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A fiery five-way debate for Manhattan congressional seat
The candidates traded blows in a NY1 debate.
Xbox CEO outlines strategy to prioritise cost-efficiency and exclusive titles over premium hardware
"We will continue to look at new business models – that's what is needed rather than premium, high-performance consoles," says Asha Sharma
Large language model helps radiology department boost patients’ report comprehension
Emory University has utilized OpenAI’s GPT-5 to create LLM-produced radiology report summaries, clickable terms with embedded educational content, and AI-generated videos.
Could £400m research park plan make Norwich a global science hub?
Experts hope a revamp at the Norwich Research Park could lead to more scientific breakthroughs.
UMass Chan research finds Medicaid-funded nutrition, housing programs linked to improved health outcomes, lower costs
New research finds Medicaid-funded nutrition and housing programs are linked to improved health outcomes and lower healthcare costs in Massachusetts.
Kalshi wants to know where you work
The prediction market has added several new guardrails to weed out insider trading and bad actors.
Iowa's STOP Fraud Act targets fake business addresses
Iowa Secretary of State Paul Pate says the "STOP Fraud Act" is a key step in fighting business fraud, though more work is needed to address its root causes.
'Iconic' Australian BBQ chain goes out of business after almost 50 years
Barbecues Galore will close dozens of stores across the country with the loss of about 500 jobs.
Far-from-perfect 10: Dodgers put up double digits in seventh to beat Pirates, spoil Paul Skenes' quality start
In a tie game in the bottom of the sixth, rain poured. Flags flew horizontally. Fans headed for covered sections. Then the rain stopped. A rainbow appeared. But...
Platner wins Maine primary to challenge Collins
Voters also headed to the polls in primary elections in Nevada, North Dakota, and South Carolina ahead of the midterms.
Food allergy group calls out Mindy Kaling's 'Not Suitable for Work' over 'dangerous' shellfish plotline
Mindy Kaling's comedy series 'Not Suitable for Work' included a 'dangerous' plotline involving shellfish, FARE, a food allergy awareness group, claims.
Pamela Evett, Alan Wilson advance to runoff in crowded South Carolina primary, CBS News projects
Haunting Sounds of The World's Largest Living Thing Recorded
The giant has something to say.
Earth's first animals barely evolved until sex changed everything
Earth’s earliest animals may have held evolution back because they reproduced asexually, creating low-competition communities that changed very little over time. When environmental pressures pushed them toward sexual reproduction, biodiversity exploded and evolution accelerated dramatically.
Teen boys illegally collect tires for family business: Mayfield Heights Police Blotter
The owner of Tire and Wheel reported around 10 p.m. May 29 that he was remotely checking the business cameras and saw that two people were trying to open a scrap bin. As officers responded to the business, a security company reported that two people were taking used tires from the back of Nick Mayer Ford.
Steve Hilton edges out Tom Steyer in California governor race
President Donald Trump has backed Hilton, who, if he wins in November, will be the first Republican governor in 15 years.
Will scandal-hit Maine Senate hopeful Graham Platner help save or sink Democrats?
If Graham Platner wins, he could pull his party left and prove that novice candidates, baggage and all, are viable in key races.
New York Yankees @ Cleveland Guardians: Gerrit Cole vs. Slade Cecconi
The Yankees’ ace looks to bounce back against the team that handed him his first loss in 627 days.
A Turning Point for Conservative Women
Some sounded vaguely feminist; another doesn’t want women to vote
160,000 people drop Pennie health plans following price hikes
A critical federal incentive program ended in January, raising costs for many.
Neemias Queta’s Breakout Season Should Earn Him an Extension
When the 2024-25 season ended, the Boston Celtics were faced with frontcourt issues. With Al Horford and Luke Kornet departing in free agency and Kristaps Porzingis being traded to the Golden State Warriors, Boston needed to find help in the frontcourt. Instead of targeting another big man in the market, the Celtics decided to give developing center Neemias Queta a chance. This […] The post Neemias Queta’s Breakout Season Should Earn Him an Extension appeared first on The Lead.
Why Graham Platner’s margin matters in the Maine: From the Politics Desk
Plus, how California emerged as a target for unfounded election fraud claims.
The science of seeing inside explosions
During the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos scientists needed a diagnostic tool. Like an x-ray confirming a broken leg bone, the researchers wanted to be able to see into the smoke cloud of detonation products. They needed to verify that the implosion remained symmetric to ensure an efficient detonation. Although it was a time when scientific breakthroughs came quickly, this challenge stumped them, and their initial efforts to use x-rays to visualize the event were limited.
Maine’s Primary Ballot Is Crowded With Members of Political Dynasties
Among other candidates with ties to prominent officials, a senator’s son and a Bush scion are running for governor.
Scientists discover a 3.5-billion-year-old asteroid impact on the moon
The first few billion years of Earth's history saw the rise of life, the atmosphere and the oceans. Still, that time is shrouded in mystery: Not many rocks remain that preserve a record of those early ...
Giant 120-sided ‘Dungeons and Dragons’ dice highlights every element
The chunky aluminum die is perfect for roleplaying games and chemistry class.
Victor Wembanyama, other NBA Finals players condemn violence after Spurs fans attacked following Game 3: 'It's unacceptable'
All the Liquid Glass Changes in macOS Golden Gate
When Liquid Glass launched in macOS Tahoe, Apple faced criticism over how the design looked on the Mac. Some people felt that Liquid Glass in macOS Tahoe was an afterthought with little impact from the design update, while others had issues with contrast, readability, rounded corners, and design consistency. There were long complaint threads on the MacRumors forums and on Reddit, and some people refused to update.
Toby Fox shares update on what's happening with Deltarune Chapter 6
Work continues on Deltarune, and creator Toby Fox provided an update on Chapter 6 today. In case you missed the news, fans won’t have to wait long to experience the next part of the game. Chapter 5 was featured in the Nintendo Direct presentation today and we learned that it’s coming out later in the month. In a newsletter, Fox...
NBA the Run Plays Like a Distant Descendant of the NBA Street Series Rather Than a True Successor, With Quick Matches and a Star-studded Roster
A quick-match basketball game that plays more like a distant descendant of NBA Street than a true successor.
The other Dan Sullivan in Alaska’s Senate race says candidacy is not a sham
Alaska U.S. Senate candidate Dan Sullivan acknowledges that sharing a name and party affiliation with the incumbent Republican gives him “an instant megaphone" in the crowded primary race.
What is Nasa’s Artemis III mission and will it go to the Moon?
Artemis III will help test crucial systems needed for the planned Artemis V Moon landing in 2028.
macOS 27 Finally Brings Direct Touch Control to Sidecar
Apple has added direct touch input to Sidecar with macOS 27 Golden Gate and iPadOS 27, allowing users to tap and interact with macOS interface elements using a finger on their iPad for the first time. Previously, Sidecar was deliberately limited as a touch interface.
UT Health San Antonio awarded grant to advance cervical cancer screening
Content provided by Lauren Michalk UT Health San Antonio has been selected as a recipient of the American Cancer Society’s Self-Collected Human Papillomavirus Readiness Pilot (SHaRP) grant, a national initiative designed to help health care organizations prepare for and implement HPV self-collection as part of routine cervical cancer screening. SHaRP supports the integration of human papillomavirus […]
Donald Trump reacts to being booed in the room at NBA Finals game
Donald Trump responded after New York Knicks fans booed him at the NBA Finals game inside Madison Square Garden.
Vernier Science Education Welcomes Seven New STEM Teachers to The Vernier Trendsetters Community
Vernier Science Education recently added seven new STEM teachers from high schools nationwide to the Vernier Trendsetters Community. This professional learning community, which now includes nearly 40 individuals, gives teachers the opportunity to grow their leadership and knowledge of modern, relevant STEM instruction as they connect with and learn from fellow teachers throughout the school year.
23 student researchers receive 2026 NSF fellowships - College of Arts and Sciences
The National Science Foundation awarded work in STEM-related fields such as artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering and marine ecology.
EU Says Decision Not to Launch Siri AI in Europe Is Apple's Alone
The European Commission has responded to Apple's announcement that Siri AI will not launch in the EU, saying the decision is entirely Apple's and that the company sought an exemption from its legal obligations rather than a compliant solution. Commission spokesperson Thomas Regnier told reporters in Brussels (via Reuters) that Apple had failed to develop interoperability solutions meeting EU privacy and security standards, and instead asked to be let off the hook entirely.
Nintendo was fined 35 million euros due to Joy-Con stick drift
In France, an investigation into Nintendo related to defective Joy-Con controller sticks has concluded. The outcome was not in the company’s favor.
iOS 27 Introduces Overhauled AirPods Settings Menu
When AirPods owners connect to their iPhone running iOS 27, they'll see a completely revamped settings menu for their earbuds that does a better job at organizing all of the feature options that Apple has added over the last few years. In the first iOS 27 developer beta, released on Monday, the new settings menu can be accessed in the same way as the old one – i.e. by appearing only when your AirPods are paired with your iPhone – but the menu itself is now a lot more easy to navigate.
UT Health San Antonio awarded American Cancer Society SHaRP grant to advance cervical cancer screening
Contact: Eileen Teves, 210-450-7239, tevese@uthscsa.edu Content provided by Lauren Michalk SAN ANTONIO, June 9, 2026 – UT Health San Antonio has been selected as a recipient of the American Cancer Society’s Self-Collected Human Papillomavirus Readiness Pilot (SHaRP) grant, a national initiative designed to help health care organizations prepare for and implement HPV self-collection as part […]
From Classroom to Racetrack: How Charlie Baur is Building a Motorsports Career in a Business Discipline
Charlie Baur can trace his racing story back to a Christmas morning in Michigan — the kind that starts with snow on the ground and ends with a throttle in a kid’s hands. “I remember being 3 years old and then for Christmas that year, my parents had gotten me a 120 cc snowmobile,” Baur said. Long before sprint cars, he was a Michigan kid on snowmobiles, dirt bikes, four-wheelers and jet skis — and a regular at car shows and races with his family. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur That early exposure became a calling. At 12, he sat in a sprint car for the first time and knew he’d found the next chapter. He started in quarter midgets, moved to go-karts, and the day before he turned 16 — one day shy of the minimum age required by track insurance — he made his first sprint car start after convincing officials to let him race. Five years later, Baur is still pushing forward, now racing sprint cars on both pavement and dirt while pursuing an automotive business education at Northwood University — with a clear-eyed understanding that motorsports encompasses more than what happens under the lights on Saturday night. “It’s a business,” said Charlie, a 20-year-old who calls Fenton, Michigan, home when he’s not at a racetrack or at Northwood’s residential campus in Midland, Michigan. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Racing is the product — but preparation is the job To the average fan, race day begins around dinner time. For a team, race day can be a 12-hour shift — plus the work that came before it. And Baur’s racing operation is a family affair. “The team is my parents and myself,” he said, explaining they own the cars, maintain equipment and manage the business side — from sponsor relations to budgeting. On race weekends, the core group includes Baur and his parents (Eric and Stefanie), plus a couple of additional hands (Alex Photiou and Robert Flannigan) who help with the intensity and pace of trackside work. That structure has shaped how he thinks about efficiency and professionalism. “We’ve always kind of had the mentality of we’re never working on the car for maintenance at the track,” he said. “Our goal is to do as little work as possible to the car because it should be ready when that car rolls out of the trailer to go racing.” That mindset shows up in routines: bolt checks, tire procedures, safety equipment and a repeatable process designed to limit errors. “Once I fire the car up and put my helmet on, that’s when it’s go time,” he said. “You can plan as much as possible for how the race is going to play out, but until you take the green flag … you don’t know how it’s going to go.” Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur First-generation driver, student of the game In racing, “first-generation” matters — and Baur wears that label with pride. “A lot of the drivers are third or fourth generation,” he said. “My family has never been in motorsports. So for me, we’ve always looked at it as we’re new to it and we want to be as different as possible. From a marketing standpoint, it helps us stand out.” It also pushes him to seek out mentors — especially veteran drivers who have seen every scenario, solved every problem and won in multiple eras. Baur credits accomplished driver Jason Blonde, a 10-time champion, for becoming his driver coach and helping him develop as a competitor. “To me, learning from Jason helps me because he has had lots of success and knows what to do,” Baur said. “You have to humble yourself and say, ‘I don’t know what to do; can you help me out?’” That willingness to learn extends off the track, too. Baur says one of his biggest challenges is not a mechanical limitation, but credibility. “It’s my age,” he said. “Some people won’t take me seriously because I’m so young. Even though … I do know what we’re talking about and have a general idea.” His answer has been to out-prepare, out-communicate and treat the operation like a real enterprise — because it is. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Northwood’s role: Turning passion into a plan Baur is majoring in automotive aftermarket management and pursuing an accelerated path that pairs undergraduate study with graduate work. He’s also exploring how to align his studies with motorsports-focused coursework as Northwood advances related programs and pathways. He sees the value clearly: motorsports needs business-literate professionals who understand budgets, sponsorship, marketing, operations and long-term strategy — and who can translate between the language of the shop and the language of the boardroom. That’s why his Northwood experience isn’t limited to the classroom. He has been involved with the Northwood University International Auto Show and serves as motorsports chair — a leadership role that demands outreach, contracts, coordination and a steady professional demeanor. “There’s so much outside work that makes the auto show successful that people don’t realize,” he said. “And it is truly student led.” He’s also participated in industry experiences through Northwood at major events such as AAPEX, SEMA and PRI, along with other automotive networking events — opportunities he describes as a fast track to understanding how business really gets done. “You learn a lot in the classroom,” he said. “But if you learn it and you can’t apply it to the real world, it loses its value. Or if you learn it and can apply it, but you don’t know anyone, it is still of no value.” In his words, Northwood helps him win because it “gives me the tools to succeed” — including flexibility and faculty support as he balances travel and racing commitments with academics. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Racing as an ecosystem — and a talent gap waiting to be filled Baur is blunt about what he sees across the motorsports world: a deep bench of experienced professionals, and not enough young talent entering the pipeline. “I go to car shows, I go to these different events, and typically … the average age is between 45 to 55,” he said. “There’s not a lot of young people going into the motorsports world.” That reality reinforces Northwood’s communications focus: positioning motorsports not as a narrow lane, but as a wide ecosystem of business careers — sponsorship, logistics, data, media, leadership, hospitality and innovation — with real demand for prepared graduates. It also shapes how Baur talks to younger students who love racing but aren’t sure what their future looks like. “If you have a passion for motorsports, there’s gonna be a spot for you somewhere,” he said, emphasizing that driving is only one of many career paths — and that local tracks and hands-on experience are often the best first step. But if someone is interested in driving as a career path, it will take a team to make that happen. Baur’s team includes Stahl’s Motors and Music Experience, Rhino Racing, Randy Wise Buick GMC Chevrolet, Western Michigan Fleet Parts, Mother’s Polish, Schaeffer’s Oil, Hepfner Racing Products, Ameriguard Storage Centers, Justice Brothers, Race 1 Wraps, TBM Brakes, Behind Your Design, CharlieBaur.com and Northwood University. “There are so many people who invest not only in myself but in my race team and who believe in us to succeed,” he added. Pictured: Charlie Bauer’s sprint race car. Looking ahead: A headline worth chasing Ask Baur to imagine 2035, and he’ll give you two answers — one dream, one blueprint. “In a perfect world,” he said, “winning the Indy 500.” Realistically, he wants to build a life where business ownership and racing reinforce each other and where he can pay forward the help he has received by mentoring younger drivers, especially those trying to break into motorsports without a family legacy. “When I retire from full-time racing, I want to be able to provide the same opportunities that were presented to myself to the next generation of drivers,” Baur said. “I know how difficult it is to get your foot in the door.” For now, the focus is simple: keep building the operation, keep learning the business, and keep showing up prepared — because in sprint car racing, as in life, process matters. And once the helmet goes on? “It’s go time,” Baur said. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Learn more Students interested in motorsports careers — whether in competition, team operations, marketing, finance, sponsorship, data, or management — can explore opportunities through Northwood University’s Center for Automotive and Mobility Studies. For Charlie Baur’s latest motorsports adventures, follow Charlie_Baur and Charlie Baur Racing on social media. To learn more about Northwood’s Bachelor of Business Administration in Automotive and Mobility Studies and motorsports management concentration, visit www.northwood.edu/programs/automotive-mobility-studies/. Photo courtesy of Charlie Baur Pictured: Charlie Baur at Butler Motor Speedway on May 31, 2026. Share this page
Weapon Systems Acquisition: Beyond Business as Usual—Using Leading Practices to Curb Waste and Save Billions
Since 1990, DOD’s costliest weapon programs have consistently exceeded cost estimates and delivery schedules—wasting billions of dollars and decades...
Yakima's insurance company authorizes appeal of verdict in ex-business owner's plaza lawsuit
Since the city has already met its $100,000 insurance deductible in the case, CIAW is bearing the costs of the case and could decide whether to appeal.
OU Extends Long-Term Partnership with Learfield’s Sooner Sports Properties; Sooner Evolution Center Announced
Under the extended agreement, Oklahoma and Learfield will build the Sooner Evolution Center, an on-campus, state-of-the-art facility that will continue to gr...
Why Toronto's Dylan Cease presents a different challenge for Phillies
Dylan Cease has expanded his pitch mix and missed bats at an elite rate, giving the Phillies a much different look Tuesday in Toronto.
Letters: Citizens United upended politics | Uncle Lou and the rule of law | UFC is a step too far
The 2010 court case, which brought corporate influence squarely into the middle of elections, tipped the scales.
Why this teen founder walked away from his multimillion-dollar company
MyFitnessPal acquired Cal AI, an AI-powered calorie-tracking app that 19-year-old Zach Yadegari cofounded while he was in high school, last year.
A first test for Platner and other key races to watch in Tuesday’s primaries in Maine and beyond
Primaries in four states on Tuesday will offer clues about how much tolerance voters have for candidates embroiled in controversies, while testing President Donald Trump’s sway in a crowded Republican primary and setting up a key race for governor in one of the country’s premier presidential battleground states.
Alaskans Reel From the Loss of National Science Foundation Ocean-Monitoring Instruments
In the nation’s fastest-warming state with a multi-billion-dollar fishing industry and storm-threatened coastal communities, scientists say the federal government’s decommission of a deepwater sensor system is ill-timed and wrong-headed.
Shevrin Jones launches CD 24 bid, calls for ‘a new generation of leadership’
Jones launches his campaign from the church founded by his parents in Pembroke Pines.
Unique Nebraska business offers retail storefront for farmers
Rural residents near O’Neill banded together to open a store where they could market their home-raised meat and other farm products.
Earl Stonham A140/A1120 junction business case could cost £1.35m
The council wants to simplify the A140 junction at Earl Stonham with the A1120.
Spurs bounce back in The Garden
Nekias Duncan and Steve Jones dive into the Game 3 action from MSG.
Hagley business owner losing 'thousands' to copycats
Lauren Aston gained a following after Claudia Winkleman wore one of her designs on The Traitors.
Alcohol study discarded by Trump officials is published in scientific journal
A government-commissioned study had been meant to inform new dietary guidelines, and found risks associated with even light drinking.
Diamondbacks make a splash for two-way player Junsang Eom
PHOENIX — The Arizona Diamondbacks are reportedly closing in on a deal with a widely regarded No. 2 prospect for the upcoming KBO Draft.
Fontainebleau Las Vegas adds new sports artifacts to its Hall of Excellence exhibits
Fontainebleau Las Vegas’ Hall of Excellence added new sports artifacts, including a Jack Eichel game-worn jersey, Golden Knights championship items, Aces rings, Rafael Nadal gear and more.
Carolina Country Music Festival brings business boost to Myrtle Beach
Businesses along Ocean Boulevard reported a busy weekend as thousands of people flooded the Grand Strand for the Carolina Country Music Festival.
North Carolina nut butter company grows from love story into award-winning business
"We really bonded over our love of food and cooking and how food brings people together."
Tennessee baseball lands transfer Brody Trosclair from Northwestern State
Tennessee baseball landed its second transfer of the offseason when Northwestern State transfer pitcher Brody Trosclair committed to the Vols.
Rams dreaming of the possibility of an Aaron Donald comeback
Retired defensive lineman Aaron Donald is "flirting" with a comeback after the Rams traded for edge rusher Myles Garrett last week.
Report: Arkansas softball shortstop Atalyia Rijo enters transfer portal
As a senior this year, Rijo recorded offensive career highs with a .342 batting average, 13 doubles, 7 home runs and 42 RBI
UNC football lands three-star quarterback
The UNC football program landed a commitment from a three-star QB out of texas.
iOS 27 Tidbits: Share a Phone Number on Two iPhones, Independent Alarm Volume, Faster AirPlay and More
At the WWDC 2026 keynote, Apple detailed iOS 27 changes like a new version of Siri with a dedicated Siri app and Apple Intelligence features across multiple apps, but there are dozens of smaller but still important changes that Apple didn't have time to go through. Apple shared an image summarizing some of the bug fixes and optimizations it made in iOS 27, iPadOS 27, and macOS 27, and there are some interesting changes.
Tim Cook Delivers Farewell Remarks at His Last Apple Keynote as CEO
Tim Cook closed out what is expected to be his last keynote as Apple's chief executive officer today with some emotive final remarks. Wrapping up a pre-recorded video message, Cook reflected on his tenure at the company. "Some of the highlights of my time as CEO have been events like this, sharing powerful new tools with all of you," he said, adding that what developers create with Apple's platforms has been "a constant reminder that imagination has no limits".
Apple plays catch-up at WWDC
Apple spent much of its WWDC keynote highlighting fixes, performance improvements, and long-requested features before unveiling its upgraded AI-powered Siri, signaling that the company wants users to see AI as just one part of a broader effort to improve its software.
Colorado Scales Back Software and Other Business Tax Exemptions
Colorado Gov. Jared Polis (D) signed legislation repealing a series of business tax exemptions to raise revenue for an expanded working families tax credit and balance out revenue gaps resulting from President Donald Trump’s 2025 tax law.
Beachwood road closed during mental health crisis response, police say
The Beachwood Police Department responded to a report of a person experiencing a mental health crisis early Monday afternoon.
Star Trek star's family awarded $13M in heart failure malpractice case
Nichelle Nichols, who played Lt. Uhura in Star Trek, died from undiagnosed and untreated heart failure after seeking medical treatment.
We can create the future of science right now
Paul Litvak is the founder and Executive Director of the Robyn Dawes Institute and a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley. He has a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research from Carnegie Mellon where he studied emotions and the sunk cost bias. Over 15 years in industry, he solved a wide range of challenging technical problems. At Meta he created models optimizing the ad review process. At Google he ran experiments to measure social influence. At Airbnb, he was a product manager leading machine learning teams optimizing search ranking and price suggestions. He also co-founded and led product at Rhythmic Health, a venture-backed biosensing startup, creating an accurate low cost system using a color changing strip and a smart phone to measure salivary lactate. The bottleneck At this point, it is uncontroversial to say that science needs to stop using the PDF article as the unit of knowledge and currency. The unbearable slowness of scientific publishing, the profit motive and margins: I’m not saying anything new. The PDF also sucks because it’s hard to extract structured information, which makes it hard to do evidence synthesis. As a result, we do much less evidence synthesis than is needed. And evidence synthesis ultimately undergirds most policy and medical decision-making. I can see second-by-second real-time odds for any sporting or newsworthy event, but a school board can’t see the best evidence on whether their 8th graders should be taught algebra. As a society, we don’t treat this as an important problem. Again, not controversial. Not only is the problem well understood, but the solution has already been laid out. What we need is AI-assisted living evidence synthesis - (1) an open knowledge graph of atomic claims, (2) claims linked to evidence, (3) assessment and synthesis of each piece of evidence, and (4) continuous updating with new data. What few realize (yet) is that the technical capacity to build this vision for a significant portion of science already exists. Not only that, scientists and startup teams are already building many of these components. I know this because I’ve been surveying the space and talking to many of the builders. There are some missing pieces: for example, evaluations of how well some of the components work. But at this point, most of what’s missing is a fully end-to-end working integration of all of these parts. In the rest of this essay, I’m going to lay out all the parts of a working living evidence layer for science and who is working on them, and propose concrete next steps for building this system. What’s now possible The diagram above outlines the components of a living evidence synthesis platform, including some of the teams working on each component1. Scientific PDFs are processed into claims with associated evidence. The evidence is subjected to a forensic audit, methodological evaluation and robustness and reproducibility checks. Finally it’s given a weight in a continuously updating synthesis. What follows is a description and status of each component and a few of the teams working on them. Document understanding The first thing you need to be able to do is turn an article into structured data. Mostly that means parsing PDFs. There are often multicolumn layouts that confuse non-specialized PDF to text processing libraries. For scientific papers, there is the added complexity of parsing formulas and tables and figures. This is a really hot area - there are startups offering APIs, and it seems like a new open source package gets posted to Github every few weeks. What follows isn’t exhaustive. A package called GROBID was the state of the art for a while, they didn’t update their package for nearly two years until very recently. In the meantime reducto.ai released an AI powered PDF extraction API, PaddleOCR became popular, IBM released a model called Docling, and both Mistral and Gemini created models and libraries. I also know of at least one other well-funded psychology research group working on a paper parser. By contrast, there are few open evals in this space, with no extensive evals for complex table comprehension in particular. Nonetheless, I’m confident this will be a solved problem soon, given the combination of LLM advances and developer interest. Hypothesis level extraction There has been increasing interest in comprehending the extracted text of papers and linking information to evidence for each hypothesis. A lot of work has already been done. Trialstreamer (Marshall et al. 2020) and RobotReviewer LIVE (Marshall et al. 2023) demonstrated automated extraction of trial population, intervention, and outcome at scale on clinical RCTs. PaperQA2 (Skarlinski et al. 2024) and Ai2 ScholarQA (2024) extended this to retrieval-augmented question answering with citation grounding. Elicit, Consensus, and SciSpace operationalized claim-level extraction for end users. OpenEval (Booeshaghi et al. 2026) is the most recent and most ambitious: 1.96 million atomic claims extracted from 16,087 eLife manuscripts using Claude Sonnet 4.5, grouped into ~299,000 results, with LLM evaluations showing 81% agreement with human peer review on a 2,487-paper subset. None of these solutions link claims to test-statistics, as you would need to evaluate randomized controlled trials. This is why I built the evidence.guide API - to extract hypotheses and associated test statistics from behavioral science papers. The best public eval of this kind of extraction I’m aware of comes from the recent SCORE project - they had humans code thousands of psychology papers to extract their claims by hand. It would be extremely helpful to the world if all scientific PDFs were available as structured open data. I’ve been working to make this happen, both directly at Berkeley and through coordination with large entities I can’t yet speak of; as hard as it is to do, I think it’s possible2. Forensic audit A lot of work has been done on forensic audit, but some gaps remain. Of course, for biology papers that rely on images for evidence, there are a variety of tools (notably Proofig and ImageTwin) to spot anomalies. These are still well short of what sleuths like Elizabeth Bik can do on her own, but these tools are constant companions among fraud analysts. There’s someone working on auditing Excel files for anomalies, and a number of teams are automating numerical checks like GRIM and SPRITE, including Scrutiny project, the INSPECT-SR team as well as statcheck. The regcheck team is building a way to use AI to compare preregistrations to analyses in papers, to ensure there aren’t significant deviations. Nonetheless, there are many other kinds of anomalies to screen for, both public and less publicly known. And there are no formal evals for anomaly detection that I’m aware of. Still, there’s a lot to draw from in this space and I’m pretty certain we will be able to scan papers for most kinds of obvious anomalies in the near future. Methodological review This area has been white hot, though I fear for many of the startups in this space, because this capability may become commoditized. There are at least six different AI peer review companies, including Refine.ink, Reviewer3, ReviewerZero.ai, Q.E.D. Science, Paper Wizard, and Isitcredible. Coarse (a pun on refine) was also recently created as an open source alternative. These systems provide qualitative feedback on the content of papers, spotting methodological weaknesses and mathematical errors. They seem to work pretty well, and many academics report bitterly that they exceed the average quality of typical peer reviewers. But there are few evals here either. What evals exist so far involve using LLM-as-judge (circularity problems abound) or comparing against human reviews of questionable quality. What you’d ideally want is an eval that measures capturing known errors in papers3. Reproducibility and robustness Another active area has been using AI agents to automate computational reproducibility4 and robustness5 checks in papers that report numerical results. For more recent papers where data and code are available, AI agents can see whether they can re-run the analyses and produce the numbers reported in the published paper. In addition to a handful of individual academics who have been experimenting using Claude Code for this, the Institute for Replication is a leading group working on building an end to end system. The evals related to this problem are the most mature, with CORE-Bench (Siegel, Kapoor, Narayanan 2024) and PaperBench (OpenAI 2025) available to benchmark agents on this task. There is also work on getting AI agents to test alternative ways of analyzing the data to ensure the results are robust to small analytic design choices. Synthesis This is the most underdeveloped area where significant investment is required. Although some automated evidence synthesis systems exist — for example, otto-sr is building an AI agent to write systematic reviews — none of these incorporate the full range of paper level signals to weight evidence appropriately. Nor is there anything like an eval or a gold standard for a good systematic review. Arguably Cochrane reviews are the closest we have to gold standard human systematic reviews, though I’ve heard academics in the know complain about their uneven quality. A key question for a synthesis platform is how to weight anomalies and methodological issues in assessing the quality of a piece of evidence. This is an unsolved problem and one I’m very keen to work on. Continuous updating There are many pieces of basic infrastructure available for monitoring for new research and initiating updates. OpenAlex is the current open citation graph. Retraction Watch integrated into Crossref in October 2023. Scite tracks how citations support, contrast, or mention prior claims. The Living Evidence Network demonstrated continuous-update workflows in clinical guidelines. Engineering this is a relatively straightforward task. When you look over this technical architecture and all the progress being made, it’s hard not to be optimistic that a living guide to scientific evidence will be built. The stakeholders are ready The social infrastructure for this is starting to coalesce — it’s not just a pie in the sky academic exercise to imagine this coming into existence. Institutions like the Center for Open Science, the Institute for Replication, the INSPECT-SR, the Living Evidence Network and more are all working on scaling work to improve research quality. Funders are also aligned. The Sloan Foundation has funded living evidence work through COS. Coefficient Giving supports the Institute for Replication and COS. The Astera Institute and the Institute for Progress have shown interest in this space. NIH has established an Office for Replication and Reproducibility. Although there are (very unfortunately) serious headwinds in science funding generally, there is an active group of funders interested in metascience. A brief word about what I’ve been doing at RDI. First, as a Visiting Scholar at Berkeley I’ve been actively figuring out how a non-profit and a public university can conduct and make public the results of large-scale academic article data mining. With some of the money I raised from donors, I commissioned a legal analysis of recent case law and publisher text data mining (TDM) agreements in order to understand whether a massive open data mining of academic articles is possible (with caveats, it is). I’ve also been working to bring together stakeholders in this space, and identify gaps. I’ve also been doing some software development in this space, with more to come. A pilot proposal The assumption undergirding all of this is that an AI, given all this information, would make the right judgment about a scientific claim with lots of conflicting evidence, weighing all the factors appropriately. That’s the hypothesis we need to test. Randomized control trial research is the best place to focus on first. RCTs are used to make many of the important decisions in society - from medical trials to public policy changes. And they use a relatively uniform set of inferential statistics with lots of known and available diagnostics. Behavioral science experiments, within the broader realm of RCTs, should be first used as a testbed whose results can be generalized. Because behavioral science is at the vanguard of open science practices, replications abound (there are thousands of them) to serve as ground truth training data. Key Hypothesis Therefore the pilot would test, in behavioral RCTs that have been replicated, whether the quality of evidence for a claim can be used to accurately predict whether that claim will replicate. Secondary Hypotheses Compared to claims that replicated, non-replicated claims demonstrate a greater share of forensic anomalies in their source literatures. Hypothesis level claim and statistic extraction is accurate enough to scale living evidence without onerous human review costs. Replication prediction is more accurate than prediction markets6 or journal prestige. If all the different quality signals we gather do accurately predict which studies will replicate, then we can use that model to score evidence to power the living evidence layer. Why this is informative regardless of outcome If the pilot succeeds, the architecture extends to medical RCTs (where Living Evidence already operates and integration is mostly about claim representation), then to slices of basic biology with stable replication structure. If it fails, the field learns which quality signals are load-bearing and which ones metascience has oversold. Either result is a contribution to knowing what the literature supports. Implications for funders Because this burgeoning ecosystem of builders already exists, a well-informed philanthropic or government funder could play a crucial catalyzing role in bringing this future about. They could play at least three roles: creating open structured datasets, publishing open benchmarks and incentivizing the solving of key technical challenges. First, open archives of papers that the government maintains, like PubMed, could be turned into structured data amenable to large scale metascience and claim aggregation. I know the US government already has an interest in doing this, though some key open questions remain unanswered. How do you determine the best models and systems for accurately extracting information from papers? How can you establish a robust way to allow researchers to flag errors and correct them? And finally, how do you create a legal regime in working with publishers to maximize the scope of available papers? For the latter, a university or a private philanthropy may be better positioned to make structured data publicly available under journal subscription terms or fair use. Philanthropists or government funders could also coordinate to create or commission benchmarks that evaluate whether important problems have been solved. For example, an open benchmark for claim extraction from a range of different scientific article types would be extremely helpful. Ensuring the underlying data are accurate is vital for creating these evaluations. I’ve discussed opportunistically using various human-created datasets for this purpose, but a consistent problem is that errors in human data make it difficult for them to serve as a gold standard. Finally, with structured data and benchmarks available, the government or private philanthropy could use them to incentivize groups to develop machine learning systems that meet these benchmarks. Prizes are one potentially valuable tool for this. For example, you could establish a prize for a system that accurately updates a living meta-analysis for a small set of claims. Prizes are particularly useful as signals of problem importance, and can help create vibrant ecosystems of public and private research—see, for example the role the government played in kickstarting the current work on nuclear fusion. Conclusion The drawbacks of the current scientific publishing system are known. Scientists agree, metascientists agree, philanthropists agree: the published PDF plus citation graph isn’t the right substrate for maintaining a representation of the evidence base in science. The pieces needed to build the alternative either already exist or are rapidly taking shape. The community is forming around exactly this problem, with concrete partnerships and shared infrastructure. A pilot should start on behavioral science RCTs because that’s the slice of empirical science most amenable to legibility, where replication ground truth is richest, and where the failure modes are best documented. What’s been missing is the galvanizing mission to assemble these pieces into something that works. That’s what I’m proposing to build. *** 1 I have a broader field map that I’ll release publicly soon. This is me, building in public! 2 If this is something that you are excited about, please reach out and talk to me. 3 More on this very soon too! 4 This tests whether, given the code and the data, you can get the same statistics as reported in the published paper. 5 This tests whether the results are the same as a paper’s given alternative analytical decisions in conducting the analysis (like outlier omission). Closely related is the idea of a “multiverse” where you come up with many different ways of answering the same underlying research question with the same data, and test whether the results hold in all those alternative methods. There’s been work on the latter as well. 6 Some of the replications, e.g. those from the SCORE project, had paired the experiments with forecasts from prediction markets. So we get to look at this for free.
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