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Results for " II " 3,637 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle

University of West Florida sports to make jump from DII to DI, according to report

PENSACOLA, Fla. -- University of West Florida athletics will be making the move from Division II to Division I, according to a report from Yahoo Sports.UWF will

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Mar 31 • 11:33 AM EDT • Sports • weartv.com
Polaris, Callaway Golf Company, Compass, Sphere Entertainment, and Viking Shares Skyrocket, What You Need To Know

What Happened? A number of stocks jumped in the morning session after investors priced in a potential de-escalation of the conflict in Iran alongside reassur...

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Mar 31 • 11:25 AM EDT • Entertainment • stockstory.org
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Texas Health Resources CEO retiring after four decades

The hospital system will see a new CEO later this year, with an internal leader slated to take over.

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Mar 31 • 10:12 AM EDT • Health • dallasnews.com
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Vertex AI Vulnerability Exposes Google Cloud Data and Private Artifacts

Unit 42 found excessive P4SA permissions in Vertex AI, enabling credential theft and cloud data exposure, increasing breach risk.

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Mar 31 • 9:09 AM EDT • Technology • thehackernews.com
The cost to jobs and public health from the EPA rollbacks (Episode 30)

The US Environmental Protection Agency has announced a major deregulation of greenhouse gas emissions, effectively repealing 25-year-old emission standards for all light, medium, and heavy vehicles and engines of model years 2012 to 2027 and beyond.

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Mar 31 • 9:00 AM EDT • Health • piie.com
Zero Wrestling? Holloway’s Career ‘Done’ After UFC 326 Defeat

Arman Tsarukyan isn’t worried about fellow Lightweight contender Max Holloway. One month ago, perhaps that wasn’t the case. Like Tsarukyan, Holloway was chasing down a dance with Ilia Topuria, and the former BMF kingpin wasn’t far off from earning his first UFC Lightweight title shot. Unfortunately for the “Blessed” Hawaiian, he came up rather short […]

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Mar 31 • 3:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Unilever says nears deal to merge Foods unit with McCormick

Unilever said on ​Tuesday it was ‌in advanced talks with ​spice maker ​McCormick about a ⁠potential combination ​of its ​foods business in a deal that would ​include an ​upfront cash component ‌of ⁠about $15.7 billion, with the majority of the ​consideration ​in ⁠McCormick equity.

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Mar 31 • 2:08 AM EDT • Business • reuters.com
Joel Embiid reveals what doomed 76ers vs. Heat

Philadelphia 76ers center Joel Embiid struggled with his efficiency in their loss to the Miami Heat on Monday.

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Mar 31 • 1:23 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Why Artemis II matters for science and the humanities

After more than 50 years, people are headed back to the moon. Author Patrick Hicks considers what's at stake for America's latest moonshot.

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Mar 31 • 12:00 AM EDT • Science • sdpb.org
Heat step up with needed 119-109 victory over 76ers

MIAMI – For those insistent on postseason math, yes, the head-to-head season-series tiebreaker was at stake in this one. But for the Miami Heat this was about more than play-in math. This was about breaking out of a brutal late-season funk that included a road loss a night earlier to the NBA-worst Indiana Pacers. So against the Philadelphia 76ers’ Joel Embiid, Tyrese Maxey and Paul George, the ...

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Mar 30 • 10:06 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Something really big is going to happen': NASA's historic Artemis II mission approved for April 1 launch

NASA has given the 10-day Artemis II mission the green light after its flight readiness review, and the weather outlook remains favorable.

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Mar 30 • 5:38 PM EDT • Science • livescience.com
Missouri bill to cut off recurring political donations moves toward state Senate debate

A Missouri Senate committee gave a warm reception to a bill to bar candidates from raising money with automatically recurring donations.

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Mar 30 • 4:55 PM EDT • Politics • missouriindependent.com
Apple Intelligence Accidentally Goes Live in China Before Regulatory Approval

Apple accidentally started rolling out Apple Intelligence features in China before receiving regulatory approval, reports Bloomberg's Mark Gurman. Some Chinese users began seeing Apple Intelligence features listed as available and active in the Settings app on their iPhones, but Apple made no formal announcement. Gurman says that Apple is not planning to launch the feature imminently, and that its availability was a mistake. Apple has since removed the Apple Intelligence features.

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Mar 30 • 3:48 PM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com
NASA Shares Stunning Image Of Sun's Powerful X1.4 Solar Flare

This flare is among the most intense type, it is not expected to impact the Artemis II mission.

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Mar 30 • 1:56 PM EDT • Science • ndtv.com
Steelers 2026 NFL Draft scouting report: WR Chris Brazzell II

As the Pittsburgh Steelers prepare for the 2026 NFL Draft, here is a scouting report for wide receiver Chris Brazzell of Tennessee.

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Mar 30 • 1:49 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Sporting KC Weekly Schedule: March 31

Sporting Kansas City II News: The official source for all SKC II news, photos, videos, highlights, and more.

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Mar 30 • 12:30 PM EDT • Sports • sportingkc.com
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Sean McVay on Puka Nacua: I trust this kid's heart
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Mar 30 • 12:26 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Bill Bliss: Edmonds School District science teacher, researcher

William (Bill) Henry Bliss III 1935-2026 Bill Bliss passed away peacefully surrounded by family on March 9, 2026. Family ancestry records reflect three brothers and one sister arriving in Philadelphia […]

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Mar 30 • 11:26 AM EDT • Science • myedmondsnews.com
A 2nd grader designed an adorable mascot for NASA’s Artemis II mission

'Rise' is a baseball hat-wearing plushie that will let the four-person crew know when they have officially hit zero gravity.

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Mar 30 • 11:20 AM EDT • Science • popsci.com
[*LIVE*] Tennessee vs Michigan Live Free Streams On Sport'sTvl 30 March 2026

Tennessee vs Michigan in a highly anticipated clash of the 2026.These rule changes are seen as part of Live NCAAM ( Men's Collage BasketBall) ongoing efforts to evolve the game and maintain competitive integrity across formats.Pluto TV and All Men's Sports Network Forge Global Partnership to Launch a New FAST Channel and Media.

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Mar 30 • 10:57 AM EDT • Sports • salfordreddevils.com
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'We are getting very, very close': NASA makes final Artemis II preparations as expectation grows for Wednesday launch

NASA's Artemis II crew is ready to fly around the moon, with promising weather forecasts for a Wednesday launch.

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Mar 30 • 10:25 AM EDT • Science • livescience.com
“Everyone Should Be Welcome to Ask Questions and Pursue the Truth"

Meet the researchers building a more open, welcoming scientific community one summer at a time.

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Mar 30 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • carnegiescience.edu
Farthest, fastest and most diverse: 6 major records the Artemis II astronauts will smash as NASA returns to the moon

The Artemis II astronauts will soon launch on the first crewed mission to the moon in more than 50 years. During this trip, they will travel farther and faster than any humans in history — and will each claim a different individual record.

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Mar 30 • 7:00 AM EDT • Science • livescience.com
With Sam Graves retiring, Missouri stands to lose a key power broker in Washington

Sam Graves’ retirement marked the exit of one of the few Missouri politicians in Washington who had turned time in office into real institutional power.

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Mar 30 • 6:50 AM EDT • Politics • missouriindependent.com
Medical mover MedSpeed brings on new CFO

Finance and strategy executive Ross Lieb is joining health care logistics company MedSpeed as chief financial officer.

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Mar 30 • 6:15 AM EDT • Business • chicagobusiness.com
Remembering public health pioneer Barry Bloom: a scientist, a mentor, a mensch

Marc Lipsitch and Yonatan Grad pay tribute to their former colleague and mentor Barry R. Bloom.

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Mar 30 • 4:30 AM EDT • Health • statnews.com
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US: Rights-Respecting Approaches to Mental Health Crisis

Communities throughout the country are developing alternative models of mental health crisis response.

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Mar 30 • 3:01 AM EDT • Health • hrw.org
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“Self-Determination is the Pathway to Liberation”

The 66-page report, “‘Self-Determination is the Pathway to Liberation’: Alternative Mental Health Crisis Response in the United States,” identifies key elements of rights-respecting responses to mental health crises and explores how alternative mental health crisis response programs have carried out these approaches in practice. Many of these models share core elements, including promoting individual autonomy, providing voluntary support rather than mandating compliance, and avoiding unnecessary law enforcement involvement.

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Mar 30 • 3:00 AM EDT • Health • hrw.org
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JD Vance warns that extraterrestrials are demons: 'I'm going to get to the bottom of this'

JD Vance does not believe that 'celestial beings' who 'fly around and do things to people' are aliens. 'I think they're demons,' the vice president said on a recent podcast appearance, vowing to 'get to the bottom of this.'

ew.com logo
Mar 29 • 11:07 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
President Trump says he has 'no problem' with allowing oil into Cuba

Trump told reporters he would allow a Russian oil tanker to resupply Cuba, which suffers an energy crisis after the U.S. halt of Venezuelan supplies.

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Mar 29 • 9:46 PM EDT • Politics • usatoday.com
Midnight train from Georgia: A view of America from the tracks as airports struggle in the shutdown

Long security lines at airports are driving people crazy as Congress and President Donald Trump try to work out a budget stalemate

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Mar 29 • 2:11 PM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
76ers' Joel Embiid talks health, East standings after win over Hornets

Philadelphia 76ers star Joel Embiid discusses his health and the East standings after a road win over the Charlotte Hornets.

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Mar 29 • 12:10 PM EDT • Health • sports.yahoo.com
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76ers' Joel Embiid talks health, East standings after win over Hornets

Philadelphia 76ers star Joel Embiid discusses his health and the East standings after a road win over the Charlotte Hornets.

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Mar 29 • 12:10 PM EDT • Health • sixerswire.usatoday.com
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[*LIVE*] Purdue vs Arizona Live Free Streams On Sport'sTvl 29 March 2026

Purdue vs Arizona in a highly anticipated clash of the 2026.These rule changes are seen as part of Live NCAAM Men's Collage BasketBall ongoing efforts to evolve the game and maintain competitive integrity across formats.Pluto TV and All Men's Sports Network Forge Global Partnership to Launch a New FAST Channel and Media.

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Mar 29 • 10:57 AM EDT • Sports • salfordreddevils.com
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[*LIVE*] Iowa vs Illinois Live Free Streams On Sport'sTvl 29 March 2026

Iowa vs Illinois in a highly anticipated clash of the 2026.These rule changes are seen as part of Live NCAAM Men's Collage BasketBall ongoing efforts to evolve the game and maintain competitive integrity across formats.Pluto TV and All Men's Sports Network Forge Global Partnership to Launch a New FAST Channel and Media.

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Mar 29 • 10:57 AM EDT • Sports • salfordreddevils.com
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After the 'War 2' debacle, Aditya Chopra is quietly working on a 'mysterious, timeless romantic saga'

After the 'War 2' debacle, Aditya Chopra's production house is working on a rom-com. The production house that has given us movies like 'Saiyaara', 'D.

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Mar 29 • 7:18 AM EDT • Entertainment • timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Watch here: Entertainment turns scary as dancing robot slaps child during public show

Trending News: What was supposed to be an entertaining robot demonstration took an unexpected turn, and not in a good way. A video from a public event in Shaanxi pro.

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Mar 29 • 6:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Inside Texas Politics
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Mar 29 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • kiiitv.com
In town for the Artemis II? Here’s how to do Brevard County right

From liftoff views to waterfront bites, the Space Coast delivers

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Mar 29 • 5:03 AM EDT • Entertainment • floridatoday.com
The deal with Israel's Rafael: Why is Volkswagen returning to the missile business 81 years after WWII?

Volkswagen, Founded by Hitler and a Producer of Missiles for the Wehrmacht in World War II, Is Set to Have One of Its Plants Manufacture Iron Dome Components for Rafael. After Having Suffered a 44 Percent Drop in Profits Last Year, VW May Be Pivoting Toward the Booming Defense Industry

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Mar 29 • 2:20 AM EDT • Business • haaretz.com
Do opposites really attract? Science says similar desirability plays a role

Relationships News: A study from the University of Missouri reveals that similar desirability is key to relationship success, challenging the age-old notion that opposites attract. Dive into the findings that focus on actual behaviors over stated preferences in human mating patterns.

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Mar 29 • 1:34 AM EDT • Science • timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Ben McCollum's winning legacy continues with Iowa's March Madness run

Though the stage keeps getting bigger, coach Ben McCollum continues to prove he’s a winner. McCollum and Iowa’s underdog March Madness run ended with a loss to Illinois on Saturday, but his success in his first season with the Hawkeyes proved he can win at any level. McCollum won four Division II national titles at Northwest Missouri State before spending one season at Drake.

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Mar 28 • 11:48 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Turning big ideas into real business plans through the Latina Entrepreneur Academy
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Mar 28 • 9:40 PM EDT • Business • kiiitv.com
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Mercedes-Benz service tech charged for allegedly taking customer’s vehicle to sports bar

A dealership employee in Tennessee has been charged after being accussed of taking a customer’s vehicle.

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Mar 28 • 8:50 PM EDT • Sports • kxii.com
Moon mission: Can Artemis bring the world together?

NASA first went to the moon during a year of political turmoil. Its return this month has a number of echoes with the past.

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Mar 28 • 8:01 PM EDT • Science • news.sky.com
Former Oregon PG Payton Pritchard makes Boston Celtics history

After an excellent performance on Friday night, former Oregon point guard Payton Pritchard solidified his name in Boston Celtics history.

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Mar 28 • 3:47 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Recap: Sporting KC II suffers 2-0 loss to St. Louis CITY2

Sporting Kansas City II News: The official source for all SKC II news, photos, videos, highlights, and more.

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Mar 28 • 3:45 PM EDT • Sports • sportingkc.com
New report claims Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 studio fired translator to replace them with AI and "save finances"

A former developer at Hooded Horses alleges he was fired from his translator role yesterday and will be replaced by AI.

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Mar 28 • 1:13 PM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net
Olivier-Maxence Prosper, Grizzlies set sights on Bulls

With nine games remaining in the regular season for the Memphis Grizzlies, head coach Tuomas Iisalo has other priorities in mind ahead of his team's game against the visiting Chicago Bulls.

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Mar 28 • 10:33 AM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com
Translator On Kingdom Come 2 Claims He Was Replaced With AI

The English translator and editor for KDC II claimed that he's been replaced with AI in a bid to make Warhorse Studios "more effective" and "save finances"

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Mar 28 • 10:02 AM EDT • Technology • kotaku.com
Kaiser health care workers ratify new contracts

Health care workers at Kaiser Permanente in California and Hawaii have ratified new union contracts after about a year of contentious negotiations and two rounds of strikes.

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Mar 28 • 6:05 AM EDT • Health • staradvertiser.com
Is Cade Cunningham playing today? Pistons vs Timberwolves prediction, injuries

Detroit Pistons vs Minnesota Timberwolves prediction, TV channel, injury report and more with Cade Cunningham and Anthony Edwards ruled out.

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Mar 28 • 5:06 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Larry Price, former UH football coach and longtime broadcaster, dies

Larry Price, a one-of-a-kind homegrown talent who helped shape University of Hawaii football and local sports media for decades, has died.

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Mar 28 • 12:03 AM EDT • Sports • hawaiinewsnow.com
Kentucky basketball is losing another assistant coach this offseason

The Kentucky Wildcats are set to lose another assistant coach, as Alvin Brooks III is expected to head elsewhere.

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Mar 27 • 9:31 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Tallahassee Police Department launches voluntary program to access to home, business security cameras

The Tallahassee Police Department and other local law enforcement agencies are asking people to sign up for a new program that would give them access to your cameras in order to fight crime.

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Mar 27 • 4:46 PM EDT • Business • wctv.tv
Apple hires ex-Google executive to head AI marketing amid push to improve Siri

Apple on Friday ​said it has ‌hired Lilian Rincon, who previously spent ​nearly a decade ​at Google overseeing its ⁠shopping and ​assistant products, as the ​vice president of product marketing for artificial ​intelligence, reporting to ​its marketing chief Greg “Joz” ‌Joswiak.

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Mar 27 • 1:42 PM EDT • Technology • reuters.com
Your eyes do not deceive you: Lauren Conrad and Kristin Cavallari are BFFs on the 'Laguna Beach' reunion red carpet

Lauren Conrad and Kristin Cavallari posed together on the 'Laguna Beach' reunion red carpet after squashing their feud: 'As you get older, you're not worried about the small stuff'

ew.com logo
Mar 27 • 11:44 AM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Mac Pro Discontinued: Reflecting on 20 Years of Apple's Desktop Tower

Apple this week announced that it has discontinued the Mac Pro, with new configurations no longer available and no further models planned. Below, we reflect on nearly two decades of the Mac Pro. 2006 to 2013 In August 2006, Apple introduced the original Mac Pro, which was an Intel-based follow-up to the PowerPC-based Power Mac G5 that debuted a few years earlier. Mac Pro was the final Mac model to transition from PowerPC to Intel processors.

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Mar 27 • 10:39 AM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com
Long Covid vs UConn’s GA health insurance

UConn’s proposed increases to the health insurance premiums would contribute to health disparities, and make healthcare even less accessible than it is now.

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Mar 27 • 12:01 AM EDT • Health • ctmirror.org
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Hades II Comes to Xbox Game Pass on April 14 - Here’s How It Builds on the Iconic Original

Hades II comes to Xbox (including Game Pass) on April 14, in its most complete form ever - find out more inside.

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Mar 26 • 1:29 PM EDT • Technology • news.xbox.com
International Olympic Committee announces new Policy on the Protection of the Female (Women’s) Category in Olympic Sport

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has announced a new Policy on the Protection of the Female (Women’s) Category in Olympic Sport and Guiding Considerations for International Federations and Sports Governing Bodies.

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Mar 26 • 8:54 AM EDT • Sports • olympics.com
Epstein files shed new light on what prison officials were doing the night he died

In the years since disgraced financier Jeffrey Epstein was found dead from what was ruled a suicide in his prison cell on August 10, 2019, conspiracy theories have abounded about whether the convicted sex offender actually killed himself.

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Mar 26 • 7:00 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Meet Ran II: After Losing A Sub Under The “Doomsday Glacier,” Scientists Have A Smarter Successor

Ran is dead, long live Ran II.

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Mar 26 • 6:19 AM EDT • Science • iflscience.com
Revolut to base 40% of its global workforce in India by 2026

European fintech firm Revolut plans to have around 40% of its global workforce based in India by the end of 2026 as ​it expands its India global capability centre.

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Mar 26 • 12:16 AM EDT • Business • reuters.com
Young scientists, engineers grow with UH support | University of Hawaiʻi System News

Science fair projects provide an opportunity to extend classroom learning.

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Mar 25 • 5:18 PM EDT • Science • hawaii.edu
Domain Capital Group Closes $768 Million In Commitments For Domain Entertainment Fund II

Domain Capital Group LLC, a private investment management firm, and its subsidiary Domain Capital [...]

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Mar 25 • 12:14 PM EDT • Entertainment • musicrow.com
'Tush push' safe for 2026 as submitted NFL rule proposals do not include controversial play

This won't end the debate, but the NFL owners will not discuss the play when they meet next week.

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Mar 25 • 12:09 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Winter sports teams earn scholastic honors - Fayetteville-Manlius CSD

All 10 of the Fayetteville-Manlius School District Winter 2025-26 varsity sports earned Scholar-Athlete status from the New York State Public High School Athletic Association (NYSPHSAA) Section III. This accomplishment is earned by 75% or more of the varsity roster having an average grade point average (GPA) of 90% or above; 171 student-athletes earned that accomplishment.

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Mar 25 • 12:02 PM EDT • Sports • fmschools.org
Afeela EVs Really Are Vaporware. Sony, Honda Kill Entertainment-Focused Car

Sony's plans depended on technology from three upcoming Honda models. When Honda cancelled those EVs, Sony did 'not have a viable path forward' on Afeela.

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Mar 25 • 11:53 AM EDT • Entertainment • pcmag.com
UCF football adds NFL assistant coach to guide cornerbacks

The Knights hired David Overstreet II to coach their cornerbacks after stints with the Dallas Cowboys, Chicago Bears and Indianapolis Colts.

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Mar 25 • 11:28 AM EDT • Sports • orlandosentinel.com
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Glyphosate: A story of science, risk, and nuance

In the summer of 2014, a California groundskeeper named Dewayne Johnson started noticing patches of raw, weeping skin spreading across his body. He had spent years applying Roundup, Monsanto’s glyphosate-based herbicide, for a school district, sometimes drenched in it when equipment malfunctioned. By 2014, he had a diagnosis: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In 2018, a jury awarded him $289 million in damages, later reduced on appeal. Tens of thousands of lawsuits followed. The story hasn’t quieted down. It’s all over the internet, swinging between “this will kill you, buy organic” and “relax, you’re fear-mongering.” Some of that recent chatter stems from an Executive Order protecting glyphosate and its production, which set off intense infighting within the MAHA movement. Some of it reflects a deeper truth: Americans genuinely care about harmful chemicals in their environment (see poll below). And the conversation isn’t going anywhere, with a Supreme Court case involving Monsanto set for this April. Glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. But does glyphosate cause cancer? And how much exposure is actually risky? With so much mistrust in institutions and corporations (and some genuine conflicts of interest), making sense of the actual scientific evidence is genuinely hard. Here is a translation of what the scientific evidence actually says. Does glyphosate cause harm? Glyphosate is an herbicide that kills most plants it contacts rather than targeting specific species. It works by blocking an enzyme pathway (EPSPS) that plants and many microorganisms need to produce essential amino acids. Without those amino acids, the plant can’t grow and dies. Glyphosate was first developed by Monsanto in the 1970s and became ubiquitous after the company introduced “Roundup Ready” crops in the 1990s. In 2024, Bayer removed glyphosate from residential Roundup-branded products due to litigation pressure. But today it is still the most widely used herbicide in the world. Farmers also discovered they could spray it directly on crops like oats, lentils, beans, and peas just before harvest to dry them out faster and make harvesting easier. Because of its widespread use, it’s obviously really important to understand if it’s harmful to humans. The key principle: The dose makes the poison The most important concept in toxicology is that “the dose makes the poison.” Sixteenth-century physician Paracelsus articulated what remains the foundational principle of toxicology: sola dosis facit venenum. Water will kill you if you drink enough of it. Aspirin saves lives at 81 milligrams and causes internal bleeding at higher chronic doses. So, at what dose is glyphosate poisonous? The LD50 in rats (the dose that kills half the test animals) is around 5,600 mg/kg body weight. Table salt is roughly 3,000 mg/kg. By that classic measure, glyphosate is less acutely toxic than salt. But some people are exposed to a lot of glyphosate through their work. And among the general public, there are many questions about low-dose, cumulative exposure from multiple sources over long periods. Does glyphosate cause health problems? Cancer Correlation maps are striking, with one analysis finding that 60% of counties that spray the most glyphosate have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma rates above the national average. But correlation alone doesn’t establish cause, which is why animal and human studies matter. In animals: Rat studies are typically what most fear is rooted in, but most people don’t know the study details on the dosage given to rats. A pooled analysis of the 13 most rigorous rat studies found evidence that very high doses, around 55,000 times greater than typical food residue exposure, can cause certain cancers. In humans: One of the strongest studies followed 55,000 herbicide users over 20 years and found no overall increased cancer risk. There was one signal: among those with the highest use, rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) appeared elevated. A broader meta-analysis of 18 human studies also found no overall cancer risk, though a separate meta-analysis focused specifically on non-Hodgkin lymphoma found that people with high cumulative glyphosate exposure faced a 41% higher relative risk compared to those with low or no exposure. These human studies are observational studies (randomized controlled trials would be unethical), and meta-analyses are only as reliable as the studies they pool. But the story seems consistent: at very high exposure levels, there may be some cancer risk. But that’s about as far as the science currently takes us. Emerging research: gut and reproductive health Gut: Because glyphosate targets a pathway that exists in some gut bacteria, scientists have questioned whether it could affect the microbiome. In mice, a 2023 University of Iowa study found that glyphosate altered gut bacterial composition and raised markers of intestinal inflammation. A 2024 systematic review found similar patterns: disrupted gut bacteria and problems with the mucus layer that protects the intestinal wall in mice. Whether this translates to humans is an open question. The human gut is highly variable and resistant, and we don't yet have strong studies confirming the same effects in people. Reproductive health: Animal studies have found that glyphosate-based herbicides can interfere with reproductive hormones, including disrupting egg cell development in mice and reducing the number of eggs available in sheep’s ovaries. However, the doses used in these experiments were high, so it’s not yet clear whether the same effects would occur in humans. On the human side, a 2021 pilot study led by Mount Sinai researchers tested urine samples from pregnant women across the U.S. and found glyphosate in 95% of them. The study also found a possible connection between higher glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and a subtle physical difference measured in female newborns. That said, some connections weren’t statistically reliable and this was a small study. The researchers themselves said more and larger studies are needed before drawing firm conclusions. What do regulators say about glyphosate safety? In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A). The classification is worth taking seriously. But, there’s an important distinction: IARC classifies hazard, meaning the potential to cause harm under some conditions. It does not assess risk, which accounts for actual exposure levels and the real-world probability of harm. The U.S. EPA, the European Food Safety Authority, Health Canada, and regulatory agencies in Australia and Japan have all concluded that glyphosate is “unlikely to be carcinogenic to humans” at realistic exposure levels. They’re asking a different question: given how much of this people actually encounter, what is the probability of harm? Your actual exposure is what determines your actual risk. What does glyphosate mean for your daily life? At the grocery store: Food residues are small. The EPA’s acceptable daily intake is 1.75 mg/kg of body weight per day. To hit that threshold from oatmeal alone, a 150-pound adult would need to eat roughly 50 pounds of oats every day. But this calculation addresses only one pathway (food), and we don’t yet have robust tools to measure people’s actual total exposure. If reducing exposure matters to you, organic certification prohibits synthetic herbicides, and organic oat products generally test at lower or undetectable levels. Either way, a diet rich in whole grains, conventional or organic, is far better for your health than one that omits them out of fear of residues. On the farm: Occupational exposure is orders of magnitude higher than consumer exposure. Farmers and farm workers who mix, load, and apply glyphosate-based herbicides, especially without protective equipment, face meaningfully different risk profiles. Proper PPE isn’t optional. Integrated weed management strategies that rotate chemical modes of action are also worth taking seriously, both for health and for long-term effectiveness. If you live near a farm: Spray drift is real. Concentrations near field edges can spike during and after application, particularly on windy days. This is an area where I think public health could really step up and empower rural communities with buffer zones, rather than placing the onus on individuals. But for now, knowing your local agricultural calendar and keeping windows closed during application are the first steps. Bottom line Dewayne Johnson was exposed to glyphosate at levels most people will never encounter, and a jury decided he deserved compensation. That outcome is not evidence that the oatmeal in your pantry is dangerous. But it is a reminder that the dose, the context, and the person doing the exposing all matter enormously. Glyphosate is a chemical tool with benefits, trade-offs, and genuine open scientific questions. Learning to hold that complexity without collapsing into panic or dismissal is, honestly, one of the most useful and hardest things to do in navigating modern health science. Love, YLE Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) is founded and operated by Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an epidemiologist, wife, and mom of two little girls. Hannah Totte, MPH, is an epidemiologist and YLE Community Manager. YLE reaches more than 425,000 people in over 132 countries with one goal: “Translate” the ever-evolving public health science so that people will be well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions. This newsletter is free to everyone, thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members. To support the effort, subscribe or upgrade below: Subscribe

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Your Thymus and Your Healthspan

Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.

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