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Provident Entertainment Announces Internal Promotions

Provident Entertainment Announces Internal Promotions

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Jun 3 • 11:29 AM EDT • Entertainment • gospelmusic.org
Trump’s tariff threats spark political storm in Brazil

President Lula lashes out at lead election rival Flávio Bolsonaro over US lobbying effort

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Jun 3 • 11:13 AM EDT • Politics • ft.com
A rare Trump setback, a missing congressman and Spencer Pratt: 6 takeaways from the latest midterm primaries

The contours of a premier Senate race took shape in Iowa, while President Donald Trump’s endorsement streak ran into a roadblock there.

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Jun 3 • 10:59 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Trump Suggests Vance and Rubio Should Run Together in 2028 Election

President Trump said Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio should split a ticket, without mentioning who should be at the top.

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Jun 3 • 10:53 AM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
May's top PlayStation games by copies sold

Yesterday’s State of Play gave us an idea of where PlayStation’s heading next. But we’ve had our May estimates for a couple of days now (we always update our data daily for clients), so it’s time to look at what performed best on PlayStation last month. We’ve got a new IP at the top, two evergreens doing their evergreen thing, FC26 smashing it ahead of the World Cup Plus pivot, and a quiet but promising result for Lego Batman. Let’s have a look at the state of Play…Station’s top games for May. 007 takes #001 007 First Light sold 1M copies on PS5 in May, easily making it the month’s top PS5 game by copies sold. Over 80% of those May copies were digital, which is broadly in line with where PlayStation’s digital share has settled for new releases this year. To date, 007 First Light has sold through 2.2M copies across platforms (so no unsold retail copies in that figure). The platform split is 55.1% PS5, 33.1% Steam, and 11.8% Xbox (console, Windows, and cloud combined). In gross revenue terms, 007 First Light has generated $150M. Owing to regional pricing and audience composition differences, the consoles make up a higher share of revenue than they do copies. Of the $150M, 60.5% came via PlayStation, 27.6% via Steam, and 12.9% via Xbox. Part of this is because over two-thirds of 007 First Light‘s PlayStation audience is in North America (43.4%) or Western Europe (23.2%), where local currency means the game generates more revenue per player. On Steam, under half of First Light‘s audience is from those same regions (31.8% North America, 15.1% Western Europe). As we covered in last week’s 007 Steam piece, the Steam version is pulling in higher-than-expected numbers in China, which now accounts for 17.3% of First Light‘s Steam audience. 007 is the equivalent of $44 USD in China, which is roughly 37% cheaper than the US price and about 44% cheaper than Western Europe. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week 🫶 Subscribe The crossover data backs up what we’ve seen all year about launch-window cohorts. 11% of PS5 players who played 007 First Light in May also played Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight, which launched just a few days before. Last month was a great month for Denmark! IO Interactive is Copenhagen-based, and Lego Group is headquartered in Billund (TT Games is UK-based but produces work under Lego Group licence and direction). Speaking of which… A very blocky #2 and #3 Minecraft sold another 788K copies on PlayStation consoles last month. Business as usual, since Minecraft hasn’t sold fewer than 760K copies in a single month all year. With over 350M copies sold across all platforms, Minecraft is the best-selling game in history and one of the strongest brands in the world. Every month, a new cohort of children reaches Minecraft age, which guarantees a constant volume of new sales regardless of what the broader market is up to. The demographic refresh rate is truly impressive, with the audience renewing itself faster than it’s churning. Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight shifted 757K copies on PS5 last month, bringing its lifetime total on the platform to over 800K. Across all platforms, Legacy of the Dark Knight has now passed 1.5M sold through, so PlayStation accounts for over half of the game’s players. The May crossover data for Legacy of the Dark Knight on PS5 is also useful. 27% of those players also played Fortnite, 16% Roblox, 16% FC 26, and 14% NBA 2K. That’s the household-and-family cohort showing up, plus the launch-window cohort of core gamers who buy practically everything. FC 26 gets players through the door ahead of the World Cup FC 26 sold 411K copies on PlayStation last month (90% via PS5), the fewest copies FC 26 has sold all year and down heavily from April’s 700K. Part of this dropoff is because FC 26 has been available as a PlayStation Plus monthly game since 6 May, cannibalising premium sales. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week 🫶 Subscribe The strategic logic is straightforward for EA, which is sacrificing premium unit sales in May to build up the player base ahead of the FIFA World Cup, which kicks off on 11 June. Obviously, a bigger player pool going into the tournament means a bigger pool of potential Ultimate Team spenders during the period when football attention is at its peak. The early returns are around what you’d expect, with 4.4M new players accessing FC 26 via PS Plus last month – a substantial new spender pool. Anecdotally, a few of my mates who were ‘’skipping FIFA and Ultimate Team this year’’, were drawn back in via PS Plus. Lo and behold, one of them is buying packs like it’s going out of fashion. Whether this is all a smart trade for EA depends entirely on the Ultimate Team conversion rate over the next six weeks. Either way, the short-term engagement impact on the game as a whole is evident. FC 26‘s MAUs hit a record 24M on PlayStation in May, up 30% from the previous record set in April. GTA V does what GTA V always does Rounding out the top five is another evergreen title. Grand Theft Auto V shifted another 387K copies on PlayStation last month. No matter what else is happening in the industry, GTA V keeps pulling players in. It’s sold another 1.8M copies on PS5 in the first half of this year alone, helping the franchise pass the 230M-sold milestone across all platforms. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week 🫶 Subscribe I have a theory that Minecraft and GTA V are doing the same thing at different demographic levels. Both are functioning as generational gateway games that the audience ages into faster than it ages out of. Minecraft captures kids around age 6-10, GTA V captures much of the same audience around age 12-15 (unofficially, of course). The crossover data suggests this: 40% of GTA V‘s monthly PlayStation players typically play Fortnite in any given month, while 30% play Roblox. Household accounts aside, that’s not the original GTA V audience from 2013. Of course, the under-12 audience would love to get their hands on GTA, too. It’s always been the way of things, and some parents are happy to oblige. Mine did too back in the day, and I turned out just fine. Right? Right!? Want to get your hands on our data for yourself – for free? We’re offering a free trial of our platform for games companies. Send us a message here, or reply to this email, and we’ll set you up. The last word Reply to this email – or reach out here – if you have any feedback for the newsletter – or want to request a game for us to cover. [Alinea Analytics boasts the most accurate PC and console estimates in the business. Game makers use our platform to understand their audience, keep an eye on the competition, monitor sales trends, and spot new opportunities. We equip game studios and financial institutions with accurate data and the confidence to make smarter, data-driven decisions. Want to talk about all things games market data? We’d love to chat!]

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Jun 3 • 10:49 AM EDT • Technology • alineaanalytics.substack.com
Trump suggests he hasn’t dropped the ‘anti-weaponization’ fund

President Donald Trump suggested that he has not dropped the administration’s “anti-weaponization” fund, saying in an interview released Wednesday that people “should be reimbursed.”

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Jun 3 • 10:13 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Rewriting the Narrative: Jewish Voices in the Entertainment Industry | AJC Global Forum 2026

At AJC Global Forum 2026, writer, producer, actor, and comedian Jamie Denbo joins Grammy-nominated songwriter, music publisher, and entrepreneur Billy Mann; Deborah Marcus; and Lori York for a conversation moderated by Dov Wilker, AJC Vice President, Advocacy and Innovation; Regional Director, AJC Atlanta.

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Jun 3 • 9:56 AM EDT • Entertainment • ajc.org
ECU College of Business takes students to Germany

Students traveled to Germany to meet with business leaders to explore possible internships or jobs overseas.

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Jun 3 • 9:44 AM EDT • Business • news.ecu.edu
Microsoft and Mayo Clinic partner to build healthcare AI model

Mayo Clinic will own the model, which will be trained on de-identified patient data and initially deployed for use by its clinicians

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Jun 3 • 9:13 AM EDT • Health • qz.com
Lahn's win in GOP primary for Iowa governor is a setback for Trump that could signal MAHA strength

Businessman Zach Lahn’s win in Iowa’s Republican gubernatorial primary over President Donald Trump’s pick is a rare electoral setback for Trump

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Jun 3 • 9:09 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Evoke Entertainment Secures $35 Million Production Financing Facility to Accelerate Expanding Film & Television Slate

Institutional capital partnership strengthens independent studio's ability to finance and produce content across film, television, and streaming platforms Stan Spry CEO Stan Spry, CEO Evoke Entertainment LOS ANGELES, June 03, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Evoke Entertainment has secured a senior secured production financing facility of up to $35 million backed by a leading institutional private credit fund with extensive experience in media, entertainment, and asset-based lending.The revolving produc

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Jun 3 • 9:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • finance.yahoo.com
California voters feel increasingly disillusioned with political system

“Many residents feel abandoned by a political system that asks for their vote but rarely their voice.”

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Jun 3 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • fresnobee.com
The Latest: Trump keeps immunity from tax probes while scrapping $1.8 billion compensation fund

Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche said the Trump administration has definitively scrapped a $1.8 billion fund to compensate President Donald Trump’s allies, but the White House is sticking with the part of the deal that permanently drops tax claims against him

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Jun 3 • 8:45 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Rethinking Political Change in Iran from Protest to War

One month before the United States and Israel began the current war against Iran on February 28, 2026, mass uprisings within the country resulted in the severest government crackdown in its modern history. Protests and repression were accompanied by calls for outside intervention. US President Donald Trump declared on January

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Jun 3 • 8:40 AM EDT • Politics • merip.org
The Latest: Trump keeps immunity from tax probes while scrapping $1.8 billion compensation fund

Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche said the Trump administration has definitively scrapped a $1.8 billion fund to compensate President Donald Trump's allies, but the White House is sticking with the part of the deal that permanently drops tax claims against him.

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Jun 3 • 8:39 AM EDT • Politics • wsls.com
Catholic Health CEO Patrick O'Shaughnessy Steps Down

Dr. Patrick O'Shaughnessy, who has served as president and CEO of Catholic Health since 2021, has stepped down from the Rockville Centre-based health system. Gary Havican, previously executive vice president and chief operating officer, has assumed the roles of president, CEO and chief operating officer, according to the health system. It was not immediately clear

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Jun 3 • 8:23 AM EDT • Health • libn.com
Amateur sleuth exposes basic blunder in scores of cancer studies

Scientists at Cambridge, Oxford, Stanford and other universities appear to have accidentally used the wrong ingredient in their experiments

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Jun 3 • 8:21 AM EDT • Science • thetimes.com
What smart people are saying about CBS News firing Scott Pelley

Scott Pelley, the veteran "60 Minutes" correspondent, was fired from CBS News on Tuesday after reportedly criticizing Bari Weiss.

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Jun 3 • 8:03 AM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Scientists reverse anxiety by fixing a tiny brain circuit

A newly identified group of amygdala neurons appears to play a central role in anxiety and social behavior. Restoring normal activity in this tiny brain circuit reversed anxiety and social deficits in mice, revealing a promising new target for future treatments.

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • sciencedaily.com
SFA business students gain global edge through immersive study abroad tour of Spain and Portugal

NACOGDOCHES, Texas –– Nearly 50 students from Stephen F. Austin State University’s Nelson Rusche College of Business participated in an intensive, faculty-led study abroad program in Spain and Portugal May 10-21.Led by Dr. Matthew Lindsey, chair of the Department of Management and Marketing, and Dr. Mikhail Kouliavtsev, chair of the Department of Economics and Finance, the experiential learning trip bridged classroom business theory with real-world international operations across the Iberian Peninsula.

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Business • sfasu.edu
The cult of objectivity has broken consciousness science

With 22 competing theories and no consensus in sight, the science of consciousness is lost. In this exclusive IAI interview, Berkeley psychedelics researcher and bestselling author of a new book on consciousness Michael Pollan insists that even though consciousness lies beyond traditional forms of scientific investigation, we should resist becoming dualists who see it as something radically different from ordinary stuff in the world. Instead, he makes the case for reimagining science itself: it must stop reaching for objective descriptions of physical reality, and instead embrace subjectivity as the indispensable core of all inquiry. Alasdair Craig: How did your experiences with psychedelics get you interested in consciousness?Michael Pollan: One of the things that happens on psychedelics is that they foreground consciousness. What formerly seemed perfectly transparent and ever present—and yet, non-existent, as water is to fish—suddenly you see it. The metaphor I use in the book is that psychedelics sponge the windscreen. Suddenly you realize: wow, there’s a windscreen, there is this phenomenon that’s mediating my relationship to reality. This is not an unusual realization on psychedelics. I think a lot of people are called to think about consciousness after psychedelic experiences. So that was the proximate inspiration for A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness (2026).And then there was a more specific way in which psychedelics influence the book. That was a particular experience I had on psilocybin. I had the sensation that the plants in my garden were conscious and returning my gaze, with their own point of view and agency, and I got curious as to how to evaluate an insight like that. I mean, what’s the truth quotient of insights you have on psychedelics? And I was reading William James—who, of course, wrote beautifully about mystical experience—and he said, we can’t judge the metaphysics here, but we should pay attention to two criteria: (1) How useful is it to think this is true? He was a pragmatist, of course. And (2) can we subject it to other ways of knowing to validate it? Because maybe we should treat these insights as hypotheses. And that’s kind of how I approach psychedelics, as a great generator of hypotheses, but they need to be tested against other ways of knowing. And so that led me down this long path exploring the science of plant intelligence and plant sentience.AC: I love your phrase, “smudging the windowpane of conscious experience.” So do you now start to think, actually, even when I’m not on psychedelics, I’m just seeing a screen all the time, which is not reality, but rather is my conscious experience, behind which reality is hidden?MP: Well, you know, not when I’m brushing my teeth and making breakfast! But yes, in meditation, certainly. I mean, one of the things you realize is that my experience happens to be this way now, but it could be another way. And many things can affect it. My morning coffee changes the screen in various ways, sharpens certain things.___The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness.___There’s this wonderful metaphor in Aldous Huxley’s book, The Doors of Perception, where he thinks we channel consciousness, and that what the brain does is edit it, and there’s a reducing valve. And psychedelics open the reducing valve wider. I don’t know that I’m ready to buy into the idea that consciousness exists outside brains, but I do love that metaphor because there are times when you are more conscious than others. I know I’ve switched from window pane to valve, but you know, a camera aperture can open wider or narrower. And I do have a sense of that. I have a sense of when I’m being less conscious, and when I’m being more conscious, by which I mean, you know, more present, taking in more sensory information. So when you start thinking about consciousness as a matter of degree, that changes things also.I think when we scroll on social media, obviously, we’re conscious. But minimally so, because we don’t have to generate our own thoughts. We’re basically taking these little hits from other people and thinking their thoughts.The process of writing this book made me kind of relativize everyday consciousness as just one type, which is exactly what William James said. Normal consciousness is one type, separated by the flimsiest of screens from the other types.AC: If we stick with the metaphor of the smudge on the window that you get when you take psychedelics, it seems like we’re saying that consciousness has become like an object that you’re looking at, right? You’re looking at the smudge and that just is consciousness. But sometimes we’ll talk about consciousness as a state that you’re in, rather than an object you can perceive. You’re either conscious or you’re not conscious. So it’s difficult to really know what sort of thing we’re talking about when we talk about consciousness, right?MP: Yeah. When you say that consciousness is an object, what’s the subject? Consciousness also? The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness. So we’re in a closed loop and when we get a perspective on consciousness, we’re not achieving any distance from it. That’s one of the problems with studying consciousness. Science is predicated on an objective, God’s eye view of things, and you never get that. There’s no such thing. SUGGESTED VIEWING The brain filters consciousness With Àlex Gómez-Marín But, yeah, there is this sense, I think, that consciousness is something you can approach. Certainly, when you’re writing and trying to recreate a conscious experience, it’s a fiction, but you’re standing back from it, and looking at it. But there’s no real subject-object distinction.AC: That’s so interesting, because when philosophers start talking about consciousness, they often talk about what they call “qualia”, which is their word for the felt experience of, say, the color red. And I think that way of speaking often makes us think of the qualia as an object, which you can see out there: the redness of red. But, as you say, we also want to collapse the subject-object distinction when we talk about consciousness. So there’s something strange going on here…MP: Oh, yeah, there are many strange things going on! *AC: Let’s talk about the varieties of consciousness. Apart from perceptions, there are, pains, emotions, thoughts, and so on. What is it that holds all this diversity together so that they all count as instances of consciousness? What is it that they all have in common?MP: Yeah, that’s a really good question. I mean, there is sensory information, right? Which we perceive coming from the world outside ourselves. And then there’s internal information, which is what’s called interoception. And this is very important too. This is where feelings come from—what are sometimes called homeostatic feelings—that are intended to get the brain to keep us in these narrow ranges of temperature and glucose and so on. That’s a very important part of consciousness. And according to some researchers, who I think are probably right, this is where consciousness begins, with these very primal feelings, like hunger and thirst and warmth and itch, and things like that. And then there’s this third thing, which is our thinking about thinking.And what holds all this together is, I think, the sense of self. Consciousness generates a self: it is probably an organizing principle. All this stuff is happening to the self. It’s a construct, I think, but it is very useful. It can connect all these different streams of consciousness to a single being or a place, metaphorically speaking.* AC: The first half of your book is about the science of consciousness. Is consciousness just another thing, like black holes or the origin of life, which we don’t yet understand, but which we should have every hope that science will one day get to the bottom of, or is there something special about consciousness that makes this unlikely?MP: It depends how you define science. As we define science now, it’s going be very difficult. Science since Galileo has had a set of rules or assumptions, which is that the proper remit of science is to deal with the objective, quantifiable, third-person world. And the physical sciences have done amazing work under that set of limitations. Galileo—for tactical reasons, not for philosophical reasons—said science should not deal with the soul, which at the time was what consciousness was considered to be. So what is subjective, what is qualitative, what is first person, we’re going to leave to the church, he said. And this was a good agreement, and it probably kept many scientists from getting burned at the stake. But it leaves science in an awkward spot, now that it wants to venture into that territory of qualities, of first-person experience. And I don’t think it has the proper tools. I think it will have to add to its toolkit in some way, and find a way to bring in phenomenology, or lived experience and introspection, which science is usually dismissive of.The challenge—we alluded to it earlier—is that the only tool you have to study consciousness with is consciousness. And what I mean by that is, the whole scientific enterprise is a manifestation of consciousness. As much as scientists like to flatter themselves with this idea that they attain a godlike perspective on what they study, when it comes to consciousness, there’s no such thing. And it’s fine for all the things you can step outside of and study from that perspective. But two areas it won’t work are consciousness and cosmology.___It could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.___With cosmology, too, you have to study the universe from inside the universe. It’s not that cosmologists haven’t made progress. We know a lot about the age of the universe and expansion and things like that. But we can’t penetrate what happened before the Big Bang. We just don’t have the tools because we can’t stand outside.The fact that there are 22 full-scale theories of consciousness tells you all you need to know: we’re kind of lost. And I was surprised to find that we are more lost than I thought we were when I started this. I thought that there’d be leading theories, or that we had experiments that we could conduct that would nail some of this down. And the fact is, we don’t.So, I don’t know if science can solve it. But, of course, we can change the rules of science. A really influential book for me was a book called The Blind Spot, by two physicists, Marcello Gleiser and Adam Frank, and a philosopher, Evan Thompson. It’s a reminder that science is a social practice. It’s organized in a certain way and it can be organized in a different way. But it has this huge blind spot at the center of it, which is its failure to recognize that it is a form of consciousness itself, and it doesn’t have a good way of taking account of lived experience.AC: On the one hand, I think you want to resist traditional dualism, which would say that consciousness is something magical, something supernatural, right? But on the other hand, you’re accepting that there is this division in reality between the stuff that you can investigate objectively and measure, and so on—the stuff that science has been good at finding out about—and consciousness, which, for some reason, you can’t objectively measure. Some would take this to suggest that the dualism is actually right. Is there a way of reconciling these two strands of your thinking?MP: To call it magical is full of value judgement. I mean, you could just say immaterial. The interesting thing is, I think, that intuitively we’re all dualists. And I don’t know whether that’s because we’re children of Descartes and other cultures are less dualist than we are. Or it may be because that’s how consciousness feels. It feels different than the body. It feels separate from the body. But I don’t think we should trust that intuition.AC: So let’s think about ways that science might be changed to get at consciousness. I suppose the starting point would be the way that you begin the second half of your book. You have this nice line from William James, where he says, “We now begin our study of the mind from within.” Could you give us some sense of the ways of studying the mind from within? What does this involve?MP: I don’t know what that science looks like. But one of the points I’m making is that it depends on the humanities. I found that I learned as much, if not more, about consciousness, from reading novels and poetry. There is a sense of the fullness and complexity of consciousness that you don’t get in any scientific account. I interviewed this stream-of-consciousness writer and I approached her as an expert on consciousness, and she is. So I think that dialogue is really important.I’m reading Ben Lerner’s new novel, Transcription. Just read the first page of this novel: it’s a man falling asleep on a train, going to conduct an interview, and there is the experience of being in the train, facing backwards, there’s the view outside, but there’s a reflection of himself through which he’s seeing outside. There’s the memory of dropping his kids off at school. All this is going on in one moment of consciousness. Scientists aren’t going anywhere near that. But I think it’s useful for them to think about. That’s where we’re trying to go: like, how does such a layered experience happen? You know, it also makes you wonder, could a computer ever do this? And it gives you some doubt.*AC: Before we get to computers, perhaps we could talk briefly about plants. How did you come to feel that they are sentient?MP: Well, it was a psychedelic experience, and it’s not unusual on psychedelics. In fact, there’ve been studies about how people become animists during psychedelic experience. Their belief in animism arises after a single psychedelic experience.You know, most scientists would say this is all a myth. But we have only 400 years of the age of enlightenment and science. Before that, we were animists, and if you go around the world, most indigenous cultures are still animists, and children are animists, by and large, until they go to school. So it could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.As I said, I wanted to test this idea, and see whether there was conventional scientific evidence for it. And there’s fascinating work going on in a field that calls itself—in a rather cheeky way—plant neurobiology. These are people who fully realize there are no neurons in plants, but they’re trolling conventional botanists! And they’re doing experiments that are demonstrating that plants can learn and remember, which is kind of amazing: how do you store a memory without neurons? They’re finding plants that can solve problems, that can hear and see. In fact, they have 20 senses to our five or six. For example, a bean plant looking for something to twine, and given a pole within eight inches or so of it, knows where that pole is and will aim its spiraling reach at that pole. What is that about? Is it bouncing signals off of it?One of the spookiest things is the fact that the same anesthetics that put us out put plants out. You might think that plants are already out, but they’re not. They’re just slow. If you take a plant with a fast behavior, like a Venus flytrap, and give it an anesthetic, it will stop reacting. So you have to ask yourself, what is lost when the plant is anaesthetized? Some state of alertness, of awareness, of its environment, of reactivity. I’m not prepared to call that consciousness, but maybe it’s sentience—which is a simpler form of consciousness, and involves the ability to sense what’s going on in your environment and assess what’s good and bad for you and act appropriately. That may be a universal quality of life.AC: Let’s turn from plants to AI. You point out that LLMs are trained on the internet rather than direct interactions with reality. You put this really nicely when you say the internet is not the world so much as a shadow cast by the world. So LLMs are living in this kind of shadow world, or in Plato’s cave, as you put it. What’s the significance of this for AI consciousness and moral consideration? And, to recall the beginning of our conversation, if we’re stuck behind a veil or screen of consciousness, are we also stuck in a kind of shadow world?MP: I don’t think they’re the same shadow worlds because our world includes nature and other people. And even if it’s mediated in some ways... There is a reality out there, and we are in relation to it, through consciousness. There’s friction with it. What’s missing from the LLMs is that friction with the real world. There’s more to the world than human representation, which is what they’re dealing with. And that means that so far, AI is a cultural technology for combining thoughts we’ve already had. SUGGESTED VIEWING Cracking the code for thought With Roger Penrose, Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski, Max Tegmark, Güneş Taylor Genuine creativity is more than collage. A lot of what AI does now is tantamount to collage, putting this with that and you know, that’s part of art, certainly. But there are also genuinely new ideas that come into the world that don’t come in through manipulating the representations we already have. So it remains to be seen whether AIs can be truly creative in that more radical sense.But my arguments against AI becoming conscious have to do with the fact that the idea of AI consciousness is based on this faulty metaphor that the brain is a computer. There are dimensions in which the brain is like a computer—it certainly does its share of computation. But computers have this sharp distinction between hardware and software, and brains don’t. In a brain, hardware and software are identical. Every memory is a physical change to the brain. Brains are not interchangeable in the way computers are. So this idea that you could take the consciousness out and somehow run it on another substrate, a silicon substrate, seems foolhardy.Anyway, it’s a more extended argument, and I may be wrong. And when we move to computers that aren’t based on silicon—neuromorphic computers and things like that—all bets may be off.AC: Regarding your point about LLMs being stuck in the world of our representations—the internet or whatever—and not being able to interact with reality, are these representations, the world of the internet, themselves part of reality? We’ve created the internet, but it’s still a real thing that exists. And so while the LLMs may be trapped within that part of reality, they’re nevertheless within reality and interacting with it and so on. So it’s not obvious that there’s a barrier there to them becoming conscious and being creative.MP: Yeah, I mean, if our consciousness is built out of human culture, which is what we’re talking about with all those representations. But I tend to think consciousness comes a bit more out of nature and friction with the natural world, but...AC: So there’s a fundamental divide between the natural world and human artefacts?MP: And we lose track of that, and especially people in this computer world. You know, the people who are creating these AI systems, my guess is they’ve been into video games since the age of three, and they didn’t go outside a lot. And their own contact with nature is somewhat limited. I could be wrong, it’d be a very interesting thing to ask, all the wizards of AI, whether they like to go fishing and hiking and do things like that. Or were they on computers from a very early age? I interviewed Blake Lemoine, the Google engineer who came to believe that LaMDA, the Google LLM out at the time, was conscious and deserved personhood. It was very clear that he didn’t see a distinction between this bubble in which he lived and the real world. And I think we’ve all been distanced from the natural world, and this is taking us even further away. But it’s still there, you know, and we still have bodies, and we’re still mortal, and we don’t live in a simulation.AC: I think that’s a great place to finish. Michael Pollan, thank you very much!

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • iai.tv
East Texas students explore forensic science at UT Tyler camp
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Jun 3 • 7:49 AM EDT • Science • cbs19.tv
Inspiring future innovators: 400+ middle, high school students explore career paths at App State STEAM Expo

Over 400 middle and high school students took part in App State’s STEAM Expo this spring, exploring science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics through hands-on learning and interactive engagement with App State faculty and students. The annual event helps students connect classroom concepts to future academic and career possibilities.

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Jun 3 • 7:33 AM EDT • Science • today.appstate.edu
Trump Says Vance and Rubio Teaming up for 2028 Run Would Be Unbeatable

June 3 (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald ⁠Trump ⁠said in a podcast ⁠interview aired on Wednesday that Vice President JD Vance and U.S. Secretary of State Rubio, teaming up ‌for a 2028 presidential run, ‌would be unbeatable. Both men are seen as contenders ⁠for ⁠the 2028 Republican nomination, and ...

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Jun 3 • 7:18 AM EDT • Politics • usnews.com
GeoComply Expands Multi-Year Partnership with Caesars Entertainment

GeoComply expands multi-year partnership with Caesars, deepening digital identity and fraud prevention across online gaming operations.

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Jun 3 • 7:12 AM EDT • Entertainment • businesswire.com
Pulte Pick Shows How Trump Is Consolidating Power

Plus, the president’s candidate is defeated in Iowa, and inside Trump’s takeover of the American regulatory machine.

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Jun 3 • 7:03 AM EDT • Politics • wsj.com
World Business Chicago picks design contest finalists: Covered highways, residential alleys, recycling tourism

World Business Chicago, which hosted the “Horizon Lines” open design contest this spring, on Wednesday announced the six finalists.

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Jun 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Business • chicagotribune.com
President Trump seeks control of science funding

The White House Office of Management and Budget is moving to take more control of billions of dollars in federal grants. Critics say the proposed change would jeopardize the integrity of U.S. science.

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Jun 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Science • vpm.org
President Trump seeks control of science funding

The White House Office of Management and Budget is moving to take more control of billions of dollars in federal grants. Critics say the proposed change would jeopardize the integrity of U.S. science.

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Jun 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Science • npr.org
High-Signal Publisher
President Trump seeks control of science funding

The White House Office of Management and Budget is moving to take more control of billions of dollars in federal grants. Critics say the proposed change would jeopardize the integrity of U.S. science.

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Jun 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Politics • npr.org
High-Signal Publisher
How does Idaho’s trans bathroom ban affect businesses? Attorneys break it down.

In about a month, Idaho’s new law banning transgender people from using bathrooms that align with their gender identity will take effect.

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Jun 3 • 6:30 AM EDT • Business • idahocapitalsun.com
Mercy Health expands into New Carlisle, Fairborn

The hospital system said the goal was to increase access to care closer to home for residents.

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Jun 3 • 6:25 AM EDT • Health • spectrumnews1.com
America’s 250th birthday celebration increasingly centers on Trump

The White House has built a set of highly visible, centrally controlled events — many created by presidential directive — that emphasize spectacle, branding, and new traditions.

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Jun 3 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Why U.S. men’s soccer captain Tim Ream uses Lego sets to manage mental health

Ream has become an advocate for mental health awareness, helping children identify and overcome their struggles.

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Jun 3 • 5:44 AM EDT • Health • nbcnews.com
High-Signal Publisher
Red States’ Sound Science Laws Echo Trump Regulatory Overhaul

Republican-led states are following President Donald Trump’s lead and making it harder for their agencies to exceed federal environmental standards.

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Jun 3 • 5:00 AM EDT • Science • news.bgov.com
President Trump seeks control of science funding

The White House and the Office of Management and Budget is moving to take more control of billions of dollars federal grants. This move has implications for areas as broad as housing and transportation, but science and health would be the most significantly impacted. Scientists and advocates say if it goes into effect, the change would jeopardize the integrity of science in the United States.

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Jun 3 • 4:39 AM EDT • Science • southcarolinapublicradio.org
Colombia's soccer jersey isn't just about sports. It's become a symbol of political division

BOGOTA, Colombia (AP) — Colombia’s national soccer jersey — a symbol of unity and pride as the team heads to the 2026 FIFA World Cup — has become embroiled in the country’s bitterly disputed presidential election, sparking debate over whether the yellow shirt should be used at political rallies.

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Jun 3 • 4:03 AM EDT • Politics • wral.com
Deep dive
😐 Neutral (6%)
ahah
71%
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29%
French UFC fighter Gane blocking out politics before White House bout

French mixed martial artist Ciryl Gane said he is blocking out the political noise ahead of his unprecedented fight at the White House in Washington.But he admits it will be a unique experience, as it was when he visited the White House a few weeks ago.

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Jun 3 • 2:29 AM EDT • Politics • sports.yahoo.com
For some chronically ill Mass. residents, food is medicine

New research shows people on Medicaid who receive medically-tailored meals are less likely to need hospital care or land in emergency departments.

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Jun 3 • 1:45 AM EDT • Health • wbur.org
A Trump Endorsement Falls Flat: 4 Election Takeaways From Iowa and Beyond

The president’s pick for governor of Iowa lost his primary, while Democrats in the state chose their nominee in what they hope will be a competitive Senate race.

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Jun 3 • 1:00 AM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
Trump Endorses Colombian Presidential Candidate Abelardo de la Espriella

Petro, Colombia’s first left-wing president, responded on social media Tuesday night, criticizing Trump’s public support for de la Espriella.

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Jun 3 • 12:13 AM EDT • Politics • politicstoday.org
Trump-backed Rep. Randy Feenstra concedes Iowa governor primary

It’s a blow for the president, who has seen most of his chosen candidates this cycle sail to victory or advance to runoff elections — until now.

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Jun 3 • 12:02 AM EDT • Politics • politico.com
Scott Pelley fired from '60 Minutes' after calling out Bari Weiss

CBS News correspondent Scott Pelley is out at "60 Minutes" after over 30 years. He recently took aim at Bari Weiss and new top producer Nick Bilton.

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Jun 2 • 9:56 PM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Scott Pelley out at '60 Minutes' after slamming CBS News bosses

Longtime '60 Minutes' correspondent Scott Pelley has been fired from the venerable news program after clashing with CBS News leadership.

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Jun 2 • 9:10 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Scott Pelley’s future at CBS in doubt after private meeting with top executives

Veteran “60 Minutes” correspondent Scott Pelley had a contentious meeting with CBS News management on Tuesday afternoon, leading some of his colleagues to believe that he will be fired, sources familiar with the matter told CNN.

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Jun 2 • 8:19 PM EDT • Business • cnn.com
Google Is Quietly Buying Code From Play Store Developers to Train AI

Google is trying to buy code from some Android developers as part of a "confidential" program.

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Jun 2 • 8:16 PM EDT • Technology • 404media.co
Gabe Newell Says Players Have 'Enormous Choice' When Pressed on Steam Monopoly Accusations, Report Says

Valve founder and president Gabe Newell denied claims that Steam is running a monopoly, saying that players have "enormous choice" in the PC gaming space, according to a new report.

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Jun 2 • 8:16 PM EDT • Technology • ign.com
Barriers to Inclusive Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for LGBTQ+ Populations: A Narrative Review With Emphasis on Midwifery and Obstetric Services in Greece

Despite recent legal and policy advancements, LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and additional identities) populations continue to face significant barriers to equi...

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Jun 2 • 8:00 PM EDT • Health • cureus.com
Jill Biden says no aides flagged Joe Biden's health before 2024 debate

Jill Biden told “The View” on June 2 that no one had approached her with concerns regarding her husband's health before the 2024 presidential debate.

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Jun 2 • 7:58 PM EDT • Health • usatoday.com
Deep dive
☹️ Negative (-3%)
ahah
55%
wow
45%
Trump-backed candidate 'confident' Republicans will have great night in California: 'Very excited'

Steve Hilton, one of two main Republicans running in California's jungle primary on Tuesday, said that he appreciated endorsements from President Donald Trump and Vice President JD Vance.

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Jun 2 • 7:52 PM EDT • Politics • foxnews.com
Why Trump’s payout fund was too much for Republicans

Of all the president’s moves, the fund is the first to prompt real GOP resistance, signaling a sharply shifting political environment.

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Jun 2 • 7:32 PM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
What about California’s other statewide races? Here’s a look at the offices on the ballot today

California voters today are determining the general election candidates for 8 statewide offices, including insurance commissioner, superintendent and lieutenant governor.

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Jun 2 • 7:10 PM EDT • Politics • calmatters.org
Iowa Democrats to settle a competitive Senate primary as the party looks to flip GOP seats this fall

President Donald Trump and Vice President JD Vance have both touched down in Iowa this year to shore up Republican enthusiasm in the state's Senate race.

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Jun 2 • 6:33 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
🙂 Positive (35%)
Unincorporated Bensenville residents say 'nightmare' rat infestation threatens their health, safety

People living in a neighborhood in unincorporated Bensenville say a rat infestation is a threat to their health and safety.

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Jun 2 • 5:57 PM EDT • Health • abc7chicago.com
U.S. science must innovate or die, National Academies president says

The last year has been “filled with turmoil” for science, National Academy of Sciences President Marcia McNutt said during her State of Science address

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Jun 2 • 5:51 PM EDT • Science • scientificamerican.com
Residents, business owners push against bridge closures plan

Residents and business owners in the Mittie area are pushing back against a proposed state bridge replacement project on La. 26, west of Ouiska Chitto Creek, that could result in […]

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Jun 2 • 5:25 PM EDT • Business • americanpress.com
Adviser Oz Calls Trump Exam 'Spectacular' Though Health Questions Linger

By Trevor Hunnicutt and Steve Holland WASHINGTON, June ⁠2 (Reuters) - ⁠A physician in Donald Trump's ⁠administration brushed off questions about the U.S. president's personal health on Tuesday, describing the 79-year-old's third physical examination in 13 months as routine and the ‌results as ...

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Jun 2 • 5:24 PM EDT • Health • usnews.com
Catholic Health CEO Dr. Patrick O'Shaughnessy steps down

Chief Operating Officer Gary Havican will serve as interim president while the hospital system's board conducts a national search.

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Jun 2 • 5:21 PM EDT • Health • newsday.com
Warriors get $15 million LeBron James free agent update

The Golden State Warriors should feel more confident about their chances of landing a Los Angeles Lakers aging star this summer.

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Jun 2 • 5:10 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Straight Talk with Ascension Chamber President and CEO Donnie Miller

Ascension Parish is in the midst of a significant growth period, fueled by billions of dollars in industrial investment, rapid population gains and a diverse business landscape. As businesses navigate workforce shortages, infrastructure demands, rising operating costs and new opportunities tied to major projects, the Ascension Chamber of Commerce is working to help employers stay […]

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Jun 2 • 5:08 PM EDT • Business • businessreport.com
NYC Health + Hospitals/Coler Enhances Behavioral Health Services for Long-Term Care Residents - NYC Health + Hospitals

New York, NY — Today, the NYC Health + Hospitals/Coler skilled nursing facility announced two initiatives to serve residents with a behavioral health

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Jun 2 • 4:53 PM EDT • Health • nychealthandhospitals.org
Catholic Health CEO steps down

Dr. Patrick O’Shaughnessy resigned after serving as president and CEO of the Long Island hospital system for more than five years.

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Jun 2 • 4:50 PM EDT • Health • crainsnewyork.com
Trump to make complicated student-loan process easier for borrowers

The Education Department is planning to streamline the process for defaulted student-loan borrowers to get help with repayment.

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Jun 2 • 4:49 PM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Not All Wine Glasses Tinkling Happily over Santa Barbara County’s Business Improvement District

The Goldwater Institute sues County Board of Supervisors and vintners association on behalf of Lompoc’s Flying Goat Cellars.

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Jun 2 • 4:37 PM EDT • Business • independent.com
Scientists May Have Found a Way to Detect a Third Type of Magnetism

The third type of magnetism could prove the most useful of all—if researchers can identify the materials that exhibit it.

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Jun 2 • 4:30 PM EDT • Science • gizmodo.com
RRH marks one year of free genetic screening program that identifies health risks

13WHAM ABC Rochester provides local news, weather forecasts, traffic updates, health reports, notices of events and items of interest in the community, local sports and entertainment programming for Rochester and nearby towns and communities including Greece, Victor, Pittsford, Penfield, Henrietta, Webster, Irondequoit, Fairport, Chili, Gates, Rush, Wheatland, Canandaigua, Farmington, Spencerport and Hilton.

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Jun 2 • 4:25 PM EDT • Health • 13wham.com
Albert Mohler says recurring health episodes are manageable, not life-threatening

LOUISVILLE, Ky. — Southern Baptist Theological Seminary President Albert Mohler said Monday that recurring medical episodes that have affected him during recent public speaking appearances are related to complications from previous surgeries and are not life-threatening.

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Jun 2 • 4:25 PM EDT • Health • baptistpress.com
Dr. Oz praises President Trump's 'spectacular' health
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Jun 2 • 3:24 PM EDT • Health • usatoday.com
Deep dive
🙂 Positive (31%)
wow
67%
ahah
33%
Mercy’s Southeast Missouri Hospital College of Nursing and Health Sciences Welcomes New President

Pamela Slaven-Lee will lead Mercy's Southeast Missouri Hospital College of Nursing and Health Sciences in Cape Girardeau as its new president, as selected by the college's Board of Trustees.

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Jun 2 • 2:58 PM EDT • Health • mercy.net
Could environmental changes affect hantavirus risk? Duke researchers think so

As officials monitor a rare hantavirus outbreak, Duke researchers are examining how environmental changes may influence where disease-carrying rodents thrive. The findings suggest more diverse landscapes could help reduce disease risk.

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Jun 2 • 2:49 PM EDT • Health • wral.com
WATCH LIVE: Senate Democratic leaders may address Bill Pulte for DNI, 'anti-weaponization fund'

Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer criticized President Donald Trump’s decision to tap his housing finance director as acting director of national intelligence, saying Bill Pulte is “a partisan thug with no experience in intelligence.”

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Jun 2 • 2:40 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
🙂 Positive (35%)
Master of Public Health Student Focused on Data-Informed Solutions

Master of Public Health candidate Sivgech Heang is set on a path to reshape global health by using data to empower communities to combat future health threats.

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Jun 2 • 1:58 PM EDT • Health • news.gsu.edu
WATCH LIVE: Blanche testifies in House hearing as Trump considers dropping 'Anti-Weaponization Fund'

Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche is set to return to Capitol Hill on Tuesday after the Trump administration signaled it was pausing contentious plans to move forward with a nearly $1.8 billion fund that could compensate allies of President Donald Trump who believe they have been unjustly investigated and prosecuted.

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Jun 2 • 1:28 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
🙂 Positive (35%)
Political gravity is coming for some of Trump’s most jarring ideas

President Donald Trump just keeps pushing the envelope — his appointment of a controversial housing official as the new acting director of national intelligence on Tuesday is the freshest evidence of that.

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Jun 2 • 1:20 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Sheinbaum tells US ambassador to avoid political interference in drug trafficking dispute

Mexico’s president says ambassadors must avoid political affairs after Ron Johnson’s post on drug trafficking dispute

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Jun 2 • 1:18 PM EDT • Politics • theguardian.com
RWJBarnabas Health’s Children’s Specialized Hospital Chief Nursing Officer Receives Inaugural SPN DAISY Award

Children’s Specialized Hospital (CSH), part of the Children’s Health network at RWJBarnabas Health, is proud to announce that Kelly Keefe Marcoux, PhD, CPNP-AC, PPCNP-BC, CCRN, Vice President of Patient Care Services and Chief Nursing Officer, has been named the inaugural recipient of the Society of Pediatric Nurses (SPN) DAISY Award of the Year in Pediatric Nursing.

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Jun 2 • 1:02 PM EDT • Health • rwjbh.org
Why you need to future proof your brain in middle age and how to start

Ages 40 to 65 see a period of turmoil in the brain that has previously been overlooked. But identifying problems during this time can protect your cognitive health for decades to come

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Jun 2 • 1:00 PM EDT • Health • newscientist.com
New Jersey Democrats pick opponent in district where U.S. Rep. Tom Kean Jr. has been absent

New Jersey’s 7th District, nestled amid suburban towns and rolling farmland — and including one of President Donald Trump’s golf clubs — is the highest-profile race in the state on Tuesday.

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Jun 2 • 12:56 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
AG: North Country Healthcare breached fiduciary duties, changes mandated

A monthslong review by the New Hampshire Department of Justice’s Charitable Trusts Unit has determined North Country Healthcare (NCH) breached its fiduciary duties when it fired Weeks Medical Center President

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Jun 2 • 12:50 PM EDT • Health • unionleader.com
Microsoft launches MXC, an OS-level sandbox for AI agents, with OpenAI and Nvidia already on board

Microsoft launches MXC, an OS-level sandbox for AI agents in Windows, giving enterprises secure runtime controls, identity, and policy enforcement.

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Jun 2 • 12:30 PM EDT • Technology • venturebeat.com
Trump and Netanyahu May Be On the Rocks Over Iran, Lebanon

The president reportedly swore at the Israeli prime minister over his country’s escalating attacks in Lebanon.

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Jun 2 • 11:58 AM EDT • Politics • nymag.com
This Ashburn, Virginia, neighborhood wants to sell their homes to data centers

Mital Gandhi, a resident of The Regency development in Ashburn, Virginia, has proposed a deal to sell his community to data centers. All 143 households must agree.

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Jun 2 • 11:55 AM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Moving to Japan changed how I think about raising kids

Living in Japan showed me a different approach to raising independent children through school routines and community trust.

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Jun 2 • 11:41 AM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Staff Spotlight: Anna Birk, Community Health Intern

Anna Birk, Community Health Intern This summer, The Health Collaborative has 3 incredible students joining us as interns! They each bring something unique to the organization and we were happy […]

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Jun 2 • 11:15 AM EDT • Health • healthcollab.org
How Science Works

The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last year’s event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience — I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (I’ve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people don’t really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic — climate change, vaccines, you name it — revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which aren’t. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, they’ll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. That’s more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice it’s more iterative — you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis you’ve ended up with. But this isn’t science. It’s only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes — scientists are human. Maybe there’s a bug in the code, maybe there’s an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesn’t mean it’s right, and scientists don’t treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and they’ll tell you peer review is miserable — the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it can’t catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they can’t catch hidden errors — a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesn’t mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. That’s where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. That’s how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 — and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well — Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they don’t understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events — meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasn’t chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising — which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the “smoking gun” paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And it’s worth being clear that this consensus is organic. There’s no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. It’s the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesn’t even mention the rival theories — it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. That’s what a consensus looks like. It doesn’t mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean there’s no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? It’s all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But there’s a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole — without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. There’s a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call “nerd.” It’s extremely hard to read — honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we can’t expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC — the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing what’s settled, what’s been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability — in other words, we don’t know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence — a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged “likely” due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, “very likely”; by 2013, “extremely likely.” The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 — there’s not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe — the most successful method we’ve ever developed for determining what’s true and what isn’t. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, that’s where to look. And for those of us who don’t speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone — they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.

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Jun 2 • 10:35 AM EDT • Science • theclimatebrink.com
😐 Neutral (8%)
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64%
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White House Seeks to Impose Political Test on Billions in Federal Grants

A new proposal would allow the administration to block grants if they do not satisfy President Trump’s agenda or support what it calls “anti-American” values.

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Jun 2 • 10:34 AM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
Reimagining the SEBS Campus as a Health and Wellness Arboretum

What if a walk across campus could be as restorative as it is educational? That question is inspiring a new vision for the Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences (SEBS), where faculty, students, and campus leaders are exploring how the grounds of the George H. Cook Campus might evolve into a Health and Wellness […]

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Jun 2 • 10:20 AM EDT • Health • sebsnjaesnews.rutgers.edu
UT Martin business grad has sights set on dental school

Austin Dunagan is a fourth-generation UT Martin graduate, a line that includes Chancellor Emeritus Nick Dunagan and current geosciences professor Dr. Stan Dunagan.

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Jun 2 • 10:14 AM EDT • Business • news.utm.edu
The work you can't always see: Beer is political, part 2

Recently I published a piece about beer, politics, and the question of who speaks up and who doesn’t. I meant every word of it. I still do. And then my inbox opened up. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe I’ve been writing about beer since 2014. For most of that time, I kept things deliberately light — taproom profiles, new releases, the people behind the pints. Gradually, over years of building this thing, you gave me something I didn’t expect: permission. Permission to go deeper. To say what I actually saw in this industry and what I actually believed about it. That trust isn’t something I take lightly. It’s why that piece existed at all, and it’s why this one does too. I’m not walking anything back. But I want to go further. In that piece, I wrote that beer has never existed outside the system. That immigration policy affects who staffs breweries and harvests ingredients. That labor policy affects taproom workers. That civil rights policy affects who feels safe walking into a taproom. That “beer does not exist in a vacuum. The idea that it does is comforting. It is also false.” I believe that as much now as I did when I wrote it. But one idea came back at me, in different forms, over and over (from reader emails, comments, and conversations): that beer itself isn’t political — that it only becomes political when someone decides to make it that way. That what we’re really seeing is a choice by individuals to inject division into something that doesn’t inherently require it. It’s a comforting idea. It’s also wrong — and I think it’s worth being precise about why. That framing assumes that breweries operate outside the conditions shaping everything else. That politics is something you choose to bring into a room that was, until then, clean and neutral. That if you stay quiet, you stay clear of it. But the room was never neutral. It was never clean. Politics is already in the room. It’s in who walks through the door comfortably and who hesitates. It’s in whether a space can be used for organizing without fear. It’s in whether helping someone quietly might carry consequences you have to think carefully about in advance. It’s in who staffed the brewery, who harvested the grain, who can afford to be a regular. The idea that you opt out of all that by staying quiet is an illusion. You only change how visible your response to it is. This is, I realize, a hard thing to hear if you came to a beer newsletter for something lighter. I wrote recently that “beer, for me, has always felt like a refuge — a third place in an increasingly fractured world.” I meant that. I still do. But a refuge is not an escape from reality. It’s a place to gather strength to face it. Here’s what I actually missed — and what I want to correct. Multiple people in the industry reached out to me. I’m not naming them and I’m not identifying their businesses, because that’s not my call. If and when they want to be loud about what they’re doing, that agency belongs to them. What I can share is the substance of what they said, because it complicated something I presented too cleanly. The overall message: *You don’t know what we all are doing.* And they’re right. I don’t. One example involved a collaboration brewed quietly to support another business facing serious challenges in a whole different region, with proceeds directed toward solidarity, community, and keeping operations afloat. No announcement. It could have been broadcast widely. The point was never publicity. Another example involved logistical support for community efforts: organizing safe transportation, providing space for meetings on otherwise closed days, facilitating gatherings under difficult conditions. All of it happening while balancing real financial pressure and genuine concern for personal safety. None of what they described is a brewer “deciding to make beer political.” It’s people responding to the conditions around them — conditions that are already shaping who feels safe, who has access, who can gather, who needs help, and who has the capacity to offer it. Politics, again, already in the room. Already shaping choices. Whether anyone announced it or not. I’ve spent decades in taprooms, at barrel releases, at festivals, in back offices and brewing floors, talking to the people who built this industry from nothing. I know how much happens that never makes it onto social media. I know the owner who quietly comp’d a tab for someone having a crisis. The brewer who drove an hour to pick up a stranger who needed a safe ride. The taproom that stayed dark on a Tuesday so a community group could use the space without it becoming A Whole Thing. None of that gets a post. Most of it never will. So when I wrote recently about silence — when I said that “silence right now doesn’t feel neutral, it feels like complicity” — I was writing about what I could see. And I was right about what I saw. The public silence of breweries that have the platform, the stability, and frankly the safety to say something and choose not to? That still troubles me. I’m not softening that. But some of what I read as silence is actually something else entirely. It’s people doing the work with their hands instead of their phones. It’s people who are genuinely afraid — not of being canceled, but of real consequences for their families, their employees, their ability to keep the doors open at all. That deserves more than a footnote. It deserves to be named clearly. Here’s the tension I want to sit with honestly: public statements matter. They matter because people can’t rally around something they can’t see. Visibility creates awareness and solidarity. It helps people find each other. It tells someone standing outside your taproom door, uncertain whether they’ll be welcomed inside, something they need to know — or whether it’s even safe for them to be in public at all. That’s not performative. I wrote recently that the craft beer movement “was built on collective defiance. It was built on rejecting consolidation. On pushing back against homogeneity.” I believe that too. And I’ll extend it: breweries should be at least as loud about their values as they are when they drop a new seasonal. Your hazy IPA gets a full rollout — the label art, the tap handle photo, the countdown post. Human dignity deserves the same energy. Be as loud about human rights as you are about your beer. There is no reason those two things should require different levels of courage from you. But visibility isn’t the only form of courage. And not everyone can be visible right now without real consequences — financial, personal, sometimes physical. There are people in this industry doing hard, unglamorous, sometimes risky work in the background, and announcing it would compromise it or paint a target on someone who’s already stretched thin. That’s not silence as complicity. That’s operational discipline under pressure. What I want to push back on — clearly, not gently — is the idea that behind-the-scenes action and public visibility are in competition with each other. The person organizing quietly in the back room and the person posting a statement of solidarity on a Tuesday morning are both doing something real. We need both. We need the quiet infrastructure and we need the visible signal. We need people to know that this industry — at its best, at its most independent, and human — gives a fuck. I closed that piece with a question: “Reactive and fearful? Or clear and values-driven?” That question still stands. But having heard from you, I’d add a corollary: the values-driven path isn’t always the loudest one. Sometimes it’s a phone call and a recipe. Sometimes it’s a room made available on a closed Tuesday. Sometimes it’s a drive across town for someone who needed a safe ride home. All of it is political. All of it was always political. You don’t get to opt out of that — you only get to decide what you do with it. I’ve spent more than a decade writing about this industry because I believe it can be exactly that. I’ve been lucky enough to build an audience that lets me say so plainly. That’s a privilege I intend to use. The work is happening. Some of it you’ll see. Some of it you won’t. Support it either way. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication covering beer and brewing across New York state. To receive new posts and support this work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe

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Jun 2 • 10:13 AM EDT • Politics • clevelandprost.substack.com
Why U.S. men's soccer captain Tim Ream uses LEGOs to manage mental health

Ream has become an advocate for mental health awareness, helping children identify and overcome their struggles.

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Jun 2 • 9:46 AM EDT • Health • nbcchicago.com
New acting spy chief will be Bill Pulte, housing finance director who's attacked perceived Trump foes

Pulte’s current role involves ensuring the soundness of the mortgage market, but he morphed into a megaphone who went after the Republican president’s perceived political foes.

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Jun 2 • 9:43 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
What Makes Barrett Business Services (BBSI) a Good Investment?

Schafer Cullen Capital Management, Inc., an independent investment advisor, released its Q1 2026 investor letter for the “Small Cap Value Equity Strategy.” You can download a copy of the letter here. U.S. equity markets started 2026 with notable volatility due to geopolitical events and shifting macro conditions. The Russell 2000 rose 0.9% for the quarter, […]

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Jun 2 • 9:36 AM EDT • Business • finance.yahoo.com
Trump names controversial top housing official to be acting director of national intelligence

President Donald Trump on Tuesday named housing official Bill Pulte, who has played a leading role in stoking the president’s retribution campaign, as acting director of national intelligence.

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Jun 2 • 9:23 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Trump names controversial housing official Bill Pulte as acting director of national intelligence

President Trump on Tuesday announced he's tapping housing official Bill Pulte to serve as the acting director of national intelligence to replace Tulsi Gabbard.

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Jun 2 • 9:22 AM EDT • Politics • cbsnews.com
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Health and Human Development ‘FirstBridge’ supports first-generation students

The Penn State College of Health and Human Development recently launched the FirstBridge Initiative, which supports first-generation students. The program aims to connect first-gen students with first-gen faculty in the College of Health and Human Development through meaningful engagement opportunities.

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Jun 2 • 9:22 AM EDT • Health • psu.edu
Study links childhood trauma and simultaneous substance use to higher rates of depression in college students

Research findings suggest the need for integrated strategies in college health programs.

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Jun 2 • 9:15 AM EDT • Health • stories.tamu.edu
UIndy School of Psychology Faculty, Alumni, and Students Collaborate to Study Emotional Health and TikTok

As the United States continues to face a growing youth mental health crisis, social media use has become a central part of the conversation. From endless doomscrolling to the emotional effects of online content, nearly every aspect of social media is being examined as mental health professionals work to better understand its impact and develop

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Jun 2 • 9:06 AM EDT • Health • news.uindy.edu
😐 Neutral (15%)
ahah
60%
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Live Results: Montana midterm primaries

Montana has not been at the top of the list of seats Democrats hope to flip to regain control of either body, but the retirements do creak open the door for a candidate to possibly take advantage of the state’s independent streak.

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Jun 2 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Westinghouse Appoints Johan Lundberg to Lead Global Quality, Environment, Health & Safety

Westinghouse Electric Company announced the appointment of Johan Lundberg as Executive Vice President of its Global Quality, Environment, Health & Safety function, effective August 3.

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Jun 2 • 9:00 AM EDT • Health • info.westinghousenuclear.com
The endless identity crisis of the Cowboys linebackers

The Cowboys will try to finally solve their LB issues

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Jun 2 • 9:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com