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One of Earth’s most powerful supervolcanoes is refilling with fresh magma
Deep beneath Japan’s Kikai caldera, a massive magma reservoir is refilling 7,300 years after one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions in Earth's recent geological history. Scientists used underwater seismic surveys to reveal a vast store of magma that appears to have accumulated since the ancient catastrophe. The discovery could help explain how supervolcanoes like Yellowstone and Toba rebuild their magma supplies.
Tracking tsunamis triggered by extreme weather
As much of Western Europe faced record-breaking temperatures and extended drought this summer, Croatia experienced another weather event that could also set a worrisome precedent.Over the course of two weeks, a series of meteorological tsunamis (meteotsunamis) struck Croatia’s Adriatic coast, alarming both residents and tourists. Social media posts showed flooded seaside promenades and people walking through knee-deep water. Fortunately, no deaths or major damage were reported.In a world where natural disasters seem to be increasing, meteotsunamis — tsunamis caused by rapid weather changes – rarely make headline news. But warming sea temperatures and changing atmospheric conditions may help explain why these phenomena could become more common, especially in shallower seas and inland lakes with wide coastal shelves.“We have definitely become more aware of them, and there have been a lot more reports of these events in the last 10 years,” says Jadranka Šepić, an associate professor of environmental physics at the University of Split whose research focuses on efforts to track meteotsunamis in real time. She is also one of Croatia’s ambassadors for Science Comes to Town (SCTT), a European Commission-funded programme aimed at making research more accessible to the public.Šepić sees two possible reasons for the apparent increase in meteotsunamis. One is that photos and videos shared on social media are providing more empirical evidence, while rising air and sea temperatures could also play a role. The geophysicist “cannot say with certainty” that warming is a contributing factor because research is still ongoing. “But I can say that previously in Croatia we might have had one exceptionally strong event every 10 or 15 years, and one strong event every five years, and within 15 days this summer we had five strong events,” Šepić notes. “This is not typical.”‘A fist against the sea surface’Unlike tsunamis that are triggered by underwater earthquakes or volcanoes, meteotsunamis are caused by sudden changes in atmospheric pressure combined with other rapidly developing weather events, such as thunderstorms. The effect “is like pushing a fist against the sea surface,” Šepić explains. The resulting oscillation intensifies as it reaches shallower water, and “can be far more destructive than a wind-driven wave because meteotsunamis are accompanied by very strong currents than can penetrate much deeper inland.” The meteotsunami, she continues, “then behaves the same as a tsunami — they slow down and grow as the sea shallows, and then grow further in places like harbours due to further shallowing and narrowing. When they come ashore, they can be very destructive — taking everything with them out to sea and then taking it back.”Croatian research institutions have tracked such sea oscillations since the 1930s because the relatively shallow Adriatic Sea is prone to meteotsunamis. The strongest recorded so far was in June 1978, according to the Adriatic Meteotsunami Catalogue, which is supported by the European Research Council (ERC), Croatian Science Foundation and the country’s leading research institutions. During that event, six-metre-high waves flooded the coastal town of Vela Luka on Korčula Island, causing major damage.Other meteotsunami “hotspots” in Europe include the Mediterranean Sea as well the Atlantic coastal shelves off France, Portugal and Spain. In June 2006, a meteotsunami with five-metre-high waves swept through the harbour of Ciutadella in Spain’s Balearic Islands, causing widespread damage to boats. Several less powerful events were reported in the Balearics and off the coast of Spain this summer, leading to some beach closures.Forecasting is challenging because of how quickly meteotsunamis can develop and their uncertain trajectory. Šepić is involved in two ERC-funded research projects — SHExtreme and MeD-Track — aimed in part at strengthening monitoring and real-time data collection. Access to accurate and immediate information is essential for early-warning systems.Early exposure to meteotsunamisŠepić first learned about meteotsunamis from her parents while growing up in Croatia. She later had the opportunity to investigate these events during her master and doctoral studies in geophysics at the University of Zagreb. The geophysicist has also conducted research at the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Split, the University of the Balearic Islands in Palma de Mallorca and the Institute of Ocean Science in the Canadian province of British Columbia.Projects like SCTT are important to raise awareness about research and inspiring young people to pursue studies and careers in science, notes Šepić. She credits her colleagues at the University of Split and the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries for their community outreach and engagement in the European project, which includes partner universities and institutions in Brest (France) and Kiel (Germany). As an example of town-gown collaboration, Šepić highlights her own university’s ‘Oceanographers on the Island’ programme. This initiative offers workshops and hands-on learning for children living on numerous Croatian islands.“It is a great privilege for Split to be involved in a project like Science Comes to Town, which is the first of its kind in the European Union," Šepić says. As for encouraging new generations of scientists, “This is a great effort, and I hope that we will see an effect in a few years.”Science|Business, which connects policymakers, academics and industry through its news reporting, analysis and events, is an SCTT partner.
Beyond the textbook: Bringing real science into the classroom
Forget baking soda volcanoes! Some high school students are getting hands-on experience with real genomic research. We talk with educators about how partnerships with working scientists are bringing cutting-edge science into the classroom.
Scientists discover a surprising twist in Japan's 7,300-year-old volcanic apocalypse
A catastrophic volcanic eruption 7,300 years ago devastated Japan, but new research reveals that its impact on prehistoric populations was far more complex than previously believed. While some communities disappeared or declined, others unexpectedly flourished as survivors migrated, adapted, and found new ways to thrive.
Iceland will tunnel into a volcano to tap into virtually unlimited geothermal power
Iceland's Krafla Magma Testbed project aims to transform renewable energy by tapping into a volcano's magma chamber.
A Giant Cloud Appears on Mars Every Morning. Scientists Finally Think They Know Why.
An enormous Martian volcano may create clouds through a process never before observed in nature.
Six mysterious structures found deep underground—scientists stunned by the discovery - Futura-Sciences
The Hidden Machinery Deep Below Earth isn’t just about tectonic plates shifting, volcanoes erupting, or the planet’s magnetic field shielding your compass. Our planet is an immense, complex machine, with gears grinding not only on the surface, but especially deep within. Numerous clues, mainly from seismic data, suggest that the...
One geology step closer to the Moon
As we prepare to return to the Moon, Europe’s leading geology training for astronauts PANGAEA celebrates its 10th anniversary turning extraordinary places on Earth into classrooms for space exploration.
Scientists use Pompeii’s exact eruption date to make volcano dating far more precise
Scientists used precisely recorded date of the Vesuvius eruption that buried Pompeii to make argon-argon dating significantly more accurate.
Scientists explain catastrophic Yellowstone eruption scenario
“Imagine the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs. There’s not really much you can do to prepare for that,” Iacovino said.
'1.3 billion premature deaths': Scientists give frightening play-by-play of hypothetical Yellowstone supervolcano eruption
Scientists stunned as volcano cloud starts destroying methane
The Hunga Tonga eruption may have triggered a surprising chemical reaction that destroyed some of the methane released into the atmosphere. Scientists say the discovery could reshape estimates of methane pollution and inspire new methods for slowing near-term global warming.
A night of fire: Krakatau’s eruption amazes scientists with rare spectacle - Futura-Sciences
A Legendary Volcano With a Fearsome Reputation Krakatau (or Krakatoa, for those fond of old spelling bees) is not just any volcano: it’s a name that echoes through the annals of disaster. Most famously, its 1883 eruption unleashed the loudest sound ever recorded by humans, with the bang heard as...
Global warming is breaking a 400-year climate link between two oceans
The Indian and Pacific oceans have been climatically linked for centuries, but scientists say that connection is now breaking down in an exceptional way. Ancient climate records suggest volcanoes disrupted the relationship in the past, while today human-caused warming appears to be driving a much more unusual shift.
Porsche built a brand new 911 car just so it could climb the world's highest volcano standing at over 22,000ft
Porsche once built a brand new 911 car just so it could climb the world's highest volcano - and it wasn't even their first attempt
Experts just found an enormous volcano lurking under England
454 million years ago, an eruption as powerful as several thousand hydrogen bombs tore through the English east coast
Scientists uncover 149 species new to science on ancient Indian Ocean seamounts near Australia
Researchers examining ancient underwater volcanoes identified 149 species never before described by science in the Indian Ocean near Australia.
Anak Krakatau Rumbles Again
A powerful eruption from the Indonesian volcano lofted ash into the atmosphere, disrupting thousands of flights and degrading air quality.
Scientists Just Found Six Mysterious Structures Deep Inside Earth. Here’s How They Know They’re There
Understanding these weird structures could help in the prediction of earthquakes and volcanoes.
Business Monday: Big Island VIP seeks to sell tour company to buyer eager to educate visitors
Jodi Kitsell, co-owner and guide, is seeking a buyer committed to providing tours of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park while preserving the business’s educational mission.
43 Years Ago, Scientists Dropped Gophers Onto a Volcano. Today, They’re Tiny Heroes.
It started as a go-for-broke experiment, but it wound up saving an ecosystem.
How likely is a Yellowstone 'supervolcano' eruption today?
Don't cancel your trip just yet.
VIDEO: Kilauea Volcano Update, Lava Fountain Science
HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK – Scientists examine how lava chemistry correlates with higher lava fountains, and they are wondering if Kīlauea might be in a growth phase.
Scientists discover six hidden volcanoes hiding off the Sicilian coast - Futura-Sciences
“We were quite surprised, because we were really very close to the coast.” — Lodolo, researcher at Italy’s National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics. His team named the volcano Actea. It turned out to be one of six previously unknown volcanoes scattered across the Sicily Channel. An expedition finds...
Mice on 'godforsaken' frozen volcanoes eat toxic plants to survive conditions 'not remotely compatible with long-term human survival'
Researchers risked their lives to study Andean leaf-eared mice on the inhospitable peaks of the Puna de Atacama volcanoes in Chile.
A Massive Flow of Rock and Mud Tumbled Down Mount Rainier Centuries Ago. Scientists Pinpointed Its Date to Better Understand the Volcano's Complex Threats
In a recent study, researchers dated a historic lahar called the Electron Mudflow to the summer of 1507, establishing a way to determine when past geologic events around the Puget Sound occurred
4 upcoming trips to the moon and how CU Boulder scientists are involved
Researchers will explore everything from volcanoes on the moon’s surface to signals washing through our galaxy from the dawn of the universe.
43 Years Ago, Scientists Dropped Gophers Onto a Volcano. Today, They’re Tiny Heroes.
A bunch of gophers helped restore the plant life around Mount St. Helens after the devastating eruption in May 1980.
Scientists Sound Alarm as Disturbing Volcanic Scenario Unfolds Beneath Antarctica - Futura-Sciences
When Climate and Volcanoes Collide It’s well known that major volcanic events can influence the climate. But—as it turns out—the reverse is also true. The ongoing destabilization of the Antarctic ice sheet, driven by global warming, could actually lead to an increase in subglacial eruptions on this icy continent. You...
The world's highest-dwelling mammal is smaller than your hand
At the top of a 6,739-metre Andean volcano, where the air is thin, temperatures are almost always below freezing and humans struggle to survive, a tiny leaf-eared mouse has made itself at home — dining on toxic plants.
Active volcano traps Whoopi Goldberg in Italy
Whoopi Goldberg is trapped in Italy amid an active volcano eruption, forcing her to miss ‘The View’ with airports closed in the region: ‘Spent most of the day trying to get back,’ she said.
iPhone Photography Awards Highlight Best Images of 2026
For the last 19 years, the iPhone Photography Awards (IPPA) has selected the best photographs captured with an iPhone, and the 2026 award winners were announced today. The IPPA 2026 Grand Prize image features a volcano dramatically erupting in the Cayman Islands, with the photo shot by Robyn Jensen on an iPhone 15 Pro. The Gold Prize image by Gellért Gombai features two children napping on grass in the shadow of a badminton racket, with the photo shot in black and white using an iPhone X.
The World's Southernmost Active Volcano Is Spewing Out Gold Every Day
Scientists don’t know why.
Yellowstone’s supervolcano may be fueled by something unexpected
Scientists have uncovered a new explanation for what powers Yellowstone and other supervolcanoes. Instead of a deep plume rising from near Earth’s core, a broad “mantle wind” may push hot rock beneath Yellowstone, generating magma closer to the surface. This process helps create a massive underground magma network and may explain how supervolcanoes remain active for long periods.
The Year 536 AD Was So Bad It May Have Been the Worst Time in Human History to Be Alive
Volcanoes, famine and plague made 536 a leading candidate for history’s worst year.
Scientists find thousands of earthquakes in a perfectly straight line in Alaska, revealing a hidden 'microplate'
Tiny earthquakes that emerge in a strikingly linear pattern revealed the Yakutat microplate, which may be focusing volcano and earthquake activity.
Scientists just found the hidden 'lid' keeping Yellowstone's supervolcano from erupting - Futura-Sciences
Few places fuel doomsday headlines like Yellowstone. America’s most famous national park sits atop a supervolcano, and the question of when it might blow has haunted the public for decades. So when scientists finally got a clear look at the top of its magma system in 2025, the discovery was...
Scientists open a million-year-old time capsule hidden beneath New Zealand
A cave in New Zealand has yielded fossils from a lost ecosystem that existed about 1 million years ago, including a possible flying ancestor of the kākāpō. The discovery reveals that volcanoes and climate upheaval were reshaping the country’s wildlife and driving extinctions long before humans arrived.
World Cup Fever in Guadalajara
The city's metro area has pushed westward since it last hosted World Cup matches in 1986, expanding across a landscape shaped by ancient volcanoes.
Ever Restless Mount Dukono Erupts
The volcano on Indonesia’s Halmahera Island routinely ejects ash, volcanic gases, and volcanic bombs.
'The system is likely to reach a breaking point': Major Italian volcano is speeding toward a transition, and a major eruption could be on the way
Campi Flegrei, a volcanic caldera near Naples, is speeding toward a transition, a new study suggests, but there are still a lot of questions as to whether it will erupt in the near future.
Scientists stunned by new Yellowstone discovery: what it means for the next eruption - Futura-Sciences
Yellowstone: The Supervolcano That Never Sleeps Yellowstone is widely regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. Why? It’s a supervolcano, known for its potential to unleash absolutely colossal eruptions. The last time it blew was around 70,000 years ago, but make no mistake—the volcano is far...
Baking soda & vinegar volcanoes with Mad Science of Austin & SA
A Massive Volcano Destroyed Methane in The Sky, And Scientists Are Stunned
Wait, what?
Can spreading basaltic volcanic rock dust improve crops and the health of Florida’s soils?
UF researchers are testing volcanic rock dust to improve soil health across the state’s sandy and organic farmlands.
Scientists stunned as volcano cloud destroys methane in the atmosphere
A colossal underwater volcano in the South Pacific may have revealed a surprising new weapon against climate change. After the 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai, scientists detected enormous amounts of formaldehyde in the atmosphere — a telltale sign that methane, one of the planet’s most powerful greenhouse gases, was being destroyed. Researchers now believe volcanic ash mixed with salty seawater and sunlight created reactive chlorine particles that effectively “cleaned up” some of the methane released by the eruption itself.
Science diplomacy lessons from a North Korean volcano
Mount Paektu, a mythic, active volcano on the border between North Korea and China, is almost the epitome of a scientific challenge that crosses political lines. In 946 CE, it erupted in one of the five biggest volcanic events of the past 10,000 years, kicking up huge quantities of ash and sending destructive mud flows down river channels for hundreds of kilometres. Should this happen again, the entire region, including easternmost Russia, South Korea and even Japan could be hit. “It’s definitely got the potential to be big,” said James Hammond, a professor of geophysics at Birkbeck, University of London. An eruption on the scale of 946 would have “huge regional impact.” For the past 15 years, Hammond has helped lead a groundbreaking collaboration with North Korean scientists to study the volcano, navigating scientific sanctions, tough export controls on scientific equipment and a long, pandemic-enforced exodus from the country. Although he seems more at home on far-flung research expeditions – before speaking to Science|Business, Hammond was camping out on a Greenland ice sheet – he has also advised the European Commission on its changing science diplomacy strategy. His long experience with North Korea has made Hammond sceptical of blanket bans on science collaboration, no matter the country.This is a live question in Europe, where in the wake of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, institutional ties with Russian universities were almost entirely severed, although some scientists fear this could undermine our understanding of climate change’s impact on the Arctic. Here, Hammond tells the story of the Mount Paektu mission and the policy lessons he takes from it. Ominous rumblingsThe genesis of Hammond’s collaboration came in 2002, when Mount Paektu began to rumble ominously. Earthquake activity picked up and the volcano began to emit unusual gases. North Korean scientists took notice. “People felt we need to know more about this volcano,” said Hammond. In 2011, North Korean vulcanologists put out a request for international expertise to help them learn more. At the time, Hammond and his collaborator, Clive Oppenheimer, were working on a vulcanology project in another sanctioned country, Eritrea, and so decided to answer the call. Within a month, they had flown into Pyongyang. “It was pretty incredible,” recalls Hammond (left). “We were made to feel like honoured guests, and invited to official celebrations.” The scientific opportunity was huge. Paektu is unusually positioned, a thousand kilometres from where tectonic plates rub against each other in the Pacific. “It was an incredibly interesting volcano, but not much research had been done, at least not in the international community,” he said. “There was so much we felt we could do. And we had these partners that were super keen to engage.”The mission received an unusual visitor in the form of volcano-obsessed filmmaker Werner Herzog, who accompanied Hammond and Oppenheimer while directing his 2016 film Into the Inferno about volcanos across the world. Four days into the trip, the German director delivered a long speech about reunification to his North Korean hosts, recalls Hammond. “He got to the heart of the Koreans and how they felt, and how they thought, in a way that I'm not sure I ever will,” he said. UN sanctionsHowever, Hammond realised he’d been “naïve” about how difficult it would be to collaborate with North Korea, which was sanctioned far more heavily than Eritrea. “We didn’t fully appreciate the all-encompassing nature of restrictions,” he said. In 2016, as tensions escalated over Pyongyang’s nuclear tests, a United Nations resolution banned all joint scientific work with North Korea. However, the UN sanctions did allow countries to request carve outs, and the UK successfully requested an exemption for Hammond’s work. Related articlesEU pushes for joint science diplomacy, but care needed to avoid gridlock, experts sayRussia severs its last ties with German scienceAnchor Greenlanders in Arctic climate research, experts tell EU ahead of policy updateExport controls have also delayed Hammond’s work. In one case, it took 18 months to get approval from the UK government to take seismometers, which measure earthquakes, to North Korea. “It was frustrating,” he said. “But they didn’t just say no.” However, one instrument, called an induction coil, used to measure how the earth conducts electricity, was blocked entirely because it can in theory be used to detect submarines. Karaoke bondingSince the collaboration started in 2011, Hammond has visited the country around 15 times, although the pandemic closed off North Korea for more than five years. A trip last November was Hammond’s first since the outbreak. Despite this lengthy interlude, Hammond has deep bonds in the country. The North Korean scientists Hammond works with are somewhat isolated, as they struggle to access the latest research papers and travel to international conferences. That said, they are “excellent geophysicists” and are “very well trained in the field,” he said. Over karaoke and chats about their families, “we’ve made friendships, for sure,” he said. The authorities have to sign-off things like the placement of seismometers, for example, but Hammond said these requests have been approved. “Everything that we've asked for within a scientific context has been delivered.”Scientific backchannels? These kind of personal links between scientists across political lines are one purported benefit of science diplomacy. During the Cold War, some historians argue, scientific contact between the US and Soviet Union laid a groundwork of trust for other cooperation, such as on arms control. Hammond agrees that backchannel contacts to North Korean geophysicists are hardly likely to defuse a military crisis on the Korean peninsula, but the simple fact of the scientific collaboration makes contacts between diplomats that little bit easier. “It creates opportunities to understand each other a little bit better,” he said. “When maybe you have those more difficult discussions as diplomats, it's coming from a slightly better place.” Cutting tiesDrawing lessons from the Mount Paektu mission for today’s links with Russian science isn’t simple. The analogy is far from exact, Hammond said, “because one is essentially a Cold War, versus a pretty hot war in the case of Russia.” But Hammond’s broader argument is that the challenges we face, such as climate change, pandemics, biodiversity loss, pollution and so on, have globalised in an unprecedented way, making blanket shutdowns in collaboration with any country unwise.He’s somewhat critical of the UN scientific sanctions imposed on North Korea in 2016, even though they did allow for exceptions. “I think a blanket halt to some of these things, when we face big global challenges [. . .] that’s quite a risky thing to do,” he said.Institutional endorsement?European academics are still by and large free to work individually with Russian counterparts. However, official, institutional partnerships have largely ended. Shortly following the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russian university rectors wrote a public letter endorsing the war, meaning European universities fear official collaboration could also be seen as a kind of endorsement. Hammond acknowledges there is a risk of legitimising regimes, and state-controlled universities, through scientific cooperation. “That’s the trade off you have to make,” he said. Strategic projectsWith Russia, instead of giving a green light to restart all Arctic science, a middle ground might be firing up a few carefully selected “strategic” projects, said Hammond. After all, European countries are still collaborating with Russia on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, an experimental nuclear fusion plant in the south of France. However, even if Europe did try to revive Arctic science with Russia, there’s no guarantee Russian scientists would play ball. A series of high-profile arrests of physicists in Russia accused of sharing their findings with the outside world has made collaboration fraught. Even before the invasion of 2022, “the Russian regime made it increasingly difficult, and this sort of discouraged people,” Dag Rune Olsen, rector of the Arctic University of Norway, told Science|Business last year.
Mad Science of Greater Kansas City: Dino-Volcano
Mad Science of Greater Kansas City's Radiant Randy joins Shane and Kerrigan to share a dino-volcano experiment.
Explosive learning potential, Science Central STEM summer camps begin
Both camps (one for children ages 5 to 8 and one for ages 8 to 12) begin with a unit on volcanoes and geology called “Solid Rock Science,” which starts June 1.
Yellowstone's volcano may be fueled in a very different way than we thought
Yellowstone eruptions may be driven by shifts in Earth's crust, rather than a deep well of magma, study finds.
Yellowstone's volcano may be fueled in a very different way than we thought
Yellowstone eruptions may be driven by shifts in Earth's crust, rather than a deep well of magma, study finds.
Mount Etna is like no other volcano on Earth, representing 'a new type of volcanism,' new research reveals
Mount Etna's strange lava has long perplexed scientists, but new research reveals that the volcano formed in a bizarre way — making it unlike any other known volcano on Earth.
Can ‘extinct’ volcanoes still erupt? A Greek peak holds surprising clues
Tiny crystals suggest extinct volcanoes could still grow underground, a finding that could reshape how scientists assess eruption risk.
Europe’s Most Active Volcano Just Got Stranger – Here’s Why Scientists Are Rethinking It
New research suggests Mount Etna forms from deep mantle magma pockets, possibly classifying it as a rare “petit-spot” volcano rather than a typical tectonic or hotspot volcano.
Volcanoes Send Tiny Warning Signals Before Eruptions. These Scientists Are Decoding Them
The team behind "Jerk," a novel tool that predicted eruptions with 92% accuracy for a French volcano, discusses its work and implications.
A School of Mud Volcano Islands in Azerbaijan
The tadpole-shaped islands along the Absheron Peninsula were born by explosive mud volcano eruptions and reshaped by erosion.
Scientists Just Discovered an Entire Hidden Supervolcano in the Middle of Europe
Don’t cancel your vacation plans just yet, because it probably won’t erupt soon.
NICK STROBEL: Artemis II crew shows a greater good
Tickets for the last show of the spring season at the William M. Thomas Planetarium, “Supervolcanoes” this Thursday, April 23, are still available through the Vallitix site.
Scientists Uncover Hidden Force Powering Yellowstone’s Supervolcano
A new geodynamic model is reshaping how scientists understand supervolcanoes, revealing that their magma systems may be far more diffuse and dynamic than previously believed.
Black hole wakes after 100 million years and erupts like a cosmic volcano
A colossal “cosmic volcano” has erupted in deep space, as a supermassive black hole in galaxy J1007+3540 roars back to life after nearly 100 million years of silence. Astronomers captured stunning radio images showing fresh jets blasting outward while crashing into the intense pressure of a surrounding galaxy cluster, creating a chaotic, distorted structure stretching nearly a million light-years.
NICK STROBEL: Don't miss last shows of spring
Tickets are still available for this Thursday's showing of "Incoming!" and the April 23 showing of "Supervolcanoes" (the last show of the spring season of shows) at the William M.
What Happens If You Drill Into Magma Beneath an Active Volcano? Scientists Accidentally Found Out In 2009
The drill cuttings contained fresh volcanic glass that “act like time capsules”.
Scientists Stunned: Colossal Eggs Discovered 3,500 Meters Beneath an Active Volcano
Beneath an active seafloor volcano off Vancouver Island, researchers have documented a congregation of giant eggs at roughly 3,500 meters, a discovery that reframes how life can flourish under extreme conditions. The eggs belong to the Pacific white skate, an elusive deep‑sea species adapted to cold, crushing pressure and perpetual darkness. What seemed an unlikely nursery is actually a geothermally warmed refuge, where subtle heat helps embryos survive a marathon incubation. The finding links volcanic energy to a quiet engine of biodiversity, turning a hostile landscape into an incubator. A living volcano, a hidden nursery The seamount long assumed dormant now exhales mineral‑rich, shimmering plumes, proof of hydrothermal life at depth. Expedition cameras swept across black basalt and pale bacterial mats, revealing vents that pulse with warmth. That warmth, though modest by human standards, alters the physics of development for cold‑adapted embryos. In a realm where metabolism creeps, even a few degrees can mean faster growth and higher survival. The volcano is not only active; it is ecologically formative, drafting a blueprint for a thriving oasis. Giant eggs and a skate built for the abyss The Pacific white skate, Bathyraja spinosissima, is built for the abyss: broad wings, armored spines, and a life history that trades speed for endurance. Females lay outsized, rectangular “mermaid’s purses,” often 46–50 centimeters long, packed with rich yolk to fuel years of growth. In the frigid deep, embryos can require around four years to hatch, a timeline that magnifies every energetic advantage. The scale is striking—large eggs, large adults, and a textbook case of deep‑sea gigantism. The volcano’s gentle heat may literally shave months or years from the wait. Why heat matters at the bottom of the sea Hydrothermal circulation delivers low‑level warmth without the turbulence that would scatter fragile egg‑cases. Slightly elevated temperatures accelerate enzyme kinetics, nudging development along while keeping embryos within a safe range. Mineral‑laden fluids likely shape local microbiomes, which, in turn, can influence biofilms on egg surfaces. The environment acts like a slow, steady incubator, countering the deep sea’s tyrannies of cold and scarcity. For a species with long maturation and few offspring, every incremental boost compounds across generations. An ecosystem sculpted by fire and water Seafloor volcanoes create steep environmental gradients, stitching together hot vents, cool eddies, and mineral gardens into mosaic habitats. Microbes harvest chemical energy, seeding food webs that support crustaceans, fishes, and skates. Cameras documented egg‑cases nestled among rocky ledges, near communities nourished by vent‑driven chemistry. These islands of productivity behave like deep‑sea oases, sustaining life far beyond the vent orifice’s flickering light. The nursery’s success underscores how geological forces engineer biological opportunity. “Finding a cradle of life tucked beneath a breathing volcano reminds us that the planet’s harshest places can be profoundly generous.” What the discovery could change The nursery reframes conservation priorities in regions where volcanism quietly underwrites reproduction. Protecting hydrothermal corridors could safeguard entire lifecycles, not just charismatic adults spotted during occasional surveys. It also sharpens questions about how climate‑driven shifts in ocean circulation might influence vent activity, temperature fields, and embryo survival. With methodical mapping, time‑series cameras, and environmental DNA, scientists can track whether nurseries remain stable or drift with geologic rhythms. Key implications include: Enhanced understanding of deep‑sea reproduction at hydrothermal sites. New conservation targets centered on geothermal nurseries. Comparative studies with other volcanic regions, from the Galápagos to rift zones. Biotechnological insights from organisms adapted to long, cold development. Better models of how seafloor heat shapes regional biodiversity. Methods behind the revelation Remotely operated vehicles threaded through chimney fields, gathering video, temperatures, and mineral signatures. High‑definition imagery captured the distinctive, horned egg cases, their edges dusted with fine volcanic silt. Geochemical profiles mapped how heat and chemicals disperse, outlining the “thermal lanes” where eggs most cluster. Combined, these datasets reveal a nursery organized by geothermal topography, with egg‑cases concentrated in pockets of gentle, sustained warmth. A fragile boon in a changing ocean Deep‑sea environments feel remote, yet they intersect with global pressures: mining proposals, cable routes, and shifting oxygen levels. The nursery’s resilience hinges on stable heat flow, intact substrates, and minimal disturbance from noise or sediment. Safeguarding such places is not just about protecting novelty; it preserves a slow, ancient strategy that lets large, long‑lived animals endure in the coldest reaches of the Pacific. Where geology and biology meet, the planet’s deep time still writes living stories. This volcano‑warmed nursery adds a vital chapter to that story, revealing how subtle thermal gifts can tip the scales toward life in the abyss. With each dive, researchers trace the contours of an unseen world, where fire feeds water, and water—against all odds—feeds the future.
One of Earth’s most explosive supervolcanoes is recharging
Far beneath the ocean near Japan, scientists have discovered that the magma system linked to the most powerful eruption of the Holocene is slowly rebuilding. By using seismic imaging, researchers mapped a large magma reservoir under the Kikai caldera and confirmed it is the same system that fueled the massive eruption 7,300 years ago. However, the magma now present is newly injected, not leftover, as shown by changes in the chemistry of recent volcanic material and the growth of a lava dome over thousands of years.
Glass Threads Spun From a Volcano’s Bubbly Magma
A volcanic formation known as Pele’s hair is produced when air-filled magma is stretched, according to a new study by a team of scientists and glass artists.
A rare active volcano on Mars may be causing the whole planet to spin faster
Data from NASA's InSight mission suggests the Red Planet's Tharsis region is more active than previously thought and may be why Mars is spinning more quickly over time.
47th annual Utica University science fair shows area students are smarter than ever
Four dozen science projects from 60 students from eight area schools competed for the top prizes at the Donohue Concourse underneath the Frank Gannett Library. Some of the topics may have changed over the years — there were no baking soda volcanoes — but the students still displayed their projects on decorated posterboard for staff, family and the judges to see. The projects were split between the junior division — 7th and 8th grades — and the senior division — 9th through 12th grades.
Scientists just discovered a tiny signal that volcanoes send before they erupt
A new detection method called “Jerk” could dramatically improve how scientists forecast volcanic eruptions. By using a single broadband seismometer, the system can detect extremely subtle ground movements caused by magma pushing underground—often hours before an eruption begins. Tested for more than a decade at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano on La Réunion, the tool successfully predicted 92% of eruptions between 2014 and 2023, sometimes giving up to eight hours of warning.
This scientist is racing to predict deadly volcanic mudslides
One of the most deadly and dangerous volcano hazards isn’t lava. Mudflows called lahars can come without clear warning.
Scientists up in arms as flying lab has its wings clipped
Faam, the airborne laboratory deployed after the eruption of an Icelandic volcano shut airspace in 2010, will be grounded after government funding was cut
‘Traversal’ Review: Stories of Science and Love
An Indonesian volcano led to lousy weather in Europe. Trapped inside, Mary Shelley began to write “Frankenstein.”
Mars’ Youngest Volcanoes Are Far More Complex Than Scientists Thought
Mars’ youngest volcanoes may be far more complex than they appear.
Women in Science: Geochemist Terry Plank
Award-winning geochemist and volcanologist Terry Plank studies the phenomena shaping the Earth’s crust and how they affect the world’s volcanoes.
Yellowstone’s supervolcano is creating a 19-mile bulge
But scientists aren't that worried.
Mars' 'young' volcanoes prove more complex than scientists once thought
What appears to be a single volcanic eruption is often the result of complex processes operating deep beneath the surface, where magma moves, evolves, and changes over long periods of time. To fully understand ...
Volcano Watch: New ‘Is Tephra Falling?’ citizen science tool launched in Hawaiʻi
Like the “Did You Feel It?” earthquake reporting tool helps make maps of areas affected by shaking, the new tool helps scientists map areas affected by tephra fallout; observations will be used to assess the character and size of the eruption plumes from Kīlauea volcano on the Big Island, along with the dispersal pattern of tephra fall.
Volcano Watch — New Hawaii citizen science tool: Is Tephra Falling?
During Kīlauea summit lava fountaining episode 41, residents and visitors shared their observations of tephra falling via email, phone calls, and on social media. A new online tool, “Is Tephra Falling?” will allow people to share their observations in a more systematic way.
'Like watching a cosmic volcano erupt': Scientists see monster black hole 'reborn' after 100 million years
Scientists saw an inactive black hole 'reawaken' from a 100-million-year nap with fire and fury.
Astronomers finally find an atmosphere around a rocky exoplanet - Futura-Sciences
From Io’s volcanoes to Enceladus’s geysers, our Solar System is a study in contrasts. The exoplanet realm is just as rich—and scientists are hunting for signs of life or, at least, clues to how life ... Read more
Free Beer and Hot Wings' Science Fair Fails
Dodgeball and bad lunches are one thing, but this science fair story went way beyond trifold boards and poster glue.
The School Science Fair Was Never This Serious
Dodgeball and bad lunches are one thing, but this science fair story went way beyond trifold boards and poster glue.
What’s inside Mexico’s Popocatépetl volcano? Scientists obtain first 3D images
Scientists from Mexico’s National Autonomous University have created the first three-dimensional image of the Popocatépetl volcano's interior.
Scientists obtain first 3D images inside Mexico's Popocatépetl volcano
Scientists from Mexico’s National Autonomous University have created the first three-dimensional image of the Popocatépetl volcano's interior
From record-tying jumps to historic championships: New Mexico's top prep sports moments in 2025.
Volcano Vista's basketball dynasty, Sandia's long-awaited baseball title, and a 55-year-old track record finally matched made 2025 unforgettable for New Mexico high school sports fans.
Kilauea volcano eruption increases visitors, boosts business for Hawaii Island
Kilauea's eruption has caused an 11% rise in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park visits, increasing last-minute bookings and local business traffic.
Best space photos of 2025
An alien comet, a Martian volcano, a man’s fall from the sun and a groundbreaking telescope’s first images: Here are the most jaw-dropping space photos of 2025.
Can We Just Throw Our Plastic Garbage Into A Volcano?
A volcanologist answers your questions about glass-shard hairballs, cooking breakfast over lava, Gollum's end on Mount Doom, and more.
Galleries - Ames Earth Science
Earth Science (SG) Landing – Menu BarHomeWho We AreWho We AreEarth Science Division (SG)Biospheric Science Branch (SGE)Atmospheric Science Branch (SGG)Project Management Branch (SGP)Airborne Science Branch (ASP)What We DoResearch TopicsMissionsStoriesFeaturesHighlights & NuggetsAwards & RecognitionVisiting ScienceContact Us Ames Earth Science Galleries Researchers from Ames’ Earth Science division travel all over the country – and the globe – to study the planet and the processes within. Take a look through the galleries below to get a peak into the aircraft and labs our scientists study in, and the oceans, fires, and volcanoes they are looking at. Complete Ames Earth Science Story/Gallery Repository about Ames Earth Science Galleries Galleries Calibration at the Airborne Sensor Facility Gallery13 ImagesFireSense Fort Stewart Prescribed Burn Campaign Gallery131 ImagesCRATER Gallery112 ImagesSARP East 2025 Gallery30 ImagesSARP West 2025 Gallery33 ImagesOCEANOS 2024 Gallery92 ImagesCoral Reef Gallery53 ImagesFireSense Missoula Deployment Gallery78 Images2023 SARP West Gallery67 Images
Scientists uncover a volcanic trigger behind the Black Death
A newly analyzed set of climate data points to a major volcanic eruption that may have played a key role in the Black Death’s arrival. Cooling and crop failures across Europe pushed Italian states to bring in grain from the Black Sea. Those shipments may have carried plague-infected fleas. The study ties together tree rings, ice cores, and historical writings to reframe how the pandemic began.
Massive volcanic eruptions may have actually caused the Black Death | BBC Science Focus Magazine
New research suggests that a combination of volcanic activity, cold summers and famine brought the deadly plague to Europe.
Medieval volcanoes may have ignited the Black Death
More than just rats and fleas added to the 'perfect storm' plague.
Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is erupting in 'ice volcanoes', new images suggest
Scientists have observed cryovolcanoes erupting on comet 3I/ATLAS — giving us a new clue about what's inside it.