SCROLL NEWS / DISCOVERY
Search headlines
Find the stories shaping the conversation.
Results for " rated " 4,909 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle
Angel Reese Is Getting Way Too Good to Ignore
At some point, we have to stop calling Angel Reese a “future star.” She is already a star. Reese has taken her game to another level with the Atlanta Dream, averaging 16.1 points, 12.4 rebounds, 2.8 assists and 1.8 steals per game this season. And somehow, she still feels like one of the most underrated…
Behind the scenes at Sky Sports Cricket: A team of 130, 17 cameras and a drone operated from a synagogue roof
The Athletic witnessed first-hand the organised chaos of the commentary box on day two of the second Test against Pakistan at Lord's
Colorado students report bullying, threats, mental health concerns as school year begins
Colorado’s Safe2Tell system received more than 1,500 reports in August, including bullying, threats, mental health concerns and a case involving an AI-generated explicit image.
Allegheny County Council proposes bill that could regulate AI use in political campaign materials
Members of Allegheny County Council on Tuesday introduced a bill that would require political candidates to disclose their use of artificial intelligence in campaign materials, an effort aimed at preventing voters from being misled by AI-generative content. If passed, the ordinance would establish disclosure requirements for AI-generated campaign content used
Have we found alien life? Hundreds of scientists weigh in
Two major alien-life announcements in 2025 generated enormous excitement, but most astrobiologists remained unconvinced. Only 6.6% of surveyed experts thought possible biological molecules on K2-18b probably represented extraterrestrial life, while 15.1% said the same about intriguing mineral patterns in a Martian rock.
The set-pieces: Real Madrid 2-1 Inter
Madrid won the first contact from two of their seven deliveries and generated four shots, three of them in the second phase
Tribal consortium achieves long-desired ownership of Alaska Native Medical Center
The nation’s biggest tribal health organization now owns the Anchorage hospital it has long operated.
Lori Loughlin is divorcing Mossimo Giannulli after 30 years together
“Full House” star Lori Loughlin is formally ending her nearly 30-year marriage to fashion designer Mossimo Giannulli. The 62-year-old sitcom actor said the pair separated on Aug. 31, 2025, according
Senate Set to Vote to Begin Debate on Protect College Sports Act
Background The Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (PCSA), introduced in the Senate on June 2, 2026, by Senators Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Maria Cantwell (D-WA) and joined by Senators Eric Schmitt (R-MO) and Chris Coons (D-DE), represents a comprehensive federal legislative effort to reshape the governance and economics of intercollegiate athletics, including redistributing the significant media revenues generated by college sports. Reported favorably 19-9 from the Senate Commerce Committee and placed on Senate Calendar No. 449 on June 24, 2026, the PCSA was substantially revised on August 7, 2026 (Senate Amendment 6768). The PCSA arrives against a backdrop of cascading judicial decisions that have systematically dismantled the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) authority to regulate the economics of college sports.
Why Lewis Dunk Is STILL Brighton's Most Underrated Player
The veteran skipper remains the common denominator in Brighton’s success, transforming raw defensive partners into stars while proving he is the timeless heartbeat of the Seagulls’ backline.
Proposed Changes to Head Start Undermine Its Role in Promoting Child Nutrition and Healthy Eating - Food Research & Action Center
Published September 8, 2026 For more than 60 years, Head Start has supported young children during their most important phase of growth and development. For families with limited resources, Head Start is a trusted source of care, education, nutritious meals, and health services. Despite Head Start’s long history of bipartisan support, and demonstrated success, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has a proposed new […]
AZ's R&D chief Barr touts internal 'science success story' after IL-33 antibody's stellar showing in COPD
With a detailed data drop that AstraZeneca’s R&D chief described as an internal “science success story,” the British Big Pharma has secured an FDA priority review for what it believes could become a flagship biologic in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In detailed results from the late-stage Oberon and Titania trials—first teased in March and detailed in full at the European Respiratory Society Congress in Barcelona this week—the drugmaker laid out the extent of its IL-33 inhibitor’s potential to reduce moderate and severe exacerbations in a wide range of COPD patients still struggling with those “lung attacks,” as AstraZeneca’s Sharon Barr, Ph.D., called them, despite using standard-care inhaled therapy. In the headline results, a 300 mg dose of tozorakimab given once every four weeks curbed those moderate and severe exacerbations in the studies’ primary population of former smokers by 29% in the Oberon study and 34% in Titania. In the overall population of both current and former smokers, these reductions were 30% and 29%, respectively, versus placebo and inhaled standard of care. The benefits also extended to clinically meaningful exacerbation reductions in all prespecified patient subgroups and specifically turned up promising signals in patients across a range of blood eosinophil counts, with Barr telling Fierce that “it’s the details that make this even more exciting than the high-level results that we’ve already shared.” In fact, during AZ’s tozorakimab poster presentation at the ERS 2026 Congress this past weekend, attendees were so enamored by the data that event organizers had to encourage people to clear the room and look at the other presentations on offer, Barr said in an interview. “I think it really speaks to the fact that there is a lot of buzz around these data because the entire respiratory community has been so desperate for new therapies for these patients,” she explained. The respiratory disease continues to represent a “staggering unmet medical need,” Barr said, highlighting the COPD exacerbations that the Oberon and Titania studies homed in on, which she added carry a greater mortality risk than a heart attack. “When a patient has a severe exacerbation, only about half of them are still alive within three and a half years,” she pointed out. As for tozorakimab specifically, Barr christened the molecule “an AstraZeneca science success story,” harkening several years back to the point at which researchers began to explore IL-33 as a driver of respiratory disease, and COPD in particular. At the same time, “there was still so much that wasn’t understood,” she admitted, highlighting the insight that IL-33 signals through both ST2 and EGFR through the RAGE pathway, a discovery Barr attributed to AstraZeneca's own scientists. Understanding the need to tackle both pathways in COPD—and aware of competitor candidates in the hopper, including one that bound ST2—the company ultimately had to make some “courageous decisions,” Barr said. These included taking a prior COPD molecule offline and going back to the drawing board to reinvent its potential IL-33 label “to make sure that we had a molecule that could block signaling through both arms of the pathway, through both the reduced form and the oxidized form, knowing that we wouldn’t be first, but striving to be best.” “When we put [tozorakimab] into the clinic, we firmly believed that we had a differentiated molecule, and we saw the other molecules blocking just ST2 or partially blocking IL-33, unable to deliver two positive pivotal studies in COPD,” Barr explained. “We kept marching forward because we believed our molecule was differentiated, and now I think we have the clinical validation that supports that.” Ultimately, AstraZeneca finds itself on much better footing these days when it comes to potential biologic rivals to tozorakimab in COPD. Sanofi and Regeneron’s Dupixent, for instance, is approved to treat COPD exacerbations in patients with high eosinophil counts, but not low ones. Meanwhile, the future has become cloudier for other next-gen IL-33 candidates from Sanofi and Regeneron, as well as Roche, which have suffered trial flops in recent years. One other potential ingredient for AstraZeneca’s success in its duo of studies was that the company was “ambitious in the trial design, willing to look at an all-comers population,” Barr said, “and willing to enroll the most severe patients.” Prior studies for would-be biologics rivals in COPD “avoided enrolling” those patients, she pointed out. She also highlighted the Big Pharma’s painstaking design of exacerbations in its trial, which “gave us a very rigorous readout,” and pointed to “the extra effort and investment” the company put in to understand the effect of mucus plugs in patients. Barr described mucus production as a “key feature in disease diversity,” noting that mucus plugs—obstructing clumps of mucus that block patients’ airways—are associated with worse outcomes in COPD. In its data announcement, AstraZeneca noted that an integrated analysis of Oberon and Titania found tozorakimab “demonstrated a reduction in patients’ mucus plug score,” with the pharma claiming its biologic is the first to deliver such results in a broad COPD population. “So being able to reduce those mucus plugs, we expect, is an important part of driving benefit for patients who are living with COPD,” Barr said. Again touching on the breadth of the study populations, Barr added that tozorakimab “worked across all eosinophil levels in both current and former smokers across all levels of lung function,” which she suggested “really simplifies decision-making for clinicians, and it allows them to offer therapy to the broadest possible patient population.” In the highest patient eosinophil count group, tozorakimab helped chart a 43% reduction in exacerbation risk, which Barr stressed were “unprecedented data.” In the mid-level group, AZ’s drug delivered a 23% reduction and, in the lowest group, a 34% reduction in eosinophils, which Barr said suggests efficacy “in all patient subgroups.” As for AZ’s recent guidance upgrade on the medicine’s sales opportunity, the lift from a $3 billion to $5 billion range to $5 billion plus was informed by multiple factors, Barr said, including the fact that “in 2024, there were multiple competitors, and there aren’t anymore.” Additionally, “we know that this is a massive unmet medical need, and this is a really incredible set of data that we think will be very convincing to the clinical community,” Barr said. Looking ahead to a potential evolution of the COPD treatment landscape, Barr noted that most patients start treatment in the community with an option like a triple therapy, and for them, having an option like AstraZeneca’s inhaler Breztri will remain a “really important part” of that journey. But of the patients uncontrolled on triple therapy, which Barr described as “about half of them today,” just a “small fraction” are currently eligible for biologic therapy, which she emphasized AstraZeneca is working to change. Understanding that COPD is not a “one-size-fits-all” disease, AstraZeneca is also looking at its antibody drug Tezspire for patients with T2-driven disease, and the company continues to think about new mechanisms for tackling COPD through both systemic and inhaled drugs, Barr said.
Auburn launches new AI course for business leaders in Birmingham
As AI (artificial intelligence) becomes increasingly integrated into our everyday lives, it's transforming everything from the way we search for information
Apple Acquires Startup Working on 'Breakthrough Sensing Technology'
Earlier this year, Apple acquired California-based startup Sonera, according to a notice published today on the European Commission's website. Sonera previously announced that it had developed "breakthrough sensing technology" that "non-invasively measures magnetic fields" generated by the brain and body. The company said its technology can analyze neural data without direct skin contact, giving it an advantage over traditional electrical sensing techniques.
Juventus fans attack their team’s mindset over Federico Gatti’s celebration
Federico Gatti saved the day for Juventus when they faced AC Milan at the weekend, but his reaction after scoring has frustrated the club’s fans.The Bianconeri were the better team during the match,...
DeWitt’s Crossroads Business Park gets ready for growth
DEWITT, Iowa – Community leaders and development partners recently celebrated the groundbreaking of five regional water detention ponds in an expansion of the Crossroads Business Park, marking a major milestone in preparing the site for future industrial growth. The project is the first phase of infrastructure improvements that will make approximately 125 acres of development […]
Scientists confirm Newton’s gravity law
Gravity has survived its largest-scale test yet, holding up across distances of up to 230 megaparsecs, or about 750 million light-years. University of Pennsylvania physicists found that the force weakens with distance almost exactly as Newton’s equations predict, a relationship later incorporated into Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Galaxies and galaxy clusters move faster than...
No public season target for Jaissle
Newcastle have forecast a range of financial scenarios, depending on where the club finish this season, but sporting director Ross Wilson maintained the German has not been set a specific target for the campaign. Chief executive David Hopkinson, though, reiterated that Newcastle's ultimate ambition is to "consistently and credibly compete" for the top honours in the long run.
Case for Gray becoming very hard to make
The optimism that followed Hibs' win in Dundee has well and truly drained from the support after two subsequent performances that fell well short of expectations. A hapless first half, where Hibs chased shadows, was followed by a second half that started brightly but ended prematurely with a ridiculously self-inflicted red card. The promising start to the campaign has quickly evaporated with losses to Gent, Hearts and now St Johnstone.
Democrats see rare signs of hope in solidly red Arkansas’ midterms
Democrats are trying to capitalize on President Donald Trump’s disapproval ratings while Libertarians pitch themselves to those frustrated by both major parties.
Yermo School celebrates milestone grand opening of gym, health center
Silver Valley Unified School District officials and the community celebrated the grand opening of the Yermo School Gym and School-Based Health Center.
WATCH | Mobile speech therapy business ‘Speech on the Spot’ helps meet families needs
Stepping inside Speech on the Spot, a mobile therapy business, visitors are greeted by bus walls decorated with stickers of sunshine, clouds and the phrase "Imagination Blooms."
Sanford Health finalizes deal for North Memorial
Sanford Health and North Memorial Health have finalized a partnership to create an integrated health system in Minnesota.
Scientists sent a robot two miles below California and found a bigfin squid; it was the first live Northeast Pacific sighting
Two miles below the surface of the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California, in a world of near total darkness and crushing pressure, a remotely operated vehicle glided silently through the water. Its cameras were scanning the deep for the strange and the seldom-seen when something extraordinary appeared on its screen.
China’s exports pick up in August, jumping 25% on strong demand for autos and high tech goods
China has reported that its exports accelerated in August, jumping 25% from a year earlier on strong demand for autos and high-tech goods, its customs agency said Tuesday.
Sand Springs business owner frustrated after suspect in theft remains free
Kailie Wells says she gave police the suspect's face, license plate, name and address, but no arrest has been made
The Science of Emotion: How Scentsophy Is Changing Modern Perfumery
Discover the world of luxury—elite travel, supercars, yachts, private aviation, fine living, and curated style from Upscale Living Magazine.
Theresa Porcaro Celebrated for Leadership in Healthcare Marketing and Women's Health Advocacy
September 8, 2026 -- Theresa Marie Porcaro is lauded for her contributions as a leading executive at Pelvic Rehabilitation Medicine
WHO South-East Asia Region recognizes major public health achievements across Member States
The World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region today celebrated major public health achievements by Member States, highlighting important milestones in disease elimination, maternal, newborn and child health, immunization, and the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases. The awards were presented by the WHO Director-General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, to Ministers of Health or Heads of Delegation during the Seventy-ninth Session of the WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia. Three major disease elimination milestones were celebrated. Timor-Leste was felicitated for achieving WHO validation for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. With Timor-Leste’s achievement, the South-East Asia Region has achieved the global target of eliminating trachoma as a public health problem.
James Alan Cook Celebrated for Success and Expertise in Law and Interactive Entertainment
September 8, 2026 -- James Alan Cook is noted for his legal career in computer law and interactive entertainment
David Andrew Goodman is Celebrated for Decades of Continued Success in the Entertainment Sector
September 8, 2026 -- David Andrew Goodman is lauded for his contributions in production lighting at Goodman Grip & Light
Health Ministers of WHO South-East Asia Region adopt Dili Declaration to advance equity in specialized care
Health Ministers of the WHO South-East Asia Region today adopted the Dili Declaration on Human Resources for Health: Equity in Specialized Care, committing to strengthen the health workforce and ensure that all people, including those living in rural, remote and underserved areas, have access to quality specialized health care. The Declaration, adopted at the Seventy-ninth Session of the WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia, recognizes that while access to quality specialized care is critical to achieving universal health coverage, it is far too often limited for those most in need. While the Region has made major gains in expanding its health workforce, significant challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to specialists. Shortages persist across many specialties. Moreover, specialists are often concentrated in urban centers, tertiary and private-sector facilities, leaving rural, remote, poor and underserved populations with limited access to essential specialized services.
Health Department urges safety and preparation during heat advisory
The Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services urges residents to stay hydrated, never leave children or pet in cars and limit outdoor activity.
Valley Regional Hospital celebrates opening of Michael and Sheila Satzow Health Center
Valley Regional Hospital, a member of Dartmouth Health, celebrated the opening of the new Michael and Sheila Satzow Health Center, marking the completion of a new health care facility designed
Could the Cincinnati Reds Be the Next MLB Team Sold?
Frustrated fans and rival executives anticipate a massive ownership shift as the Castellini family weighs a potential billion-dollar windfall amidst mounting pressure to prioritize championship contention.
Dave Portnoy names his 2 most overrated NFL players
Portnoy's choices are a mix of bold & stupid.
Arsenal continue to track highly rated Serie A attacker
Arsenal were keen to sign Kenan Yildiz in the last transfer window and made that clear as they tried to find an opening to make their move, but Juventus insisted that he was not on the market.Yildiz i...
Sports Illustrated lists Seahawks as "winners" going into 2026
The Seahawks made the necessary moves in the offseason to come away as winners prior to Week 1, despite much competition existing across the NFL.
Here's Why Teladoc's Integrated Care Business Deserves More Attention
TDOC's Integrated Care is driving profitability as chronic care gains traction, potentially making it the company's key earnings driver.
Key moments in the Lindsay Clancy case: the 911 call, mental health care, mistrial
The judge has declared a mistrial in the Lindsay Clancy murder trial. After seven days of deliberating, the jurors failed to reach a verdict on whether she was criminally responsible for killing her three young children at her Massachusetts home. Judge William Sullivan declared the mistrial Friday. That came after jurors sent a note saying that they were “unable to come to a unanimous decision and will not be able to." The emotionally charged case has sharply divided many Americans and generated intense interest for over a month. It’s drawn attention to issues around maternal mental health after childbirth.
SUV accidentally crashes into business on Azalea Garden Road
A business on Azalea Garden Road in Norfolk was damaged Sunday afternoon after a driver mistakenly accelerated into it while attempting to park.
5 Most Overrated NFL Players Headed Into Week 1
Is it better to be underrated and underappreciated, or is it more advantageous to be overrated? Most people wouldn’t want […]
Early Data Indicates an A.I.-Generated Drug Could Slow Aging
Artificial intelligence was used to help develop a drug candidate, rentosertib, for a rare lung condition. Its maker says the drug also seems to reduce the biological hallmarks of age.
How Ancient Farmers Used Floral Designs to Track Goods
A Mesopotamian culture’s decorated ceramics show some early roots of math, researchers argued.
Starz Entertainment Corp. (NASDAQ:STRZ) Receives Consensus Rating of "Hold" from Brokerages
Starz Entertainment Corp. (NASDAQ:STRZ - Get Free Report) has earned an average recommendation of "Hold" from the eight research firms that are currently covering the stock, MarketBeat reports. One equities research analyst has rated the stock with a sell rating, four have assigned a hold rating,
How Mental Health Influences Bladder Function and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Lower urinary tract symptoms are closely associated with anxiety, depression, chronic stress, and broader psychosocial burden, with evidence suggesting complex interactions between psychological state, sensory processing, stress pathways, and bladder function. Although some relationships may be bidirectional, current evidence does not establish a universal causal pathway, reinforcing the importance of integrated assessment and management.
Cuba: US Embassy issues health alert due to GI pathogens like norovirus, Shigella
The US Embassy in Havana issued a health alert last week after seeing a significant increase in diarrheal illness across Cuba, associated with the continuing degradation of the water and energy infrastructure. This degradation affects water supply, and food storage and temperature control. Recent cases have included E. coli, norovirus, Shigella, and other gastrointestinal pathogens. This comes after a health alert dated August 28 which noted that Cuba’s water delivery infrastructure is increasingly unstable. The Embassy is aware of reports of residential neighborhoods that have gone for long periods without receiving water from municipal or public sources. Dengue cases surge in the Tampa Bay area Prolonged and worsening water issues and power outages caused by the regime’s mismanagement of public infrastructure impact the entire island. Water often only flows to residences when city power is on for a sufficient amount of time. Media reports indicate wells are running dry across the country due to drought, aggravating the ability to supplement water delivery. The lack of water, coupled with power shortages that have disrupted cold chain networks, can present significant health and safety challenges. We remind U.S. citizens to be aware of the risks when traveling to Cuba and take precautions. Embassy officials offer the following precautions to prevent illnesses: Avoiding Foodborne Illness: Be cautious of meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy, and other perishable foods that may have been inadequately stored. Avoid foods that appear to have been sitting at room temperature for extended periods. Avoid raw or improperly washed vegetables. Be cautious of food cooked and then cooled, stored, or reheated, as improper temperature control can allow pathogens or toxins to develop. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating and after using the restroom. Hand sanitizer may be less effective against certain gastrointestinal pathogens, including norovirus. Outbreak News Today is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe Water Safety: Use only water known to be safe for drinking, brushing teeth, making ice, and cooking. Use bottled or appropriately treated water; check that bottle seals are intact before opening. Avoid ice unless the water source is known to be safe. Do not use untreated tap water to prepare beverages or food. Be aware that contamination can occur when food, utensils, and surfaces are washed with contaminated water. If You Become Ill: Stay hydrated, especially with frequent diarrhea or vomiting. Most illnesses are self-limited and improve within several days. Seek medical attention for persistent or severe diarrhea, bloody stools, high fever, significant abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, signs of dehydration, or symptoms not improving. Common medications (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen, antibiotics) are frequently unavailable in Cuba; consider bringing your own supply. If you like the reporting on Outbreak News Today, please consider a paid subscription for $5/month or $30 a year. Help support the cause of this niche journalism. It is appreciated.
Nominations sought for Hispanic chamber awards
The Tri-Cities Hispanic Chamber of Commerce wants to know who you think should be celebrated for making a difference in the community.
The science behind the beauty business
Some of Europe’s industrial champions may be in retreat, but its cosmetics sector remains a global leader, buoyed by healthy demand, recognised brands and a reputation for innovation."The fact is, the science in cosmetics is better here in Europe than anywhere else in the world,” says Pierre Morvan, CEO of Technature, a private label cosmetics manufacturer located near Brest in France’s northwestern Brittany region. “You have to have good science in order to make the difference, and that is why we invest so much in research and innovation.”Across Europe, the beauty and skincare products sector supports an estimated 3.6 million jobs, including 265,000 employed directly in the industry, according to the Cosmetics Europe trade group.. Cosmetics production contributes an estimated €11 billion to the EU economy, and generated €30 billion in export revenue last year, a €400 million rise from 2024.Technature itself has a global footprint, supplying products for 1,500 brands in 65 countries. Its range of skin gels, facial masks, nail treatments and other products include natural ingredients and extracts derived from plants, such as seaweed, that are developed and refined through science-based analysis and testing.While industry projections point to sustained growth for the foreseeable future, driven by emerging economies and wider availability of exclusive brands that were once chiefly sold by high street retailers, the sector is not immune to the impact of geopolitics and trade wars. The Trump Administration’s tariff threats have dented cosmetics exports to the EU industry's largest overseas market. After the European Parliament approved the EU-US Turnberry Agreement in June, setting a 15% levy on many EU goods, the French Federation of Beauty Companies warned that “exports are falling sharply” and urged the EU to negotiate an opt-out for cosmetics.Technature’s CEO flags South Korea as an emerging competitor, partly due to its assertive marketing efforts. “I would have to say I am a little bit scared,” Morvan says, regarding the growth potential of the South Korean cosmetics industry. “This is why science and innovation are so important if Europe is to remain the leader.”With a workforce of 200, including biologists, chemists and other scientists, around 15% of Technature’s staff work in three research and development (R&D) labs. A similar number work in four quality control and assurance facilities, where science plays a crucial in ensuring product safety in a sector that is subject to the European Cosmetics Regulation.Educational exchange between industry and academiaIn recognition of Technature’s research and innovation, Morvan was selected as one of Brest’s ambassadors to Science Comes to Town (SCTT), a European initiative to strengthen communications and understanding between science and society. Brest is one of three coastal cities in the EU-funded programme, alongside Split (in Croatia) and Kiel (in Germany). From 7-11 September, Brest will host the EU TalentOn contest featuring 100 early-career researchers from across Europe.Morvan appreciates the value of engagement with educational and scientific institutions as well as the home community. For instance, Technature collaborates closely with university partners to enhance its in-house R&D. In addition, it invites students to its labs and sends its own researchers to local institutions. "We absolutely want the students to know what the industry is all about,” Morvan says, noting that seeing science in action can help young people “understand that they can do something real with science, to create something with what they are learning.” He says another important benefit: encouraging new generations of young people to consider a career in cosmetics.Community involvement also raises awareness about Technature and the skincare industry as a whole. “The public gains recognition of the innovative company that we are, and this is important for getting new customers,” Morvan says. One of its recent innovations — tiny, colourful cosmetic pearls that release skin moisturisers on application — was showcased at this year’s VivaTech event in Paris.Morvan holds a master's degree from the Brest Business School and studied animal production and biology in Brest at the University of Western Brittany (UBO), an SCTT partner, and at the University of Tours. He got his start in business in 2002, initially working on using seaweed as a raw material in the food industry before transitioning to cosmetics. Morvan has always been interested in connecting science and business, reflecting one the goals of SCTT to enhance public-private collaboration.The invitation to participate in SCTT was unexpected. “It was a surprise to get a call from the city of Brest saying that they wanted me on this programme,” Morvan recalls, adding that officials were drawn by his company’s R&D. “It's not only theory and science fundamentals. Our science is something that is applicable to the global market — and important for the community.”Science|Business, which connects policymakers, academics and industry through its news reporting, analysis and events, is an SCTT partner.
Car crashes into front of business on Azalea Garden Road in Norfolk
An SUV crashed into a business on Azalea Garden Road in Norfolk Sunday evening after the driver mistakenly accelerated while trying to park, according to police.
Patagonia CEO: ‘Frustrated’ that CEOs are ‘kowtowing’ to Trump
The core anti-Pangram constituency is phony writers
Welcome to The Closing Argument, our verdict on the news, plus everything The Argument published and appeared in this week. The Verdict, by Kelsey Piper A lot of people hate AI for drowning the internet in slop and displacing human creatives. You might think that these people would be thrilled by a program that can identify and flag AI-generated work. But many people who hate AI also hate Pangram, an impressively accurate AI detector that produces very few false positives, according to high-quality independent research. This loathing found its most recent expression in a bizarre Wired article that amplifies a wide range of false arguments from Pangram skeptics: that AI detectors are racist (they’re not) or ableist (they’re not)1 or don’t work (this one does)2. Rather than starting from the premise that it would be really valuable to have a working AI detector and scrutinizing Pangram to make sure it lives up to that promise, the article starts from the premise that Pangram obviously has bad vibes and sets out to discover why. (One answer: The CEO microwaved lunch during an interview!) Why aren’t writers who resent Pangram more eager to distinguish themselves from posters who are having ChatGPT ghostwrite all their work? There are a few different things at play, but I think one key dynamic is this: These are often the same people. A core constituency for arguments like Wired’s is “writers” who are using AI to write their posts but resent this fact being made public. They stand to lose from AI detectors because AI detectors call them out. Share When Substack announced a partnership with Pangram, a sizable fraction of the platform’s authors rose up in outrage. Some people had experience with other AI detectors that didn’t work, and some felt that AI writing ought to be encouraged — both of which are fair enough. But the fury was fueled by authors passionately insisting that Pangram kept wrongly accusing them on almost every post they published. Pangram can be wrong, especially on short passages. But in the overwhelming majority of cases where Pangram looked at a whole blog post rather than a single paragraph, the program correctly detected work as AI. Even if we can’t be 100% sure in any individual case, we can notice the trend in the aggregate. Wired quotes Sam Illingworth, a professor of critical AI literacy at Edinburgh Napier University, who said, “I don’t think [AI detectors] work. … I think that detectors are prejudiced against certain people.” This spring, he said that he used AI for research and editing; this summer he acknowledged that in addition to research and editing, he also uses it “now and then for a turn of phrase I keep.” Pangram informs us that most of his posts are 100% AI-written (some are mixed AI-and-human) and that 100% AI-written posts started appearing last year. The favorable interpretation is that, as someone whose recent work Pangram consistently mistakes for AI, Illingworth sees Pangram’s flaws firsthand. The unfavorable interpretation is that the tool’s credibility trades off against his own, because its account of who writes his posts is not consistent with his. Illingworth is not alone in insisting the detector does not work. “It’s a Monday night in late July, and I’m pasting my own Substack draft into an AI detector for the first time. Not because I’m worried. Because I’m curious. I wrote every word of it myself, the way I write everything, out loud in my head first, in a rhythm that still carries the accent of a language I learned to think in before I learned to write in this one,” begins one Substack post by an author indignant that Pangram flags her writing as AI. “That’s the part I had to sit with before I could write this.” If you, like me, have worked with AIs a lot, you won’t even need Pangram there. The author of that piece is AI. It is obviously AI! I checked 10 other posts on the blog, and they were also obviously AI! “I have spent 22 years as an award-winning author and essayist. And now this bullshit tool that learned from MY writing is going to accuse me of plagiarism,” popular Substack writer Carlyn Beccia wrote in an anti-Pangram post. “For the last and final time, AI DETECTORS DO NOT WORK.” Here’s what her writing sounded like in 2020: “Most success stories revolve around one person who believed enough in you to say — give it a try. We call these people muses, but they are so much more than that. They are the strong man giants whose shoulders we stand on so we can see the horizon. Throughout the editing process, I am sure my editor felt less like a giant of greatness and more like Atlas with the world on her shoulders.” Pangram says it was 100% human-written. (So were other articles of hers in 2020.) And here’s what it sounds like now: “And then there is the reshuffling, which sounds like paperwork until you remember that empires have always loved paperwork. The Trump regime recently moved special education oversight from the Education Department to HHS. That is not a minor bureaucratic transfer. It changes the frame.”3 Pangram says this is mostly AI. I am not convinced that Pangram is wrong. In my own experience, Pangram is very effective on long texts — if it marks a long essay as AI, the essay was either written by AI or deliberately written to sound like AI. On tweet-length or paragraph-length texts, it’s not perfectly reliable. It seems to work just as well for non-native English speakers as for native speakers. While I have seen dozens of claims of pre-2022 text returning a positive result on Pangram, I have tried repeatedly to corroborate those and have never once succeeded. To be clear, I’m absolutely not saying that complaining about Pangram suggests a writer is a cheat. There are plenty of other concerns. Most are mistakenly premised, such as the false claim that Pangram trains on work you put into it, but others are reasonable: It’s unreliable on sufficiently short text segments; it creates an internet witch-hunt mentality when there are defensible uses of AI; people who are open about their AI use are sometimes blamed, when the only people really doing something wrong are the ones who hide it; and it isn’t perfect, so a single positive result shouldn’t be taken as decisive proof of misconduct. I’m happy to concede that Pangram is imperfect and possible to over-rely on. If an author’s posts are mostly non-AI and one scans as partially AI, this could be a mistake. It’s also possible to defeat Pangram with intentional effort. If you think we need something more robust and more reliable, fine! But if you don’t like AI and don’t like Pangram, your attitude really ought to be that it’s a shame that our existing tools for AI detection are imperfect, and it’s important to invent better ones. If your stance is instead that AI is evil and so is looking for AI, then ultimately you’re contributing to the sloppification of the internet. You’re making it harder for people who write their own text to distinguish themselves, and providing cover for authors who are definitely not writing their own text. Subscribe Top stories this week, by Kobe Yank-Jacobs Commentators often worry that the decline of reading could mean the decline of liberal democracy — but deliberative governance actually predated widespread literacy. This week, Maibritt Henkel pointed out that many liberal cultures thrive on a culture of raucous, interactive debate, which can happen in-person as easily, if not more so, than in text. Read on, dear reader, to learn more. It may actually cheer you up: [ ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/reading-wont-save-liberalism) [ Reading won’t save liberalism ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/reading-wont-save-liberalism) Maibritt Henkel · Sep 1 [ Read full story ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/reading-wont-save-liberalism) It used to be bad to downplay climate change (if we mean denying its reality). Today, it’s actually good to downplay climate change (if we mean keeping the issue out of political fights so we can make real progress). This counterintuitive view is called “climate hushing,” and contributor Alex Trembath argued that it’s the key to enacting good policy going forward. Get up to speed on the latest in climate politics: [ ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/we-wont-stop-climate-change-by-talking) [ We won’t stop climate change by talking about it ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/we-wont-stop-climate-change-by-talking) Alex Trembath · Sep 2 [ Read full story ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/we-wont-stop-climate-change-by-talking) Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney is standing up for the forces of liberalism against Donald Trump’s assault on our closest ally. So, why is one prominent left-wing commenter attacking Carney? Columnist Matthew Yglesias explains: [ ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/when-economic-liberty-means-central) [ When "economic liberty" means central planning ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/when-economic-liberty-means-central) Matthew Yglesias · Aug 31 [ Read full story ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/when-economic-liberty-means-central) 🌟Abundance Wins of the Week🌟 Shout out to my home state of California, whose legislature passed two housing bills this week. One requires a housing density minimum in transit-oriented areas of the state’s most transit-rich cities (Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, San Diego, and Long Beach). Another bill closes two common loopholes used by third parties to delay housing projects, including an opportunity to challenge maps of a given lot created by the developer after a project has been approved. Shout out to our big-state rival, Texas, where pro-housing SB 785 took effect this week. The new state law requires municipalities to have at least one district permitted for manufactured housing without a special permit. This will promote zoning changes in 44% of municipalities. The company Fervo Energy signed a deal with Google for what is set to be the world’s largest enhanced geothermal facility, proving a technology can work at a scale that could be crucial to a decarbonized, energy-abundant economy. Share Worth watching… This week, forecasting legend Nate Silver joined Jerusalem, Matt, and Jeremiah on a crowded episode of the pod. It was a party. And speaking of parties, our round table debated the factional lines within the Democratic Party: Is it possible to be center-left and also anti-establishment? Watch or listen to find out: The Rio Grande Valley in Texas is one of the areas that swung hardest toward Trump in 2024, but musician Bobby Pulido is running to flip it back. Right now, The Argument/Split Ticket’s model has him running 1.1 points behind his Republican opponent in a district Trump won by 18 points. Tune in to find out how he differs from national Democrats and what he thinks he can to do win this seat. On Thursday, Bernie Sanders was among the first politicians to call for a ban on superintelligence. My guest this week, Andrea Miotti, has been lobbying to ban superintelligence for several years, most recently in the U.K., U.S., and Canada. I asked him how he gets legislators to take speculative risks seriously, and we dug into what plans might look like to actually pass a ban. Listen to learn more: What’s News with The Argument The Argument recommends, by Kobe Yank-Jacobs If we ever lose track of Justin Zuckerman, I’ll have the team split up and check all the movie theaters in the city. I’m shocked (and a little jealous) at how often he gets out to see good cinema. This week, he brings us It Ends, a “horror-ish movie,” which he described as a “Gen Z Waiting for Godot.” I was intrigued before he added that it was “funny, dark and existential” — at which point I was fully locked in. I guess I also had existential themes on the mind this week. One morning, a single line from a poem I read long ago just came to me: “Is death a stretch of time in which a life is just a flash?” The poem is called “From 20,000 Feet” by Heather McHugh. I suggest the version in The Vintage Book of Contemporary American Poetry, which, by tradition, my best friend and I always bring backpacking, extra weight be damned. We’ll stay thematically dark for just one more rec from senior editor John Robert Thomason, whose upcoming trip to Baltimore reminded him to suggest Michael Clune’s memoir White Out (about being addicted to heroin in Baltimore in the 1990s). Ben Lerner’s blurb called it _“_Disturbing, brilliant, hilarious—it’s as if Proust had written Jesus’ Son.” John told me this “seems accurate, with the caveat that I’ve never read Proust.” I, personally, have also shelved Proust until retirement. At this point, I was a little concerned for the team since all of us tossed out such psychologically grim material — maybe we’re all down about the end of summer — but thankfully, at least a few of us were into more upbeat selections. Milan Singh recommended Made In’s 5-quart stainless clad saucier, suggesting he had some fun in the kitchen. Jeremiah Johnson asked if he could recommend yet more Carly Rae Jepsen. Once denied, he offered up Game Changer instead_,_ calling it “the most wildly creative game show, maybe in the entire history of the genre.” Eli Richman mentioned _Lucky, “_a B-tier show with an A-tier cast and an S-tier theme song.” I suppose he was recommending the song, Horns of a Bull. Still, despite these cheerier recs, I couldn’t help but be concerned that we were subconsciously worried about racing toward summer’s end — the end of swim trunks and splashing around. Then a message landed reminding me of the three-day weekend to come. A whole extra day for sunshine. One more swim in the lake. I was grateful this called to mind yet another line from a poem, one by Mary Oliver, the patron saint of every gorgeous summer day (and about whom a documentary is now out). Speaking to God in the poem “Thirst,” she wrote: grant me, in your mercy,a little more time. Love for the earthand love for you are having such a longconversation in my heart. We have merch! We have quarter-zips, keychains, hats, and stickers. Each one is a great conversation starter in its own way. Buy them here. Subscribe More to read: [ The Opening Argument ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/seeing-like-an-elite)[ Seeing like an elite ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/seeing-like-an-elite) Kobe Yank-Jacobs · Sep 4 What do Americans hear when they watch Sen. Bernie Sanders or Vice President JD Vance rail against the elite? Are they thinking of right-wing tech billionaires? Imperious college professors? Liberal magazine writers? [ Read full story ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/seeing-like-an-elite) [ The Weekly Scroll ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/god-is-back-on-the-timeline)[ God is back on the timeline ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/god-is-back-on-the-timeline) Jeremiah Johnson · Sep 5 This week, we’re talking about Substack’s new religious debates, the continuing MAGA influencer scandal, how to retire from YouTube, and aura battles. [ Read full story ](https://www.theargumentmag.com/p/god-is-back-on-the-timeline) 1 This was a legitimate thing to worry about, but doesn’t seem to be a problem given the actual technology: Marijke Van Vlasselaer, Filip Van Droogenbroeck, and Bram Spruyt’s 2026 paper looks at whether Pangram is less accurate when evaluating the work of non-native speakers of English. It isn’t. That’s because Pangram isn’t really looking at how “unusual” a piece of writing is but whether it has the characteristic patterns of LLMs. The Wired article makes an odd gesture at a different Pangram-is-racist argument. There were several controversies this summer during which upcoming books were canceled after being discovered to be AI-written: “The three novels mentioned earlier — Shy Girl, Daggermouth, and Call Me, easily publishing’s biggest AI-detection scandals — were all written by writers of color.” But come on! As Zvi Mowshowitz put it: “They were not primarily written by people of color. They were primarily written by AIs.” That’s the whole problem! And as my colleague Jeremiah Johnson recently observed with respect to Cambridge’s Arday scandal, a community being unwilling to call out fraud if it’s perpetuated by people of color is not an anti-racist tendency; it is ultimately quite racist. 2 Many non-Pangram detectors don’t work, but many possible airplane designs also don’t work, and no one considers this a general argument against aviation; the thing that matters is whether any detection works. 3 The phrase “empires have always loved” mysteriously became all the rage in the last few years. See here, here, here, here and here. Before 2025, the only use of that phrase I have been able to find is a single Tweet. The logic of the sentence, too, is incoherent in an AI-characteristic way. “...sounds like paperwork, until you remember that empires have always loved paperwork”? Does remembering that make it sound less like paperwork? It’s a craft-ful sentence, but what is it actually saying??
Late Giants Meltdown Leads to 4-2 Loss vs. Mets
San Francisco Giants' Cesar Perdomo’s scoreless gem against the New York Mets evaporated in a disastrous eighth inning.
Ryan White grant continues HIV care in South Texas
Local officials celebrated new HIV care funding while expressing concern about broader federal Medicaid and health care funding.
Combat veteran and Democratic Congressional candidate Cait Conley says she would support impeaching Secretary Hegseth
Secretary Wright: Gas prices ‘more likely to go down than go up.’
GOP Rep. Lawler disagrees with President Trump calling Iran War ‘small potatoes’
Candidates face off in close New York midterm race
GOP pollster: Texas Senate race ‘is a race that Republicans cannot afford to lose’
Sen. John Fetterman lashes out at former aides who accused him of indifference toward his work
Stella’s Pinball Arcade & Lounge strives to deliver top-notch entertainment: Greeley Gems
Started on the heels of the COVID-19 pandemic, the arcade and lounge recently celebrated five years in business.
How much will Celtic miss Asian Games-bound Yang?
Yang Hyun-jun illustrated his importance to Celtic with a vital goal against St Mirren before heading off for the Asian Games.
Philadelphia Phillies' Zack Wheeler Problem Has Evaporated
Accel Entertainment, Inc. (NYSE:ACEL) Receives Consensus Recommendation of "Moderate Buy" from Analysts
Accel Entertainment, Inc. (NYSE:ACEL - Get Free Report) has been assigned an average recommendation of "Moderate Buy" from the seven research firms that are covering the company, Marketbeat Ratings reports. Three equities research analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and four have assig
Keith Andrews Frustrated With Officials After Brentford Draw With Sunderland
Keith Andrews was unhappy with the way Brentford's 1-1 draw with Sunderland was handled, admitting he risked talking himself “into trouble” if he said too much.
Manchester United confident of signing midfield prodigy, transfer talks underway
Manchester United have been heavily linked with a move for the Leicester City midfielder Louis Page.The 18-year-old is highly rated across England, and top clubs like Arsenal have been mentioned as po...
Signant Health, Lothar Medical Plan Integrated Respiratory Trial Device
Signant Health and Lothar Medical plan integrated respiratory trial device combining spirometry, oscillometry, and FeNO measurement into a single platform.
What's brewing: Rockwell teens operate new coffee business
ROCKWELL — Coffee is served. That and a wide variety of other treats can be found at Sweet Sippers Caffeine Club, a new coffee business in Rockwell operated by siblings, […]
Street flooding in Carrollton hurts a nearby business
Evening rain caused flooding on Freret Street near South Carrollton Avenue, leaving a nail salon owner and her customers frustrated by ongoing drainage problems.
Babylon Bee challenges New Mexico AI political content law
The lawsuit asks if New Mexico can require disclosures on AI-generated political content without violating First Amendment protections for satire and parody
Atascadero Vintage Market marks one year in business
Atascadero Vintage Market celebrated its first anniversary Saturday with an open house and ribbon-cutting ceremony at its location on El Camino Real.
Listening to This Music Genre Could Increase Your Pain Tolerance, According to Science
A study of metal fans found they tolerated cold-water pain longer after several days at a music festival, even though it still hurt just as much.
Gasperini booked for protesting Colombo’s decision
Roma dominated the first half, but failed to find the back of the net. Gian Piero Gasperini was extremely frustrated, and in the closing stages he became furious with referee Colombo, who, according t...
Seattle Seahawks Named Landing Spot for Former NFL Rushing Champion
The Seattle Seahawks have an inexperienced group of healthy running backs, and a former NFL rushing champion remains available.Sports Illustrated’s Randy Gurzi included Kareem Hunt among three free agents Seattle could consider adding if concerns emerge after Week 1.Hunt spent the past two seasons back with the Kansas City Chiefs and recently visited the Detroit […] The post Seattle Seahawks Named Landing Spot for Former NFL Rushing Champion appeared first on HEAVY.
DLSS 5 was launched in Medal of Honor European Assault using the PCSX2 emulator on an RTX 4070 Super.
On Reddit, enthusiasts demonstrated the DLSS 5 upscaling technology in the classic shooter Medal of Honor: European Assault,...
Jay-Z shares explosive b-day surprise for wife Beyoncé’s 45th birthday
While Jay-Z helped ring in Beyoncé’s 45th birthday, she also celebrated the 20th anniversary of her sophomore album ‘B-Day.’
Trump keeps heralding an economic boom, but even a solid jobs report is causing problems for him
President Donald Trump has been promising an economic boom, but Friday's positive jobs report left him frustrated.
Chiefs Rookie Cornerback Rated Low As DRoY Candidate
Scott shines, Dedic struggles - Newcastle v Bournemouth player ratings
How Newcastle United and Bournemouth's players rated in their Premier League match.
Reality TV star can no longer speak amid serious health battle
Jenny Slatten and Sumit Singh fear being separated as her ALS progresses and they seek help with his U.S. visa.
Reality TV star can no longer speak amid serious health battle
Jenny Slatten and Sumit Singh fear being separated as her ALS progresses and they seek help with his U.S. visa.
From ‘slop’ to prime time: how AI dramas are shaking up China’s TV industry
Fully AI-generated, 30-episode Journey to the West series debuts, as shifting production economics transform the industry.
Business calendar
ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING: The Literacy Alliance has opened enrollment for the next cohort of its Integrated Education and Training Entrepreneurship program. The free program is designed for community members who are
5 things to know about Beyonce's 'B'Day' anniversary album featuring Selena and more
As Beyoncé celebrated another trip around the sun, she marked the milestone with the release of "B'Day (20th Anniversary Edition)."
Dianna Russini’s Next NFL Move Takes Shape as Barstool Sports Emerges as Favorite
Dianna Russini may not be away from the NFL spotlight much longer.Five months after leaving The Athletic, Russini is “absolutely” planning a return to sports media and has been discussing several potential opportunities, according to a new report from Front Office Sports.And one possible landing spot has quickly separated itself from the pack.Front Office Sports’ […] The post Dianna Russini’s Next NFL Move Takes Shape as Barstool Sports Emerges as Favorite appeared first on HEAVY.
Insider Gets Blunt on Commanders’ Jayden Daniels Before Eagles Game
Washington Commanders QB Jayden Daniels was hit with the injury bug last season, so the team will have to do everything possible to ensure that Daniels stays healthy this campaign. Nonetheless, the entire responsibility for Daniels’ health shouldn’t solely be on the offensive line. Sports Illustrated’s Albert Breer believes that the Commanders QB also should […] The post Insider Gets Blunt on Commanders’ Jayden Daniels Before Eagles Game appeared first on HEAVY.
GOP Lawmakers Discuss Economic Development At W.Va. Chamber Business Summit
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS – The final day of the West Virginia Chamber of Commerce 90th Annual Meeting and Business Summit at the Greenbrier wrapped up Friday morning with Republican lawmakers talking about the state’s economic future. House Speaker Roger Hanshaw, R-Clay, moderated a panel discussion with House Judiciary Committee Chairman JB Akers, R-Kanawha; state Sen. […]
Gainesville’s The Streatery enters soft opening mode with new businesses opening
$4.5-million construction started in April.
AI-generated ads have come to Oakland politics. Accessible solution
Slowly but surely, more campaigns are using videos and songs made with artificial intelligence. We asked local candidates and experts about the implications.
Detroit Tigers Blow Another Big Lead in Walk-Off Loss
A five-run cushion evaporated in an instant after Brayan Rocchio’s stunning grand slam silenced Detroit, setting the stage for a crushing late-inning collapse against the Guardians.
Ocean indicators NOAA scientists are tracking for El Niño’s arrival on the West Coast
NOAA Fisheries scientists are tracking West Coast conditions as part of our Integrated Ecosystem Assessment. Here are some of the changes in ocean conditions and marine life that typically signal the arrival of El Niño’s influence along the West Coast.
Meloni celebrates her Italian government's longevity during party rally in Bari
BARI, Italy — Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni celebrated her government's milestone longevity at a rally Friday of supporters in the southern city of Bari, arguing that four years of
You Can Get 5 Excellent 90+ Rated Steam Games For Under $25 Right Now
Tomb Raider and Guardians of the Galaxy belong in any big Steam library
Integrated Solutions For Systems Lands $47 Million Navy Contract
Integrated Solutions for Systems’ new Navy contract leads this week’s list of Huntsville-area companies that have been awarded contracts by the Department of
2026 Healthcare Leadership Awards: OUTSTANDING COMMUNITY OUTREACH HONOREE
USC Verdugo Hills Hospital (USC-VHH) has demonstrated an enduring commitment to community engagement through its Healthcare Day of Discovery program, an
Maine healthcare leaders celebrate Gov. Mills as ‘Health Care Hero’
Photo courtesy of the Office of Gov. Janet MillsHEALTH CARE HERO — Healthcare leaders from across Maine celebrated Gov.
Giants Could Land Underrated Pass Rusher Before Week 1
The New York Giants could add another pass rusher before the season opener.
NH inmates can now earn a business degree from UNH
The program allows incarcerated students to put their associate degree credits toward a bachelor’s degree in business administration.
New Jensen Interceptor GTX breaks cover as a track-focused V8 beast to mark a new era
The Jensen Interceptor is underrated classic, and the Britain's first muscle car as some people call it, and now there's a new one with a V8
No license, no inspection, no accountability — who is protecting women?
In early August, Massachusetts Gov. Maura Healey signed into law expansion of abortion from 24 weeks through the entire pregnancy. While many celebrated, Colorado serves as a staunch warning of the unintended consequences of unrestricted, unregulated abortion. Whether pro-life or pro-choice, Coloradans agree women deserve high-quality, safe, compassionate care. Colorado voters mistakenly believed a constitutional right to […]