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NCAA Tournament: Cinderella’s not ‘dead,’ she’s just sporting new threads
Cinderella entered the portal. Now she's built different.
CDC dilemma: Nominee may need both MAHA and science chops
As a deadline arrives this week to nominate a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention director, some Republicans are skeptical the administration will find someone who can check all the boxes necessary for confirmation. The candidate will need the “Make America Healthy Again” mindset of Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s Health and Human Services Department, […]
Las Vegas talent agency grows as city’s entertainment market expands
As the city continues to grow, more opportunities are coming up for local models and actors.
Las Vegas talent agency grows as city’s entertainment market expands
As the city continues to grow, more opportunities are coming up for local models and actors.
Las Vegas talent agency grows as city’s entertainment market expands
As the city continues to grow, more opportunities are coming up for local models and actors.
Las Vegas talent agency grows as city’s entertainment market expands
As the city continues to grow, more opportunities are coming up for local models and actors.
Is the Center Still Alive in Big-City Politics?
Left-leaning mayoral winners are getting a lot of attention, but in a few cities business-friendly moderates are showing strength.
12 Movies About the Adult Entertainment Industry That Don't Sugarcoat Anything
These films about the adult entertainment industry that don't sugarcoat a thing.
Entertainment district ordinance repeal not on city council agenda
Entertainment district ordinance repeal not on city council agenda
Entertainment district ordinance repeal not on council agendas despite Ward 7 councilmember claims
Norman City Council will not see an ordinance repeal related to the Rock Creek Entertainment District during Tuesday’s city council meeting, despite a statement from a council member that it
Markwayne Mullin confirmed to lead a DHS in turmoil
Markwayne Mullin will serve as Donald Trump’s next Department of Homeland Security secretary, elevating the US senator to helm the agency at the center of the president’s controversial immigration enforcement effort and an ongoing shutdown.
Jacobs Entertainment gets permits for sports fields, now under construction
2 News Nevada has gotten a look at new youth sports fields that are under construction in downtown Reno.
From One Major to Three in Four Years: Connecting Data Science, German and Linguistics at Montclair
In a German language program for local children and on an archive translation project, Isabella Zarate Gonzalez shows how Montclair’s mix of STEM, world languages and community engagement helped her connect her interests into a single path
NIU Today - Two business graduate degrees reimagined with a bold AI focus
Beginning this fall, two graduate degrees within the College of Business’s Department of Operations Management and Information Systems (OM&IS) will be reimagined to emphasize their focus on artificial intelligence and analytics. Formerly known as the Master of Science in Data Analytics (MSDA) degree, this degree has been transformed into the Master of Science in Business...
Secondary Trauma and Healthcare Providers | Modern Midwives Blog |…
Secondary trauma is a common form of distress experienced by anyone who is witness to the trauma another person experiences. Those who work in the…
Entertainment and more in the Mid-Ohio Valley
PARKERSBURG – The Artsbridge calendar for this week: TODAY * Geppetto Woodcarver’s Wood Quilt display, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., WesBanco, Market Street, Parkersburg * Art is Life/Life is Art, ages 55-plus,10:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., Parkersburg Art Center * Butterfly Photo Holder, ages 13-plus,11 a.m. to noon, Marietta Public Library * Hygge Club, adults, […]
Aramark Sports + Entertainment’s Culinary Creativity Takes the Field at Eight MLB Stadiums as Umpires Shout “Play Ball!”
As Major League Baseball prepares to welcome fans back for another season of unforgettable moments, Aramark Sports + Entertainment (Aramark; NYSE: ARMK) is stepping up to the plate with a new lineup of culinary innovations, collectible souvenirs, and fan‑driven experiences debuting across eight MLB stadiums nationwide.
Astrophysicist Deborah Haarsma Connects Science with Christian Faith at Pepperdine Libraries' Frank Pack Lecture
Hosted by Pepperdine Libraries' Rushford Center, the University community was given the special honor of hearing Haarsma's insights on Christian faith and science at the 21st annual Frank Pack Distinguished Christian Scholar Lecture.
March 26 Vallejo-Vacaville Arts-Entertainment Source: Activities
March 26: Dallis Craft with the Loralee Christensen Band, 6:30 p.m., Empress Marquee Club, 324 Virginia St., Vallejo. March 26: Poetry by the Bay, 7 p.m., Mira Theater, 51 Daniels Ave., Vallejo. March 27: Ultimate Fantasea Dinner and…
Two bills with the potential to increase healthcare competition in Tennessee make headway
Two bills making their way through the Tennessee General Assembly have the potential of shifting the healthcare landscape of our region.
Two bills with the potential to increase healthcare competition in region make headway
Two bills making their way through the Tennessee General Assembly have the potential of shifting the healthcare landscape of our region.
“Moana” in live-action: See all the animated characters coming to life in new movie
Moana, Maui, Te Kā... the gang's all here.
Knicks go for 7th straight win, face improved Pelicans
The New York Knicks are surging as the NBA regular season enters its final three weeks.
Henderson County launches crisis response program for behavioral health emergencies
In Henderson County, officials say a new program is already working to respond when someone is in crisis, often through a 911 call.
Mojang partners with Merlin Entertainments for the world's first Minecraft theme park, Minecraft World
Mojang has partnered with Merlin Entertainments to build the world's first Minecraft theme park in the UK.
Kraken assume majority ownership of Climate Pledge Arena
The Seattle Kraken ownership group, led by Samantha Holloway, announced the creation of One Roof Sports and Entertainment on Monday.
Zions Bancorporation to Acquire Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Business Line from Basis Investment Group
/PRNewswire/ -- Zions Bancorporation, N.A. (NASDAQ: ZION) today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the agency lending...
Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo Extra Service
To accommodate passengers attending the Chicago Comic and Entertainment Expo (C2E2) taking place March 27-29, 2026, at McCormick Place, the South Shore Line will be offering extra train service on Saturday, March 28. As McCormick Place is not a scheduled stop, passengers traveling to C2E2 should purchase tickets for Museum Campus. MCCORMICK PLACE SERVICE: Please click here for special […]
The Core Entertainment Hires Sarah Pfeiffer As Head Of Marketing & Gabriella Pulley As Chief Of Staff
The Core Entertainment is continuing to scale its company, with the recent news of two new hires added to the leadership team. Sarah Pfeiffer has been named
Fall River's Day of Portugal announces dates, entertainment lineup for 2026
A festival that brings food, faith, and entertainment to the city will be returning once again. Day of Portugal Fall River, which takes place every year at the Gates of the City down near the waterfront on Ponta Delgada Blvd., is back in 2026. One of the more popular events in Fall River which
Trump administration adds State Health Officer Dr. Daniel Edney to short list of nominees for CDC director
State Health Officer Dr. Dan Edney is among the contenders to head the nation’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Washington Post reported
Kraken owners take step toward a Seattle Sonics NBA team
Seattle Kraken ownership has launched a parent brand, One Roof Sports and Entertainment, that could include owning an NBA expansion Seattle Sonics team.
Kraken create One Roof Sports & Entertainment in expected pursuit of NBA expansion team
Kraken owner Samanatha Holloway created the umbrella brand One Roof Sports & Entertainment on Monday, a transaction that gives her a majority stake in Seattle’s Climate Pledge Arena and is a likely precursor to a bid for an NBA expansion franchise.
Kraken create One Roof Sports & Entertainment in expected pursuit of NBA expansion team
Kraken owner Samanatha Holloway created the umbrella brand One Roof Sports & Entertainment on Monday, a transaction that gives her a majority stake in Seattle’s Climate Pledge Arena and is a likely precursor to a bid for an NBA expansion franchise.
Senior Playgrounds Are the Latest Healthy Aging Trend With Real Benefits
They're full of low-impact equipment for seniors to get their bodies moving and keep their minds active.
From radio to newsreels to Netflix, Yankees chart course through entertainment history
For more than a century, the Yankees have been more than a baseball team. The sport’s most storied franchise is a pop culture touchstone, a versatile backdrop that serves as both a symbol of excellence and a punchline across television, movies and more. So as the Yankees prepare to break
F1 CEO talks US growth as business accelerates
Formula One (F1) CEO Stefano Domenicali joins Yahoo Finance Executive Editor Brian Sozzi to discuss F1's rapid growth in the US market, new racing regulations, and more. Watch the video above to hear more on the sport's focus on expansion and entertainment.
LIVE AT 3:30 P.M.: Ewing to announce entertainment for Omaha’s Memorial Park concert
On Monday, Omaha Mayor John Ewing Jr. is expected to announce details for the Memorial Park concert.
Stephanie Laing Signs With Linden Entertainment For Management (EXCLUSIVE)
Director Stephanie Laing has inked with Linden Entertainment for Management. She remains repped by CAA and Myman Greenspan.
Linden Entertainment Signs ‘Your Friends & Neighbors’, ‘Tow’ Director Stephanie Laing
EXCLUSIVE: Linden Entertainment has signed Emmy-winning director, writer, and producer Stephanie Laing for management. Laing is coming off the theatrical release of her new film, Tow, a comedy-drama s...
Rock Island Bridge announces grand opening after years of planning
A long-awaited entertainment district above the Kansas River has set an opening date.
How entertainment production hubs are creating new housing hotspots
NewHomeSource reports entertainment production hubs are driving housing demand by boosting local economies, attracting home buyers with modern amenities and community design.
Ewing to announce entertainment for Omaha’s Memorial Park concert
The event is happening on Friday, June 26.
Ewing to announce entertainment for Omaha’s Memorial Park concert
The event is happening on Friday, June 26.
Studio Entertainment: The Waddington Brothers
Bismarck, ND (KXNET) — The Waddington Brothers are performing at the Belle Mehus in Bismarck, April 24th at 7:30 pm. Tickets are on sale now and you can find them online by going to bismarcke…
Trump sued by historic preservation groups to block Kennedy Center changes
A coalition of preservation groups is suing to stop major physical changes at the Kennedy Center under President Donald Trump’s renovation plans. On Monday, the groups filed a lawsuit against
Jude Law’s Riff Raff Entertainment hires former House exec
Georgia Ince was previously a development executive at House.
Caesars Entertainment (CZR) Valuation Check After Recent Share Price Recovery
Caesars Entertainment stock overview Caesars Entertainment (CZR) has been drawing attention after recent share price moves, including a gain over the past month. This has prompted investors to reassess how its current valuation lines up with recent financial results. See our latest analysis for Caesars Entertainment. Recent trading has been choppy, with a 26.05% 1 month share price return contrasting with a 4.87% decline in 1 year total shareholder return. This signals momentum building in...
Health in a Handbasket: Chips & Dip
Today we're putting a healthy spin on a snack we all know and love.
Top architectural and historic preservation groups sue Trump over Kennedy Center plans
A consortium of the nation’s top architectural and historic preservation groups is targeting President Donald Trump’s plans to temporarily close and extensively renovate the Kennedy Center, filing a new lawsuit Monday that asks a federal judge to indefinitely halt the project.
AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc. (AMC) Is a Trending Stock: Facts to Know Before Betting on It
Zacks.com users have recently been watching AMC Entertainment (AMC) quite a bit. Thus, it is worth knowing the facts that could determine the stock's prospects.
Feature: Where The Heck Do You Start If You've Never Played Resident Evil?
Enter the world of survival horror
Latest World & National News & Headlines
USA TODAY delivers current national and local news, sports, entertainment, finance, technology, and more through award-winning journalism, photos, and videos.
Register for 25Live trainings at Health Sciences Center
The Facilities Planning and Scheduling team will provide a 25Live training session from 2-3 p.m. April 8 at the Health Sciences Center, Room 2912.
Building a Culture of Health: BJACH Opens Armed Forces Wellness Center at Fort Polk
FORT POLK, La. — Bayne-Jones Army Community Hospital marked a significant step forward in supporting warfighter readiness and community well-being with the grand opening of its new Armed Forces Wellness Center on March 23. The center, located on the first floor inside BJACH, provides Soldiers, Families, civilian employees and beneficiaries with access to personalized health assessments, education and coaching designed to improve overall health and performance.
Grub Lab: $6 Million Raised To Bring Sports And Entertainment IP To Independent Restaurants Nationwide
Grub Lab, an Australia-founded restaurant technology startup, announced it has raised $6 million in funding from Quantaco to accelerate its expansion across the United States and support a national rollout tied to major sports leagues and entertainment studios. The company is positioning itself as a modern solution to help independent restaurants compete for family dining traffic through interactive, branded experiences.
Sony Is Said to Near $1 Billion Home Entertainment Deal With TCL
Sony Group Corp. is nearing a binding agreement to sell a majority stake in its home entertainment business to Chinese rival TCL Electronics Holdings Ltd. in a deal that may be valued at about $1 billion, according to people familiar with the matter.
Sound Advice: A quality soundbar to take your home entertainment system to the next level
Q. You mentioned that the TCL QM9K television sounded so good that an external soundbar was not necessary. I find that most televisions sound awful,...
Banijay Entertainment Dials Up Global Scripted with Premium Series Mania Slate
Media and entertainment powerhouse, Banijay Entertainment, today unveils its premium scripted offering for Series Mania, showcasing a broad range of high-end drama from across its global portfolio. As the number one European studio in scripted, with more than 100 titles launching each year, the company continues to demonstrate its scale, creative strength, global reach and […]
“It’s a bit of an event. It’s not a sport” - Kevin Garnett thinks the modern NBA is more entertainment than competition
Kevin Garnett says NBA has become entertainment-driven.
A Look At PENN Entertainment (PENN) Valuation As Expansion Projects And New Financing Move Ahead
Expansion plans and fresh financing reshape the PENN Entertainment story PENN Entertainment (PENN) has put expansion and balance sheet moves front and center, with new casino and hotel projects in Aurora and Columbus alongside a fresh US$600 million senior notes offering. See our latest analysis for PENN Entertainment. Despite the new projects and financing, PENN’s 1 year total shareholder return of 21.21% and 5 year total shareholder return of 86.08% sit well behind peers. A recent 4.99% 1...
Vanderbilt’s historic gym takes center stage for Women's NCAA Tournament
Opening in 1952, Memorial Gymnasium is the oldest arena in the SEC. It had been 14 years since the Commodores last hosted the NCAA Tournament.
Data centers under scrutiny by California lawmakers as fears rise about health and energy impacts
Due to health and energy concerns, the California Legislature is considering bills to prohibit data centers from being exempted from the state's stringent environmental law and impose new tariffs on new major energy users that strain power supplies.
'ET's' archive has William Shatner on a whale and a young Taylor Swift
'Entertainment Tonight' is digitizing and preserving its archive of 45 years of interview set visits and red carpet walks, which include gems like George Clooney's first interview.
David Gallo opens up about why AI data centers, private equity are good for his company
After Katrina, David Gallo led his family's company, Gallo Mechanical, through a geographic expansion that helped grow the company to nearly $500 million in revenues and more than 700 employees. Last year, he led the 80-year-old business through a sale to a private equity firm. In this week's Talking Business, he explains why it was a good thing
Historical Wigan cotton mill to reopen as entertainment venue.
Factory Floor is set to open in Wigan's Grade II-listed Eckersley Mill following a £3m revamp.
Pfeiffer, Pulley Join The Core Entertainment Leadership Team.
The Core Entertainment has added Sarah Pfeiffer as Head of Marketing and Gabriella Pulley as Chief of Staff. Both will report to Co-Founders and Co-CEOs Simon Tikhman and Chief Zaruk
Norman City Council to consider ordinance repeal related to Rock Creek Entertainment District
Norman City Council will consider repealing an ordinance related to the Rock Creek Entertainment District during its Tuesday meeting, according to a council member’s social media post.
State lawmakers debate new round of business tax cuts
Rep. Joe Sweeney, R-Salem, and Sen. Donovan Fenton, D-Keene, discussed their support and opposition to House Bill 155, which would reduce the business enterprise tax from 0.55% to 0.50%.
California Politics 360 Full Episode | Sexual abuse allegations against César Chávez
Civil rights leader Dolores Huerta broke her silence, saying she was also sexually abused by Chávez. It led to the birth of two children, a secret she kept for 60 years.
Simona Martin: Colorado’s data center boom needs public health guardrails
As AI infrastructure expands across the state, lawmakers face a choice about who bears the costs and risks.
UTA College of Business to connect students, professionals with networking, elevator pitch event
Students, business professionals and recruiters will mingle from 6 to 8 p.m. Monday at the UTA Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology Development.
Third annual 'Hop into Health' draws families for free screenings and Easter fun
In Jacksonville Sunday afternoon, Onslow Memorial Hospital hosted a fun and free opportunity for families to enjoy activities like an Easter egg hunt, and take
Spring Health Fair delivers commitment to student wellness
The Student Wellness Advisory Committee hosted their annual Spring Health Fair on Friday afternoon where students were able to gain free tote bags, learn from live simulations and gain insight on new clubs and organizations centered on wellness.
Art and science collide in alumna’s artwork
Juliet Fiss, an RIT imaging science alumna, uses algorithms and formulas to create artwork, including a piece at RIT’s Carlson Center.
9/11 survivors’ health care secured for next 15 years
The World Trade Center Health Program secures funding for 15 more years, ensuring healthcare access for 9/11 survivors and victims' families.
Jason Momoa forced to evacuate as devastating storm hits Hawaii
Thousands have been ordered to flee as the archipelago faces its most intense surge of storms in two decades.
Notre Dame men join women in winning inaugural three-weapon title
Notre Dame's Ahmed Hesham won the men's saber Sunday, and the Fighting Irish men joined the women in winning the inaugural three-weapon national championship at the Joyce Center.
Educational Service Center awarded Teach Computer Science 2.0 Grant
The Educational Service Center of the Western Reserve has been awarded $584,614 through the Ohio Teach Computer Science 2.0 State Grant, a competitive initiative funded by the Ohio Department of Higher Education. As part of an $8 million…
Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.
US, Iran threaten more energy strikes as gas prices surge. What to know
As the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran enters its fourth week, the economic consequences continue to rattle markets.
What’s happening in Vegas arts entertainment this spring
Festivals, concerts, sporting events and more: Make plans with our entertainment calendar.
Wake County childcare centers take preventive measures as measles cases rise
Assemblywoman Alexandra Macedo says César Chávez allegations are "just the tip of the iceberg"
California lawmakers this upcoming week are set to move quickly to rename César Chávez Day to Farmworkers Day ahead of the holiday that takes place every year on March 31.
Oscar-Winning Alumnus Returns to Pasadena’s ArtCenter for Entertainment Design Expo
One week after winning the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, KPop Demon Hunters co-director Chris Appelhans returns today to ArtCenter College of Design, the Pasadena campus where he studied illustration, for the college’s third annual Entertainment Design Expo. The expo, known as ENTX, opens the Hillside Campus to the public for a full day of gallery exhibitions, game playtesting, animation screenings and interactive experiences featuring work from more than 200 ArtCenter students and alumni. General admission is free with advance registration. Two industry panels — including Appelhans’s talk — require $15 tickets. Appelhans, who graduated from ArtCenter with a bachelor of fine arts in 2002, co-directed KPop Demon Hunters with Maggie Kang. The animated film, produced by Sony Pictures Animation and released on Netflix, became the streaming platform’s most-watched film in history, according to Netflix, and swept awards season with wins at the Golden Globes, the Annie Awards and the Grammys before taking the Oscar on March 15. His talk and audience Q&A is scheduled from noon to 1 p.m. in the Ahmanson Auditorium. Doors open at 11:30 a.m. The film’s ArtCenter ties extend beyond its co-director. Art director Angela Sung, cinematographer Gary H. Lee, visual development artist Celine Kim and painter Simon Baek are all ArtCenter graduates who worked on the production, according to the college. The free portions of ENTX include a concept design showcase, a production design gallery, a model gallery, a stop motion studio preview, an alumni gallery and a KPop Demon Hunters fan art gallery. Visitors can also playtest games designed by ArtCenter students. An Animation Shorts Showcase runs from 2 to 3 p.m. and includes “Boy, I’m Scared,” a capstone short by ArtCenter graduate Lindsey Tenaglia that was named a semifinalist for the 2025 Student Academy Awards in the animation category. Also screening
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