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Witkoff faces backlash for praising Putin as a ‘humanitarian’
The comments were swiftly condemned by U.S. lawmakers who view Russian President Vladimir Putin as responsible for the brutal war in Ukraine.
Vladimir Kara-Murza memoir 'One Day Free' to be released May 18
Russian opposition leader Vladimir Kara-Murza has written a memoir he's calling “One Day Free.” | WBBM Newsradio 780 AM & 105.9 FM
Whither Vladimir? (Part 1)
It’s no secret that a big part of the Blue Jays’ disappointing 2026 was the result of a disastrous season by superstar first baseman Vladimir Guerrero jr. Vlad’s offensive production cratered, from an average wRC+ of 139 from 2023-2025 to 95 this past season. If the team’s going to get back into contention in 2027 […]
Trump’s Push for Deals With Russia Powers His Frustration With Ukraine
The series of recent steps by the president that seem to favor Vladimir Putin reflect his intensifying desire to normalize the relationship with Moscow even if it means further undercutting Ukraine.
Putin proposes summit with Trump and Xi to discuss Ukraine deal, WSJ says
Oct 18 (Reuters) - Russian President Vladimir Putin has proposed a summit next month with US President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping to negotiate an end to the four-year-old Ukraine
Trump's decision to waive Russian sanctions outrages Congress, but no quick counter seen
Lawmakers from both parties blasted the executive order late Friday, the latest in a series of steps that the Republican president has taken drawing the United States closer to Russia's Vladimir Putin.
Trump's Diesel Deal With Russia Won't Lower Gas Prices for Americans
Donald Trump's diesel deal with Russia is a big favor to Vladimir Putin, but it won't lower prices for Americans ahead of the midterm elections.
Bipartisan group of senators call on Trump to rescind Russian diesel deal
Six Democratic and six Republican senators wrote a letter calling on President Trump to withdraw from his recent deal with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Trump\'s diesel deal with Putin draws criticism from a frustrated Congress
The deal that President Donald Trump reached with Russian President Vladimir Putin to import tons of Russian diesel is drawing concern from Congress. Trump struck the deal as a way
Trump’s US-Russia diesel deal draws bipartisan criticism
President Donald Trump’s diesel deal with Russian leader Vladimir Putin is facing bipartisan blowback in the US as lawmakers warn that the Trump administration is defying a federal law meant to crackdown on Russia after the invasion of Ukraine.
UK does not support Trump's Russia diesel deal, says Streeting
The defence secretary says the US and its allies need to increase pressure on Vladimir Putin to end the war with Ukraine.
Trump deal for Russian diesel sparks anger in Ukraine, doubts among analysts
President Donald Trump said on Friday he secured an agreement from Russian President Vladimir Putin to supply markets with Russian diesel fuel as he works to bring down energy costs ahead of the midterm elections.
Trump announces diesel fuel deal with Russia
President Donald Trump said Friday that he and Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed to a deal to supply the United States with Russian diesel fuel. Diesel prices remain a significant issue ahead of the 2026 midterm elections amid the war in Iran. Trump administration officials were previously working on freeing up Russian diesel, which had […]
AI-powered home monitoring tracks older adults’ health while protecting privacy
Older people could be monitored safely in their own homes without the need for intrusive cameras or wearable devices thanks to new research by Nottingham Trent University (NTU).
SLR Business Credit Provides $10MM Senior Secured Asset-Based Credit Facility to Markstein Sales Company
SLR Business Credit (SLRBC) closed a $10 million senior secured asset-based credit facility to Markstein Sales. The facility is secured by the company’s
EU launches network to harness health data and AI for cardiovascular care
A new EU-funded flagship initiative to harness the power of health data and artificial intelligence (AI) across the continuum of cardiovascular care has been launched, with funding from the EU4Health Program.
Blue Jays Handed Clear Offseason Message on Pirates’ Oneil Cruz
After reaching the World Series last year, the Toronto Blue Jays failed to reach the postseason this year. As a result, the Blue Jays’ front office will need to bolster the team if it wants to return to the Fall Classic. Vladimir Guerrero Jr. had an awful 2026 season by his standards, hitting .260 while […] The post Blue Jays Handed Clear Offseason Message on Pirates’ Oneil Cruz appeared first on HEAVY.
U.S.-Russia Talks on Ukraine Now Involve an Oil Deal Tied to Trump Allies
President Vladimir V. Putin brought up a sale of Russian energy assets with President Trump’s envoys, Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff, pushing a deal that raises new questions about conflicts of interest.
Parliamentary government and political competition are the oldest traditions in Russian politics. Where did they come from, and why did they disappear? Writer Mikhail Zygar explains in a new film.
It’s hard to believe today, but Rus’ had a parliament before Britain did and a woman with the political stature of a prime minister five centuries before Margaret Thatcher. The Novgorod Republic was a state in which the prince was a hired manager, major decisions were made by the veche or popular assembly, and political culture resembled that of Western Europe in many ways. In his new film, Mikhail Zygar explains how this system emerged, why it lost out to Moscow, and why Vladimir Putin is so fond of Alexander Nevsky.
German firm Metro loses control of Russian business after Putin decree
Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered that the assets of German retailer Metro AG be placed under temporary administration. The move comes amid escalating tensions between Germany and Russia over the Ukraine war.
Kremlin transfers control of German retailer Metro's Russia business
FRANKFURT, Germany (AP) — President Vladimir Putin has ordered the Russian assets of German retailer Metro AG placed under temporary administration. The step comes against a background of tension between Germany and Russia over the war in Ukraine.
Kremlin transfers control of German retailer Metro's Russia business
President Vladimir Putin has ordered the Russian assets of German retailer Metro AG placed under the temporary administration.
Kremlin pressures Russian businesses to pay for drone defences
Vladimir Putin backs army and spy agencies’ push to make businesses defend themselves from Ukrainian strikes
Trump claims stunning casualty numbers in Russia-Ukraine war
Trump claims 25,000 people died last month in the Ukraine-Russia war and reveals he pushed Volodomyr Zelenskyy to settle with Vladimir Putin.
MLB legend backs Vladimir Guerrero Jr. after podcast comments
An MLB legend is defending Toronto Blue Jays first baseman Vladimir Guerrero Jr. for his comments.
Trump swoons over strongman soulmate Xi – are you feeling jealous, Vladimir?
Deference was deafening as US president rolled out red carpet for world’s biggest jailer of journalists – perhaps he was seeking tips
Toronto Blue Jays Manager Makes Honest Vladimir Guerrero Jr. Statement
Toronto Blue Jays manager John Schneider dropped an honest statement on Vladimir Guerrero Jr. after being eliminated from playoff contention. The post Toronto Blue Jays Manager Makes Honest Vladimir Guerrero Jr. Statement appeared first on HEAVY.
SLR Business Credit Provides $8MM Asset-Based Credit Facility to Beverage Mixer Company
SLR Business Credit (SLRBC), a provider of asset-based lending solutions, provided an $8 million asset-based revolving line of credit to a premium carbonated
Is Ageu finally ready to prove his worth?
Wouter Vrancken has transformed the style of play within months, guided Hearts into the Conference League and the League Cup semi-finals. It has reached the point where I am trying to track down Vladimir Romanov's spiritual healer, Rima, and persuade her to bring the golden stick to Oriam. Vrancken is already hugely popular with the support.
Zelensky said Trump agrees to speak in New York for diplomatic meeting
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced plans for a high-stakes meeting with President Donald Trump in New York. As the Ukraine-Russia war continues for more than four years, the U.S. has provided support valued at billions. Zelensky and Trump have had a strained relationship as the U.S. president balances relations with Ukraine and Russian leader Vladimir […]
Cornerstone Business Credit Funds $1MM Line of Credit to Equipment Sales & Service Company
Cornerstone Business Credit funded a $1 million line of credit to an industrial equipment sales and service company. This multi-generational family business
Cornerstone Business Credit Funds $1MM Line of Credit to Equipment Sales & Service Company
Cornerstone Business Credit funded a $1 million line of credit to an industrial equipment sales and service company. This multi-generational family business
Vladimir Guerrero Jr. ‘Embarrassed’ by Poor Season for Blue Jays
According to a prominent Canadian sports writer, Toronto Blue Jays first baseman Vladimir Guerrero Jr. is “embarrassed” by his poor season.Guerrero is enduring the worst season of his eight-year MLB career so far.The six-time MLB All-Star is batting just .262 for the Blue Jays with an OPS of .694 and an OPS+ of 92, indicating […] The post Vladimir Guerrero Jr. ‘Embarrassed’ by Poor Season for Blue Jays appeared first on HEAVY.
Trump signs bill authorising sweeping Russia sanctions
The legislation takes aim at Russia's energy and defence sectors, President Vladimir Putin and other senior officials
Nestle reviewing options after Russia business seized by Putin
Vladimir Putin made a presidential decree to take control of Nestle’s Russian assets, alongside those of French supermarket chain Auchan.
New framework outlines principles for health-literate artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is rapidly becoming part of how people seek, interpret, and act on health information.
Trump Wants Putin to End the War. He May Offer Russia Business Deals First.
A new sanctions bill is meant to pressure President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia to end the war in Ukraine. But President Trump is doubling down on a different approach: offering enticements to Russia.
Capitals say Alex Ovechkin asked to film United Russia ad
The Capitals told The Associated Press that Alex Ovechkin was asked to participate in an ad this summer for Vladimir Putin's United Russia party.
Phillies news: Kyle Schwarber, postseason, Vladimir Guerrero, Jr.
This is going to be a fun finish to the season, huh?
Jays Lose To Orioles
Orioles 7 Jays 4 This one couldn’t have gone much worse. Dylan Beavers homered on the second pitch of the game. Then, in the bottom of the first, the Jays had two on and one out, and Vladimir Guerrero was picked off first—just bad baseball. With a runner on second, he wasn’t going anywhere. It […]
Experts examine ethical risks of using AI in public health
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds profound potential to reshape public health. Although its application accelerates threat detection and targeted interventions, the rapid deployment has outpaced the regulatory, validation, and equity safeguards standard to traditional health interventions.
That Was Less Than Fun, Jays Lose
Jays 1 Royals 6 This one, well, it was a great game to watch. Right from the first inning. Brett Bateman was hit by a pitch to start the game, but Nathan Lukes hit into a double play, and Vladimir Guerrero grounded out. And the bottom of the inning went single (roller down the first […]
Bloom Healthcare Acquires Christian Care House Calls
Colorado-based Bloom Healthcare has acquired Christian Care House Calls, which provides home-based senior primary care in Texas. The deal expands the
Thursday Jays Notes
There isn’t much for Jays news this morning. The starters against the Royals: And, our weekly Anthony Santander rumour: Today’s lineups: Today’s Lineups BLUE JAYS GUARDIANS Brett Bateman – CF Steven Kwan – CF Nathan Lukes – RF Chase DeLauter – RF Vladimir Guerrero – 1B Jose Ramirez – DH Jesus Sanchez – LF Jo […]
John Schneider Reacts After Bad Game From Vladimir Guerrero Jr.
Toronto Blue Jays manager John Schneider reacted after first baseman Vladimir Guerrero Jr. had another tough day at the plate.The Blue Jays, who are fighting tooth and nail for the final American League Wild Card spot, lost in a blowout to the Kansas City Royals on Thursday by a final score of 13-2.It was an […] The post John Schneider Reacts After Bad Game From Vladimir Guerrero Jr. appeared first on HEAVY.
Blue Jays Problem Isn’t Necessarily Vladimir Guerrero Jr.
The Toronto Blue Jays main problem isn't Vladimir Guerrero Jr., but the team would do well to make him part of the solution. The post Blue Jays Problem Isn’t Necessarily Vladimir Guerrero Jr. appeared first on HEAVY.
Republic Business Credit Supports Textile Wholesaler with $2.75MM Factoring Facility
Republic Business Credit provided a national textile wholesaler with a $2.75 million factoring facility to fuel the company’s West Coast expansion and market
Toronto Blue Jays Announce George Springer Decision During Yankees Series
The Toronto Blue Jays fell 3-1 to the New York Yankees in their series opener Friday night.Now, as the Blue Jays welcome Vladimir Guerrero Jr. back into the lineup after he spent time on the seven-day concussion IL, manager John Schneider made some notable changes ahead of Saturday’s game. The matchup will feature Toronto ace […] The post Toronto Blue Jays Announce George Springer Decision During Yankees Series appeared first on HEAVY.
Toronto Blue Jays Vladimir Guerrero Jr Leaves Yankees Game
The Toronto Blue Jays first baseman Vladimir Guerrero Jr has left Friday night's 3-1 win against the New York Yankees. The post Toronto Blue Jays Vladimir Guerrero Jr Leaves Yankees Game appeared first on HEAVY.
Toronto Blue Jays Vladimir Guerrero Jr Leaves Yankees Game
The Toronto Blue Jays first baseman Vladimir Guerrero Jr has left Friday night's game against the New York Yankees. The post Toronto Blue Jays Vladimir Guerrero Jr Leaves Yankees Game appeared first on HEAVY.
Jays Beat Yankees 3-1
Gerrit Cole was a tough assignment, but the pitching staff was more than up for the challenge of winning the pitching duel and the offence took advantage of their opportunities and did just enough. There was bad news, though. Vladimir Guerrero jr. left the game after being kicked in the side of the head sliding […]
Vladimir Guerrero Jr. Shares Concerning Injury Update After Phillies Game
Toronto Blue Jays first baseman Vladimir Guerrero Jr. made a concerning announcement after a game against the Philadelphia Phillies.
US intel assesses Putin could launch attack aimed at testing NATO unity
Recent US intelligence assessments indicate Russian President Vladimir Putin could try to test NATO’s resolve by launching a limited attack on an allied country within the next few years, according to three sources familiar with those reports.
Boris Nadezhdin: Putin critic leaves Russia after he is barred from running for parliament
Boris Nadezhdin, who criticized the Ukraine war and tried to challenge President Vladimir Putin in the 2024 election, was one of the few high-profile Putin critics still living in Russia.
Trump warns China and Russia not to ‘give or sell’ weapons to Iran
President Donald Trump says it would be “very bad” for Chinese President Xi Jinping or Russian President Vladimir Putin if Washington discovers they are supplying weapons to Tehran as the war between the United States and Iran escalates. “President Xi, at our recent meeting in Beijing, China, told me that he would not, under any […]
AI may predict harmful chemical exposures affecting human health
Artificial intelligence is rapidly improving scientists' ability to detect chemicals in the environment and human body.
Blue Jays' Vladimir Guerrero: Still not getting results
Blue Jays' Vladimir Guerrero: Still not getting results
Russian blogger who criticised Putin and the war has been detained, TASS reports
Russian blogger Ilya Remeslo, who criticised President Vladimir Putin and the war in Ukraine, has been detained on suspicion of spreading false information about the armed forces, state news agency TASS reported on Friday.
For Whom the Strait Tolls | WSJ Politics Newsletter for July 14
Plus, Lindsey Graham’s sister to fill his Senate seat, and how China’s Xi Jinping now manages Russia’s Vladimir Putin
Russian anti-war opposition politician Boris Nadezhdin detained by police
Boris Nadezhdin attempted to run against Vladimir Putin at the 2024 presidential election, but was prevented from doing so.
Russian Rail Giant Wants Business to Bear More War Economy Pain
Russia’s largest employer is trying to address mounting financial pressures with new measures that some businesses worry will come at their expense, underscoring the growing strains on the economy as President Vladimir Putin’s war in Ukraine drags on.
Why Serbia dismisses Vučić's sudden resignation talk as a distraction
Some have likened his move to Vladimir Putin's rotation between the presidency and the premiership
MLB All-Star rosters announced, with Dodgers, Braves and Phillies tied for most players named
Vladimir Guerrero Jr. will start at first base despite having, so far, the worst season of his career.
As free agency nears, the Wild have business to attend to beyond Dylan Larkin
Larkin is the player the Wild want, but they will also need to re-sign or replace players like Mats Zuccarello and Vladimir Tarasenko.
Advice on getting a frontier AI job, from a Google DeepMind engineer
Google DeepMind distinguished engineer Vladimir Feinberg has some blunt advice for those seeking a job at a top AI lab — "work like a dog."
Blue Jays' Vladimir Guerrero: In Saturday's lineup
Blue Jays' Vladimir Guerrero: In Saturday's lineup
Why some Russians are breaking with Putin as Ukraine war drags on
Russian President Vladimir Putin’s iron grip on power is being challenged by the war in Ukraine and his government’s authoritarian crackdowns. He finds himself in unfamiliar political territory, questioned by some of the country’s elite and embarrassed by Ukraine’s strikes into Russian cities. Compass Points moderator Nick Schifrin discusses the state of Russian politics with Arkady Ostrovsky.
Putin hosts leaders of Southeast Asian nations, seeking to boost their business ties
MOSCOW (AP) — President Vladimir Putin hosted leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations on Wednesday as Russia seeks to bolster business and other ties with the nations of the regional …
In Retrospect: Poland, Russia, Europe
In April I spent a few days with Zryw, a Polish non-profit organization that recruits young people to enter politics and public life. Their aim is to build a new generation of civic leaders in Poland. I’ve followed their evolution from the beginning; my son is one of the founders. (“Zryw” means “impulse” or “burst of speed” in Polish). Julie Chmielewska, one of Zryw’s leaders, interviewed me at the event. Here is the conversation, lightly edited for grammar and context: Julia Chmielewska: Assuming that culture shapes institutions, could we conclude that some cultures are more prone to authoritarianism? Anne Applebaum: I don’t think so. Every culture, every nation, and every country has the potential for change. When we look at history, we can see that nations do change. Poland has changed, for example, from the 1980s to today. There’s a completely different mentality here than the one I encountered when I first visited, in 1988. The current generation sees the world through a different frame. So no, I don’t believe that certain nations are doomed to authoritarianism, or to anything. Of course, there are political and cultural traditions, but they can always be challenged. JC: So do you think there’s something intrinsic in human nature that pushes people to democracy, freedom? AA: I think there is something in human nature, a deep instinct, that pushes people towards freedom, yes. People who live in authoritarian countries – and I’ve heard this from them over and over again – sooner or later find themselves angered by a feeling of helplessness. They can see the unfairness of crooked courts, irrational political decisions. They naturally dislike the fact that somebody has all the power while they have none. In those circumstances, people who have no political background at all sometimes are politicized just by that frustration. I’m thinking of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, for example, who was a Belarusian housewife, until the circumstances of her husband’s arrest forced her to become a politician. I met a woman who is a Uyghur from China, and who had come to live in Turkey. After several of her family members were arrested, she too was propelled into a political role. These kinds of experiences make people interested in democracy or political reform, even if they thought they didn’t care. I also think that the opposite is true: some people instinctively prefer homogeneity, order, hierarchy. They don’t like the confrontation of opinions or the noise of debate, and they lean towards a single leader or a unified regime. I think that most of modern history is shaped by the clash between those two different sides of human nature. JC: Which force do you find more powerful today? AA: I think they both have a lot of power and there’s no way of predicting who wins. Even in countries that seem very shut off or stuck in an authoritarian system can change. We’ve seen that happen. And vice versa, I think democracies can also begin to fail and slide into authoritarianism. So it’s very important not to be complacent in either direction. JC: I want to go into your history and your experiences. You’ve lived in Russia during a time of incredible change in the late 80s, and then you came back to do research in post-Soviet Russia. AA: I was a student in Russia just before the collapse of the Soviet Union. I then traveled and worked there extensively in the 1990s, and I met people who really were full of hope. They hoped that Russia could become a democracy, or at least a place that guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of the press. These weren’t ideas that came from Washington. Although now the narrative in the Kremlin is different, I met many people who were working towards exactly that kind of transformation. A friend of mine ran a series of seminars – once a year, and then later several times a year, in cities all over Russia – designed to get people to discuss politics in new ways. She invited young politicians and journalists, as well as foreigners. I went to many of them, in Moscow as well as Volgograd and Novosibirsk. Over two decades, hundreds of people came to these seminars, and all of them wanted Russia to be different. I remain convinced that many Russians still want Russia to be different. It’s just that the old system, in the form of Putin, a representative of that system, returned. The KGB reimposed their power. And this wasn’t because of something to do with culture, this was to do with money and politics, and who was in charge. JC: You’ve partially answered my question... I wanted to ask whether that excitement of the 1990s was an exception from the Russian historical norm which has been rather authoritarian? AA: Of course, if you look at the history of Russia since the 18th century, there have always been liberal groups, reformers and revolutionaries. There were the Decembrists, in the early 19th century, and the rural populists later on, who tried to organize the peasantry. A significant group of liberal Russians appeared at the turn of the 20th century, people like the father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov, who was a Russian politician before the revolution. These groups were small in number, but sometimes had a broader significance. The Russian dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s actually invented the modern human rights movement. It was their idea to hold the leaders of the Soviet Union accountable for the language they used, to remind them of the treaties they had signed and the promised they had made. They created the Helsinki group, for example, that held Soviet leadership to the language of the Helsinki Treaty, which formally ended the Second World War and which contained guarantees of human rights, at least on paper. That idea spread to Eastern Europe, and similar tactics were used here in Poland. (Benjamin Nathans recently wrote a great book about the Soviet dissidents, To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause) JC: But seemingly, even if they do ever get power, they could never hold on to it. AA: We don’t know, because they have never really had power. But in any case, we also don’t know what will happen in the future. There is no reason to assume that Russia will forever be condemned to totalitarianism. Even during the first fifteen years of Putin’s regime there was some form of democratic politics. Only when the full-scale war began did he bring everything to an end: he shut down all remaining independent organizations and killed his most important opponent, Alexi Navalny. But does that mean he is popular, that he enjoys legitimacy? Even now, we don’t really know what Russians think about him, or about the war. There is no way of doing real polling in Russia because nobody will answer an independent pollster over the phone. JC: Do you think that the flock of young people, especially young men, who fled Russia after the start of the war represent a continuation of liberal movements that refuse to partake in the authoritarian state, or do you think they are moving for the sake of self-preservation – “I don’t want to go to the army, so I leave”? AA: I’m sure it’s both. I actually know many people who left Russia for political reasons either in the very last years before the war, or else just after the war began. JC: And do you see a change in the young generation versus the old one that have fled? AA: It’s hard for me to say because the people who I know were mostly already politicized. I do know some younger people who left, but most of them were already either active in the opposition, or working as journalists. Many of them very self-consciously think of themselves as maintaining Russian culture abroad, just as in the 20th century the Soviet dissidents or the anti-communist White Russians once thought of themselves as people who maintained the true Russian culture, outside of Bolshevik Russia. JC: Let’s move on to Poland. One of your first experiences with Poland was reporting on Margaret Thatcher’s first state visit, in the autumn of 1988. You followed her around the farmers’ market. AA: She was making a symbolic gesture. She wanted to welcome free markets, but the only one she could really visit was the farmers’ market at Hala Mirowska. JC: And I want to talk about this area because today you can look out of any window in that district, Mirów, and see rows and rows of skyscrapers. How does it feel to see a country built from the ground in such a short time, both politically and economically? AA: You know, when you’re living in a period of dramatic change, it’s always hard to know whether the change is positive or negative. The transformation in Poland created winners and losers, as well as new classes of people, new political movements of different kinds. At the time, it sometimes just felt like turbulence. Now, we can look back at the 1990s and early 2000s in Poland and see in retrospect that the country was headed in towards prosperity and European integration. In around 2009 or 2010, I remember speaking to a woman who worked cleaning government offices, and who asked me if her daughter should study in Amsterdam or in London. This seemed to me to be a real transformation, and it happened very fast: within a few years, Poles stopped feeling like second-class Europeans, and a generation of younger Poles appeared who had no qualms about crossing borders. JC: We again live in turbulent times. Do you think we’re heading towards positive outcomes? AA: I can’t make predictions, because everything that happens tomorrow depends on what people do today. Also, history doesn’t have a trajectory. It doesn’t move in a particular direction. You only think it does afterwards. As I said, you can look afterwards at Poland in the 1990s and you could say this was a period of great progress. But not everybody at the time saw that. Sometimes people are very wrong about a given country’s trajectory. I remember people writing about Ukraine in the 1990s, about how dangerous it was that Ukraine was independent, that this was going to be an anti-semitic state, that Ukrainian nationalism was going to come back... and although you can say many bad things about Ukraine, the country made many bad choices, actually it became a pretty tolerant state which now has a Jewish president and until recently a Muslim defense minister. JC: In the 1990s Poland’s and Ukraine’s GDP were roughly similar. Ukraine was even a bit richer. So the starting point was similar for both of these countries, but they’ve turned out very, very differently. Even if we stop in 2014. Why do you think Ukraine “chose East”? Was it external influence? AA: No, I think Ukraine was in a different position. First of all, central and eastern Ukraine had been part of the Soviet Union since the 1920s, and had therefore experienced a longer period of occupation, repression, Sovietization and even Russification. Ukraine did not have, as Poland did, an alternative elite: a large cadre of economists and politicians, who already had some experience in opposition politics and in independent thinking. In Poland, the transformative finance minister, Leszek Balcerowicz, had already thought about how an economy might be decentralized before he took office. We can argue about how successful he was, but at least he was prepared to try something new. In Ukraine, people weren’t prepared. For one, there hadn’t been much space even for an illegal opposition in the previous couple of decades. Ukraine was also in many ways still emerging from colonial occupation. For the previous couple of centuries, many of the most capable Ukrainians had moved to Russia, and the first generation of leaders in independent Ukraine tended to be former Soviet apparatchiks. They didn’t immediately seek to become closer to western Europe. Instead, they looked for some kind of economic and political “third way” and an accomodation with Russia. Ukraine became stuck in this position, half-in, half-out and became pretty profoundly corrupt. JC: The Polish alternative elite had a vision of where they wanted the country to go. I think the general perception now is that this vision ends with the next election, right? Is this a natural process of gaining power? AA: Their vision, and it was shared by the time by politicians who now call themselves both left and right, was that Poland should join the EU and NATO, as fast as possible. My husband (Radek Sikorski) was in the very first government that said it wanted to join NATO. At the time this was taken very badly in Washington: the demand for NATO membership absolutely came from Poland, not from the US. But even then, in the early 1990s, many Poles already understood that the Russian sphere of influence would grow once again, that it was important to become part of the transatlantic alliance and an integrated Europe as fast as possible: NATO, the EU, the Council of Europe, all of the trading and security alliances. That consensus lasted through several different governments and over many years, even governments containing former communists. For twenty years, right, left and center disagreed about many things, but they all agreed on the direction that the country should go. In retrospect, that consensus created the basis for prosperity in Poland. JC: And regarding the Polish-Ukrainian relations. We know that antagonisms, e.g. the myth of Wołyń [a massacre of Poles that took place in what is now Western Ukraine, in 1943] are increasingly used in Polish political discourse today. In Ukraine, nationalist historians make heroes out of UPA, the Ukrainian revolutionary army, which is held responsible for this tragedy. Where do you see a start for burying the hatchet? Is the reconciliation of our nations possible? AA: So here’s a strange thing: For more than a decade after they both gained independence, Poland and Ukraine participated in a number of projects that were designed to solve exactly these kinds of Polish-Ukrainian differences. Books were published that were jointly written by Polish and Ukrainian historians, monuments were built. These projects were successful: If you’d asked me this question in 2010, I would have said that there are no real historical issues between Poland and Ukraine, that the two countries had mostly reconciled. For a number of reasons, this began to shift. In Poland, children and grandchildren of victims of the Wołyń massacre felt their tragedy hadn’t been fully recognized. In Ukraine, nationalist groups wanted the UPA partisans who had fought against the Soviet Union recognized for their heroism, despite the fact that some in this broad and not well-defined group were also linked to Wołyń. In both eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the memory of the ethnic cleansing that took place there in the late 1940s - Poles were moved West, Ukrainians East - to accomodate new borders has left feelings of displacement and bitterness. The wave of Ukrainian immigration, which started before the war, may have provoked some of this. But don’t underestimate the role played by Russia, which has always wanted to create discord between Poland and Ukraine, and pumps out propaganda to that effect in both countries. Vandalism on both sides of the border, damage done to cemeteries and monuments, is sometimes carried out by provacateurs working for Russia, just to create bad feelings. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict also hides a different reality: although there are real grievances and bad memories, the truth is that the biggest tragedies both nations experienced in the twentieth century were inflicted by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. That should unite these two countries, not divide them. JC: This week (19.04.2026 – Ed.) in Hungary we saw that using historical narratives to create grievance has no longer worked. Are you optimistic about the direction after Orban’s loss? AA: The Hungarian election was really important because it shows that people can actually resist powerful, dominant propaganda. The ruling party Fidesz controlled all of the TV, 90% of the newspapers, the constitutional court, the bureaucracy... and yet people had the nerve to vote against it and resist it. It’s also an important election because Hungary created a huge network of well-funded think tanks and foundations that were funding other far right groups and projects. So that loss is going to have a knock-on effect in other places too, maybe even in Poland. JC: What you’ve said about resisting propaganda reminds me of one of the interviews you did about talking to Russians in the post-Soviet era who claimed that people knew that the system was lying. Why do people choose to believe in these regimes anyway? AA: Because it’s useful. Stephen Kotkin, an American historian, once described how people would learn how to “speak Bolshevik”: It was just a language that you needed to use in order to get by in society. If you didn’t talk the way the regime wanted you to talk, then you might have problems, or lose your job, or your kids would not get into university. It was a way of getting along. Communist Poland was similar, at least in the early years. When I was writing a book about the Sovietization of Eastern Europe after World War II, I met a lot of people who wanted to talk a lot about the war, when many of them had done really heroic things. But almost nobody wanted to talk about the decade afterwards, between 1945 and 1956. This was when you had the short period of terror, violence and Polish Stalinism. To stay safe, people felt the need to just go along with what others were saying, or stay out of politics, or use communist jargon without necessarily believing it. I don’t judge them for it, and I wouldn’t describe all of those people as collaborators. It’s easy to feel moral certainty in retrospect, because we know that communism ended. But if you were living in 1949, it might not have been clear to you that communism was going to end. In very repressive societies, maybe about 10% of people who are really evil – collaborators, torturers. Maybe 10% of people are really brave and who find ways to resist. And then around 80% of people have kids, they have parents, they have to have jobs and they’ve had to get through it somehow. Strange though it may sound, I’ve found that the work I did on that book is now very useful in explaining some of what’s going on in the United States today. There are plenty of members of the Republican Party in Congress who know perfectly well that Donald Trump says many things that aren’t true. But they avoid criticizing him because it’s inconvenient, because they would get in trouble, because someone would attack them on the internet. So actually you don’t even need mass terror to get people to conform. JC: Is Gen Z reinventing agency? AA: We’ll see. In any generation you can find groups of people who want agency. If you live in a society that’s unfair, for example where a tiny number of people have captured most of the wealth, then at a certain point people rebel. This is always easier for younger people, who have you have less to lose. The question now is how the internet will affect the relationships between citizens and the state, and how it will change organizations. The “Twitter revolutions” people spoke about as early as 2008-9, mass protests organized online, have often proved to be very superficial. Although you can easily join something just by clicking, the work of creating a real movement requires physical participation. Successful mass movements of the past, for example the Civil Rights movement in the United States, were built by people who had spent many years together. They had participated in non-violent workshops together. They practiced and prepared. Just using the you can get everybody to show up at a certain moment, but then when the protest is broken up, nothing happens. It’s also true that the repressive regimes have more recently learned how to use the internet to undermine leaders and movements. Most of all, they now understand how to make people cynical. The form of propaganda that most modern authoritarians use - and I think the Russians really pioneered this - deploys sneering cynicism. Instead of praising the rulers, the regime propagandists mock the opposition movement leadership for being supposedly corrupt or sexually degenerate, with the goal of undermining any kind of idealism. JC: MAGA grew on the internet? AA: MAGA is a real grassroots movement. They had symbols, red hats, they showed up at rallies. But you’re right that the cynicism, the sarcasm and the distrust that the movement embodies came originally from the internet, and this is different. Fifty years ago, most European political parties had a social base in real organizations, in trade unions for Social Democrats, in church groups for Christian Democrats. As people stopped going to church and as the trade unions became smaller, the social base of these parties disappeared. Now people who wouldn’t have known one another in the past meet on the internet and create new movements, many of which don’t last. JC: Is history ending? Going in stale circles? AA: History never ends. In truth, human beings want contradictory things at the same time: order and freedom, stability and change. These things are never resolved, and when a society swings too far in one direction, people always push it the other way. But each time that happens, the result is different. Certainly it is true that we are now in a period when old philosophers and ideas from the 1930s are undergoing a revival. Carl Schmitt, who was a philosopher who was very influential on the Nazis, is back as an influence on both the far left and the far right, once again inspiring people to think that all politics has to be existential, that all politics is about defining and defeating enemies. In the US, some are also bringing back dominionism, the idea that we need a Christian and not a secular state. It’s also true that we are living through a more fundamental shift. The old left-right divide, which was mostly about the size of the state, is much less important now. Instead, we are arguing about more fundamental things: what are our rights, what protects our freedom. Or how much power do we want to give small elites, versus how much power to give ordinary people. In America a small group of very wealthy people now control information, because they control the social media platforms and AI, which means they determine what people will read and learn. Finding a way to preserve preserve zones of autonomy and independent thinking, this is going to be the main task for the next generation. JC: What is the one book that a person interested in Central Europe should read? AA: You could read my book “Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe” which tells the story of how the Soviet Union imposed its culture on the region. Or read Tim Snyder’s history of the region, “The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus 1569-1999.” And everyone should read “The Captive Mind” by Czesław Miłosz, which describes exactly the phenomenon we were talking about: why do people collaborate? I joined Scott Galloway and the brilliant Fiona Hill in a discussion about the wars in Ukraine and Iran, the future of global power, and what these conflicts reveal about America's role in the world. Scott told us that this was the 400th edition of his podcast, which is quite a number: My friend Francesco Chiamulera runs a brilliant series of literary events, Una Colline di Libri, A Hill of Books, in the Prosecco Hills, a region of vineyards and elegant hill towns in the Veneto, north of Venice. We did an event in Vittorio Veneto and also drove and biked around the countryside. Buy Autocracy Inc Buy Iron Curtain Open Letters, from Anne Applebaum is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe
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