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Karl Rove and David Axelrod give their predictions for 12 key midterm races
Rove, the reviled and revered hardball strategist behind the George W. Bush years, and Axelrod, the Obama strategist behind Democrats’ authentic-and-tenacious school of thought, give their takes on races to watch.
2026 Nobel Prize in Medicine Honors Breakthrough That Lets Scientists Control the Brain With Light
An algal protein helped scientists reactivate a fear memory in mice, turning light into a tool for testing what specific brain cells do. Scientists who worked out how to control brain cells with light have won this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel were honored for their
The science of dew: Managing guttation to fight dollar spot
Learn why rolling, poling, or syringing after mowing can disrupt this sticky, disease-friendly cycle.
Holy Cross Health Receives Emergency Nurses Week Proclamation from City of Deerfield Beach - Florida Hospital News and Healthcare Report
Holy Cross Health nurses Lisa Alward, Angi Dionne, Karla Davis and Ian Worley receive an Emergency Nurses Week proclamation from City of Deerfield Beach Mayor Todd Drosky, Vice Mayor Michael Hudak […]
What's next in Karl-Anthony Towns, Knicks contract drama: Will he pick up his player option?
Brooklyn Nets Could Steal Karl-Anthony Towns From Knicks
The future of Karl-Anthony Towns with the New York Knicks will be one of the top stories of the entire NBA season. Towns has made multiple public comments expressing unhappiness over the contract negotiations with the Knicks. It appears that both sides are extremely far apart, despite Towns willing to take a discount to stay […] The post Brooklyn Nets Could Steal Karl-Anthony Towns From Knicks appeared first on HEAVY.
Karl-Anthony Towns Expresses Disappointment in Knicks’ Contract Decision
Karl-Anthony Towns reacts to the New York Knicks tabling negotiations.
Knicks champion Karl-Anthony Towns opens up about grief for World Mental Health Day
Knicks champion Karl-Anthony Towns is still grieving the loss of his mother six years ago to COVID-19.
Knicks' Towns opens up about grief for World Mental Health Day
Karl-Anthony Towns shared his emotional journey following the death of his mother six years ago to mark World Mental Health Day on Saturday.
Knicks' Karl-Anthony Towns opens up about grieving his mother
Knicks champion Karl-Anthony Towns is still grieving the loss of his mother six years ago to COVID-19
Knicks' Karl-Anthony Towns reportedly 'irked' owner James Dolan with extension talk comments
It seems like Karl-Anthony Towns has done enough talking in the media to make the owner of the organization unhappy. That could have been a major part in stopping the extension talks.
Jaguar reveals a $130,000 all-electric vehicle. Why?
At a darkly lit event in a Manhattan warehouse this week, actress Florence Pugh, Knicks player Karl-Anthony Towns as well as throngs of influencers all gawked at Jaguar Type 01, the British automaker’s first new model in nearly a decade.
Wolfsburg’s Cora Zicai grateful for first Germany starting opportunity
Germany international Cora Zicai has expressed her relief at returning to the German national team following Friday evening’s 4-2 friendly victory over Australia in Karlsruhe. The 21-year-old Wolfsb...
Karl-Anthony Towns sees Knicks lessons in boxing's sweet science
Knicks star Karl-Anthony Towns explains how boxing translates to basketball and why he expects a hungry Canelo Alvarez against Christian M'billi.
"There's still a pathway with Karl-Anthony Towns and …
"There's still a pathway with Karl-Anthony Towns and …
Chiefs Pass Rush Stats Lie, But George Karlaftis Proves It
The Chiefs haven't recorded a sack in three games, but the real numbers show a top-10 unit that just can't finish. Here is why the panic is overblown.
Karl-Anthony Towns would have to decline his player …
Karl-Anthony Towns would have to decline his player …
Knicks suspend contract extension talks for Karl-Anthony Towns, Josh Hart 'until later in the season'
- Karl-Anthony Towns - Josh Hart - Miles McBride - …
- Karl-Anthony Towns - Josh Hart - Miles McBride - …
Women’s Friendly Preview: Germany vs. Australia
Germany entertain Australia in Karlsruhe on Friday as women's football takes the first international break of the season. Both sides are already qualified for the 2027 Women’s World Cup.Christian W�...
Why Lennart Karl’s Bayern future could hinge on Michael Olise
At the age of 18, Lennart Karl has already established himself as a first-team player for Bayern Munich and as a Germany international.Following his breakthrough season in 2025/26, the question now is...
‘Feeling Is Part of Memory’: In Conversation With Nobel Laureate Karl Deisseroth
The newly named Nobel laureate reflects on using light to probe the brain, the relationship between science and art, and the deep questions that have guided his work.
California scientist wins a Nobel Prize, then makes school lunches for his kids
STANFORD, California (AP) — Dr. Karl Deisseroth spent hours fielding congratulatory calls after learning early Monday that he had won a Nobel Prize for medicine for helping to open a new field of brain science called optogenetics.
California scientist wins a Nobel Prize, then makes school lunches for his kids
Dr. Karl Deisseroth spent hours fielding congratulatory calls after learning that he had won a Nobel Prize for medicine for helping to open a new field of brain science called optogenetics.
Report: KAT Feeling Disrespected by Knicks
Karl-Anthony Towns says Knicks extension talks are going poorly after New York won a title with the former Timberwolves star.
Stanford Professor One Of Three Scientists Awarded The Nobel Prize In Medicine
Stanford professor Karl Deisseroth joins Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel as winners of the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on optogenetics.
Nobel Prize in medicine jointly awarded to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel
The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded Monday to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for their research into light-gated ion channels and optogenetics. The prize money this year is 12 million…
American Deisseroth and Germans Hegemann and Nagel win 2026 Nobel medicine prize
Scientists Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel won the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics," the award-giving body said on Monday.
Nobel Prize in medicine awarded to three scientists for their work ‘concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics’
The 2026 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine has been awarded to three scientists – Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel – for “their discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics.”
Scientists win Nobel Prize in medicine for work on ‘light-gated ion channels and optogenetics’
Scientists to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel won the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Karl Deisseroth, Georg Nagel and Peter Hegemann for work on optogenetics
Karl Deisseroth, Georg Nagel and Peter Hegemann developed optogenetics, which uses light and genetics to control individual cells
New Business Manager Appointed at Phelps-Clifton Springs School
Dan Friday is the new Phelps-Clifton Springs CSD business manager. He joins from East Rochester CSD, succeeding Karl Dubash, who took a role at Pittsford CSD.
Knicks’ contract talks with Karl-Anthony Towns hit another snag
Karl-Anthony Towns and the Knicks remain apart on an extension, with Towns reportedly willing to take less than $276 million but viewing New York’s requested discount as unreasonable.
Karl-Anthony Towns Opens Up About Near-Trade to Bucks
Karl-Anthony Towns played a pivotal role in the New York Knicks' championship run. So much so that it's crazy to think that he could've not been there for it.
Karl-Anthony Towns’ Knicks Contract Stance Gets Revealing Update
Karl-Anthony Towns is willing to compromise, but a new ESPN report reveals why his Knicks extension remains unresolved. The post Karl-Anthony Towns’ Knicks Contract Stance Gets Revealing Update appeared first on HEAVY.
Maureen Dowd, Karl Rove to Discuss Politics at Free Geneva Forum
Maureen Dowd and Karl Rove discuss politics at Geneva's free Stern Family Forum. Bill Whitaker moderates Friday at 7 p.m.
Karl-Anthony Towns and Knicks extension talks have not advanced
Karl-Anthony Towns and Knicks extension talks have not advanced
Rummenigge confirms new leadership structure for FC Bayern campus
Bayern Munich supervisory board member Karl-Heinz Rummenigge has confirmed a structural reorganisation at the Bayern campus, clarifying that sporting director Christoph Freund and campus director Jochen Sauer now hold complete operational authority over the club’s youth academy, and that Max Eberl will no longer have a say in their operations. Speaking on the executive hierarchy […]
Karl-Anthony Towns, Josh Hart extension talks create uncomfortable situation for Knicks title defense
Karl-Anthony Towns, Josh Hart extension talk turning Knicks vibes from immaculate to ominous
Karl-Anthony Towns breaks silence on contract negotiations with Knicks
Karl-Anthony Towns wants a resolution to the contract extension saga he's having with the Knicks.
Karl Rove says John Cornyn, not Paxton, could beat Talarico
Karl Rove speaks at the 2026 Texas Tribune Festival, focusing on the comments made by Bo French and the U.S. Senate race.
How Karl-Anthony Towns’ Contract Situation Determines Knicks’ Future
Karl-Anthony Towns could make a choice to help the Knicks in a big way.
"Michael’s game is more mature" – Rummenigge compares Olise to Yamal
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge believes Michael Olise and Barcelona’s Lamine Yamal are the best wingers in the world, even suggesting that the Bayern Munich star’s game is “more mature”.“Olise is out...
Kalle's legs of steel
The right man, perhaps, at the wrong time. Two European Cups, two Ballon d’Ors, a European Championship title and a World Cup final. Not a bad résumé for a 29-year-old player. Karl-Heinz Rummenigg...
Iowa State researcher part of multistate team recognized for work to improve livestock reproduction
Karl Kerns, assistant professor of animal science at Iowa State University, is part of an interdisciplinary team recognized this week with agInnovation's national 2026 Excellence in Multistate Research Award for collaborative work to improve reproductive performance in cattle and sheep.
George Karlaftis warns younger teammates before matchup with Dolphins
During Wednesday's press conference, Kansas City Chiefs DL George Karlaftis warned teammates before Week 3 vs. the Miami Dolphins | @EdEastonJr
Karl-Anthony Towns and Knicks, there’s been plenty of …
Karl-Anthony Towns and Knicks, there’s been plenty of …
Confirmed 2. Bundesliga lineups: Energie Cottbus vs. FC St. Pauli
Claus-Dieter Wollitz makes one change from the victory in Karlsruhe as Moritz Hannemann replaces Jannis Boziaris. Marcel Rapp has also made one change after the victory over Wolfsburg last weekend as...
'Shrinking' And 'Ted Lasso' Producer Bill Lawrence To Be Honored By Project Healthy Minds
Project Healthy Minds will honor TV producer Bill Lawrence and host NBA star Karl-Anthony Towns and actor Terry Crews at two mental health events.
Why Karl Rove is voting for a Democrat over Bo French
The GOP strategist who helped turn Texas into a ruby-red Republican paradise will be voting for a Democrat for just the second time in his life.
Rodo Sayagues Signs With Brillstein Entertainment Partners (EXCLUSIVE)
Filmmaker Rodo Sayagues has signed with Brillstein for management. He continues to be represented by WME and attorney Karl Austen.
Shailene Woodley's stylist responds to 'super rude and mean' reaction to the actor's Emmys outfit
In a pair of social media posts, Karla Welch hit back at critics who panned the "Paradise" star's red carpet look.
National Book Awards: Marlon James, Louise Erdrich and Karl Ove Knausgaard make long lists
Marlon James' novel “The Disappearers,” about the persecution of gay men in 1980s Jamaica, is nominated for a National Book Award | Talk 1370
National Book Awards: Marlon James, Louise Erdrich and Karl Ove Knausgaard make long lists
Marlon James' novel “The Disappearers,” about the persecution of gay men in 1980s Jamaica, is nominated for a National Book Award | WWL
Analysis | Why Karl Rove, a father of the modern Texas GOP, is voting for a Democrat
How Texas Republicans abandoned their immigrant-welcoming tradition.
Beautiful Diamond can bow out with repeat on Ayr raid
Karl Burke’s filly has shown a real affinity for the west coast track.
2. Bundesliga Preview: Karlsruher SC vs. 1. FC Nürnberg
Nürnberg will hope to bolster their promotion hopes with three points from Karlsruhe just before the extended international break. The visitors have only dropped points once this season – the 2-2 d...
New artist residency program at MIT expands views of the cosmos
MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research is launching a pilot artist-in-residence program to facilitate cross-disciplinary dialogue between art, science, and the public. Contemporary artist Amy Karle will be the inaugural artist, working with MIT students, faculty, and staff in 2026-27.
Married lesbians challenge GOP leaders in their political debut
Karlie and Amanda Easley are not hiding who they are: a married lesbian couple running in deep-red Idaho.
Yeah, when Masai Ujiri and coach Karl talk about it, …
Yeah, when Masai Ujiri and coach Karl talk about it, …
Karlsson joins Servette FC
Bologna FC 1909 can confirm that forward Jesper Karlsson has joined Servette FC on loan until 30 June 2027.
Quantum Theatre names next artistic director as founder prepares to retire
Katie Brook to take over as artistic director of Quantum Theatre in Pittsburgh, succeeding founder Karla Boos who is retiring after 36 years.
Aaron Rodgers praises Karl Ravech for ‘phenomenal’ ESPN tenure
Aaron Rodgers loves to hate on ESPN, and the Worldwide Leader may have given him a little more ammunition by parting ways with Karl Ravech. Rodgers was recently interviewed by Adam Schein on his SiriusXM Mad Dog Sports Radio show. At the end of the segment, Schein boldly gave Rodgers the open forum to share…
NASA’s 2024 DALI Award Selections
The DALI24 projects will expand NASA’s portfolio of technology available for the development of instruments for use in future lunar missions, including the
Monday Musings: The Ghost of ABC Sports
On the latest "Monday Musings," the lost legacy of ABC Sports 20 years after its dissolution. Plus, thoughts on Karl Ravech's exit from ESPN.
Gov. Abbott dismisses GOP worries about Texas, says voters will be 'rushing to vote for Ken Paxton'
Abbott also spoke with ABC News’ Jonathan Karl about Trump’s job performance.
Karoline Leavitt to work for Trump-affiliated super PAC after leaving White House
Leavitt previously worked for the super PAC as a spokesperson before joining President Donald Trump’s 2024 campaign.
Mind hacking: Stanford neuroscientist seeks to decode the brain’s toughest riddles
Stanford neuroscientist Karl Deisseroth is decoding the human brain to understand how our emotions are formed.
Packers preseason game highlights include a rising sideline reporter
Former WKOW sports director Karley Marotta shared a special tie with Pittsburgh Steelers coach Mike McCarthy. Both also have fresh new starts.
VST is 30 years old, and Steinberg is giving away some of its earliest plugins
It's the format that changed software music making forever: the VST plug-in format turns 30 this year. Steinberg is giving away updated versions of Neon, CS-40, Karlette, VB1, and LM7 -- some of its earliest plug-ins -- to celebrate. And that means you can run these vintage instruments (plus one tape delay) on your modern Mac or PC.
Despite Layoff, Karl Ravech Returns to ESPN Booth
Ravech was laid off after 33 years with ESPN.
5 Takeaways From ESPN’s Latest Layoffs
Ryan Clark, Cam Newton, and Karl Ravech were among those laid off.
ESPN to reportedly lay off Tom Pelissero, Karl Ravech
Karl Ravech joined ESPN back in 1993.
Milana ‘Mim’ Bizic of Aleppo honored by Tesla Science Foundation
Milana “Mim” Karlo Bizic took her then-11-year-old son Nick on vacation on July 1, 1981, for his birthday. There were two sites she wanted him to see — Niagara Falls and the statue of Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla. “I wanted him to experience the world’s wonder of Niagara Falls but
Charlton re-sign free agent Grant for second spell
Charlton Athletic re-sign free agent Karlan Grant for his second spell at the club.
It's Your Business
Dawn Stahl and her husband, Karl, have partnered with Burgess and Cline Insurance owners Kevin and Brooke Feeney to open Bookshop on the Square in Hartfield Book Co.’s old location
Will Auburn land four-star recruit Karlos May on Saturday?
Four-star recruit Karlos May announces his commitment Saturday with Auburn competing against Ohio State and Georgia. Will the Tigers come out on top?
In Good Health: The Alzheimer’s Research Revolution
An Alzheimer’s diagnosis can have a real impact on a person and their family. There’s a lot to consider — what the future will hold, what symptoms they’ll experience, and on what timeline.About 7.5 million people in the U.S. currently suffer from Alzheimer’s. Every year, around half a million more are diagnosed with the disease or another form of dementia. As the population gets older, that figure will continue to rise.For decades, researchers have struggled to understand these kinds of diseases. But when it comes to testing and treatment, particularly for Alzheimer’s, there have been significant advances in the past few years.In this installment of our series, “In Good Health,” we tackle the revolution in dementia research. What will that mean for patients?For more information on dementia research, find Pam Belluck’s latest reporting at the New York Times. And Dr. Karlawish’s “Neurotransmissions” column at STAT News, covering dementia care and research.Find more of our programs online. Listen to 1A sponsor-free by signing up for 1A+ at plus.npr.org/the1a.
Business offices to hopeful homes: Milliron Foundation moves forward with plan for veterans, seniors
That recommendation will now be sent to City Council for its vote on the building the Milliron Foundation purchased for $1 million a year ago
Final Injury Report for Fire-Storm: Will Karlie Samuelson Play?
The Portland Fire may be without one of their key players in Saturday night’s game against the Seattle Storm.
Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce are married. What to know about the wedding
Singer Camila Cabello, actors Hugh Grant, Ethan Hawke and Jason Sudeikis, and models Karlie Kloss and Gigi Hadid were among the guests
Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce are married. What to know about the wedding
Singer Camila Cabello, actors Hugh Grant, Ethan Hawke and Jason Sudeikis, and models Karlie Kloss and Gigi Hadid were among the guests
Karlie Kloss attends Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce's wedding a decade after reported falling out
Karlie Kloss and her husband, Joshua Kushner, attended Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce's wedding at Madison Square Garden a decade after rumors swirled that the singer and the supermodel had a falling out.
Karlie Kloss opens up about politics and Trump family ties
Karlie Kloss discusses politics, family and why dialogue still matters.
Lil Wayne, Karl-Anthony Towns top attendees at Michael Rubin's 2026 'White Party'
Some of the biggest names in the sports world partied with Fanatics CEO Michael Rubin at his annual "White Party."
New York Jets News: Karl Dunbar Leads Revamped Defensive Line
Your daily links to the New York Jets
Karl Stefanovic Speaks Out on Nine Exit After Tommy Robinson Scandal
The 'Today' host declares himself 'free' in a YouTube statement after Nine ends his contract following a deleted Tommy Robinson podcast episode.
New Orleans Pelicans Exercise Karlo Matkovic's Third-Year Option
The New Orleans Pelicans have exercised Karlo Matkovic's third-year option.
Karl Rove analyzes political fallout from US-Iran deal, public opinion of the conflict
Fox News contributor Karl Rove joins ‘Fox News Live’ to discuss the political implications of the Iran memorandum of understanding (MOU) and the potential impact of U.S. public opinion of the deal.
Knicks' Jalen Brunson and Karl-Anthony Towns thank fans on 'The Tonight Show'
"When we get the fans involved, and we give them something to cheer for, it's something special."
Victor Wembanyama Accused Of 'Classless' Reaction To NBA Finals Loss
Victor Wembanyama and the San Antonio Spurs fell in five on Saturday night. San Antonio blew a double-digit lead to New York, as the Knicks topped the Spurs, 4-1, in the 2026 NBA Finals. Jalen Brunson, Josh Hart, OG Anunoboy, Karl-Anthony Towns and the rest of the Knicks are NBA champions. ...
NBA Finals: Victor Wembanyama draws flagrant foul early in Game 4 loss, called for a flagrant after hitting Karl-Anthony Towns
Victor Wembanyama appeared to get the best of Mitchell Robinson early on Wednesday night at Madison Square Garden.
NBA Finals: Victor Wembanyama draws flagrant foul early in Game 4, called for a flagrant after hitting Karl-Anthony Towns
Victor Wembanyama appeared to get the best of Mitchell Robinson early on Wednesday night at Madison Square Garden.
We can create the future of science right now
Paul Litvak is the founder and Executive Director of the Robyn Dawes Institute and a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley. He has a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research from Carnegie Mellon where he studied emotions and the sunk cost bias. Over 15 years in industry, he solved a wide range of challenging technical problems. At Meta he created models optimizing the ad review process. At Google he ran experiments to measure social influence. At Airbnb, he was a product manager leading machine learning teams optimizing search ranking and price suggestions. He also co-founded and led product at Rhythmic Health, a venture-backed biosensing startup, creating an accurate low cost system using a color changing strip and a smart phone to measure salivary lactate. The bottleneck At this point, it is uncontroversial to say that science needs to stop using the PDF article as the unit of knowledge and currency. The unbearable slowness of scientific publishing, the profit motive and margins: I’m not saying anything new. The PDF also sucks because it’s hard to extract structured information, which makes it hard to do evidence synthesis. As a result, we do much less evidence synthesis than is needed. And evidence synthesis ultimately undergirds most policy and medical decision-making. I can see second-by-second real-time odds for any sporting or newsworthy event, but a school board can’t see the best evidence on whether their 8th graders should be taught algebra. As a society, we don’t treat this as an important problem. Again, not controversial. Not only is the problem well understood, but the solution has already been laid out. What we need is AI-assisted living evidence synthesis - (1) an open knowledge graph of atomic claims, (2) claims linked to evidence, (3) assessment and synthesis of each piece of evidence, and (4) continuous updating with new data. What few realize (yet) is that the technical capacity to build this vision for a significant portion of science already exists. Not only that, scientists and startup teams are already building many of these components. I know this because I’ve been surveying the space and talking to many of the builders. There are some missing pieces: for example, evaluations of how well some of the components work. But at this point, most of what’s missing is a fully end-to-end working integration of all of these parts. In the rest of this essay, I’m going to lay out all the parts of a working living evidence layer for science and who is working on them, and propose concrete next steps for building this system. What’s now possible The diagram above outlines the components of a living evidence synthesis platform, including some of the teams working on each component1. Scientific PDFs are processed into claims with associated evidence. The evidence is subjected to a forensic audit, methodological evaluation and robustness and reproducibility checks. Finally it’s given a weight in a continuously updating synthesis. What follows is a description and status of each component and a few of the teams working on them. Document understanding The first thing you need to be able to do is turn an article into structured data. Mostly that means parsing PDFs. There are often multicolumn layouts that confuse non-specialized PDF to text processing libraries. For scientific papers, there is the added complexity of parsing formulas and tables and figures. This is a really hot area - there are startups offering APIs, and it seems like a new open source package gets posted to Github every few weeks. What follows isn’t exhaustive. A package called GROBID was the state of the art for a while, they didn’t update their package for nearly two years until very recently. In the meantime reducto.ai released an AI powered PDF extraction API, PaddleOCR became popular, IBM released a model called Docling, and both Mistral and Gemini created models and libraries. I also know of at least one other well-funded psychology research group working on a paper parser. By contrast, there are few open evals in this space, with no extensive evals for complex table comprehension in particular. Nonetheless, I’m confident this will be a solved problem soon, given the combination of LLM advances and developer interest. Hypothesis level extraction There has been increasing interest in comprehending the extracted text of papers and linking information to evidence for each hypothesis. A lot of work has already been done. Trialstreamer (Marshall et al. 2020) and RobotReviewer LIVE (Marshall et al. 2023) demonstrated automated extraction of trial population, intervention, and outcome at scale on clinical RCTs. PaperQA2 (Skarlinski et al. 2024) and Ai2 ScholarQA (2024) extended this to retrieval-augmented question answering with citation grounding. Elicit, Consensus, and SciSpace operationalized claim-level extraction for end users. OpenEval (Booeshaghi et al. 2026) is the most recent and most ambitious: 1.96 million atomic claims extracted from 16,087 eLife manuscripts using Claude Sonnet 4.5, grouped into ~299,000 results, with LLM evaluations showing 81% agreement with human peer review on a 2,487-paper subset. None of these solutions link claims to test-statistics, as you would need to evaluate randomized controlled trials. This is why I built the evidence.guide API - to extract hypotheses and associated test statistics from behavioral science papers. The best public eval of this kind of extraction I’m aware of comes from the recent SCORE project - they had humans code thousands of psychology papers to extract their claims by hand. It would be extremely helpful to the world if all scientific PDFs were available as structured open data. I’ve been working to make this happen, both directly at Berkeley and through coordination with large entities I can’t yet speak of; as hard as it is to do, I think it’s possible2. Forensic audit A lot of work has been done on forensic audit, but some gaps remain. Of course, for biology papers that rely on images for evidence, there are a variety of tools (notably Proofig and ImageTwin) to spot anomalies. These are still well short of what sleuths like Elizabeth Bik can do on her own, but these tools are constant companions among fraud analysts. There’s someone working on auditing Excel files for anomalies, and a number of teams are automating numerical checks like GRIM and SPRITE, including Scrutiny project, the INSPECT-SR team as well as statcheck. The regcheck team is building a way to use AI to compare preregistrations to analyses in papers, to ensure there aren’t significant deviations. Nonetheless, there are many other kinds of anomalies to screen for, both public and less publicly known. And there are no formal evals for anomaly detection that I’m aware of. Still, there’s a lot to draw from in this space and I’m pretty certain we will be able to scan papers for most kinds of obvious anomalies in the near future. Methodological review This area has been white hot, though I fear for many of the startups in this space, because this capability may become commoditized. There are at least six different AI peer review companies, including Refine.ink, Reviewer3, ReviewerZero.ai, Q.E.D. Science, Paper Wizard, and Isitcredible. Coarse (a pun on refine) was also recently created as an open source alternative. These systems provide qualitative feedback on the content of papers, spotting methodological weaknesses and mathematical errors. They seem to work pretty well, and many academics report bitterly that they exceed the average quality of typical peer reviewers. But there are few evals here either. What evals exist so far involve using LLM-as-judge (circularity problems abound) or comparing against human reviews of questionable quality. What you’d ideally want is an eval that measures capturing known errors in papers3. Reproducibility and robustness Another active area has been using AI agents to automate computational reproducibility4 and robustness5 checks in papers that report numerical results. For more recent papers where data and code are available, AI agents can see whether they can re-run the analyses and produce the numbers reported in the published paper. In addition to a handful of individual academics who have been experimenting using Claude Code for this, the Institute for Replication is a leading group working on building an end to end system. The evals related to this problem are the most mature, with CORE-Bench (Siegel, Kapoor, Narayanan 2024) and PaperBench (OpenAI 2025) available to benchmark agents on this task. There is also work on getting AI agents to test alternative ways of analyzing the data to ensure the results are robust to small analytic design choices. Synthesis This is the most underdeveloped area where significant investment is required. Although some automated evidence synthesis systems exist — for example, otto-sr is building an AI agent to write systematic reviews — none of these incorporate the full range of paper level signals to weight evidence appropriately. Nor is there anything like an eval or a gold standard for a good systematic review. Arguably Cochrane reviews are the closest we have to gold standard human systematic reviews, though I’ve heard academics in the know complain about their uneven quality. A key question for a synthesis platform is how to weight anomalies and methodological issues in assessing the quality of a piece of evidence. This is an unsolved problem and one I’m very keen to work on. Continuous updating There are many pieces of basic infrastructure available for monitoring for new research and initiating updates. OpenAlex is the current open citation graph. Retraction Watch integrated into Crossref in October 2023. Scite tracks how citations support, contrast, or mention prior claims. The Living Evidence Network demonstrated continuous-update workflows in clinical guidelines. Engineering this is a relatively straightforward task. When you look over this technical architecture and all the progress being made, it’s hard not to be optimistic that a living guide to scientific evidence will be built. The stakeholders are ready The social infrastructure for this is starting to coalesce — it’s not just a pie in the sky academic exercise to imagine this coming into existence. Institutions like the Center for Open Science, the Institute for Replication, the INSPECT-SR, the Living Evidence Network and more are all working on scaling work to improve research quality. Funders are also aligned. The Sloan Foundation has funded living evidence work through COS. Coefficient Giving supports the Institute for Replication and COS. The Astera Institute and the Institute for Progress have shown interest in this space. NIH has established an Office for Replication and Reproducibility. Although there are (very unfortunately) serious headwinds in science funding generally, there is an active group of funders interested in metascience. A brief word about what I’ve been doing at RDI. First, as a Visiting Scholar at Berkeley I’ve been actively figuring out how a non-profit and a public university can conduct and make public the results of large-scale academic article data mining. With some of the money I raised from donors, I commissioned a legal analysis of recent case law and publisher text data mining (TDM) agreements in order to understand whether a massive open data mining of academic articles is possible (with caveats, it is). I’ve also been working to bring together stakeholders in this space, and identify gaps. I’ve also been doing some software development in this space, with more to come. A pilot proposal The assumption undergirding all of this is that an AI, given all this information, would make the right judgment about a scientific claim with lots of conflicting evidence, weighing all the factors appropriately. That’s the hypothesis we need to test. Randomized control trial research is the best place to focus on first. RCTs are used to make many of the important decisions in society - from medical trials to public policy changes. And they use a relatively uniform set of inferential statistics with lots of known and available diagnostics. Behavioral science experiments, within the broader realm of RCTs, should be first used as a testbed whose results can be generalized. Because behavioral science is at the vanguard of open science practices, replications abound (there are thousands of them) to serve as ground truth training data. Key Hypothesis Therefore the pilot would test, in behavioral RCTs that have been replicated, whether the quality of evidence for a claim can be used to accurately predict whether that claim will replicate. Secondary Hypotheses Compared to claims that replicated, non-replicated claims demonstrate a greater share of forensic anomalies in their source literatures. Hypothesis level claim and statistic extraction is accurate enough to scale living evidence without onerous human review costs. Replication prediction is more accurate than prediction markets6 or journal prestige. If all the different quality signals we gather do accurately predict which studies will replicate, then we can use that model to score evidence to power the living evidence layer. Why this is informative regardless of outcome If the pilot succeeds, the architecture extends to medical RCTs (where Living Evidence already operates and integration is mostly about claim representation), then to slices of basic biology with stable replication structure. If it fails, the field learns which quality signals are load-bearing and which ones metascience has oversold. Either result is a contribution to knowing what the literature supports. Implications for funders Because this burgeoning ecosystem of builders already exists, a well-informed philanthropic or government funder could play a crucial catalyzing role in bringing this future about. They could play at least three roles: creating open structured datasets, publishing open benchmarks and incentivizing the solving of key technical challenges. First, open archives of papers that the government maintains, like PubMed, could be turned into structured data amenable to large scale metascience and claim aggregation. I know the US government already has an interest in doing this, though some key open questions remain unanswered. How do you determine the best models and systems for accurately extracting information from papers? How can you establish a robust way to allow researchers to flag errors and correct them? And finally, how do you create a legal regime in working with publishers to maximize the scope of available papers? For the latter, a university or a private philanthropy may be better positioned to make structured data publicly available under journal subscription terms or fair use. Philanthropists or government funders could also coordinate to create or commission benchmarks that evaluate whether important problems have been solved. For example, an open benchmark for claim extraction from a range of different scientific article types would be extremely helpful. Ensuring the underlying data are accurate is vital for creating these evaluations. I’ve discussed opportunistically using various human-created datasets for this purpose, but a consistent problem is that errors in human data make it difficult for them to serve as a gold standard. Finally, with structured data and benchmarks available, the government or private philanthropy could use them to incentivize groups to develop machine learning systems that meet these benchmarks. Prizes are one potentially valuable tool for this. For example, you could establish a prize for a system that accurately updates a living meta-analysis for a small set of claims. Prizes are particularly useful as signals of problem importance, and can help create vibrant ecosystems of public and private research—see, for example the role the government played in kickstarting the current work on nuclear fusion. Conclusion The drawbacks of the current scientific publishing system are known. Scientists agree, metascientists agree, philanthropists agree: the published PDF plus citation graph isn’t the right substrate for maintaining a representation of the evidence base in science. The pieces needed to build the alternative either already exist or are rapidly taking shape. The community is forming around exactly this problem, with concrete partnerships and shared infrastructure. A pilot should start on behavioral science RCTs because that’s the slice of empirical science most amenable to legibility, where replication ground truth is richest, and where the failure modes are best documented. What’s been missing is the galvanizing mission to assemble these pieces into something that works. That’s what I’m proposing to build. *** 1 I have a broader field map that I’ll release publicly soon. This is me, building in public! 2 If this is something that you are excited about, please reach out and talk to me. 3 More on this very soon too! 4 This tests whether, given the code and the data, you can get the same statistics as reported in the published paper. 5 This tests whether the results are the same as a paper’s given alternative analytical decisions in conducting the analysis (like outlier omission). Closely related is the idea of a “multiverse” where you come up with many different ways of answering the same underlying research question with the same data, and test whether the results hold in all those alternative methods. There’s been work on the latter as well. 6 Some of the replications, e.g. those from the SCORE project, had paired the experiments with forecasts from prediction markets. So we get to look at this for free.
Julian Nagelsmann explains his decision to call up Assan Ouédrago
The former FC Bayern boss is adding in Ouédrago in lieu of injured wonderkid Lennart Karl.