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Feuding physicists and the bitter battle over the swirls in ‘The Starry Night’
A team of scientists sparked a heated debate over whether Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night depicts turbulence, a complex physical phenomenon.
Open Thread: December 27, 2025
The Open Thread/Daily Merengue is a place where you can discuss anything and everything related to football. Feel free to discuss the topics presented here, or start your very own discussions! The Open thread will be posted every day by one of the mods you’d totally do a movie marathon night with: Valyrian Steel, Felipejack, […]
Before This Physicist Studied the Stars, He Was One
Brian Cox once toured as a keyboardist in major rock and pop bands. Now he’s a particle physicist on a new world tour with a dazzling show he designed in an era of science disinformation and denial.
Jay M. Savage, witness to disappearing frogs and builder of tropical science
In the late 1980s, something began to go wrong in places that were supposed to be safe. Protected cloud forests, buffered from chainsaws and bulldozers, started losing animals that had persisted through far rougher times. Amphibians—often abundant, often overlooked—were vanishing in patterns that did not fit the usual explanations. Field biologists, trained to distrust drama, […]
Skyrim Meets Stardew Valley in New Free RPG, Out Today
Ethernia is a new pixel-art fantasy RPG that's available from today on PC via Steam for free.
Bishop Verot (Fla.) reveals 2026 football schedule
Yes we know, the 2025 high school football season literally just ended, but when it comes to the prep gridiron, it never sleeps around the nation. One thing that is evident already is teams are getting a head start on putting together and even finalizing their schedules for the 2026 high school football season. It’s […]
Don't rule out EU customs union, TUC boss Nowak tells Starmer
Trade unionist Paul Nowak says he wants to see the "closest possible" economic relationship with the EU.
Board Channels: AMD and NVIDIA GPU price hikes may reach AIB cards in Jan-Feb 2026
It looks like GPU price hikes are just about to start According to the post Board Channels, board partners (AIBs) are being prepped for price increases
Bay Cliff Health Camp finds new Executive Director
Monet Borione will take over for Clare Lutgen starting at the end of the year.
Stars rested and ready to face slumping Blackhawks
The Dallas Stars and visiting Chicago Blackhawks are pointed in opposite directions as they return from the holiday break on Saturday night.
My 65-year-old mom is healthy, but she started purging her stuff. Being part of the process is helping me learn about my family.
My mom began Swedish death cleaning to prepare for the future — but what she really gave me was peace, connection, and understanding.
Sports in Dallas - Scores and News covering all Dallas teams
Get the full coverage of all Dallas sports teams on ESPN, including the Texas Rangers, the Cowboys, the Stars, the Mavericks and FC Dallas.
DHDC offers Free First Monday, Girls Who Science programs
Enjoying science just got easier as DHDC strives to meet people's budgets to start the new year.
New York Mayor-Elect Zohran Mamdani Plans Star-Studded New Year’s Day Inaugural Party
Ms. Rachel, John Turturro, Luis Guzman and The Kid Mero are among the entertainment names on Mamdani's inaugural committee.
Biotech, cannabis, housing, ag all made business headlines in 2025
In The Star's annual year in review, the county's biggest business stories included housing proposals and the aftermath of a major immigration raid.
Whiskey, Soup, Parody and Politics: Lessons from Two Key District Court Trademark Decisions of 2025
This year started with a district court decision defining the parameters of parody and trademark infringement and ended with a case that could have taken the overlap of parody and political free speech to a new level, had it not settled.
Stardew Valley Gets Free Switch 2 Upgrade That Doubles Coop
Also: the first Nicolas Cage Madden trailer has been unleashed
The year human evolution’s greatest mystery got a face
A mystery that started with the discovery of a pinkie finger bone in Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia may finally have been cracked.
Want Powerful Relationships At Work And Home? Start With Trust
Most people want powerful long-term relationships at work and at home. Turns out creating trust first unlocks solid relationships.
Sapphire confirms RX 9070 XT NITRO+ Phantom Link specs and price
NITRO+ RX 9070 GPU with hidden power connector launches in China starting from $828 Sapphire has launched the NITRO+ RX 9070 XT PhantomLink, a new variant
Stardew Valley Nintendo Switch 2 Edition Out Now With Mouse Controls, Local Split-Screen, And More
With Game Share, you only need one copy to play with friends.
Eating more vitamin C can physically change your skin
Vitamin C doesn’t just belong in skincare products—it works even better when you eat it. Scientists discovered that vitamin C from food travels through the bloodstream into every layer of the skin, boosting collagen and skin renewal. People who ate two vitamin C–packed kiwifruit daily showed thicker, healthier skin. The findings suggest glowing skin really does start from within.
12 executives, researchers, others who left OpenAI in 2025 — mostly to Meta Superintelligence Lab
Meta poached at least seven OpenAI researchers over summer. Here are some big names who left the startup in 2025.
Contributor: The 5 key plotlines in the politics of 2025
This was not a year of triumph, but of transition. A year when Trump’s dominance began to fade and successors started circling.
Contributor: The 5 key plotlines in the politics of 2025
This was not a year of triumph, but of transition. A year when Trump's dominance began to fade and successors started circling.
Eastern Shore Family YMCA expands girls-only sports programming
It started with a simple question from a 9-year-old basketball player. “Coach Liz, can I have another girl on my team?” That moment, recalled by Liz Klenke, sports director with the YMCA of South Hampton Roads, highlighted a reality many girls face as they grow older in sports: fewer female teammates, fewer opportunities, and fewer spaces where they feel they ... Read More
Read the pitch deck Scribe used to raise $75 million to fix how companies adopt AI
Workflow software startup Scribe has raised $75 million and achieved unicorn status, as it aims to reimagine AI integration for businesses.
The rise of the AI wingman
Daters are using AI to slide into the DMs and craft Hinge profiles. A crop of startups and dating apps are fighting for these AI-powered daters.
Snoop Dogg Headlines Netflix’s NFL Christmas Entertainment Spot With Huntr/x, Andrea Bocelli & More: Watch
Netflix’s NFL Christmas Gameday Live featured an all-star lineup for 'Snoop’s Holiday Halftime Party.'
School, first responder uniform store closes after 62 years
Rush Uniform was started in 1963 by Edward Rush Sr., who sold clergy apparel to local churches from the trunk of his car.
Samsung might start using Chinese OLED displays in its flagship phones
BOE already supplies display panels to Apple, it might as well take on Samsung as a customer too.
I started jewelry brand after high school instead of going to college
Kiana Mei, 20, runs a jewelry brand and opted out of college. It's tiring, isolating work, but she says she doesn't regret it.
‘Wicked: For Good’ is coming to Prime Video on December 30—here’s how to watch it
Watch the sequel to ‘Wicked,’ starring Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande, on Prime Video.
'Just a random thought': Local business owner starts modern-day cash scavenger hunt
The prize for the lucky winners is not just the thrill of the chase but also a pocket full of cash.
Week 17 Injury Update: Cowboys TE Jake Ferguson
The Cowboys' starting TE injury flared up on him again.
I cofounded my AI startup while on paternity leave. Here's how I balance work and being a dad.
Aaron Cannon thought up his startup, Outset, while on paternity leave. As his kid has grown up, so has the company.
Family business shares tradition of holiday tamales
Nietos Mexican Cuisine is a mother-daughter business that started from humble beginnings. We caught up with the duo to talk about the tradition of holiday tamales.
The best distraction blockers to jumpstart your focus in the new year
Whether you need to limit social media scrolling or block off time to be productive, there are different tools that can help you stay on task
Stardew Valley – Nintendo Switch 2 Edition now available
Stardew Valley – Nintendo Switch 2 Edition is now available via Nintendo eShop for $14.99. Users who own the Switch version can upgrade to the Nintendo Switch 2 Edition via a free “Upgr…
Stardew Valley - Nintendo Switch 2 Edition has just released
Just before the end of the new year, Stardew Valley – Nintendo Switch 2 Edition has released. You can grab it digitally right now. Stardew Valley – Nintendo Switch 2 Edition is largely the same game as the original, but with some extras. It features mouse controls, four-player split-screen, and GameShare support. On the original Nintendo Switch, splitscreen was limited...
Houston hailed as one of America's 10 best cities for startups
Houston's favorable economic climate is enticing entrepreneurs.
I Just Realized Why I Recognize 'Stranger Things' Actor Jamie Campbell Bower and My Stan Heart Is Quaking
If you think 'Stranger Things' star Jamie Campbell Bower, aka Vecna, looks familiar, I found *the* movie you might know him from. Spoiler alert: It has something to do with vampires.
What TV channel is Vikings-Lions? How to watch Christmas game, start time, live stream
The Vikings host the Lions in a Christmas matchup in Week 17. Here's how to watch, start time and more.
Have yourself a merry Wilmington Christmas, and a fun ILM weekend
Merry Christmas and happy holidays to everyone who reads and supports this newsletter and our arts and culture coverage.
Just got a PS5? Here's 7 settings to change first
Adjust these essential PS5 settings before you start playing
A Christmas tree 80 light-years wide appears in space
This Christmas, astronomers are highlighting a spectacular region of space that looks remarkably like a glowing holiday tree. Known as NGC 2264, this distant star-forming region sits about 2,700 light-years away and is filled with newborn stars lighting up clouds of gas and dust. The stars form a triangular shape called the Christmas Tree cluster, crowned by the dramatic Cone Nebula and wrapped in the swirling Fox Fur Nebula below. Together, these features create a festive cosmic scene spanning nearly 80 light-years, showing how young stars shape their surroundings on a truly galactic scale.
I moved to the US from India. Here's how I landed a job at Microsoft after first misunderstanding the Big Tech hiring process.
Rishab Jolly moved to the US to get his MBA after starting his engineering career in India. He was hired at Microsoft in 2017 as a product manager.
The SpaceX Mafia is here
SpaceX mafia startups are raising billions in venture capital, with ex-employees launching companies across aerospace, AI, and health.
Backed by Swifties and social media, an NC business has put its town on the map
Sparta Candle Co. started with a daughter’s loving gesture. A million followers on social media later, doing good is still the heart of the mission.
From paperboy to vacuum salesman, the unglamorous early jobs of 15 CEOs
Though some of the most prominent CEOs are now worth billions, many started their careers far from the C-suite.
Amazon’s After-Christmas Sale Is Stocked With Outdoor Gear Deals Up to 70% Off—Shop Cotopaxi, Osprey, and More
Amazon's after-Christmas sale is filled with incredible deals on hiking and camping gear from Osprey, Cotopaxi, The North Face, and more top brands up to 70 percent off. Upgrade your outdoor gear with high-quality tents, camping chairs, hiking boots, and more—starting at just $4.
New album releases from artists with East Tennessee ties
We start with the Sedonas. If there were ever any doubt that the band ranks among East Tennessee’s most potent and proficient acts, those questions are erased by its new
'Heathers' actress looks back at the notorious album cover she did at age 14
'Heather's star Lisanne Falk opens up about appearing on the controversial album cover of Foreigner's 'Head Games' when she was 14: 'I was not super savvy.'
Nintendo bringing back various icons for 2025 releases
Nintendo has announced a new promotion for Switch Online in which it’s bringing back a series of icons that were released throughout the year. Eight games will be featured in total. Super Mario Galaxy + Super Mario Galaxy 2, F-Zero 99, Kirby and the Forgotten Land + Star-Crossed World, Xenoblade Chronicles X, Mario Kart World, Donkey Kong Bananza, and Kirby...
In a new deal, Nvidia hires Groq's top engineering talent, including its founder, who built AI chips at Google
A new type of dealmaking is on the rise in Silicon Valley as Nvidia reaches a non-exclusive deal with a chip startup and hires its top engineers.
Scientists found a way to restore brain blood flow in dementia
A new study suggests that dementia may be driven in part by faulty blood flow in the brain. Researchers found that losing a key lipid causes blood vessels to become overactive, disrupting circulation and starving brain tissue. When the missing molecule was restored, normal blood flow returned. This discovery opens the door to new treatments aimed at fixing vascular problems in dementia.
Local sports teams triumphed in 2025 - The Chestnut Hill Local
So they aren’t from Northwest Philly -- surely just a technicality -- but we would be remiss in not starting this annual review without noting that the Eagles won Super Bowl LIX in February.
California vs. Hawaii prediction, odds, spread, start time: 2025 Hawaii Bowl picks from proven model
SportsLine's model reveals its Hawaii vs. Cal best bets for the Hawaii Bowl 2025 on Christmas Eve
Resident shares concerns over possible entertainment district for downtown Oxford
OXFORD — There was a light agenda for the Oxford City Council meeting Tuesday night.
Nvidia Buying AI Chip Startup Groq For $20 Billion: CNBC
This would be the Dow tech giant's largest-ever acquisition.
High school girls hockey All-Star game highlights growth of the sport on Long Island
"It's such a great thing for women's hockey," Zoe Varkaris said. "It's taken a while to get this far."
A Woolly Mouse Is Stealing Christmas Thanks To Science
Colossal Biosciences blends holiday cheer and genetic breakthroughs in a cozy new video starring a woolly mouse.
‘I feel great’ - Kenneth Walker talks to Field Gulls about his health, Seahawks’ season, and more
The Seahawks’ star running back isn’t taking anything for granted, and he’s doing what he can to stay 100% for the team.
Stars will be out in force when Lakers, Rockets meet
Stars will be out in force when Lakers, Rockets meet
VA in 2026 looks to get EHR rollout back on track, embark on health care reorganization
VA is planning for its new EHR from Oracle-Cerner to go live at 13 sites in 2026 — starting with four sites in Michigan in April 2026.
Free rural business accelerator launches in Central Valley 2026
Fresno Pacific University’s Center for Community Transformation (CCT) is launching a new program aimed at spurring growth for rural entrepreneurs and small business owners starting in 2026.
All Animals, Plants, And Fungi On Earth Can Be Traced Back To A Common Ancestor: The "Asgardians"
From humans and dinosaurs to starfish and seagrass, we are all Asgardian.
Week 17 NFL QB Power Rankings: Purdy back in top 10, Christmas QBs underwhelming
Evaluating the NFL's 32 starting signal-callers entering the penultimate week of the 2025 season.
Is there a Christmas truce in the Starmer farmer ding-dong?
There’s an ‘early present’ for farmers but tensions between Labour and rural communities remain
Craft Brewing Business is closing up for the holidays — thank you for another great year
As the year winds down, Craft Brewing Business is taking a break for the holidays. Before we do, we want to pause and say thank you. This year reminded us why we started this site in the first place — to cover the independent brewing industry honestly, thoughtfully and without hype. It has been anotherRead More
'Weird Science' star makes rare appearance since leaving Hollywood after Steven Seagal divorce
'Weird Science' star Kelly LeBrock made a rare public appearance at 'Real Housewives' alum Lisa Vanderpump's Vanderpump Dog Gala, years after she quit Hollywood following her divorce from Steven Seagal.
“Weird Science” star Kelly LeBrock makes rare appearance since leaving Hollywood after Steven Seagal divorce
LeBrock, who gave up Hollywood for a quiet ranch in Santa Ynez, Calif., turned up for a charity event thrown by "Real Housewives" star Lisa Vanderpump.
‘Grinch’ Star Taylor Momsen Sports Original Costume 25 Years Later
Taylor Momsen, who played a young Cindy Lou Who in the 2000 film “The Grinch,” is getting into the Christmas spirit (literally) by sporting her original costume 25 years later. “It still… kind of… fits,” she wrote.
Woman Suffers AI Psychosis After Obsessively Generating AI Images of Herself
A woman working for a generative AI image startup says the tech led her into a manic bipolar episode, which triggered psychosis.
The Year in Entertainment 2025: The TV that was top
The small screen took us everywhere from the shores of Cousins Beach to the emergency room at the Pittsburgh Trauma Medical Center this year. Here's a look at the shows and limited series that defined 2025:It was the medical procedural drama The Pitt that scored the top prize at the Emmys this year. Led by Noah Wyle, who won the best actor in a drama Emmy for his portrayal of Dr. Robby in the new series, The Pitt's first season followed the challenges faced by health care workers on the front lines over the course of a single, 15-hour shift at the hospital. Other big winners at the ceremony included Seth Rogen's new comedy series The Studio, as well as the Netflix limited series Adolescence.Many prestige shows captured the cultural zeitgeist in 2025. Fans traveled to Thailand to check in for season 3 of The White Lotus, while the mystery at Lumon Industries continued to unfold as Severance season 2 rolled out. The Last of Us viewers mourned a fan-favorite character during its sophomore season, while Star Wars fans returned to a galaxy far, far away to bid farewell to Andor as it debuted its second and final season.Nobody could stop talking about The Summer I Turned Pretty. Whether you were team Conrad or team Jeremiah, fans couldn't keep their eyes off the dramatic third season of the teen romance series, which spanned from the U.S.'s East Coast all the way to Paris. While the series ended with Belly finally picking which brother she wanted to be with, the story isn't quite over. A feature film that will end the romantic saga has been greenlit by Prime Video.Finally, the year ended with the release of the fifth and final season of Stranger Things. It turned Netflix's streaming records upside down, accumulating 59.6 million views in its first five days and becoming the best-ever premiere week viewing numbers for an English-language series on the streaming platform.Copyright © 2025, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.
Get Ready to Start Hearing About Aileen Cannon Again
The Florida-based judge is likely to once again play a central role in politics in the new year.
The best moments of the sports year (in GIFs), plus a landmark NIL lawsuit
The Pulse Newsletter 📣 | This is The Athletic’s daily sports newsletter. Sign up here to receive The Pulse directly in your inbox. Good morning! We are in full holiday mode today. Inside: 🎁 GIF gifts, Part 1 ⚖️ Huge NIL lawsuit 🫘 Beans ⛳ Hickory clubs are delightful We’ve done a form of Gifmas the last two years in Pulse territory, so I decided to ask all of our newsletter writers to join the fun this year. The prompt was simple: What is the best gif gift your sport has given you in 2025? We’re starting today because some people open the majority of gifts on...
ICE crackdown chills sales at immigrant-owned businesses
Owners believe many customers are avoiding the businesses for fear of drawing unwanted scrutiny.
After decades in St. Paul, trailblazing lawmakers reflect on what’s changed for women in politics
Sens. Sandy Pappas and Ann Rest watched as women went from being relegated to the sidelines to leading caucuses and top committees at the Capitol.
Gemini will let you keep working in other apps as it processes your request
You should soon be able to resume using an app after activating Gemini, without having to start over with Gemini from scratch.
Business Insider wants your nominations for its Rising Stars of Longevity 2026
Submit your nominations for Business Insider's 2026 Rising Stars of Longevity, spotlighting those doing impactful work in the aging space.
Cracker jokes and custard chemistry: ways to smuggle science into Christmas
Researchers share the easy ways to uncover moments of festive discovery, proving you don’t need a lab coat to experiment this Christmas
Richmond startup Ohm Health launches first product: a humming, glowing "breathing lamp"
The company, founded by Temperpack cofounder James McGoff, recently began taking pre-orders for its “breathing lamp,” which allows customers to practice breathing in rhythm with the hum and glow of the light.
Broncos-Chiefs Fantasy Football Week 17 Start ‘Em, Sit ‘Em
The Broncos and Chiefs meet on Christmas Day - find out which players we plan to start or sit ahead of a pivotal NFL Week 17.
Vikings claim former Colts backup QB off waivers
According to NFL Network’s Tom Pelissero, the Minnesota Vikings have claimed recently waived Indianapolis Colts backup quarterback Brett Rypien off waivers, with starter J.J. McCarthy (hand) already out this week: Before this past Monday’s primetime game, the Colts waived Rypien, who had previously been signed to the active roster a week prior to serve as […]
Milwaukee food business owner starting over after fire ruins kitchen
Lupe Moreno, a small business owner, hopes for community support after a fire destroyed her kitchen, halting her operations and causing significant financial damage.
Business owners stress economic damage from power outage in San Francisco
Some local business owners are just starting to figure out just how much economic damage was done by the holiday weekend outage in San Francisco.
Public Health Informatics Specialist
📊 DATA MEETS PUBLIC HEALTH! 📊Northern Nevada Public Health is seeking a PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS SPECIALIST to turn data into life-saving insights! 💡 $78,936/yr + excellent benefits & NV PERS retirement! 📍 Reno, NV | Perfect for you if you have: Bachelor’s in computer science/data sciences and 2+ years health informatics experience; OR an equivalent combination of training and experience ✅ Skills in SQL, R, Python, Power BI desired | Ready to start the new year using your tech skills to improve public health outcomes? This role combines cutting-edge data analysis with meaningful community impact! 🚀 You’ll analyze health data, support disease surveillance, and help shape public health decisions that protect our community! 🌟👉 Apply now: https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/washoecounty ⏰ Application Deadline: January 30! #HealthInformatics #HealthStatistics #DataScience #PublicHealth #WashoeCounty #TechJobs #RenoJobs
What is the goal now?
Let’s start with the low bar to clear: as long as our coach doesn’t assault a small child with a projectile, this season will be mostly ok. Of course, Xavier could always schedule a throwaway game so they could sternly pretend to have disciplined the coach. That kind of behavior is usually saved for guys […]
Scientists from UChicago, other institutions discover bizarre lemon-shaped planet orbiting neutron star
Martinis, seafood, and a plastic cup: See some of the zanier expenses at the center of JPMorgan's latest dispute with Charlie Javice
JPMorgan no longer wants to pay Charlie Javice's legal bills. Inside the latest dispute between the bank and the startup founder convicted of fraud.
Opry Entertainment Group Unveils Star-Studded New Year's Eve Celebrations at Nashville Venues
Opry Entertainment Group is ringing in 2026 with an unforgettable lineup of New Year’s Eve events across Nashville’s most iconic venues.
'Star Trek: Strange New Worlds' reveals casting for Sulu and Bones
'Star Trek: Strange New Worlds' has revealed the casting for two fan-favorites characters that will appear in season 5's finale episode.
27-year-old boosted his income from $50,000 to $432,000 at Amazon in 5 years—it allowed him to quit and start his own business
Nabeel Khan was methodical in building his career at Amazon, rising the ranks quickly from operations manager to project manager to product manager.
Mayor, council clash over Rochester’s plans for sports complex
The City Council’s decision to move forward with an outdoor sports complex has drawn the ire of DFL lawmakers.
Popstar! Best of 2025: The Fan-Voted Entertainment Rewind That Defined the Year
/PRNewswire/ -- From blockbuster premieres to viral moments, Popstar! Best of 2025 is a fan-voted celebration of the movies, shows, music, and cultural moments...
I'm 'Shark Tank' investor Kevin O'Leary. I wake up at 5 a.m. with no alarm and refuse to answer emails.
"Shark Tank" and "Marty Supreme" star Kevin O'Leary explains his daily routine, which includes eating protein, biking, taking naps, and avoiding email.
The disunity of science is a feature, not a bug
Mathematical models wield miraculous power, but mistaking them for reality has trapped science in a destructive quest for a “Theory of Everything.” Physicist and philosopher Ragner Fjelland argues that this leads to bloated, Frankenstein theories kept alive by clumsy, ad-hoc amendments, which reduce rather than boost science’s power. Fjelland calls for a radical shift in our attitude: we must reorientate towards creating entirely new theories, celebrating rather than lamenting disunity and diversity in science. Science, from the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century to the present day, has more or less developed in a “reductionist” way. The fundamental assumption is that all sciences may be ordered in a hierarchy that can be represented as an upside-down pyramid. At the top we find the human sciences, and at the bottom physics. Strong (or “ontological”) reductionism maintains that all theories at one level can be completely reduced to the lower level, all the way down to theories of atoms and elementary particles, or whatever is “at the bottom.” In the end, all diversity in the world can be unified in one fundamental theory. Hence it is called a final theory, or a Theory of Everything.One of the central figures in developing the idea of a Theory of Everything is the Dutch theoretical physicist Gerard 't Hooft, who received a Nobel Prize in physics in 1999 for his work. He emphasizes the non-empirical status of the theory:There exists no closely resembling alternative theory. This means that any slight change brought about in the rules would make the theory unlikely or inelegant. The theory will be a "package deal": take it, or leave it. This should hold both for the local laws and for the boundary conditions.This endeavor is not new. On the contrary, it goes all the way back to the birth of Western philosophy 2,500 years ago. The Babylonians made regular astronomical observations during a period of 600 years, from 747 BCE until 150 ACE. They developed mathematical techniques to predict astronomical phenomena, but they made no attempts at explaining them. However, the Greeks developed models, both material and theoretical, to explain the observed phenomena.The best example is Plato’s late dialogue Timaeus. Here he introduces a divine craftsman, the Demiurge, who has constructed the universe according to an original plan. Plato seems to have thought that the original plan is what is actually real, while the material world is merely an imperfect realization of it. He therefore does not, in the Timaeus, reconstruct the material universe, but the original plan, which can then be used to explain the material universe.Plato’s aim in producing a theoretical model is to reconstruct the original plan. That is what he carries out in Timaeus—and some modern physicists have embarked on the same project. For example, Einstein’s basic attitude is reflected in the title of Abraham Pais’ biography: “Subtle is the Lord...,” echoing Einstein’s comment, “Subtle is the Lord, but malicious He is not.” In an interview Einstein compared our situation to a child who enters a huge library. The child knows that someone has written the books, but he does not know the languages in which they are written. He suspects that there is a mysterious order, but he does not know what it is.___“We have all been working in what Husserl called the Galilean style; that is, we have all been making abstract mathematical models of the universe to which at least the physicists give a higher degree of reality than they accord the ordinary world of sensation.”Steven Weinberg, Nobel Prize in Physics (1979)___This Platonist view is contrary to a widespread impression of science, symbolized by the picture of the “father” of modern science, Galileo Galilei, with his telescope. According to this impression, Galileo liberated himself from the dominating metaphysics of his day—basically Aristotelian philosophy—and constructed a telescope that he directed towards the sky, showing that Jupiter has four moons. He also performed experiments with bronze balls rolling down inclined planes and found the law of freely falling bodies.However, in other cases Galileo emphasized the unreliability of our senses. It is easy to see why. He defended Copernicus’ heliocentric hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, we are not at rest at the center of the universe, but moving at a tremendous speed through space. Why don’t we observe this motion? Galileo praises Copernicus because “with reason as his guide he resolutely continued to affirm what sensible experience seemed to contradict.” In other places he directly refers to Plato. SUGGESTED VIEWING The quest for a final theory With Michio Kaku Galileo’s Platonism goes back to his early writings. In The Assayer, published as early as 1623, Galileo compared the universe to a grand book that is written in the language of mathematics, and “its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it.” Therefore, things that cannot be described by mathematics—for example, colors, smells and odors—are not real. They are merely subjective.This division into subjective and objective, advocated by Galileo and his younger contemporary René Descartes, is normally associated with a mechanistic world view, which is regarded as the opposite of Platonism. When we reduce something to, for example, molecules and atoms, we move “downwards.” In contrast, the Platonist moves “upwards,” to abstract entities. However, it only shows that when we address fundamental questions, we should be careful in applying everyday spatial metaphors like “up” and “down.”___Nature is complex, and we cannot in general construct mathematical models that adequately describe the world.___The endeavor of finding a Theory of Everything has been heavily criticized. In 2006, the theoretical physicist Lee Smolin published “The Crisis in Fundamental Physics.” He argued that one of the most fundamental principles of science is that we should only regard theories as scientific if we have the possibility to show that they are false by experiments. Although he did not refer to Karl Popper, other critics have referred to Popper and argued that a theory is not scientific if it cannot be falsified (see for example Ellis & Silk 2014).These were not the first physicists to be anti-reductionists. In 1972, the journal Science published an article by the physicist Philip Anderson with the title “More Is Different.” This is the kind of article a scientist would normally write only after he has won a Nobel Prize. However, Anderson won the Nobel Prize for physics five years later, in 1977. The article is amazing, not primarily because it argues in favor of anti-reductionism in general, but because it argues for anti-reductionism within physics itself. Anderson’s conclusion was:At each stage entirely new laws, concepts, and generalizations are necessary, requiring inspiration and creativity to just as great a degree as in the previous one. Psychology is not applied biology, nor is biology applied chemistry.We may say that Plato started the “unity of science movement,” based on Euclidean geometry as the model of all knowledge. A distinguishing mark of geometry is that all possible constructions can be reduced to a few fundamental principles. We have to acknowledge that this approach has limitations. In general, we can easily model technological systems. In addition, we may construct simplified and idealized models that capture important aspects of systems, from various perspectives and for various purposes. But nature is complex, and we cannot in general construct mathematical models that adequately describe the world. In a complex system, each level has its distinct, emergent, properties that are characteristic of this level. Therefore, a complex system should be investigated at different levels and from different perspectives. Instead of exclusively pursuing a scientific ideal based on the unity of science, we should acknowledge the diversity—or even the disunity—of science.