SCROLL NEWS / DISCOVERY
Search headlines
Find the stories shaping the conversation.
Results for " grave " 207 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle
Scientists Dug Into a Weird Patch on The Seafloor. They Unearthed a Watery Grave
There were bones and teeth.
Scientists Dug Into a Weird Patch on The Seafloor. They Unearthed a Watery Grave
There were bones and teeth.
Talking Tombstones brings education and entertainment together
Talking Tombstones has been digging up history for the past two decades. This is year 21 and Talking Tombstones XXI: Grave New Day returns from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. […]
Arkansas awards $16 million for trails, sidewalks and pedestrian improvements
The Arkansas Department of Transportation has awarded more than $16.1 million in federal funding for 47 projects across the state, including improvements to sidewalks, walking trails, bicycle routes and recreational...
Hundreds of graves buried beneath a Clearwater business despite a $7.5M settlement
A $7.5 million settlement is bringing a three-year legal battle over a historic Black cemetery in Clearwater closer to an end, while questions remain about hundreds of graves buried beneath a local business.
Seattle’s Brudi Brothers on opening for Kacey Musgraves, new album
The Seattle folk trio have played their share of milestone stages. But the next one is a different beast.
Green Bay Packers add former first-round pick amid defensive line injury concerns
The Green Bay Packers are searching for defensive line help after injuries weakened their options up front. With starting nose tackle Javon Hargrave out, veteran Chris McClellan is expected to fill the role, but Green Bay has limited depth behind him. To strengthen the rotation, the Packers have signed a former first round pick to [...]
Ex-GOP Kansas governor compares Trump rally to ‘freak show’ while backing Democrat in Senate race
Roman child’s grave contains coin to pay afterlife entry fee
The 1,750-year-old remains were unearthed under a construction site in Bulgaria.
Scientists Examine 5,000-Year-Old Skulls and Uncover a Disturbing Secret of Egypt’s First Kings
Serving Egypt’s earliest kings may have carried a deadly cost, and overlooked skull injuries are giving a century-old suspicion new weight. Some of Egypt’s earliest royal tombs at Abydos are surrounded by hundreds of smaller graves. When Flinders Petrie excavated the site in the 1920s, he suspected that so many people could not have died
100 WWI Shipwrecks Are Being Eaten By The Sea. Scientists Figured Out How to Save Them.
Zinc and aluminum rods absorb corrosion so Gallipoli’s war graves can survive decades more.
Stress Testing 6 Completely Different Gravel Bikes to Find the Future of Gravel
In episode 2 of the Velo Gravel Field Test, we put our 6 test bikes through 3 rounds of head to head challenges: climbing, descending, and efficiency.
'Lincoln in the Bardo' leaps from book to stage in Missy Mazzoli's new opera
“Lincoln in the Bardo” is an opera set in a graveyard, featuring Abraham Lincoln grieving his son's death | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
'Lincoln in the Bardo' leaps from book to stage in Missy Mazzoli's new opera
“Lincoln in the Bardo” is an opera set in a graveyard, featuring Abraham Lincoln grieving his son's death | WWL
BUSINESS UPDATE: A 138-year-old New York Manufacturer Gets Another Life in Fulton
E.J. Willis Co. was founded in New York City in 1888 and for generations it has made ship’s bells and other equipment for the U.S. Navy and American shipbuilders. This summer, the new owner moved the company’s equipment to Fulton By Stefan Yablonski E. J. Willis Co. cast brass ship’s bells — handcrafted in the United States since 1888. Ship bells, “built to last a lifetime at sea,” are now manufactured in Fulton. E.J. Willis Co. has moved its operation and manufacturing business to Fulton. They are currently operating out of N.E.T & Die. The company is now under the ownership of Jonathan Hyatt. He recently acquired the company after seeing a for sale note on Craigslist. [caption id=attachment_11110 align=alignright width=400] Entrepreneur Jonathan Hyatt is the new owner of E.J. Willis Co. He bought the business this summer after finding a listing on Craigslist by chance.[/caption] “I had been looking for something to do. I had been 20 years in corporate America and I was just tired of building someone else’s empire, you know what I mean? I was in consulting, pretty much a jack of all trades. I wanted to do something that I could call my own,” he explained. “I’d been on this path of trying to find a business to buy for about a year. One night I am on Craigslist about 11:30 in mid-April searching for something completely unrelated. At the bottom of Craigslist was a ‘things you might be interested in from outside of your area.’ There was an ad that said 138-year-old bell manufacturing company for sale. So, I clicked; why not, right? I wasn’t looking to buy a manufacturing company, but I went down the rabbit hole, absolutely fell in love with the history and ended up buying it.” He read the ad and responded. “I called and I am talking to the owner of the business for about two hours. We ended with, let’s have another chat and then come on out here and have a look. I figured, well I might wind up getting kidnapped and getting murdered or there is a real business here. But I gotta see it through,” he quipped. “And sure enough, there is a big machine shop operation there. The gentleman who owned it was retiring and in the corner of this shop is a little room where they make bells and they have been doing this ever since the company had started.” That’s the one constant thing that has survived the changes of the business. [caption id=attachment_11061 align=alignright width=300] Sales 1929 general catalog published by E. J. Willis Co, listing all the merchandise it sold. It’s like the Sears Roebuck and Co. catalog for marine parts.[/caption] “I drove home and told my wife, ‘This is what I am doing for the rest of whatever we are calling this — mid-life crisis.’ And she said, ‘absolutely you got to do it.’ I took out a loan and off we go.” He put in an offer on the business and they closed on July 1. He didn’t disclose what he paid for the company. “In terms of price, the seller and I have agreed to keep those terms private.” “I am finding that I am a business owner, an archeologist, opening files and cabinets that haven’t been opened in 100 years. It’s just amazing, just cool things that I am finding,” he said. “I want to build the business back. I want to be able to sell the bells to outsiders. I think they are beautiful. “It’s really a wild story about a company that started in lower Manhattan, exploded in the automotive space, sold parts to the Wright Brothers, moved into the aeronautical world and then landed in marine. The cool thing, I have been digging around and the gentleman who owned the company prior to me was not a digital guy. There is nothing out there. “Now I am sitting here with all the art from like the 1930s, the E.J. Willis boat catalog it’s like 250 pages of things this company used to make. It’s like the Sears-Roebuck and Co. catalog for marine parts. We are modernizing, we are staying true to the heritage of the business. It’s exciting to be the next steward of the whole business.” Initially he thought he’d move everything from the company’s plant in Middleville, Herkimer County, to Boston, out of convenience. “Then I thought let’s keep the foundry where it is. Let’s not move anything right away,” he said. “I want to get a good sense of what we’ve got, what works and what doesn’t. “I went to the foundry and met with the people there, lovely people, and said here is my position — I am buying a company where everyone is retiring. There is machining and polishing to be done, who would you work with around here? Without hesitation they said, ‘you need to go to NET Tool & Die and talk to Michelle [Shatrau]. She is a third-generation machinist and she runs the company now.’” So, he drove to Fulton. “I knocked on the door, they let me in. And she said, ‘how’d you get in here?’” he said with a laugh. “We became fast friends. I told her what I am doing. It must have struck a nerve. She has a very entrepreneurial background. I must have said something right because she came out and she said, ‘I’d love to help you. Why don’t we move the equipment that you have into my large building and I will give you a space to work at and use my team?’” [caption id=attachment_11058 align=alignleft width=300] Bell in progress awaiting assembly[/caption] It’s a great relationship so far. “We are bringing the business into the modern world. It’s been a lot of stuff all at once. But it has been very exciting,” he said. “We moved in a month ago [in July]. We closed on the business July 1. We moved a couple weeks later. We had all our equipment set up, electrical being run, everything. [caption id=attachment_11059 align=alignright width=300] Bell attached to a lathe going through the machining process[/caption] “We’re working with NET Tool & Die to rebuild production and preserve manufacturing processes that, in some cases, existed mostly in the heads and hands of the people who had been doing them for decades. We’re currently working on several 200-pound ship’s bells and bringing an old two-way manual bilge pump back into production.” He said he will be working with NET employees for the time being, adding, “I’d love to get to a point where I have so much growth that I need to hire people.” No one wakes up and says, ‘I am buying a bell today,’ Hyatt admitted. [caption id=attachment_11060 align=alignleft width=225] Bell after receiving a custom etching toward the bell mouth[/caption] “Everyone does wake up and has things that deserve acknowledgment and remembering — a promotion, a marriage, the birth of a child,” he said. “These are the things I feel like if there was something that could capture a particular moment in time and will literally outlast the person that bought it, a bell is that. We can engrave a bell if you get married or the birth of a child. We can put anything on a bell. “I have orders, yes. I am working on several orders right now. We have a little bit of busyness. But there are still some things to work out. I want to make things consistently and continue to move forward.”
Kacey Musgraves fires back after Noem jab over Talarico
In a Monday post on social media, Noem voiced support for Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton in the Republican’s Senate bid against Democrat James Talarico.
Experts Identified The Gravest Health Threats Facing Humanity
This is what we’re up against.
Experts Identified The Gravest Health Threats Facing Humanity
This is what we’re up against.
Belgrade road producer to Flint: Competition, permitting delays, affordability hinder business
Knife River in Belgrade, a local sand, gravel and asphalt producer, pointed to outside competition, permitting delays and affordability challenges as main hurdles affecting its business during a tour and
Javon Hargrave to miss rest of season
Packers DT Javon Hargrave diagnosed with torn Achilles
Packers Lose Fourth Player to Season-Ending Injury
Javon Hargrave’s torn Achilles marks a devastating fourth blow for the Green Bay Packers.
Some Republicans reject Trump’s move to import diesel fuel from Russia
“It’s a grave error by the president,” said Rep. Don Bacon, a Nebraska Republican. “People realize that the sanctions on Russia are appropriate when Russia’s invading a country."
Who Were the Vikings? 21 Graves Weave a Tale of Hunters, Nomads and Sorceresses.
“The Sea-King and the Sorceress” examines the lives and deaths of the diverse people who called themselves Vikings.
The grave consequences of politicizing science
If political ideology determines which scientific questions receive support, science ceases to function as a check on power.
Arlington County Sues to Block Trump’s Triumphal Arch
The county is home to Arlington National Cemetery, the military gravesite that is central to the legal battle over the planned arch.
Testing 6 Completely Different Gravel Bikes Head to Head to Find the Future of Gravel
Gravel bikes are as varied as the people who ride them. We tested six completely different models at the Velo Field Test to find out where gravel is headed.
Kacey Musgraves covers Selena and finds 'Middle of Nowhere' in Houston
Kacey Musgraves brought Selena covers, Tex-Mex soul & radical inclusion to Houston’s Toyota Center.
Missouri’s 6th Congressional district: What to know about the candidates running in November
A Democrat, a Republican and a Libertarian are running to fill the seat vacated by the retiring Sam Graves, which covers most of the upper portion of Missouri.
Photos | Redwood Coast Music Festival fills Eureka with listening entertainment through weekend
Venues include the Sequoia Conference Center, Veterans Memorial Building, Adorni Center, Eagle House, Red Lion Hotel, Eureka Theater and the Morris Graves Museum.
Massive Ryan Gravenberch worry coming out, Liverpool have a problem
Liverpool have a problem here. There's a massive worry coming out with Ryan Gravenberch and it threatens to disrupt the Reds' plans.Ryan Gravenberch was on top of the world in 2024/25. The midfielder ...
Good science requires much more than evidence
Empiricists believe that scientific theories are true only if they make correct empirical predictions: if we can't verify these predictions, then there is no reason to expect that they tell us anything about reality. However, Professor of Philosophy at King's College David Kyle Johnson argues that this is mistaken. In response to Bas van Fraassen, who has written on this subject for the IAI, he argues that we have many reasons for believing a theory to be true, such as it being parsimonious and having large scope — qualities which have been used throughout the history of science as criteria for judging theories. In 2024, Princeton philosopher Bas van Fraassen wrote a short article for IAI News entitled “Science Does not Describe Reality: The Limits and Benefits of Explanation.” At the time, I was working on two projects (a science book and a Great Course) that, when completed, would (among other things) defend science’s ability to describe reality. I wanted to write a response to van Fraassen, but the projects demanded too much of my attention. But now that those projects are complete, I am in a position to explain the objections to van Fraassen’s thesis. Summarizing van Fraassen’s argumentIn a nutshell, his argument is this: What scientists do is make predictions based on theories and then invite others to test to see whether those predictions are borne out. “If theory T is right, result R should happen in experimental condition C.” Many think that running an experiment that shows that R happens in condition C is proof that theory T is true (and should be believed). But, van Fraassen argues, that R happened in condition C is only a reason to think that R happens in condition C. That’s the only observable, or empirical, result we can actually see, so that is all that we are really justified in believing. (The underlying theory that made that prediction still may or may not be true.) That is why he calls those who accept his position “empiricists.”Before I explain what is wrong with this position, let me explain what it gets right. What van Fraassen Gets RightFirst, a theory correctly predicting the results of an experiment is not, strictly speaking, “proof” that the theory is correct. The basic line of reasoning is this:If the theory T is true, result R should happen. Result R did happen. Thus, theory T is true.In other words:“If T then R. R. Thus, T.”This is a deductively invalid, fallacious mode of reasoning, called “affirming the consequent.” Those premises do not guarantee that the conclusion follows. “If I am in Pennsylvania, then I am in the USA. I am in the USA. Thus, I am in Pennsylvania.” Clearly that argument doesn’t guarantee its conclusion; neither does the above argument.However, science is not a deductive method of reasoning; it is an inductive one. And inductive arguments merely try to raise the probability of their conclusion, not “prove” them for certain. Thus, the fact that an experimental result doesn’t prove a theory is true is irrelevant; it’s not supposed to. That is not what scientific reasoning is about.___If the hypothesis that something exists clearly provides the best explanation for what we can observe, then the belief that it exists is what is rational.___Second, it’s also true that a single experimental result doesn’t provide enough justification to believe that a theory is true. Scientists do not come to a consensus about whether a theory is true by looking at a single experiment; they look at all the evidence to determine where the preponderance of evidence points. The mere fact that I am in the USA raises the probability that I am in Pennsylvania, but not nearly enough to conclude that I am in Pennsylvania. However, if I am also regularly encountering people wearing Eagles and Phillies hats and seeing advertisements for Founding Father tours, I probably am. In the same way, a theory successfully predicting the outcome of one experiment is not enough to conclude that it is true; but if a theory makes a wide variety of predictions that are all vindicated by multiple experiments, performed by many different groups and people, all actively trying to prove the theory false (which is what good scientific experiments are designed to do)—that is a good reason to conclude that the theory is true. In other words, if you repeatedly try to prove something false but can’t, that is a very good indication that it isn’t. The problem of underdeterminationIn reply, those whom van Fraassen calls “empiricists” often point to the “problem of underdetermination.” For any given theory that makes successful predictions about what happens in experimental conditions, there are countless other possible theories that make exactly the same predictions—and since they do, the experimental evidence in question is just as much reason to accept any of those theories as it is to accept our original one. Thus, the argument goes, we have no way of knowing whether our original theory is true, or one of the other “predictively equivalent” theories is true. SUGGESTED VIEWING How Occam's Razor changed the world With Johnjoe McFadden As an example of underdetermination, philosophers often offer this example. The evidence of fossils seems to provide reason to conclude that the universe is quite old; ancient fossils are what the “ancient universe” hypothesis predicts. But it’s also possible that God created an ancient-looking universe 200 years ago, complete with a “fake” fossil record for us to find, to make it look old. The existence of fossils is what that theory predicts too. So, the argument goes, the fossil record can’t be used as evidence that the universe is ancient; the fossil record supports the “200-year-old ancient-looking universe” theory just as much. The problem of underdetermination points out that, for any theory with supporting evidence, we could invent another completely different theory that predicts exactly the same evidence, and thus undermine that evidence’s ability to support the original theory.But this “argument from underdetermination” betrays a fundamental misunderstanding of what scientific reasoning is and how it works. To explain, let me use another rather strange (but very real and commonly discussed) philosophical thought experiment called “The Grue Problem.” The “Grue” ProblemSuppose I want to know what color emeralds are, so I observe a few, see that they all appear green, and form the theory that “all emeralds are green.” I thus predict that the next 100 emeralds I find will also appear to be green. And let’s say that happens, and so I thus conclude that my theory that all emeralds are green is true. Now, one might rightly point out that I don’t know for sure that all emeralds are green—I have not seen them all. Maybe some I haven’t found yet are blue. Fair enough. After all, we used to think that all swans were white, until we found some black ones. But let’s say that I go on a quest and collect every emerald in the universe—and, for the sake of the argument, let’s say I can do this, and can even know that I have every one of them. So, I collect them all, look at them all, and verify that they all appear green. Can’t I now rightly conclude that all emeralds are green?Inspired by the problem of underdetermination, a friend might argue that I cannot.Sure, they all appear green now—but there could be another kind of color called “grue.” Something is grue if it is green up to a certain point in time, but then spontaneously turns blue. And there could be an infinite number of “shades” of grue. Something that is one shade of grue will turn blue at noon today, but something that is another shade of grue will turn blue at noon tomorrow, etc. So yes, the emeralds appear green now; and since they haven’t turned blue yet, they are not some “past” shade of grue. But they might be some “future” shade of grue (e.g., they may turn blue at noon tomorrow). And since all future shades of grue are consistent with “being green up to this point in time,” the evidence you have is completely consistent with the notion that all emeralds are some future shade of grue, rather than green. Indeed, that they would appear green until now is what the “some future shade of grue” hypothesis predicts. So, we have just as much reason to conclude that all emeralds are some shade of grue as we do to conclude that they are green.You’re probably thinking “It’s not equally possible that the emeralds are grue; they are obviously green.” You are right! But explaining why your instinctive reaction to my friend’s argument is correct will help inform why van Fraassen’s “empiricist” is wrong and science actually does describe reality.The main mistake my friend makes is in thinking that the “empirical evidence” (of all the emeralds appearing green) is (or even should be) all I am using to draw the conclusion that all emeralds are green. It is not. I am also considering known facts about how colors typically work; things don’t usually change color, and when they do, they don’t do so suddenly, without cause, and all at once. So, even though the simple evidence of the emeralds all appearing green up to this point is consistent with them being some future shade of grue—that is even what the grue hypothesis “predicts”—it is still exceedingly unlikely that they are. The hypothesis that they are green is much more likely. Understanding science refutes the problem of underdetermination The misunderstanding about science that the “empiricist” pointing to “the problem of underdetermination” makes is similar to the one that my friend made. Science is not just about considering experimental evidence; in fact, it’s not even just about considering empirical evidence. As Ernan McMullin and many other philosophers of science have pointed out, the inference that makes science is “inference to the best explanation” (sometimes called “abduction” or “retroduction” by McMullin). While, depending on the circumstances, scientists use many different kinds of reasoning, science as a whole is, simply put, the process of considering multiple competing explanations and comparing them to certain criteria—explanatory criteria (the kinds of things explanations must be and do, by definition, to be a good explanation)—to see which explanation is the best.And these criteria do not deal only with empirical results. Yes, successful predictions raise the probability of a hypothesis, but it’s also the case that the more new assumptions a theory makes, the less likely it is to be true; every new assumption presents an opportunity for the theory to be false. (The fewer assumptions a theory makes, the simpler or “more parsimonious” it is said to be.) Likewise, the more existing evidence a theory contradicts, the less likely it is, because in order for a theory to be true, every piece of evidence it contradicts has to be somehow faulty. (The fewer established theories a new theory contradicts, the more “conservative” it is said to be.) And, obviously, the more something explains, the better explanation it is. (This is called having “scope.”) If a theory raises unanswerable questions, it’s not expanding our understanding, and thus is not wide-scoping. Scientists consider all these things when deciding which theory to accept, because the theory that adheres best to these explanatory criteria is most likely to be true.___the mere fact that a theory’s predictive success is why it “sticks around” or “becomes accepted” in the scientific community is not a reason to be skeptical about its truth.___The reason the grue hypothesis is no good is because it invents an entirely new kind of color—not just a new shade, but an entirely different category of color (a different way colors work)—and thus is not parsimonious. It raises unanswerable questions about how and why emeralds would just spontaneously change from green to blue (and thus does not have wide scope). And it contradicts what is already well established about how color works (and thus is unconservative).The theories that the problem of underdetermination points to do the same thing. Yes, the theory that God created an “ancient-looking universe” (complete with an ancient-looking fossil record) two hundred years ago is also consistent with the empirical evidence (of a fossil record) that presently exists; but that theory is monumentally unparsimonious (it requires many extra assumptions about infinite entities) and not wide-scoping (it raises unanswerable questions about why God would do such a thing). So, I can rationally conclude that it is false.Indeed, the history of science includes many examples of theories that were rejected because they lacked parsimony and/or scope, even before their falsity (and the truth of their competing theory) was confirmed by observation. As I point out in my book, geocentrism was rejected by the scientific community because it lacked parsimony, almost 200 years before the observation of parallax confirmed that the Earth moves around the sun. And the continuum theory of matter was completely rejected by 1860, because it couldn’t explain chemical reactions or organize matter into a periodic table, even though the experiments that eventually confirmed atomic theory weren’t even proposed until the 1870s. Solving the best of a bad lot problemIn response, the “empiricists” are likely to object, this time pointing to the “best of a bad lot” problem. “We have no reason to conclude that an explanation that has been shown to be better than others is true because we have no guarantee that the true theory was among those that we were considering.” If you have a “lot” (a collection) of poor explanations, even the best one is not true.The responses to this problem, however, are numerous. Peter Lipton argues that the set of hypotheses that scientists consider are not just randomly selected and thus unlikely to contain a theory that is true; they use existing knowledge to home in on what is most likely to be true. A doctor trying to explain abdominal pain is not going to bother wondering whether demons are causing it; they are going to stick with things like appendicitis and kidney stones, because they are most likely. Further, despite its name, inference to the best explanation is not just the process of comparing hypotheses and accepting the best one; we also want one that is a good explanation in its own right. If it’s not, we are going to keep looking until we find an explanation that is. And while that process does not guarantee that we will come across the exact truth, it’s very likely that the theory that emerges as the best will be at least approximately true, and thus we will be justified in believing it. And lastly, as I point out in my book, although many theories not based in scientific evidence (like geocentrism and continuum theory) have been completely overturned, science almost always progresses by the refinement of scientifically established theories—not their replacement. (Although our sun is not the center of the universe, heliocentrism was our first step in understanding the Earth’s true place in the universe.) So even if a theory we accept today may not be completely right, accepting it is a step on the journey toward the complete truth. The example of atomic theoryNow, it’s worth pointing out that most empiricists are not skeptical of all scientific theories; they are only skeptical of the ones that hypothesize the existence of “unobservables.” It’s not like they think that round Earth, heliocentrism, and germ theory are just useful (but untrue) “instruments” for making predictions about how to most efficiently navigate the seas, predict planetary motion, and treat diseases. They admit that the Earth actually is round, that the planets revolve around the sun, and that germs exist and cause disease. These facts and entities can be observed; the theories that suggest they exist are true. It’s only when theories start hypothesizing the existence of unobservables—like electrons, or quantum fields—that can’t be observed directly, that we should start doubting the theories’ truth. And to be fair to van Fraassen, in this published work, he doesn’t really say that we should doubt the truth of such theories. Only that scientific reasoning does not rationally force us to accept them as true. Skepticism, or agnosticism, he argues, is warranted. SUGGESTED READING Science is based in metaphor By Andrew Reynolds But the history of atomic theory throws a monkey wrench into that argument. Atoms used to be unobservable; again, scientists first accepted the theory that they exist because it had such grandiose explanatory power. But then atoms were seen with electron microscopes. They thus moved into the category of the observable. But this didn’t substantially change anything about what scientists were justified in believing; it certainly didn’t change any “atomic skeptics’” minds. It just confirmed what everyone already knew! If the hypothesis that something exists clearly provides the best explanation for what we can observe, then the belief that it exists is what is rational. The fact that the thing itself is not technically observable does not make doubting its existence rational.What’s more, the atoms were seen with an electron microscope. But electrons are themselves unobservable. How can an electron microscope reveal an atom if electrons are not real? This leads us to what is famously known as Hilary Putnam’s “miracle argument.” It’s (not) a miraclePhilosopher Hilary Putnam’s miracle argument is somewhat famous. Basically, he argued that a scientific theory being able to repeatedly make successful predictions—even about unobservables—without being at least approximately true would require a “miracle.” In other words, it would be such an improbable occurrence that it could not rationally be believed—the better explanation for why scientific theories about unobservables make the right predictions is because the unobservable entities and structures they hypothesize exist.Van Fraassen has addressed this argument. Indeed, in his original article, where he references Alison Gopnik’s point about orgasms not being “necessary for procreation” even though the desire for orgasm “drives the creation of progeny,” he is pointing to his own argument about how organisms are not naturally selected by evolution to get true beliefs; to the extent that belief-forming processes are selected for, the ones that are selected are the ones that are useful for survival—not the ones that produce true beliefs. In the same way, van Fraassen argues, scientific theories are accepted, not because they are true, but because they aren’t falsified; they make successful predictions; that’s what makes them “stick around.” So, the fact that they make successful predictions (and thus became accepted) is not a reason to think they are true.This argument is similar to C. S. Lewis’s “argument from reason,” which he used to argue against evolution: “The truth of evolution undercuts our ability to know that it is true.” Lewis’ argument famously failed; Elizabeth Anscombe, by Lewis’s own admission, demolished Lewis in a debate on the topic, and I have explained elsewhere why modified versions of the argument fail as well. In short, it’s because it fails to recognize that a belief-forming process can make an organism more likely to survive because it reliably produces true beliefs. It is therefore not the case that beliefs generated by naturally selected belief-forming processes are automatically false or unjustified.In the same way, the reason a theory “sticks around” could be because it’s not falsified, because it “makes correct predictions.” But the reason it makes correct predictions is most likely because it is true. (In pointing this out, I am echoing the arguments of Musgrave, Lipton, Psillos, and Kitcher, who refuted van Fraassen’s argument and analogy long before his 2024 article.) It would be a huge coincidence that it could do so without being true. And that is the point of Putnam’s miracle argument. Thus, contrary to van Fraassen’s suggestion, the mere fact that a theory’s predictive success is why it “sticks around” or “becomes accepted” in the scientific community is not a reason to be skeptical about its truth. ConclusionLet me close by saying something about the fact that empiricists don’t doubt the truth of all scientific theories, just the ones that hypothesize unobservables. In today’s society, this theory is dangerous to espouse publicly. The nuance between being skeptical about all of science, and just the highly technical theories about unobservables, is guaranteed to be lost to the average reader. And there is so much unjustified skepticism and doubt about the findings of science and experts that a headline like “Science Does Not Describe Reality” could easily fuel the anti-science movement, worsen climate change denial and cause the next pandemic.This is why I believe it was important to still respond to van Fraassen’s article, a full two years after he wrote it. Not only, as I have argued, does it represent a philosophically inaccurate view of how scientific reasoning works and what scientific reasoning can do, but it is a dangerous view to boot. It should thus be rejected.
Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand tells CNN she has ‘grave concerns’ about Defense Secretary Hegseth’s leadership
Then and Now: Graves helps clients buy, sell businesses
Barry Graves has brokered more than $1 billion in deals across Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missouri. As executive broker at Cantrell-Griffin Business Brokers he helps business owners navigate the decision of...
Scientists Simulated Microgravity in Human Cells and Found Something Unexpected About DNA
Simulated microgravity changed the nucleus but left the genome surprisingly intact.
Key Raptors Players to Watch As NBA Preseason Approaches
Scottie Barnes and first-round pick Allen Graves are among a couple Raptors looking to take a step forward.
Pens Points: Opening night nears
Here are your Pens Points for this Monday morning… The Penguins assigned Bill Zonnon, Harrison Brunicke and Joel Blomqvist to Wilkes-Barre/Scranton on Sunday and placed Blake Lizotte, Ben Kindel, Justin Brazeau and Ryan Graves on injured reserve. Pittsburgh must make at least two more roster moves before Monday’s deadline to reach the 23-player limit. [PensBurgh] […]
Gravesend High Street businesses say ferry closure hit trade
Traders say the loss of the Gravesend-Tilbury ferry has reduced footfall amid calls to restore it.
Pulaski MTN-X to create temporary traffic impacts in Pulaski, Wythe, Bland and Giles Counties Saturday
Pulaski County Sports and Entertainment officials are reminding residents and motorists that the inaugural Pulaski MTN-X gravel bike race will take place Saturday, resulting in temporary traffic impacts on roads.
Bill Gates warns AI could lead to 'a billion deaths'
The cofounder of Microsoft made grave predictions about AI and voiced support for government regulation of the sector.
Packers' Javon Hargrave active for home opener
Hargrave had sat out the Packers’ 20-17 overtime victory over the New York Jets on Sunday while going through concussion protocol and dealing with a knee issue.
Archaeologists discover 'tomb of the very highest rank' in 2,700-year-old Etruscan cemetery
Archaeologists have discovered a massive Etruscan burial mound with a vast assortment of grave goods north of Rome.
Boo! Halloween Haunt begins at Kings Island soon. Here's when
Clawing its way out of the grave and returning for another year of shrieks and thrills is Kings Island's annual Halloween Haunt.
Yellowtail Drive Could Be Expanded To Accommodate Hi-Tech Business Parks In Sheridan
One road on the north side of Sheridan could soon be widened, in anticipation of increased motor vehicle traffic in the area. At its recent board meeting, the Sheridan Economic and Educational Development Authority (SEEDA) approved a motion to begin preparing bids to add 5-foot gravel shoulders on Yellowtail Drive, from the Weatherby building northward […]
Trump decries Democrats as ‘communists,’ even as he looks to impress China’s communist leader
WASHINGTON (AP) — Communism, President Donald Trump says, is the greatest threat the U.S. has ever faced. This summer, citing similarly grave concerns, he took the rare step of delivering a primetime address to the nation, accusing China of “sinister election meddling” in 2020 and reviving his yearslong push to dispute his loss in that […]
Why politicians should pay more attention to the polls (reprise)
Welcome to the 231st edition of The Week in Polls (TWIP), a polling newsletter that always welcomes new readers. So please don’t keep TWIP a secret; share it with your friends and colleagues: Share The Week in Polls With all the stories swirling around Reform, JL Partners and political polling, I am finally tearing myself away from talking about the regulation of polling this week - and instead re-running a previous piece reminding us why the solution to problems with polls isn’t simply to ban or ignore them. Rather, we need them to play a vital role in making our politics - and politicians - better. This is followed by summaries of the latest national voting intention polls, seat projections from MRPs and the most recent party leader ratings. Subscribers who pay for the full edition can also read ten insights from the latest polls and analyses, including: A trio of organisations and a pair of professors have been casting their eyes over the Liberal Democrats ahead of the party’s autumn conference; What impact did the summer heatwave have on views on climate change? and Which wins out between chocolate and cheese? If you are not yet a paid subscriber, you can read all ten by starting a free trial now: Get FREE 7-day trial For more polling news as it comes in ahead of next week’s edition, you can also follow The Week in Polls on Bluesky. Picking up on my doubt last week about whether or not 35% of British train travellers have tried to order a takeaway for delivery to a railway station or carriage, thank you to reader Iain, who has been in touch to say he has done just that… in India. Another quick pair of updates, this time on the controversies around Reform and polling. Politico has a further scoop - “Farage aide caught in donor sting attended Egypt retreat with JL Partners” - and Ian Dunt has written about the problems with polling too: “Seeing the response of many polling experts in the last few weeks suggests that they are nervous about what is happening and keen to mitigate against it. Seeing the response of journalists, which has been basically non-existent, suggests the precise opposite.” My usual reminder as well: please do hit reply if you’ve spotted a poll, focus group or new piece of poll-based research that you think should be in contention for coverage in a future edition. Thank you! And with that, on with the show. How politicians get public opinion wrong I have written before about the benefits that come from widespread availability of high-quality political polling. We need more polls and more good coverage of polls. However, what I’ve not dug into before is the research into how accurately politicians estimate public opinion on issues. Thankfully we have academic research to tell us. First, the bad news: We present results from a study of 866 politicians in four countries.1 Politicians were asked to estimate the percentage of public support for various policy proposals. Comparing more than 10,000 estimations with actual levels of public support, we conclude that politicians are quite inaccurate estimators of people’s preferences. They make large errors and even regularly misperceive what a majority of the voters wants. Politicians are hardly better at estimating public preferences than ordinary citizens. Walgrave, S., Jansen, A., Sevenans, J., Soontjens, K., Pilet, J.B., Brack, N., Varone, F., Helfer, L., Vliegenthart, R., van der Meer, T., Breunig, C., Bailer, S., Sheffer, L. & Loewen, P.J. (2023a), “Inaccurate Politicians: Elected Representatives’ Estimations of Public Opinion in Four Countries”, The Journal of Politics, 85(1): 209-222. The bad news is not quite as bad as that makes it sound because, when asked whether the majority of public opinion was for or against various policies, politicians picked the wrong option ‘only’ 29% of the time. However, this included getting it wrong even when public opinion is far from evenly split on an issue: They do not only get it wrong when the public is divided and hard to read (e.g., when there is a 51%:49% distribution). Seventy percent of the misplacements occur for policies with a relatively clear distribution of at least 60% (dis)agreeing citizens. Moreover, the public scored only slightly worse than politicians, picking the wrong option 2.7 out of 8 times on average, compared with 2.3 times for politicians. Turning to the other measure of accuracy (not which side is in the lead but what the percentage support is for each side), politicians on average were 18 percentage points out in their guesses. Again, this was only slightly better than the public, whose error came in at 21 percentage points.2 Further research, using the same mix of countries, gives a little more comfort about how (in)accurate perceptions are: We show that politicians have a better understanding of public opinion when they think the issue matters to voters. Further, when an issue is personally important to politicians they more accurately estimate their party supporters’ opinions. The results confirm that politicians hold more accurate perceptions of voters’ preferences when they think it is important to do so but not necessarily when the issues actually are important to voters. Butler, C., Walgrave, S., Soontjens, K. & Loewen, P.J. (2024), “Politicians are better at estimating public opinion when they think it is more salient”, Party Politics: 1–13. Even so, it’s not a good picture. The remedy for this? Politicians should spend more time reading the polls. So forward this newsletter to someone you know… Share For a more general argument against banning polls, see my 2024 piece. Is “Let Bartlet Be Bartlet” good advice or not? The latest episode of my Political Fictions podcast heads across the Atlantic for a dip into one of the political TV classics: Mark and Cory talk about a giant of American political drama for the first time this week, as they tackle The West Wing. They talk about Let Bartlet Be Bartlet, the nineteenth episode of series one. In it, Mark wonders if The West Wing is actually the epitome of the “Boris Johnson school of politics”, Cory outmanoeuvres Mark into confirming we will record a Christmas Special about Love, Actually and they debate whether the central message of this episode has been misunderstood. Cory’s email newsletter is Paperback Rioter and Mark has a family of email newsletters. Subscribe to our newsletter for some additional bonus content and to get alerted whenever a new episode comes out. Our theme tune is “Monkeys Spinning Monkeys” by Kevin MacLeod/incompetech.com and licensed under the Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License. You can also listen to our episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the web or YouTube. Elsewhere from me… [ A Lord's Eye View How to fix the problem of money in our politics Welcome to my latest update on work in the House of Lords. This time I am taking a look at how our political system is regulated, and the protections we need to keep democracy safe from becoming simply a contest to see who has the biggest bank account… Read more 5 days ago · 3 likes · 2 comments · Mark Pack ](https://lordseyeview.substack.com/p/how-to-fix-the-problem-of-money-in?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web&embedding_publication_id=1269283) If you spot a factual error… Borrowing an idea from Stuart Ritchie and others, if you spot a factual error in an edition of this newsletter, I will give you a free 12-month subscription to the paid-for version (or an extra 12 months on your existing one). Factual errors qualify, but grammatical errors or disagreements over interpretation do not, and my decision is final. Messages about both of those are always welcome, though. Voting intention and leadership ratings Here are the latest voting intention polls from different pollsters. It is all pretty static at the moment, with a small and consistent Labour lead in nearly all the polls. The table is also online here, along with explanations about what is included. It is updated regularly throughout the week as new polls are released. Next are the seat projections from MRPs, also sorted by fieldwork dates, listing those which are based on dedicated fieldwork (rather than models based on averages of other polls). Because such MRPs are published infrequently, some of the entries below are quite old. Finally, here is a summary of leadership ratings, with a graph from PollCheck: Detailed numbers from the latest polls are online here, and both that and the graph are updated regularly throughout the week as new data comes out. For historical figures on both voting intention and leader approval stretching back to the 1930s, including Parliamentary by-election polls, see PollBase. Catch up on the previous two editions [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ A crisis point for political polling Sep 13 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Extra questions about the polls in Reform’s funding scandal Sep 6 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) My privacy policy and other legal information are available here. Links to purchase books or other items are usually affiliate links which pay a commission for each sale. Quotes from social media messages are occasionally lightly edited for punctuation and clarity. If you are subscribed to other email lists of mine, please note that unsubscribing from this one will not automatically remove you from the others. If you wish to be removed from all my lists, simply reply to this email to let me know. A quintet of Lib Dem polling analyses, and 9 other polling insights you shouldn’t miss The following ten findings from the most recent polls and analyses are only for subscribers who pay for the full edition, but you can sign up for a free trial to read them straight away. Ahead of the start of Liberal Democrat conference, we have a trio of organisations and a pair of professors with pieces out about Ed Davey’s party:
Xbox gets 48 new games next week, including two Game Pass additions
Next week, Control Resonant, Dune: Awakening, EA Sports FC 27, Graveyard Keeper 2, and 44 more new games launch across Xbox consoles and Xbox PC.
In January 2026, researchers completed a drilling project beneath 1,716 feet of ice in West Antarctica, recovering evidence of an ocean that once lay open to sunlight
The discovery rewrites Antarctica's climate history—and raises urgent questions about how quickly ice sheets can collapse.
Former Institute of Peace workers warn Trump may push to engrave name on building
As part of a lawsuit, the workers have asked a federal court to stop any plans to engrave the building with President Trump’s name.
Former Institute of Peace Workers Warn Trump May Push to Engrave Name on Building
As part of a lawsuit, the workers have asked a federal court to stop any plans to engrave the building with President Trump’s name.
Mayor Parker has ordered a task force to study data centers in Philly and report back by June
Parker said the issue is of “grave importance.” But activists who have called on the city to pass a moratorium on data centers called her move too little, too late.
Fake doctors, real scams: health disinformation exploits desperation
When facing the gravest danger and the deepest desperation, humans generally lose their rationality and cling to anything that may give them hope.
The AI graveyard: a running list of projects and startups that didn't make it
From Apple's repeatedly delayed Siri AI to OpenAI's messy 'super app' launch, here's a look at the AI projects that shut down or missed expectations.
Google Health's mistakes are a grave warning for Apple’s new AI-powered Health app
Fitbit users know how this turns out
Liverpool take first step towards deal for new Ryan Gravenberch
Liverpool have their eyes on a new Ryan Gravenberch. They've registered their interest - and things could move quickly from here.2027 will largely be dominated by Liverpool trying to find a new midfie...
Republicans, Facing Midterm Peril, Try to Brand Democrats as Communists
Communism, in the president’s hyperbolic telling, is a graver threat to the country than the Pearl Harbor or 9/11 attacks were. Whether this midterm strategy works is an open question.
Liverpool eye move for their next South American sensation
At the moment, Alexis Mac Allister's future is completely up in the air. The Argentinian hasn't been offered a new deal by Liverpool despite both Ryan Gravenberch and Dominik Szoboszlai both being han...
Graves County business, sheriff's office team up for stock the bus drive
A Mayfield business and the Graves County Sheriff's Office are teaming up to collect donations for school bus drivers.
Susan Collins endorsed by National Federation of Independent Businesses at Naples event
P&K Sand and Gravel hosted the gathering.
Mac Allister 'spoke brilliantly'
Former Chelsea and Everton winger Pat Nevin says Liverpool midfielder Alexis Mac Allister "said exactly the right things" when telling media that he is "very sad" not to have been offered a new deal by the club. The Argentine, who joined on a five-year contract from Brighton in June 2023, saw team-mates Dominik Szoboszlai and Ryan Gravenberch extend their Reds deals this year. "I often hear various players saying things and pushing things a certain way and you get a bit fed up with it," Nevin told BBC Radio 5 Live's Football Daily podcast.
Sene
As Halloween approaches, this week’s scene spots Michael Myers standing at the grave of his sister Judith on the lawn of a home in Winchester.
The best business gifts aren’t the most expensive. They’re the most personal.
Louisville businesses are using engraved bourbon bottles to personalize corporate holiday gifts and strengthen client relationships.
Dallas mayor sounds alarm on the 'grave threat' facing America's cities
Dallas Mayor Eric Johnson warns a socialist movement threatens U.S. cities and the economy, touting his city's financial services growth and free markets.
Judi Dench’s Oscar doesn’t have her name on it: ‘Could be anyone’s’
Sir Ian McKellen, meanwhile, never got his Golden Globe engraved for a hilarious reason.
Sony Reportedly Greenlights Killzone’s Return after over a Decade in the Grave, Even Ahead of Horizon 3
Guerrilla is reportedly working alongside another studio on a Killzone remaster/remake, which will be prioritized even against Horizon 3.
Scientists found an estimated 5.5 million wild bees living beneath a New York cemetery — millions of solitary insects packed into underground burrows across just 1.5 acres, creating one of the largest nesting aggregations ever recorded at a site where the species has quietly survived for generations
A shortcut through a graveyard revealed millions of bees living invisibly beneath New York soil—a discovery that rewrites what scientists thought possible about solitary insect colonies.
Fall arts and entertainment: Phoebe Bridgers, Journey, Doja Cat and more coming to an arena near you
You can also catch Kacey Musgraves, Zac Brown Band, Jonas Brothers, Eric Clapton and more.
Entertainment briefs | ‘4 Cool Bands’ perform at Arcata Playhouse
“SoniX at the Graves,” an immersive sound experience, is slated for Sept. 13 from 7 to 8:30 p.m. at the Morris Graves Museum of Art, 636 F St., Eureka.
Javier Bardem, Marion Cotillard & Vanessa Redgrave Join Animated Movie ‘The Turning Door’
Oscar winners Javier Bardem, Marion Cotillard and Vanessa Redgrave will voice starring roles in the upcoming family fantasy animation film, The Turning Door, written and directed by filmmaker and arti...
Graves Gilbert Clinic, T.J. Regional Health explore long-term partnership
The two organizations say the partnership is designed so people in South Central Kentucky can count on healthcare close to home for generations to come
Whistle-Blower Says Trump Officials Are Defying Court Orders on Voting by Mail
A report detailed “grave concerns” that a new system being rushed into use by the U.S. Postal Service could imperil millions of mail ballots ahead of the midterm elections.
Aboard the Mothership: Todd Graves’ past, present and future collide in original restaurant
In a crowded Highland Road restaurant, company owner and founder Todd Graves recapped the making of Cane's and goal to give back to the community in the future.
Scientists found 149 new deep-sea species — and a 22-million-year shark-tooth graveyard
At one site, they also recovered roughly 1,000 shark teeth.
Crowd joins in as Kacey Musgraves sings this Dolly Parton classic in concert
Kacey Musgraves honored her late hero with a cover of ‘Here You Come Again’ during her concert in Boston on Friday.
Gruesome Discovery Shows 17th-Century Villagers Were Terrified of What Lurked in 'Grave 75'
'Anti-demonic' measures.
The Division of Small Business Announces New Staff
The Delaware Division of Small Business is pleased to announce the addition of two new staff members: Tatiyana Graves and Kira Manuszak.
'An exciting surprise': Ancient shark 'graveyard' uncovered in Egyptian desert
Fossilized teeth from at least seven shark species have been discovered in the Egyptian desert, hinting at its complex, watery past.
400-year-old 'vampire' grave discovered in Poland
The wealthy young woman was buried with a sickle over her neck and a padlock on her toe.
These Are The Cars You Wish You Bought When They Were Cheap
We all made the grave mistake of being born too late to be able to buy anything important at a reasonable cost.
An Ancient Shark Graveyard Has Been Found in The Egyptian Desert
An entire ocean lost to the sands.
Prosecutors say bullet engraving shows Charlie Kirk was targeted for his politics
Prosecutors in Charlie Kirk's killing pointed to an engraved bullet, arguing that the inscription “Hey Facist! CATCH!” demonstrates that Kirk was targeted for how the defendant perceived his politics.
Prosecutors say bullet engraving shows Charlie Kirk was targeted for his politics
Prosecutors in Charlie Kirk 's killing pointed Tuesday to an engraved bullet, arguing that the inscription "Hey Facist! CATCH!" demonstrates that Kirk was targe
Prosecutors say bullet engraving shows Charlie Kirk was targeted for his politics
SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — Prosecutors in Charlie Kirk 's killing pointed Tuesday to an engraved bullet, arguing that the inscription “Hey Facist! CATCH!” demonstrates that Kirk was targeted for how the defendant perceived his politics.
Prosecutors say bullet engraving shows Charlie Kirk was targeted for his politics
Prosecutors in Charlie Kirk's killing have pointed to an engraved bullet in arguing that Kirk was targeted for how the defendant perceived his politics.
Prosecutors say bullet engraving shows Charlie Kirk was targeted for his politics
Prosecutors in Charlie Kirk’s killing have pointed to an engraved bullet in arguing that Kirk was targeted for how the defendant perceived his politics
'The lance head was still inside the pelvis:' Mass grave found in Austria may hold casualties of unknown ancient Roman battle
A new analysis of skeletons recovered from an ancient mass burial has revealed a surprising number of groin injuries.
2,400-year-old grave of possible ancient pro wrestler discovered in Turkey
A tomb excavated in Aspendos, Turkey, revealed a skeleton buried with several coins featuring ancient wrestlers.
Morning Mail: inside the political ‘meme factories’; China questions detainee’s death; Netanyahu rejects Trump’s Gaza plan
‘Buzzer’ economy drumming up outrage online; China’s ‘grave concern’ over death in detention; Trump’s Gaza peace plan in doubt
60,000-year-old ostrich eggshell engravings reveal a surprisingly sophisticated human mind
More than 60,000 years ago, humans in southern Africa were engraving ostrich eggshells with intricate geometric patterns that appear far more organized than previously realized. Researchers found recurring grids, parallel lines, right angles, and repeated shapes, suggesting the designs followed deliberate rules rather than being improvised. The engravers may even have planned entire patterns in their minds before carving them.
Belfast’s East Side is a ‘business graveyard’ compared to Searsport
The municipalities take a different approach to economic development, the author says.
Clutch Partner: City business given opportunity to engrave trophy At final World Cup match
The finishing touch to this year’s World Cup came courtesy of a Jamestown business. The FIFA World Cup wrapped up a few weeks ago, and at the end of every match one player was awarded the Superior Player of the Match trophy. This trophy for the final match, awarded to Terran Forres, who scored the […]
There May Be 170 Million Black Holes Lurking in The Milky Way's Graveyard
A galactic underworld.
Packers Reveal New Role for Former Titans Draft Pick
The Green Bay Packers tight end room is already very thin with the injury status of both Tucker Kraft and Luke Musgrave. The team has already signed a tight end since training camp started, and they have tried out multiple tight ends as well. So, it is fair to question what the plan is at […] The post Packers Reveal New Role for Former Titans Draft Pick appeared first on HEAVY.
HRW report says oil production in DRC poses severe environmental health risks
Human Rights Watch (HRW) on Monday reported that Perenco, the sole oil producer in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is actively participating in production tactics that pose grave health and en...
Packers evaluating severity of neck injury for TE Luke Musgrave
Packers TE Luke Musgrave is on the PUP list while the team evaluates his neck injury.
Democrat Ben Wikler explores a 2028 run for Senate in Wisconsin
Some Democratic insiders are rankled by the former state party chair’s ambitions and national book tour, with one saying it feels like he’s “whistling past the graveyard.”
Trump Has Given the Most Disgraceful Speech Made by a President in More Than 150 Years
Andrew Johnson is rolling over in his grave, and that’s saying something.
1,200-year-old infant burial found near famous Temple of Artemis in Turkey contains twins — one with an unusual extra rib
The two infants buried in the same Byzantine-era grave may have been twins who died around the time of birth.