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Earth’s most powerful ocean current didn’t form the way we thought
A colossal ocean current encircling Antarctica—stronger than all the world’s rivers combined—played a far more complex role in shaping Earth’s climate than scientists once thought. New research shows it didn’t form just because ocean gateways opened, but required shifting continents and powerful winds to align. This shift helped pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, contributing to a major cooling event that transformed Earth into the ice-covered world we know today.
Power outage disrupts businesses and shoppers on Wards Road
A large power outage on Wards Road affected both drivers and shoppers on Monday.
NYC health department has questions about the floating pool set for the East River
The pool’s creators are adding an emergency chlorine dosing system as they await health department approvals.
Yoshihisa Kishimoto, Creator of Double Dragon and Renegade, Dies at 64
Yoshihisa Kishimoto, the creator of the Double Dragon and River City (Kuno-kun) franchises, has died at the age of 64.
St. Cloud Business Showcase Set for Tuesday at River’s Edge Convention Center
(KNSI) - The St. Cloud Area Chamber of Commerce is hosting its annual Business Showcase on Tuesday, April 7th....
Man dies from being struck in parking lot of East Hampton business
A man died from being struck by a driver at a business in East Hampton on Friday, police said.
As a business founder and as a man, I regret the decades I spent confined by masculinity
Making women more powerful in my farm business and closing the gender pay gap was not just the right thing to do – it has brought commercial benefits, says Riverford founder Guy Singh-Watson
Eileen Higgins, Juan Fernandez-Barquin to launch program helping Miami-Dade residents restore driver's licenses
The initiative aims to help those with suspended licenses get back on the road.
Dollhouse maker for Taylor Swift and 'The Gilded Age' finds new home in Fall River
Flip This Dollhouse founder Nathaniel Ellis built miniatures for Taylor Swift's Eras Tour and Hollywood. Now, he and his collection are settling into a new home of their own.
Tori Spelling and 4 of her kids hospitalized after car hit by driver who was allegedly speeding
Tori Spelling and four of her kids were hospitalized after her car was hit by a driver who was allegedly speeding and ran a red light.
Linux Sees Fixes For Its GD-ROM Driver In 2026 For Sega Dreamcast
Seeing new Linux patches for benefiting Sega Dreamcast devices wasn't on my bingo card for 2026
Patient experience remains top priority at Treasure Coast Community Health
Treasure Coast Community Health is expanding services with two new centers and consolidating operations in Indian River County.
Candace Parker, Elena Delle Donne and 1996 US Olympic women's basketball team set for Hall of Fame enshrinement
The 2026 Hall of Fame class also includes Amar’e Stoudemire, Mike D’Antoni, Joey Crawford, Doc Rivers and Mark Few.
AMD or Nvidia eGPUs can work on Apple Silicon Macs, but not for graphic acceleration
Apple has signed a driver for AMD or Nvidia eGPUs connected to Apple Silicon but there are some big caveats, and it won't improve your graphics. Here's what they're for.
Doc Rivers, Candace Parker, Elena Delle Donne, Amar'e Stoudemire, Mark Few among 9-member Basketball Hall of Fame Class of 2026
A massive arctic thaw is unleashing carbon frozen for thousands of years
A sweeping new study reveals that as Arctic permafrost thaws, it is dramatically reshaping rivers and releasing vast amounts of ancient carbon that had been locked away for thousands of years. By analyzing decades of high-resolution data across northern Alaska, scientists found that runoff is increasing, rivers are carrying more dissolved carbon, and the thawing season is stretching further into the fall. This carbon eventually reaches the ocean, where some of it turns into carbon dioxide, intensifying global warming.
BWC: N.Y. officers save person suffering mental health crisis from frigid river
Auburn Police Officers Edward Pickard and Lucas Drancsak spotted the person, climbed down a 10-foot wall and ran to shoreline; Pickard entered the water and helped the person to safety
Arts and entertainment throughout the region
A listing of arts and entertainment events throughout the region.
Rising energy costs squeeze Rochester-area businesses, forcing tough decisions
Owners point to a combination of rising expenses, including utilities, insurance, taxes and the cost of goods as key drivers behind the financial pressure.
Houston East End underpass floods again, drivers stranded and businesses impacted
A flood-prone underpass in Houston’s East End is once again causing problems for drivers and businesses, with neighbors saying even light rain can make the road impassable.
Danville to expand two-hour parking limits in River District; businesses raise concerns
Parking in Danville’s River District will soon come with a time limit as the city expands two-hour parking rules.
Brentwood student is a finalist for global $250K science competition
It’s not every day a high school student makes the finals in a global competition. But Brentwood's Adam Rakmanov has, and he’s up for a $250K scholarship pr
Blazers, Thorns, Business Chamber and Performance Groups Urge Council to Kill Ride-Hailing Proposal
The policy, intended to bolster ride-share driver wages, would cap how much a ride-share company could take for each ride.
Tribal gas stations see surge in business as fuel prices hover significantly below WA state average
Tribal gas stations in Washington are experiencing a significant surge in business as drivers seek lower prices amid rising fuel costs.
Gadsden breaks ground on latest phase of upgraded sports park
Phase 5 of the project will include improvements made along the riverfront.
Science center pitches new plan; Riverhead eyes condemnation
LI Science Center representatives outlined a new phased plan for 111 E. Main St., but several Riverhead Town Board members remain skeptical as the town weighs eminent domain.
Iterative Health, US Heart & Vascular Partner to Advance Community-Based Cardiovascular Research
April 2, 2026 — Iterative Health and US Heart & Vascular (USHV) have announced a strategic partnership to advance research through community-based innovation in cardiovascular care. "Clinical research is one of the most powerful ways we expand access, improve patient outcomes, and shape the future of cardiovascular care," said Robbie Allen, chief executive officer of US Heart & Vascular. "By partnering with Iterative Health, we are strengthening our ability to bring innovative therapies directly into the communities we serve. This collaboration ensures our physicians and patients have access to leading-edge trials while allowing US Heart & Vascular to remain focused on delivering exceptional, physician-led care." Under the agreement, USHV research sites will join Iterative Health’s global site network, which now spans over 100 sites across three continents. The companies share a commitment to advancing clinical research as a driver of care innovation, and this collaboration represents a major milestone for both organizations, strengthening USHV's leadership in community-based cardiovascular research and expanding Iterative Health's multispecialty focus beyond GI, hepatology, and obesity into cardiology. USHV clinical research sites will gain access to Iterative Health's centralized operational backbone, providing end-to-end support across clinical research operations, services, business development, technology innovation, and corporate functions. The strategic partnership reduces operational complexity and unlocks growth potential for USHV research sites while enabling all USHV physicians to expand access to cutting-edge therapies to the thousands of patients they serve annually. "Innovation in cardiovascular medicine shouldn't be limited to a few academic centers," said Thomas Waggoner, DO, MD, RPVI, FACC, FSCAI, FSVM, RPVI, Structural Cardiologist and Medical Director for Clinical Research at Pima Heart & Vascular, and USHV Physician Champion for Clinical Research. "By expanding community-based research across USHV, we're ensuring more patients have access to clinical trials and breakthrough therapies close to home, where trusted relationships with their physicians already exist." This alliance reinforces Iterative Health's standing as the definitive research partner across specialized therapeutic areas, now spanning GI, hepatology, obesity, and cardiovascular care. Trusted by many of the nation's leading provider organizations and biopharma sponsors, Iterative Health's global site network delivers industry-leading trial performance, accelerating life-changing therapies to market at scale. "Entering cardiology through our strategic partnership with US Heart & Vascular is a defining moment for Iterative Health and reflects the strength of our site-serving model," said Jonathan Ng, founder and CEO of Iterative Health. "Together, we are ensuring that thousands of patients have access to the newest available therapies, and that sponsors have a credible, high-performing partner to accelerate cardiovascular trial success." For more information, visit www.iterative.health and https://usheartandvascular.com/.
Health officials have new advice on what fish are safe to eat in Minnesota
The Minnesota Department of Health has a new warning for PFAS in the Vermillion River south of the Twin Cities, and a new method of determining whether fish in northeast Minnesota are low enough in mercury.
Morning Sports: April 2, 2026
Sheridan/Johnson County HS Spring Sports: Track and Field teams from Sheridan, Big Horn, Tongue River and Buffalo are going to try to beat the weather and compete in a quad meet today at Sheridan. Competition starts at 3pm. In Soccer, Sheridan will play a boys and girls double-header at Worland, while the Buffalo boys and […]
Blackstone River Theatre presents Alash – masters of Tuvan throat singing
CUMBERLAND – Blackstone River Theatre, 549 Broad St., will present a rare concert by Alash – masters of Tuvan throat singing, on Saturday, April 4, in a 3 p.m. matinée.
Puttin' on the glitz, and reveling in beauty
A gala at the NorthRiver Yacht Club offered many reminders of how power and wealth can enrich the lives of others.
Fall River's commercial economy 'strong,' mayor says. 4 things to know
Fall River's Mayor Coogan highlights the city's economic strength, job growth, and development in his 2026 State of Business speech.
F1 driver ratings: Find out where Sky Sports ranks Lewis Hamilton and Max Verstappen after opening stages of 2026 season
LACLxS Work in Progress Seminar | The River Will Cry Out: Jesuit Politics and Mapuche Diplomacy, or The Spiritual Conquest Across the Biobío River (1612-26)
Ignacio Veraguas, a student in the Spanish & Portuguese Program in the Johns Hopkins Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, will give a talk titled "The River Will Cry Out: Jesuit Politics and Mapuche Diplomacy, or The Spiritual Conquest Across the Biobío River (1612-26)" for the Program in Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies.
Patients face higher costs as White River Health goes out of network with UnitedHealthcare
Starting April 1, patients with UnitedHealthcare commercial and Medicare Advantage plans are out of network at White River Health.
Brian Ballard testifies he previously warned David Rivera's firm about disclosure concerns with Venezuela work
The prominent lobbyist testified against the ex-Congressman in a trial in South Florida.
How to avoid getting faked out by counterfeitcar parts
Any part of a vehicle can be counterfeited, possibly proving dangerous to drivers and occupants.
Historic Rock Island Bridge opens in Kansas City as new entertainment district over Kansas River.
After almost a decade of planning and work, the Rock Island Bridge opens to the public at 11 a.m. Wednesday, transforming a 1905 railroad bridge into an entertainment district over the Kansas River.
2026 Perspectives in Private Equity: Sports
Professional sports continue to emerge as an attractive asset class for private equity investors, as evolving ownership dynamics, attractive fundamentals and underlying growth drivers create opportunities. Sports investments offer sponsors an opportunity to diversify portfolios, reduce risk and deliver uncorrelated returns, while tapping into an industry experiencing strong growth driven by continued demand for content, league expansion and the adoption of new revenue models. Sports teams and leagues can also represent unique trophy assets for investors, often delivering intangible value beyond financial returns.
The art of small-town politics
When we arrived in River Forest, the village board was dominated by a village president who had reigned from 1993-2009. An interregnum of four years ensued, followed by the current board president, in place since 2013. Ours is a small town next to a large town. River Forest has about 12,000 residents. Our neighbor to […]
The Bull Case For PENN Entertainment (PENN) Could Change Following Aurora Casino Relocation And Expansion
PENN Entertainment has opened the new US$360 million land-based Hollywood Casino Aurora across from Chicago Premium Outlets, nearly doubling its local workforce to about 700 people and preparing to transfer operations from its older riverboat site pending final regulatory approvals and funding support from Gaming and Leisure Properties and the City of Aurora. This expansion deepens PENN’s presence in the competitive Chicagoland casino corridor while highlighting its asset-light funding model...
Tobin Entertainment Presenting: Riverdance April 19th at The Morris
Tobin Entertainment Presenting: Riverdance April 19th at The Morris
Oliver Bearman’s ‘scary’ crash punctuates concerns over new F1 regulations
Haas driver Oliver Bearman’s ‘scary’ crash at the Japanese Grand Prix has F1 drivers calling for change
Why The Porsche 930 Is Known As The Widowmaker
The Porsche 930 is known as the Widowmaker because drivers couldn't handle it when it first released, causing crashes and fatalities.
Fuel price surge hits Colorado small businesses hard
Rising oil and gas prices are driving up costs for many small Colorado businesses, not just for drivers at the pump.
Bearman Escapes Major Injury After 50-g Crash
Haas F1 driver walks away from high-speed impact at Japan GP as closing-speed concerns resurface under new rules.
Science, mapping and art collide at ArtReach
A river story unfolds at ArtReach St. Croix with the opening of two exhibitions, Deep Mapping and Valley Pottery: 2,000 Years. Both exhibitions show a deep love for the valley
Riverhounds unveil USL championship banner, top Sporting Club Jacksonville in home opener
AMO, the mascot for Riverhounds SC, has a new look. For one, the furry fellow has adopted black, Riverhounds-themed high-top sneakers. When AMO —...
These U.S. States Plan to Offer iPhone's Driver's License Feature
In select U.S. states, residents can add their driver's license or state ID to the Apple Wallet app on the iPhone and Apple Watch, and then use it to display proof of identity or age at select airports and businesses, and in select apps. The feature is currently available in 13 U.S. states and Puerto Rico, and it is expected to launch in at least seven more in the future. To set up the feature, open the Wallet app and tap on the plus sign in the top-right corner.
New Google tool allow users to scrub more personal data to keep safe from online thieves
Google is rolling out a new feature called "Results about you" to help users scrub more sensitive information such as social security and driver's license numbers from internet search results, on top...
MRN BUSINESS SPOTLIGHT: Sweet Apricot Shop
On this week’s Business Spotlight, brought to you by the Bank of Springfield, MRN’s Crissie Caccamo sits down with Kelli Langston of The Sweet Apricot on The Promenade. After taking over the boutique three years ago, Kelli is continuing a business that’s been a local favorite since 2011. She shares her passion for fashion, what...
Canadian business stalls over US trade deal jitters
STORY: The Canadian manufacturing hub of Windsor is home to thousands of small and specialized part makers and caters primarily to car companies and equipment manufacturers. The city thrives on close integration with Detroit, America's automotive capital, just across the river.That means it's also on the frontline of tariff and trade uncertainty with Canada's largest trading partner. JACKIE RAYMOND: "Even if we don't directly work with the automotive industry, we indirectly do."Jackie Raymond is co-owner of FASTSIGNS, a Canadian company that designs and installs custom business signs and graphics.The company is coming off its toughest year since the pandemic. Orders from its core automotive clients dried up.And while a new project brought some relief, the company says customers are placing smaller orders, demanding longer payment terms, and bargaining harder on prices.:: FileIt all points to uncertainty tied to the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which is up for review this year. It's a deal U.S. President Donald Trump has repeatedly said he could scrap.:: Washington, D.C. / December 2, 2025TRUMP: "...and we'll either let it expire or we'll maybe work out another deal with Mexico and Canada...":: FileThe agreement - known as CUSMA north of the border - exempts most Canadian goods from U.S. levies.While Mexico has started formal negotiations with the U.S. over the deal's renewal, Canada has so far only held informal talks.RAYMOND: "I think the CUSMA is very, very important because it trickles down to every little business right down to your barber shop and your nail shop, which will affect all of our customers."The situation in Windsor reflects a broader unease facing Canada's economy, which contracted 0.6% in the fourth quarter. About 90% of the city's exports cross the border, often multiple times during production.Manufacturing accounts for nearly a quarter of employment in the Windsor-Essex region.Its chamber of commerce, which represents about 750 businesses, says companies paused investments, delayed production, and cut jobs at the height of the tariff uncertainty last year. :: FileWindsor partly regained its footing as Trump exempted USMCA-compliant exports from Canada from tariffs in March last year.But uncertainty still drags on business confidence and Windsor's unemployment level remains one of the highest among major cities in Canada.Local shops complain of lower traffic and restaurants report thinner crowds.And builders say the housing market – often among the first sectors to show strain from the knock-on effects of tariff uncertainties – is near a standstill.Brent Klundert of BK Cornerstone, a local real estate builder, said he laid off 13 of his 21 staff as sales and prices slumped last year. "And you know, when people are going to make the biggest investment of their life, they really want confidence in their job, in the longevity of their job in the economy itself. And people lost that due to the tariffs.” // “If we can get through CUSMA, if we can get through our trade agreements with the US, I think that that will add a lot of confidence into the marketplace that we've been lacking.”Since January Klundert has rehired 10 of his employees, hoping homebuyers would start coming back.So far, only a few have.
Lewis Hamilton fears Ferrari regression in F1 pecking order
The Ferrari driver reckons McLaren is a huge threat to the Italian outfit and believes Mercedes is too far ahead at the front
Arts and entertainment throughout the region
A listing of arts and entertainment events throughout the region.
Arts and entertainment throughout the region
A listing of arts and entertainment events throughout the region.
Mom, 36, Had Health Symptoms Dismissed for Years. Then, She Was Diagnosed with One of the World’s Rarest Cancers (Exclusive)
A woman was diagnosed with one of the world’s rarest cancers, neuroendocrine cancer, after her health issues were dismissed over the years by multiple different types of doctors. Ashleigh Smith, a mom of two, worked a second job as a food delivery driver to help raise funds amid rising costs tied to her cancer treatments, she tells PEOPLE exclusively.
Riverhead may revive condemnation of L.I. Science Center building
Riverhead officials say time may be up for the long-delayed science center project, signaling readiness to revive condemnation of the Main Street building.
Robert Trivers, Eccentric Scientist Who Probed Human Nature, Dies at 83
A visionary evolutionary biologist, he drew comparisons to Charles Darwin with his theories on the genetic roots of seemingly detrimental behaviors like self-deception.
Southcoast Health launches in-house police department
NBC 10 WJAR is the news, sports and weather leader for Providence, Rhode Island and surrounding communities, including Cranston, Pawtucket, Woonsocket, Warwick, Newport, Bristol and Narragansett, Rhode Island and Attleboro, North Attleborough, Swansea, Fall River, Taunton and New Bedford, Massachusetts.
California and a voting rights group filed legal challenges to stop GOP sheriff's ballot seizure
The California attorney general and a voting right groups have launched two legal challenges to halt a ballot seizure by a Republican sheriff in Riverside County
Riverhead may seize L.I. Science Center property amid delays
The Riverhead Town Board said if the Long Island Science Center doesn't fulfill its expansion plans, they may proceed with eminent domain.
Long Island Science Center faces renewed eminent domain threat from Riverhead
Town board members, exasperated at the lack of progress on renovations to the science center's Main Street facility, said they would give its leaders one more chance to make their pitch.
Social workers accompanying Hemet police officers for mental health calls
Hemet police partnered with the Riverside University Health Systems to have licensed social workers and detectives respond to mental health calls.
Reminder: Turn in Kootenai River Angler Science Program packets by April 1 for a chance to win prizes | Idaho Fish and Game
Burbot season is winding down, and now is the time to turn in your completed Angler Science Program packet. Packets must be submitted by April 1 to be eligible for raffle prizes.
Doc Rivers responds to NBPA's critical statement of Bucks sitting Giannis Antetokounmpo: 'He's just not healthy'
Doc Rivers responds to NBPA's critical statement of Bucks sitting Giannis Antetokounmpo: 'He's just not healthy'
Health influencers talk social media and mental health
In this week's STATus Report, influential health communicators Jessica Knurick, Morgan “Dr. Noc” McSweeney, and Jessica Malaty Rivera chat about the mental health impacts of social media.
New Ford Mustang EcoBoost TLD Signature Edition Has Amazing Retro Graphics, And Only 550 Will Be Made
The graphics were created by Troy Lee Designs, who has been painting helmets for race car drivers for decades.
Health and Wellness Expo kicks off Charleston’s Cooper River Bridge Run weekend
The countdown is on for one of Charleston’s largest annual traditions as the Cooper River Bridge Run returns this Saturday, bringing tens of thousands of runners, as well as the crowds that follow, to the Lowcountry.
Questions on Trinity Health's move to Brighton? Townhall on March 31
Trinity Health Livingston is moving all operations from its legacy campus at 620 Byron Road to a new hospital at 7555 Grand River Ave.
The Riverside-St. Martin's baseball winner was led by a senior pitcher's complete game
Riverside senior right-handed pitcher Jayce Ruiz repeated his prior success against St. Martin’s by throwing a complete game in the second game of a district series.
Bucks head coach Doc Rivers, NBA commissioner Adam Silver address Giannis' health, tanking
Milwaukee Bucks head coach Doc Rivers provided a health update on Giannis Antetokounmpo, and whether the team is tanking or not on March 25, 2026.
Contract dispute could push White River Medical Center out-of-network with UnitedHealthcare
The city of Batesville is facing a looming healthcare crisis.A contract dispute between the White River Medical Center and the private insurance giant UnitedHe
Augmenting citizen science with computer vision for fish monitoring
Monitoring river herring migration is essential for conservation and fisheries management. Researchers have now demonstrated a method using video and computer vision to supplement traditional methods and volunteer-based programs.
Sky River's Five-Story Parking Garage Opens, Advancing Entertainment and Tribal Development in Elk Grove
Sky River Casino has now opened its new five‑story parking structure, an investment that strengthens Wilton Rancheria’s long‑term economic development strategy that is firmly rooted in the Tribe’s resilience and vision for future generations. Featuring 1,600 parking stalls across 681,263 square feet, the structure seamlessly connects with the recently expanded 20,000‑square‑foot gaming floor through an […]
Driver crashes into Garner business
The Renew Day Spa is temporarily closed after a vehicle crashed into the business on Aversboro Road on Tuesday.
Apache Junction dog groomer’s mobile business destroyed in hit-and-run crash
Surveillance video shows a pickup truck crashing into Purple Pup Salon early Sunday morning, pushing the trailer back and causing extensive damage before the driver took off.
‘School Spirits’ Renewed for Season 4: Everything We Know so Far
We're headed back to Split River.
Entertainment lineup announced for Red River Valley Fair
WEST FARGO (KFGO) - The Red River Valley Fair just announced the 2026 grandstand entertainment lineup, bringin...
Paranovus Entertainment Technology (PAVS) surges 125.9% as low-float dynamics amplify trading volatility
Paranovus Entertainment Technology Ltd. (PAVS) is up 125.9% today. Here is some analysis on what might have caused this price movement.Analysis: The most likely driver looks technical rather than fundamental: PAVS has been prone to sharp, liquidity-driven swings after its recent reverse split reduced share count and tightened the tradable float. This could also be because traders are positioning around potential changes in the company’s at-the-ma
Ford recalls more than 254,000 SUVs due to software issues
Ford is recalling more than 254,000 SUVs in the U.S. after a software defect was found to impact rearview cameras and key driver-assistance safety systems.
What's that new business coming to Lee Trevino Drive in East El Paso?
There's a new business going up on Lee Trevino Drive in East El Paso that will give drivers new options for keeping their cars clean.
Stony Brook Southampton Educators Earn Suffolk County Recognition for Science, Sustainability and Service
Suffolk County Legislator Ann E. Welker recognized educators from Stony Brook Southampton during the March 10 general meeting of the Suffolk County Legislature and the Women of Distinction luncheon, both held in Riverhead, NY. Wendy Pearson, vice president for strategic initiatives at Stony Brook University and executive director for Stony Brook Southampton, received a 2026 Woman
He was Rubio’s friend and roommate. Now Rubio will testify against him.
Former congressman David Rivera, accused of secretly lobbying for Nicolás Maduro’s government in Venezuela, climbed Miami politics alongside Marco Rubio.
No fuel shortage in Britain, says minister, as Reeves prepares to set out economic response to Iran war
Energy minister Michael Shanks reassures drivers ahead of chancellor’s statement to MPs
Support pours in for 76-year-old DoorDash driver forced out of retirement over health care costs
The Vietnam veteran delivers food every night of the week, except Wednesday when he attends church.
Mr. Tire employee arrested for twice setting fires at the business: Solon Police Blotter
Also in this week's blotter, the driver of a Jeep SUV would not stop for Solon police, who were attempting to cite him for an expired license plate.
Ecological and demographic drivers of Oropouche virus transmission
Nature Health - Nationwide analysis of 30,086 confirmed Oropouche virus cases in Brazil between 2014 and 2025 shows that rural municipalities had over 11-fold-higher incidence than urban areas and...
Fall River's Day of Portugal announces dates, entertainment lineup for 2026
A festival that brings food, faith, and entertainment to the city will be returning once again. Day of Portugal Fall River, which takes place every year at the Gates of the City down near the waterfront on Ponta Delgada Blvd., is back in 2026. One of the more popular events in Fall River which
Bachelorette suitor from canceled season drove car in Madison Cawthorn crash
A 'Bachelorette' suitor from Taylor Frankie Paul's now-scrapped season was the driver in the 2014 car crash that paralyzed former Republican congressman Madison Cawthorn.
SWOT Mission Unlocks a New View of Our Waterways
Explore how rivers move, change, and sustain life across the planet with SWOT data.
Rock Island Bridge announces grand opening after years of planning
A long-awaited entertainment district above the Kansas River has set an opening date.
2nd Car Show Scheduled at Sangertown Square
Racing fans and families can check out high-performance cars and meet local drivers at the Mall Car Show at Sangertown Square.
In California, a Republican Sheriff Seizes Ballots, Prompting Concerns
Riverside County Sheriff Chad Bianco, a candidate for governor, recently took possession of more than 650,000 ballots as part of a fraud probe. Election officials say his investigation is baseless.
River Cats top Giants in exhibition at Sutter Health Park as fans welcome baseball’s return
"Finally, the drought is over between football and the start of baseball."
Bucks, Clippers still hoping to make playoff runs
The Los Angeles Clippers will welcome an old friend back into town Monday when former head coach Doc Rivers and his current team, the Milwaukee Bucks, make a visit to Inglewood, Calif.
Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. 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The '80s Car Feature That Would Fit Perfectly In The AI Hellscape Of Today
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