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Rams Deliver Ominous Potential Timeline for Myles Garrett After Surgery
Los Angeles Rams head coach Sean McVay offered an ominous update on a potential timeline for Myles Garrett to return. The post Rams Deliver Ominous Potential Timeline for Myles Garrett After Surgery appeared first on HEAVY.
‘Healthy and Delicious Can Coexist’: Experts Discuss Making Food More Joyful and Sustainable
Cécile Beliot-Zind, Ertharin Cousin, Vikas Khanna, and Marcus Samuelsson spoke on a panel at TIME100 Talks: Architecting Healthier Food Systems for All.
Kayak Clarifies Position in Business Travel Marketplace
Kayak for Business is looking to broaden its appeal beyond its enterprise configuration with Blockskye, targeting SMEs as well as large clients. SVP Eva Fouquet told BTN's Elizabeth West the company also is pursuing a hybrid strategy, developing AI capabilities while maintaining traditional online booking options as traveler trust develops.
Mike Vrabel Reveals Reason for Patriots' Drake Maye's Struggles
Drake Maye and the Patriots' offense haven't done enough yet.
Pacers’ Pascal Siakam Receives Harsh Label in New NBA Study
With the NBA preseason approaching, a new salary analysis has identified which players provided the strongest and weakest returns relative to their contracts last season. Indiana Pacers forward Pascal Siakam claimed the study’s most unforgiving distinction.Casino Guru USA ranked him as the NBA’s most overpaid player after comparing 2026-27 cap charges with production from the […] The post Pacers’ Pascal Siakam Receives Harsh Label in New NBA Study appeared first on HEAVY.
Takeaways from Mike Vrabel's press conference after win over Steelers
Patriots coach Mike Vrabel had several key takeaways when speaking with reporters after the Week 2 win over the Steelers.
Giants WR Malik Nabers returns to game vs. Rams after leaving with shoulder injury
Nabers came up clutching his shoulder in pain after failing to grab a contested pass late in the first quarter.
Malik Nabers exits MNF with shoulder injury
New York Giants wide receiver Malik Nabers left the Week 2 game against the Los Angeles Rams in the first half due to a shoulder injury
Being run over by pitch roller was 'terrifying'
Townsend says he was lucky to only escape from under the roller with a few "bumps and bruises".
Siena women's basketball opens practice with sights set on Fairfield
Siena, seeking its first Metro title since 2001, opens the season Nov. 2 against Brown at UHY Center.
Plastic business in Endicott cited for DEC violations, faces thousands in fines
Resident complaints led to a DEC evaluation of the facility and surrounding area
As Howard County ice cream business grows, so does its charitable acts
A Howard County ice cream business has become so popular that it regularly sells out within minutes.
Mobile Health Units continue service to Valley communities
Fresno State’s Mobile Health Unit program is back on the road for the fall 2026 semester, offering free healthcare services to residents throughout the San Joaquin Valley. Services include diabetes and blood pressure screenings, health and wellness assessments, referrals and flu vaccinations at most locations. Coordinated by the School of Nursing, the program provides nursing […]
Pacers Receive Top-15 NBA Preseason Power Ranking From Yahoo Sports
The Indiana Pacers got a top-15 NBA preseason power ranking from Yahoo Sports. Find out where they landed.
Cincinnati, Northern Kentucky high school football Week 6 schedule
Check out Cincinnati, Northern Kentucky and Southeast Indiana's high school football schedule for Week 6 of the 2026 season.
Aging Untold: Why gut health matters more as you age
On this episode of Aging Untold, we sort fact from fad when it comes to gut health, exploring why digestive wellness matters more as you age. Plus, we look at why some happily married couples stay together but choose to live in separate homes and how they make it work.
Aging Untold: Why gut health matters more as you age
On this episode of Aging Untold, we sort fact from fad when it comes to gut health, exploring why digestive wellness matters more as you age. Plus, we look at why some happily married couples stay together but choose to live in separate homes and how they make it work.
Aging Untold: Why gut health matters more as you age
On this episode of Aging Untold, we sort fact from fad when it comes to gut health, exploring why digestive wellness matters more as you age. Plus, we look at why some happily married couples stay together but choose to live in separate homes and how they make it work.
Aging Untold: Why gut health matters more as you age
On this episode of Aging Untold, we sort fact from fad when it comes to gut health, exploring why digestive wellness matters more as you age. Plus, we look at why some happily married couples stay together but choose to live in separate homes and how they make it work.
Raiders Week 2 snap counts vs Chargers
How did the Raiders players stack up in the snaps for their Week two matchup with the Chargers.
Former Falmouth Resident Wins Grammy As Recording Engineer
Former Falmouth resident Matthew Soares recently received a Grammy Award as a recording engineer for his contribution to “I Will Not Be Moved (Live)” by The Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir. The
THE WEEK OF SEPT 21, 2026
- White House floats $100K fee for graduate workers - OMB seeks more power over NIH grants - Federal layoffs balloon spending on paid leave
Steubenville mayor cites new businesses, future plans as population rises
Steubenville leaders say a wave of new business activity and infrastructure investment is arriving alongside a population increase, a combination they believe i
MLB’s Fixed Bracket Could Punish the AL’s Best Teams
The league’s postseason format is generating a fresh round of controversy.
Google opens pre-orders for $899 Googlebook laptops built around Gemini AI
Alphabet's Google on Monday opened pre-orders for Googlebook, its new premium laptop category for Android users built around the company's Gemini AI tools.
Notre Dame Gave Alessio Milivojevic a Reality Check
A relentless Fighting Irish defense shattered the Spartan quarterback’s composure, turning a promising start into a turnover-laden struggle that reveals the steep learning curve for the young starter.
Democrats differ over campaign funding flap - Illinois Times, the capital city's source of news, politics, arts, entertainment, culture
My associate Isabel Miller and I told subscribers earlier this month that Democrats for the Illinois House had been suddenly cut off from the Democratic Party of Illinois’ lucrative postage discount program, which can save as much as a third to a half of campaign postage costs. Afterward, an extraordinary interaction occurred between the executive […]
How Issues With Your Feet Could Signal Bigger Health Issues
As your body’s foundation, issues with your feet can create a domino effect with the rest of your health. Dr. Ebonie Vincent-Sleet, podiatrists and one of the stars of TLC’s “My Feet Are Killing Me,” joins TODAY to break down remedies for common issues, when you should see a doctor, and the possible warning signs your feet could be giving you about diabetes, heart failure and more.
CECAS recognizes inaugural Global Scholars and Dean’s Scholar Fellows
Those recognized were: Shane Abercrombie, Sumter Archer, Tiffany-Marie Baako, Colleen Clarke, Kylie Folkes, Bryson Hedrick, Sara Henry, Joshua Hoggatt, Taylor Hopkins, Azrin Jamison, Mengdi “Hansen” Li, Robert Lowery, Quincey Miller, Ben Simon, Madison Smith, Arabella Stockdale, Steven Szachara, Tianke “Kirk” Wang and Aidan Wolynn.
Some Kerr County businesses still closed, struggling to recover 8+ weeks after July 2026 floods
Our worst performance of the season
West Bromwich Albion defender Conor Townsend labels their Black Country derby 1-0 loss to Wolverhampton Wanderers their "worst performance of the season".
Trump's 'grand conspiracy' probe presses on with subpoenas after the lead prosecutor’s exit
Justice Department officials are pressing forward with an investigation of President Donald Trump's foes despite the departure of prosecutor Joe diGenova, who had been leading it for months.
15 Annoying Movies We’re Tired of Being Told to Watch
Some movies don’t feel like they’re being recommended to us in good faith. You hear about them from friends, relatives, coworkers, awards shows, social media, and eventually someone who looks genuinel...
Arsenal fixture list for all 18 September-October internationals
18 Arsenal players have been called up for international duty over the September-October break, let’s take a look at when they’ll be in action.Photo by Elsa/Getty ImagesArsenal have received plent...
Starbucks baristas reel from surges in health insurance costs: ‘I’m considering a second job’
Several workers say they’re opting to go without health coverage due to premium costs soaring this year
Suno made a new AI music model with major labels. Here's what it means
Record labels that sued AI music companies are now licensing them. But payouts are undisclosed, lawsuits continue and musicians ask who benefits.
How violent West Bank settlers are threatening Israel’s alliance with America
It’s so bad now even Mike Huckabee is recoiling.
Keane presence at Celtic Park defeat played down
Despite many putting two-and-two together following Roy Keane's appearance at Sunday's defeat by Rangers, the former Celtic midfielder and friend of under pressure current boss Martin O'Neill made it abundantly clear on the most recent Stick to Football podcast he would never attend a game with the ulterior motive of replacing a manager. Reacting to Celtic's defeat by Rangers, Roy Keane remarked to Celtic AM that it was the "ups and downs of football".
Keane presence at Celtic Park defeat played down
Roy Keane's appearance at Celtic Park as Martin O'Neill ponders his future as manager is played down as Aberdeen's Findlay Marshall expresses relief at not being sent out on loan.
High diesel prices pressure Colorado agriculture
Silage harvest has begun in earnest in Colorado, and the choppers and trucks and pack tractors are all rolling and making east-slope mountains of cow chow. The silage will be used as part of cattle rations at dairies, ranches and feedyards across the area and the availability and growing conditions for silage and the state’s […]
Suki Waterhouse Announces December Tour Dates, Timed Close to Robert Pattinson's Next Blockbuster Release
The English singer's major-label debut album was released over the summer.
Suki Waterhouse Announces December Tour Dates, Timed Close to Robert Pattinson's Next Blockbuster Release
The English singer's major-label debut album was released over the summer.
🗞️ The derby row explodes on Monday's front pages
Atlético de Madrid's victory over Real Madrid (2-1) dominates the sports front pages this Monday. A heated derby, marked by José Mourinho's harsh criticism of the refereeing establishment, shares th...
Culturally Relevant Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Care Strategies
(Feature Impact) Driven by rising rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and other risk factors, cardiovascular disease has surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death among Hispanic adults in the United States. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('fixed-big-ad-top-asset'); }); Hispanic people represent nearly 1 in 5 of the U.S. population and are the nation’s largest ethnic minority group, yet many continue to face barriers to achieving heart health and accessing high-quality healthcare. A new scientific statement published in the American Heart Association’s flagship journal, “Circulation,” revealed how social, economic, cultural and environmental factors contribute to persistent disparities in cardiovascular health, calling for culturally tailored prevention strategies, equitable access to care and greater representation of Hispanic populations in cardiovascular research.“Hispanic populations in the U.S. are incredibly diverse even within their own communities with differences in genetic ancestry, language, cultural traditions and social experiences that can significantly influence cardiovascular health,” said Johanna Contreras, M.D., M.Sc., FAHA, director of the Division of Heart Failure and medical director of the Hispanic Heart Center within the Mount Sinai Health System. “Yet Hispanic people remain underrepresented overall in the research that guides prevention and treatment strategies… Without better representation and more detailed data, we risk overlooking important differences that can help us improve care and save lives.”Hispanic Cardiovascular Health by the NumbersCardiovascular risk factors – obesity (nearly 46%), type 2 diabetes (15.5%) and high blood pressure (approximately 44%) – are prevalent among Hispanic adults and often emerge at younger ages and occur more frequently among Hispanic adults compared with white adults.According to the report, only about 1 in 5 Hispanic adults achieves ideal cardiovascular health as defined by the American Heart Association’s original Life’s Simple 7 metrics. Updated analyses using the Life’s Essential 8 framework demonstrated persistent disparities for heart and brain health, as well as suboptimal dietary quality, sleep patterns and levels of physical activity.Social and Economic Barriers MatterBiology alone does not explain cardiovascular health disparities. The environments where people live, work and age, along with social and economic challenges, impact heart health. In fact, approximately 17% of Hispanics live below the federal poverty threshold, compared with 8.2% of white adults. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('fixed-big-ad-middle-asset'); }); “Many Hispanic adults face obstacles that extend far beyond the doctor’s office,” Contreras said. “Limited health insurance coverage, language differences, food insecurity, environmental exposures and concerns related to immigration status can make it more difficult to prevent disease, manage chronic conditions and receive timely treatment.”Contreras emphasized the cultural values and practices of Hispanic people also influence how they perceive their health and healthcare options.“Family plays a central role in many Hispanic communities and can be an extraordinary source of strength, support and resilience,” Contreras said. “At the same time, family members are often called upon to translate medical information, navigate health systems and help make healthcare decisions for loved ones. Those responsibilities can shape how health information is understood and acted upon.”An Action Plan for Improving Hispanic HealthThere are practical opportunities to achieve equitable cardiovascular health and reduce disparities through community engagement, culturally responsive care, inclusive research and policies that address the underlying drivers of health.“Reducing cardiovascular disease among Hispanic populations demands action at every level,” Contreras said, “from improving access to culturally responsive care and expanding research participation to addressing the social and environmental conditions that shape health.”By addressing both medical risk factors and the social conditions that shape health, experts believe there is an important opportunity to reduce disparities and help more people live longer, healthier lives. Learn more at Heart.org.Photo courtesy of Shutterstock googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('fixed-big-ad-bottom-asset'); });
Culturally Relevant Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Care Strategies
(Feature Impact) Driven by rising rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and other risk factors, cardiovascular disease has surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death among Hispanic adults in the United States.Hispanic people represent nearly 1 in 5 of the U.S. population and are the nation’s largest ethnic minority group, yet many continue to face barriers to achieving heart health and accessing high-quality healthcare. A new scientific statement published in the American Heart Association’s flagship journal, “Circulation,” revealed how social, economic, cultural and environmental factors contribute to persistent disparities in cardiovascular health, calling for culturally tailored prevention strategies, equitable access to care and greater representation of Hispanic populations in cardiovascular research.“Hispanic populations in the U.S. are incredibly diverse even within their own communities with differences in genetic ancestry, language, cultural traditions and social experiences that can significantly influence cardiovascular health,” said Johanna Contreras, M.D., M.Sc., FAHA, director of the Division of Heart Failure and medical director of the Hispanic Heart Center within the Mount Sinai Health System. “Yet Hispanic people remain underrepresented overall in the research that guides prevention and treatment strategies… Without better representation and more detailed data, we risk overlooking important differences that can help us improve care and save lives.”Hispanic Cardiovascular Health by the NumbersCardiovascular risk factors – obesity (nearly 46%), type 2 diabetes (15.5%) and high blood pressure (approximately 44%) – are prevalent among Hispanic adults and often emerge at younger ages and occur more frequently among Hispanic adults compared with white adults.According to the report, only about 1 in 5 Hispanic adults achieves ideal cardiovascular health as defined by the American Heart Association’s original Life’s Simple 7 metrics. Updated analyses using the Life’s Essential 8 framework demonstrated persistent disparities for heart and brain health, as well as suboptimal dietary quality, sleep patterns and levels of physical activity.Social and Economic Barriers MatterBiology alone does not explain cardiovascular health disparities. The environments where people live, work and age, along with social and economic challenges, impact heart health. In fact, approximately 17% of Hispanics live below the federal poverty threshold, compared with 8.2% of white adults.#placement_976606_0_i{width:100%;max-width:550px;margin:0 auto;}var rnd = window.rnd || Math.floor(Math.random()*10e6);var pid976606 = window.pid976606 || rnd;var plc976606 = window.plc976606 || 0;var abkw = window.abkw || '';var absrc = 'https://ads.empowerlocal.co/adserve/;ID=181918;size=0x0;setID=976606;type=js;sw='+screen.width+';sh='+screen.height+';spr='+window.devicePixelRatio+';kw='+abkw+';pid='+pid976606+';place='+(plc976606++)+';rnd='+rnd+';click=CLICK_MACRO_PLACEHOLDER';var _absrc = absrc.split("type=js"); absrc = _absrc[0] + 'type=js;referrer=' + encodeURIComponent(document.location.href) + _absrc[1];document.write('');“Many Hispanic adults face obstacles that extend far beyond the doctor’s office,” Contreras said. “Limited health insurance coverage, language differences, food insecurity, environmental exposures and concerns related to immigration status can make it more difficult to prevent disease, manage chronic conditions and receive timely treatment.”Contreras emphasized the cultural values and practices of Hispanic people also influence how they perceive their health and healthcare options.“Family plays a central role in many Hispanic communities and can be an extraordinary source of strength, support and resilience,” Contreras said. “At the same time, family members are often called upon to translate medical information, navigate health systems and help make healthcare decisions for loved ones. Those responsibilities can shape how health information is understood and acted upon.”An Action Plan for Improving Hispanic HealthThere are practical opportunities to achieve equitable cardiovascular health and reduce disparities through community engagement, culturally responsive care, inclusive research and policies that address the underlying drivers of health.“Reducing cardiovascular disease among Hispanic populations demands action at every level,” Contreras said, “from improving access to culturally responsive care and expanding research participation to addressing the social and environmental conditions that shape health.”By addressing both medical risk factors and the social conditions that shape health, experts believe there is an important opportunity to reduce disparities and help more people live longer, healthier lives. Learn more at Heart.org.Photo courtesy of Shutterstock
Nicholas Sparks Helped Vote a Serial-Killer Drama Into the 100 Best TV Shows of the Century; the...
Jeff Probst, June Squibb and Elisabeth Moss turned in ballots too.
Nicholas Sparks Helped Vote a Serial-Killer Drama Into the 100 Best TV Shows of the Century; the...
Jeff Probst, June Squibb and Elisabeth Moss turned in ballots too.
iFixit Shares iPhone 18 Pro Teardown With Inside Look at New Features
iFixit today published an iPhone 18 Pro and iPhone 18 Pro Max teardown in both article and video formats, providing a closer look inside the new devices. The teardown confirms the battery capacities for the eSIM-only models: iPhone 18 Pro: 4,288 mAh (+0.8% vs. 4,252 mAh for iPhone 17 Pro) iPhone 18 Pro Max: 5,567 mAh (+9.4% vs.
E-bikes: Unsafe or uncertain?
Most parents see benefits and risks of e-bikes for teens and pre-teens. Half of parents are unsure where e-bikes are supposed to be ridden. Parents strongly support helmet requirements, labeling of e-bike types, and better direction on where to ride. Only 1 in 10 parents support a ban on e-bikes.
Illini stifle Salukis; Ohio State preview
Can Illinois translate anything from their win over SIU to their matchup with Ohio State?
Letter: Science fiction becomes climate change reality
From John Barnie, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
Isabelle Harrison leads Toronto in rebounds against New York
Former Lady Vol Isabelle Harrison leads Toronto in rebounds against New York in the WNBA.
Panthers struggling defense finds elixir in Falcons' quarterback debacle
A week after being shredded by the Bears for 59 points, the Panthers' defense found the perfect get-well tonic: Cooper Rush and the Falcons.
Frank Mrvan talks steel industry, possible Chicago Bears move
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Spurs eye £125m move for Gibbs-White
Spurs could move for Morgan Gibbs‑White, JJ Gabriel's next step remains unresolved and Antonio Conte may be lining up his next move.
Devin Booker Reaffirms Long-Term Commitment to Phoenix Suns
Amid rising league-wide volatility, the four-time All-Star embraces a dual role as franchise lifer and veteran mentor, intent on recruiting elite talent to spark a championship resurgence.
Elizabeth Hurley, 61, Poses in Peach Bikini and Shares Sunset Kiss With Billy Ray Cyrus in New Update
Fans were in awe of her ageless beauty as she flaunted her ongoing romance.
Elizabeth Hurley, 61, Poses in Peach Bikini and Shares Sunset Kiss With Billy Ray Cyrus in New Update
Fans were in awe of her ageless beauty as she flaunted her ongoing romance.
Elizabeth Hurley, 61, Poses in Peach Bikini and Shares Sunset Kiss With Billy Ray Cyrus in New Update
Fans were in awe of her ageless beauty as she flaunted her ongoing romance.
MSU football opens as slight underdog against Nebraska this week
Check out the opening betting line for the Spartans-Cornhuskers matchup this upcoming week
Fill your diary with October’s must-catch entertainment
From a mic-swallowing virtuoso, to the story of the first chatbot and Sidney Nolan’s Ned Kelly family reunited at last, there are plenty of reasons to leave the house.
Digging Deeper Into Liverpool’s 1-0 Victory Over Bournemouth
The Reds did what they needed for Iraola’s return to his former club to be a happy one.
Will Cam Whitmore Find Minutes in Nuggets’ 2026-27 Rotation?
Is there a spot for Cam Whitmore on the Denver Nuggets?
Kevin Sorbo to Newsmax: Political Activism in Sports Will Increase
Kevin Sorbo to Newsmax: Political Activism in Sports Will Increase
Man City win surprising thriller but Sunderland expose growing problem
Man City 5-3 Sunderland: Brian Brobbey ran City’s defence ragged and scored a hat-trick, leaving Enzo Maresca plenty to ponder – even in victory
First pediatric medical-behavioral Health Unit opens, Deaconess partners with Evansville Fire Dept
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Capitol View: Political roundtable, economist Mervin Jebaraj
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. – How are the races in the state legislature shaping up? Capitol View host Roby Brock met with Democratic strategist Michael Cook and Republican strategist Grant Hodges to talk about...
'Gray a hard act to follow'
Hibs fans, we asked for your opinions on the 1-1 draw with Aberdeen at Easter Road. John Potter stuck to basically same formats as a David Gray team including his subs. Whoever comes in has a hard act to follow, Gray is a legend.
This Landmark '70s Western Miniseries Everyone's Forgotten About Was Based On A Beloved Book
Verily Health Secures Investment From NVIDIA And CU Healthcare Innovation Fund To Expand Precision Health AI Platform
Verily Health has secured new investment from NVIDIA and existing backer CU Healthcare Innovation Fund II as the precision health technology company expands its data and artificial intelligence platform. The financing extends Verily’s March fundraising. The company did not disclose the size of the additional investments. Verily’s existing investors also include Alphabet, Series X Capital and UCHealth.
This Truth Emerges as Political Situations Change Fast: Maps Show Us Our World, but Not Neutrally
NEW YORK (AP) — Maps. Where would we be without them? And how would we even know? They can anchor us in a place or help us get somewhere else. They can show us global political realities via the drawing of contested country borders. We take it as truth that not only does X mark the spot, it shows us ...
FULL SHOW: Inside INdiana Business 9/20/26
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Cardinals Urged to Target Blue Jays Veteran This Offseason
The St. Louis Cardinals missed the playoffs this season and will need to go back to the drawing board as they look to build a team capable of returning to the postseason next year.With that in mind, the question is which moves they should make to improve the roster and compete with the Chicago Cubs […] The post Cardinals Urged to Target Blue Jays Veteran This Offseason appeared first on HEAVY.
Myanmar Politics
Khin Yi, Lower House Parliament Speaker and newly elected chairman of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), speaks during the party's conference at Party Headquarters in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Aung Shine Oo)
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The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. There are over 300,000 followers of Ground Truths so more than 90,000 folks who can easily convert to be free subscribers. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. If you’re not a subscriber, please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths The proceeds from all voluntary paid subscriptions go to support our summer internship program. It enabled us to accept and support a record number of 62 summer interns that joined us in 2026! These are high school, college and medical students selected from thousands of applicants. We couldn’t do this expanded program without the funds coming in through Ground Truths. Thank you!