: Resurrection’ nearly 25 years ago, adding that an agent wanted her to have ‘Halloween H20’ star Josh Hartnett’s career.
Garber Convenes University-Wide Faculty Committee on Scientific Research Priorities
Garber Convenes University-Wide Faculty Committee on Scientific Research Priorities
Alex Bregman Wins 2026 Rizzo Award In Closest Finish Ever
Alex Bregman secures the 2026 Rizzo Award for the Cubs with a +26 score, edging out Pete Crow-Armstrong in the tightest race in 13 years.
Ed Sheeran, Macklemore fallout shouldn't be personalized, Bono says
U2 frontman Bono has weighed in on the ongoing controversy involving Ed Sheeran after Macklemore was removed from the singer's tour when venues objected to the rapper's pro-Palestinian remarks.
LIA 2026 Entertainment & Content, Cultural Catalyst; Sports; Production & Post, Music Video and Non-Traditional Winners Announced
ANOTHER ROUND OF WINNERS HITS THE TABLE Another round of Winners & Finalists is revealed from Las Vegas, with four
Apple will limit Mac disk access as AI agents ‘substantially’ increase risk
Apple isn’t taking AI security risks lightly.
Layoffs, Closures Planned at Newport Healthcare, Clarvida, Comprehensive Life Resources
A slew of youth behavioral health programs are closing, resulting in a wave of layoffs. Comprehensive Life Resources, Newport Healthcare and
Delta Expo celebrates regional business, culture, entertainment
From live music and Delta food to shopping, stepping, books, and small-business showcases, Pine Bluff buzzed Sept. 25-26 as the first-of-its-kind Delta Expo brought businesses, entrepreneurs, artists, and community members together at the Pine Bluff Convention Center. Presented by the Pine Bluff Black Chamber of Commerce and visionary president and CEO Joni Alexander-Robinson, the two-day […]
Almost All The Viruses Found in a Vast Deep-Sea Mining Zone Were New to Science
Nearly 12,000 new viruses have been hiding on the seafloor.
Delta Expo celebrates regional business, culture, entertainment
From live music and Delta food to shopping, stepping, books, and small-business showcases, Pine Bluff buzzed Sept. 25-26 as the first-of-its-kind Delta Expo brought businesses, entrepreneurs, artists, and community members together at the Pine Bluff Convention Center. Presented by the Pine Bluff Black Chamber of Commerce and visionary president and CEO Joni Alexander-Robinson, the two-day […]
TOTVS grounds enterprise AI foundation in business data- SiliconANGLE
TOTVS grounds its enterprise AI foundation in Brazilian business data while working with Dell on an emerging IaaS offering for customers.
Stellar Entertainment Expands Azerbaijan Airlines Partnership With New IFE Experience
Stellar Entertainment is expanding its Azerbaijan Airlines partnership with new IFE design, content, and advertising.
Tales of bones at Science Café
Davis Science Café is back Wednesday, Oct. 14, from 5:30 to 7 p.m. at G Street WunderBar, 228 G St. in downtown Davis.
Where startups should test to scale
Should companies test products in their familiar, local pond or in the new market where they want to scale?
Sacred pages of 1,000-year-old gospel reveal ancient DNA scientists never expected
1,000-year-old manuscript found to have traces of ancient virus DNA preserved in its parchment pages.
Sacred pages of 1,000-year-old gospel reveal ancient DNA scientists never expected
1,000-year-old manuscript found to have traces of ancient virus DNA preserved in its parchment pages.
Sacred pages of 1,000-year-old gospel reveal ancient DNA scientists never expected
1,000-year-old manuscript found to have traces of ancient virus DNA preserved in its parchment pages.
2026 HFA European Congress Spotlights New Industry Research
Health & Fitness Association submitted comments to the Office of the US Trade Representative on two trade policy dockets that could have significant implications for exercise equipment manufacturers, suppliers, and fitness facility operators.
Texas Tenors set to open Entertainment Series at the Whatley Center on October 20
September 29, 2026 Three powerhouse voices spanning country, classical, Broadway and pop will take the Whatley Center stage when The Texas Tenors perform Tuesday, Oct. 20, at 7:30 p.m. The Texas Tenors — JC Fisher, Marcus Collins and John Hagen — first gained national attention as finalists on NBC’s America’s Got Talent in 2009. Since then,…
Jalen Duren Returns to Pistons Facility, Bickerstaff Reacts
Jalen Duren is back at the Pistons facility, and JB Bickerstaff says he is in great shape. #Pistons
'The Day the Earth Stood Still' at 75: A sci-fi classic whose timeless themes still resonate today
Klaatu barada nikto! Three-quarters of a century on, Robert Wise's tale of alien visitation still has plenty to say.
Studying Science in an Anti-Scientific Time
This Chronicle Review Deep Cut was first published in 2025. By Julianne Werlin Thanks for reading The Chronicle Review! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Subscribe The last two decades have not been kind to science studies. Already bruised and battered by the “science wars” of the 1990s, by the 2000s sociologists of science — who had long argued that science had to be understood in its human context — were encountering the funhouse-mirror version of their own views in right-wing critiques of climate scientists. It was enough to give some prominent scholars pause. “Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies?” asked Bruno Latour, the most famous sociologist of science in the world, in 2003. “Should we apologize for having been wrong all along? Or should we rather bring the sword of criticism to criticism itself and do a bit of soul-searching here: What were we really after when we were so intent on showing the social construction of scientific facts?” In response, Latour proposed a change of method and attitude. Science studies, now chastened and contrite, would no longer seek to strip facts of their authority, but to enrich and enhance them. What this meant in practice was never fully clear. But his diagnosis of problems resonated, even if his solutions did not. Latour’s exercise in public hand-wringing signaled a shift in mood. By 2016, with the first election of Donald Trump, the idea that skepticism of science was a right-wing position, not a left-wing one, had become a commonplace, discussed eagerly in The New York Times. For liberals, vaccine denial during the Covid era and Trump’s second-term attacks on the funding of scientific research, covered extensively in these pages, added a new urgency to the defense of science on both practical and principled grounds. There was little appetite for a sociology or philosophy of science that emphasized the messiness and missteps of the scientific process rather than its integrity and triumphs. The distinguished historian of science Peter Dear’s new book, The World as We Know It: From Natural Philosophy to Modern Science (Princeton University Press, 2025), which seeks to tell the story of 18th- and 19th-century science for a general public, may seem comfortably remote from these bitter contests. In its 16 short chapters, Dear draws swift, sure sketches of major discoveries from Newton to Einstein, ably guiding the reader through debates on stellar nebulae, animal taxonomy, atomic chemistry, evolution, and other flashpoints in the history of science. But though a work of history, Dear’s book must still negotiate our polarized present. In a blurb on its back cover, the historian of biology Lynn K. Nyhart alludes to the “present moment, when scientific knowledge is being swamped by misinformation and its institutions are under siege.” Dear himself, in his conclusion, refers to the “yard signs” and “bumper stickers” that proclaim “Science Is Real.” One antidote to both anti-science propaganda and to reductive slogans in science’s defense is a robust history and philosophy of science: exactly what Dear’s scholarship has long offered. But his new book illustrates how difficult such work has become. Dear, an emeritus professor of history at Cornell University, is best known as a creative and philosophically minded historian of the Scientific Revolution. His edited volume The Literary Structure of Scientific Argument (1991) analyzed the rhetoric of Galileo’s thought experiments to brilliant effect. Discipline and Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution (1995) was a major contribution to the analysis of scientific experiments in early modern Europe and beyond, while Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge in Transition, 1500-1700 (2001), now in its third edition, remains one of the best overviews of the profound epistemological upheavals of 16th- and 17th-century science. But Dear has also ventured into later periods. Nearly two decades ago, in The Intelligibility of Nature: How Science Makes Sense of the World (2006), he turned to the 18th and 19th centuries to sketch a history and theory of scientific knowledge. Aimed at a generalist audience, Dear’s simple prose belied serious philosophical ambitions. Science, Dear argued, has two aspects: “natural philosophy,” the quest to understand the true nature of the universe, and “instrumentality,” the applied skills and technologies that allow us to manipulate the world for human advantage. Both strands are ancient, but the innovation of the phenomenon we call “science” was to yoke them together. As Francis Bacon wrote, “Human knowledge and human power meet in one; for where the cause is not known, the effect cannot be produced,” an insight typically abridged to “knowledge is power.” Or, in Bertrand Russell’s characteristically blunt phrase, science has two functions, “1. to enable us to know things, and 2., to enable us to do things.” So far, so conventional. But Dear took issue with this familiar story in one respect. Bacon’s formula implied that theory and practice could be fused in a single method. In fact, Dear argued, the quest to understand nature and the desire to manipulate it were coupled only loosely. They could come together, but they could also pull apart. Focusing on natural philosophy, the “knowing” half of the scientific circle, he used a series of case studies from cosmology, taxonomy, chemistry, electromagnetism, and quantum theory to show how theories changed over time, in dialogue with practice, but never reducible to it. Take the case of matter, the basic substrate of the physical world. In the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists not only disagreed about what it was, but also about how well it could be known. In 1789, the chemist Antoine Lavoisier dismissed speculation about the atomic composition of chemicals as “discussions entirely of a metaphysical nature,” as he sought to orient chemistry away from philosophical abstraction and toward laboratory results. But in the 19th century, atoms returned with a vengeance in the atomic chemistry of John Dalton, who wanted to explain the underlying structure of nature. It was not just that Dalton and Lavoisier had a different set of experimental results, or even a different theory, Dear showed. What counted as an explanation had changed. In arguing that scientific theories depended on their intelligibility to human beings with complex arrays of beliefs and commitments, Dear was in sympathy with science studies. Key figures such as the sociologist Steven Shapin emphasized the importance of psychological mechanisms like trust in the formation and acceptance of scientific ideas. But in focusing on the scientific pursuit of knowledge, not its politics or economics, Dear resisted the more cynical perspective of some of his colleagues. The Intelligibility of Nature strikes a very different note than Shapin’s collection of a few years later, Never Pure: Historical Studies of Science as If It Was Produced by People With Bodies, Situated in Time, Space, Culture, and Society, and Struggling for Credibility and Authority (2010), to name just one example. Walking a very fine line, Dear depicted science as driven at once by complex social dynamics and by the intellectual power of real discoveries. It was a testament not only to his own acumen but also to the vitality of the field that he was able to do so. Nearly two decades later, The World as We Know It returns to the questions broached in The Intelligibility of Nature. Like Dear’s earlier study, it begins with the Newtonian cosmos and ends with debates between Einstein and Bohr on quantum physics. Beyond its terminal figures, many of the same characters appear in both studies, including the naturalists John Ray and the Comte de Buffon; the chemists Étienne François Geoffroy, Antoine Lavoisier, and John Dalton; as well as Charles Darwin and Michael Faraday, among others. Its subject is nearly identical: As in The Intelligibility of Nature, The World as We Know It considers natural philosophy as opposed to instrumentality, here defined as the “desire to create a picture of what the world is really like — the world as God knows it — rather than simply having instrumental or operational control over it.” The two books also overlap in insights — and sometimes even in language. The reader who has learned in The Intelligibility of Nature that Buffon’s method of classifying animals “reflected his belief in the importance of the senses and empiricism in learning about nature (a doctrine associated with Newton and the philosopher John Locke)” will experience a sense of déjà vu on reading, in The World as We Know It, that the classification “reflects Buffon’s commitment to the epistemological stance of Newton and his philosophical underlaborer John Locke, who stressed the role of the senses in creating natural knowledge.” Later in the passage, we read that, “because of its stress on understanding the ways of life of animals in their environments, Buffon’s approach could almost be labeled (anachronistically) as ‘ecological.’” And again, “an anachronistic way of putting it would be to say that Buffon recommends an ecological mode of understanding.” Likewise, in The Intelligibility of Nature we read of Dalton that he was initially drawn to meteorology, and that: He did a bit of experimental work on these things, especially having to do with the water-holding capacity of gases, but his real interest lay in understanding what, at an underlying natural-philosophical level, was really going on physically.” Whereas, in The World as We Know It: He did experimental work on these things, especially concerning the water-holding capacity of gases — although not at a very refined level quantitatively — but he was continually trying to develop a theoretical conception of what was happening physically. The final full chapter of each book closes on the same resigned note. Intelligibility: These days, most serious work on the natural philosophical underpinnings and implications of quantum mechanics is performed not by physicists but by philosophers of science. Among scientific practitioners themselves, Bohr’s attempt to use instrumentality as sufficient grounds for a respectable science has met with a high degree of success. And again, in The World as We Know It: Bohr’s and Einstein’s concerns are now questions that are mostly discussed by philosophers of science rather than by physicists themselves. The marginalization of these sorts of questions amounts to the demise of natural philosophy, at least in physics, in the 20th century. Quantum mechanics “works,” and that’s good enough for most scientists who encounter it. Examples could be multiplied. When handling the same subject matter, some echoes are inevitable. Scholars should not feel that because they have written “Isaac Newton died in 1727” in one book, in the next they must describe him as perishing, expiring, or meeting his maker. But the repetitions of language and arguments (not to mention six reproduced images) threaded throughout The World as We Know It are more extensive than that. They should have been caught by Princeton University Press or its reviewers, and revised. Because the two books have so much in common, it is easy to see where they diverge. The World as We Know It is a less theoretical work than its predecessor. The sociology of knowledge that organized The Intelligibility of Nature has been reduced in scale and folded into readings and examples. The taut interplay between history and theory, which gave the earlier study so much interest, is there, but it is subtle. In the earlier book, the case studies demonstrated theoretical claims about the character and development of science. In the later work, each narrative of discovery is an end in itself. Insights emerge from the history, but they do not control the organization of the study. With the theory muted, it can be hard to understand the logic uniting Dear’s sprawling history of more than two centuries of scientific knowledge. The 16 brisk chapters cover an enormous amount of material. But the closer the volume edges to comprehensiveness, the more obvious the missing elements become. A chapter on “Institutions and Pedagogy,” describing the birth of the research university, illustrates the problem. Inserted roughly halfway through the book, the unnumbered chapter is designed as an “entr’acte,” in acknowledgement that it does not fit the study’s organization around scientific discoveries. Yet as Dear is well aware, no general history of the development of modern science can bracket its 19th-century institutionalization and professionalization. It was the 19th-century university, after all, that gave us the “scientist,” a term coined by the Cambridge philosopher William Whewell. Dear’s history of scientific discoveries implies a wider social and institutional history, but it remains largely subterranean, only occasionally extruded under the pressure of the narrative. It must be said that the balance is not all on the side of the earlier study. There are some advantages to the more historical, less theoretical organization of The World as We Know It. Dear’s accounts of paradigm shifts are remarkably lucid, no small accomplishment given that they span fields and centuries. He makes excellent use of the wealth of new scholarship on Darwin and his influences, to which he has himself contributed. It is satisfying to see puzzle pieces from Buffon’s natural history, Georges Cuvier’s animal taxonomy, Thomas Robert Malthus’s demography, and Charles Lyell’s geology recombined seamlessly in the Darwinian jigsaw. Likewise, Dear’s discussion of stellar nebulae, divided between chapters two and 15, shows vividly how Newton, Kant, Herschel, and Hubble reimagined insights and observations as they sought to discover whether the diffuse light that filtered through early telescopes was a glowing, gaseous substance or discrete but distant stars. Yet despite such pleasures, the book remains a more modest work than The Intelligibility of Nature. Dear has clearly not changed his views about the history of science. But in the two decades that have elapsed, the discipline and the world around it have changed, making it harder to write a sociologically and philosophically ambitious history of science for the general reader. That is a shame, because in the age of Silicon Valley and biotechnology, both the reciprocity and the tensions Dear identified between the epistemological and instrumental ambitions of science are more evident than ever. In recent years, some of the most exciting new books on the history of science in early modernity have focused precisely on this pressure point. Important studies such as Pamela H. Smith’s From Lived Experience to the Written Word (2022), James Poskett’s Horizons: The Global Origins of Modern Science (2022), and Vera Keller’s The Interlopers: Early Stuart Projects and the Undisciplining of Knowledge (2023) all shed new light on how early modern science negotiated the relationship between its instrumental and epistemological ambitions, or in Russell’s phrase, knowing and doing. There is every opportunity for a philosophically informed approach to draw new insights from this wealth of material. Dear, unfortunately, has not done so in The World as We Know It. But for future scholars of the history of science, his body of work over nearly four decades may provide just the model. Julianne Werlin is an associate professor of English at Duke University. Thanks for reading The Chronicle Review! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Subscribe
Scientists search for answers as baby whales wash up dead in Argentina
Scientists in Argentina are trying to find out why unusually high numbers of baby whales are washing up dead along the Patagonian coast
Scoop: Renovus preps two pharma services companies for sale
The processes would launch in a robust deal market.
Tampa airport lands another nonstop flight to Central American locale
Breeze launches Tampa-Costa Rica flights with fares from $149.
Tigers: Don’t Expect Big Free Agency Moves
Detroit shifts away from the big-spending Dombrowski era, prioritizing homegrown talent and supplemental signings over blockbuster contracts to bolster their young core and address lingering roster gaps.
Thunder Must Replace Pressure, Not Just Production
Oklahoma City’s new-look depth must replicate the internal accountability that fueled last season’s success, ensuring competition—not just talent—drives the roster toward a championship standard.
Parliamentary government and political competition are the oldest traditions in Russian politics. Where did they come from, and why did they disappear? Writer Mikhail Zygar explains in a new film.
It’s hard to believe today, but Rus’ had a parliament before Britain did and a woman with the political stature of a prime minister five centuries before Margaret Thatcher. The Novgorod Republic was a state in which the prince was a hired manager, major decisions were made by the veche or popular assembly, and political culture resembled that of Western Europe in many ways. In his new film, Mikhail Zygar explains how this system emerged, why it lost out to Moscow, and why Vladimir Putin is so fond of Alexander Nevsky.
Moving back the clock: Did animal life begin 200 million years earlier than we thought?
In a new study, a research group including Yale paleontologist Derek Briggs suggests animals may have appeared on Earth as early as 800 to 700 million years ago.
Bishop’s computer science chair says AI is eliminating ‘grunt work’ and reshaping digital jobs
Dr. Russell Butler, chair of Bishop’s University’s Department of Computer Science, says artificial intelligence is increasingly taking over routine digital “grunt work,” changing the skills students and workers may need in the years ahead. Photo courtesy of Bishop’s University. Click here to read our platform! Get local news like this every morning. Subscribe free below. Subscribe Pulse Newsroom Artificial intelligence is already taking over some of the routine digital work once performed by entry-level employees, according to Bishop’s University Computer Science chair Dr. Russell Butler — a shift he believes will make expertise, judgement and the ability to evaluate AI-generated work increasingly important. Butler described the change as automation reaching what he calls the “bottom of the cognitive pyramid” during an interview with The Pulse about AI, university education and the future of digital work. His argument is not that humans are disappearing from the workplace. Instead, he sees their role changing as AI becomes capable of handling more of the repetitive tasks involved in computer-based work. “Everything’s converging on just AI basically doing all the grunt work,” Butler said. The bottom of the cognitive pyramid Butler is from Lennoxville, completed his undergraduate studies at Bishop’s and later earned his PhD at the Université de Sherbrooke. He joined Bishop’s in 2019 and now chairs its Department of Computer Science. He uses AI in research, teaching and other creative work, and said the technology is increasingly capable of handling routine digital tasks that once required substantial human time. “You’ve got the grunt work, like moving things around in Excel, doing basic programming tasks,” Butler said. “That’s like the bottom grunt work that the entry-level worker would have done two or three years ago.” Butler went further, saying in his view that much of this type of work has already been absorbed by AI tools. He connected that change to a shift he sees taking place in computer science, where entry-level roles have declined while experienced workers can use AI to increase what they can produce. “A senior developer now has access to essentially an unlimited amount of junior developers on demand,” Butler said. He was describing AI systems metaphorically, not literal employees. His point was that one experienced developer can now ask AI tools to produce code or other technical work that might previously have been assigned to more junior workers. That raises a broader question for universities and employers. If some of the simpler work traditionally given to newcomers can now be done by machines, how do people gain the experience needed to become senior workers themselves? Students doing work that once required years of programming Butler said he is already seeing the change inside his classroom. He created a Bishop’s course called CS208, Coding in Plain English, to show students — including those without traditional programming backgrounds — what they can accomplish using AI. Some come from disciplines such as psychology or neuroscience with no previous programming experience. “What I’m finding is that students who have zero programming experience, they come in from another discipline like psychology or neuroscience or something, they are now able to get up and running with real data sets,” Butler said. Butler’s own doctoral work involved neuroimaging, and he said he has assigned students work he considers comparable to the kinds of analysis he performed during his PhD. He described giving students a real dataset, an expected result and instructions to use AI to complete the analysis. Butler said those students have been able to carry out work at a level he associates with tasks he once performed after years of programming experience. That does not mean a student using AI instantly acquires the same knowledge as an experienced computer scientist. But Butler sees it as evidence that AI can dramatically lower the technical barrier between having a problem to solve and producing a working result. The role of the person using the system then changes. They need to know what to ask for, understand enough about the subject to judge the answer and take responsibility for what is ultimately produced. What about AI hallucinations? One persistent concern surrounding generative AI is hallucination — when a system produces information that sounds convincing but is false or unsupported. Butler said that problem has improved substantially in newer systems and is not as severe as it was with earlier models. He pointed in particular to newer AI systems’ ability to search the web, consult scientific databases and return source links rather than simply generating a citation from their internal model. Butler nevertheless said users should verify what AI produces. “You should verify,” he said while discussing citations generated with AI. His position is that hallucinations have become less common in the systems he uses, not that incorrect AI output is impossible. Human checking remains part of the process. Hours of work compressed Butler offered another example from his administrative work at Bishop’s. The university has been comparing CEGEP courses with first-year Bishop’s courses to determine where students may qualify for advanced standing. Traditionally, Butler said, that means reviewing two sets of course descriptions and manually matching one institution’s courses with another’s. As department chair, that could require hours of reading and comparison. He said AI can now be given both sets of material and asked to generate an initial mapping automatically. “It saves me hours and hours of work,” Butler said. Butler said the AI-generated mapping can also produce a better result than he would produce himself. He sees similar opportunities in businesses. A company may receive specifications, drawings, emails or other digital material from customers and then have employees convert that information into an internal format before anything can be manufactured or delivered. AI can increasingly perform parts of that intermediate processing. In Butler’s view, the employee does not necessarily disappear. Instead, the job becomes more about checking the result. “The human is still there,” he said. Judgement could become more valuable That change is central to Butler’s view of where digital work may be headed. If AI can produce a first draft, write basic code, compare documents or process large amounts of information, he argues that knowledge and judgement become increasingly important. “The real scarce resource going forward is going to be domain knowledge, expertise, and… credentials, authority, the ability to work with other people,” Butler said. He is therefore encouraging students not only to learn AI tools but also to broaden their education. He mentioned acting, fine art and photography as examples of courses that can help develop what he described as taste and intuition — the ability to recognize what is good, what is not and what should be changed. “And that’s the skill that they need now because the grunt work has been automated and now it’s about evaluating what the AI produces and telling it how to improve or expand the output,” Butler said. That does not remove the need for technical knowledge. Butler’s argument is that the emphasis may shift away from manually completing every step of a task and toward directing, checking and improving work produced with AI assistance. He also stressed that humans remain responsible for final decisions. “At the end of the day, the human has to make the final call,” Butler said, pointing to the question of accountability. Physical work may be different Butler draws a distinction between digital work and jobs requiring people to manipulate the physical world. He expects AI to continue advancing quickly in tasks performed almost entirely on computers. He is more cautious about claims that humanoid robots will soon be able to replace workers such as plumbers or electricians. Butler said those trades would not be replaced “anytime soon” in his view and described some current robotics demonstrations as overhyped. He described the situation as counterintuitive. “It’s almost like we solved the highest level first,” he said, contrasting advances in digital AI with the harder problem of building robots capable of operating reliably in the physical world. Butler’s argument is that some digital occupations could face automation sooner than trades requiring complex physical work. The wider AI shift in the Townships Butler’s comments come as local institutions are increasingly grappling with how AI should be used. The federal government recently announced up to $162 million over five years for 10,000 AI-related placements through Mitacs. The Université de Sherbrooke told The Pulse that the number of its collaborative research and innovation projects supported through Mitacs has approximately doubled since 2018-19, while the number of placements has approximately tripled. UdeS also said it already has projects involving both AI adoption and the application of AI to other fields. At Bishop’s, Butler said part of his role involves building the Computer Science department’s local presence, connecting students with regional partners and strengthening relationships with the Sherbrooke technology ecosystem. Those developments put universities in a difficult position. They have to prepare students to use the tools employers increasingly have available while also making sure graduates understand enough to recognize when those tools are wrong, incomplete or being applied to the wrong problem. The risk of losing human skills Butler does not see AI as risk-free. Later in the interview, he raised a separate concern: as AI becomes better at reading, writing, programming and other cognitive tasks, people could lose some of the underlying skills that historically helped produce new ideas. “The other danger is that we’re going to lose the human skills,” Butler said. He specifically mentioned reading and writing and argued that people could lose some of the lower-level understanding that contributes to breakthroughs. Butler said AI systems are based on existing human knowledge and argued that they become much more powerful when paired with a capable person. That tension runs through his view of the technology. AI can remove hours of routine work. It can allow beginners to perform tasks that once required substantial technical training. It can give experienced workers significant leverage. But the more capable the technology becomes, the more important it may be for people to develop the judgement needed to decide what should be done in the first place. For Butler, that is where education may have to change. Students still need to understand their field. They still need to know when something is wrong. And they still need to be able to make the final decision. But if AI increasingly handles the bottom of the cognitive pyramid, the value of a worker may depend less on how quickly they can perform the grunt work and more on whether they understand what the work is supposed to accomplish. Don’t miss the next story that affects your community. Join thousands of readers getting The Pulse every morning—plus breaking news alerts when it matters most. If you value this kind of local journalism, consider supporting it. Subscribe, share and like! Subscribe Share
Caleb Williams ruled out for Week 4
It is no surprise that Caleb Williams is missing Week 4.
3 new business openings worth knowing about in downtown and North Raleigh
A yoga studio, a 35-year-old coffee shop expanding near its Hillsborough Street home, and a round hotel reborn after a $36 million makeover.
COVID-19 Drops Out Of World’s Top 10 Causes Of Death For First Time Since Pandemic Began
COVID-19 dropped out of the world’s 10 leading causes of death in 2023 for the first time since the pandemic began in 2020, and only two years after it topped
OG ‘Hocus Pocus’ cast reunites in Salem, recreates iconic scene 33 years later
Original ‘Hocus Pocus’ stars Omri Katz, Larry Bagby, and ‘Monster’ actor Tobias Jelinek reunited in Salem to recreate an iconic scene in a cemetery: ‘Did we get most of the lines?’
BC alum introduces students to the science of flavor and opportunities in culinary education
On Wednesday, Sept. 30, students at Bethlehem Central High School explored culinary education and the science of taste during a visit from BC alumnus Emily Crandall. Crandall, a 2017 BCHS graduate, works as an admissions counselor at the Culinary Institute of America (CIA) in Hyde Park, New York. Her classroom visit was arranged by Family … Continue reading "BC alum introduces students to the science of flavor and opportunities in culinary education"
Wyman Duggan launches campaign for Jacksonville Mayor
The Republican argues incumbent Donna Deegan isn't functioning like a 'strong Mayor' should.
Michigan Uniform Combo
Michigan has revealed its uniform combination for Saturday’s Little Brown Jug matchup against Minnesota in Minneapolis.
Skydance Is New Name for Paramount-Warner Bros. Company
Paramount and Warner Bros. will operate under the Skydance corporate name as the companies prepare to complete their $111 billion merger.
Tony Romo, CBS Sports part ways after July OWI arrest
Romo was placed on indefinite leave shortly after the arrest, and his place on CBS' No. 1 NFL broadcast team was taken by J.J. Watt.
AWS Launches Aurora Capability to Query Data Lakes Without Moving the Data
Moving enterprise data around is one of the less glamorous parts of the running modern data stack. Nevertheless, it is critical to getting the right data to the right applications when they need it. Companies build their data pipelines to shuttle information between databases and data lakes. This creates a plethora of challenges, including the […]
What's that under construction at Salem's Willamette Town Center?
Crews are preparing to turn a portion of the parking lot at Willamette Town Center into a Maps Credit Union.
Adult female pythons cause the most trouble in Florida
Hunting them first can help curb the invasive species.
Sauer completes spice brands sale to Minnesota company
Minnesota food flavoring company The Watkins Co. has completed its acquisition of Richmond's Sauer Brands' spice and seasoning business.
Red Wings Make Major Dylan Larkin Replacement Decision
The Red Wings are expected to use Andrew Copp between Alex DeBrincat and Lucas Raymond while Dylan Larkin misses the first two games.
Exclusive: Man Utd Win Behind-Closed-Doors Match As Baleba & De Ligt Start
Sully Talkz Exclusive: Manchester United beat Lausanne-Sport 2-1 in a behind-closed-doors friendly during in the international break.
Alex DeBrincat Projected for a $14 Million Payday
The Athletic projects Alex DeBrincat's next contract at $14 million per season, and Detroit has the room. #RedWings