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HEALTH AND FITNESS: Steps to prevent breast cancer
Since this is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, many local and national organizations are promoting breast cancer awareness, sharing information about the disease, raising money to support research and celebrating survivors. This represents the most visible part of a year-round effort to educate about, screen for, and hopefully cure this devastating disease. Of course, these are all worthy goals that deserve our attention and support.
Space Needle, more Seattle landmarks anchor community fitness events
Base 2 Space, the Light Rail Relay and the Dick's-A-Thon are uniquely Seattle fitness challenges — with racers participating for a number of good causes.
Berlin's High-End KaDeWe Store Opens Dedicated Health Hub
KaDeWe department store dedicates 2,000 square meters to training, recovery and exclusive fitness brands and includes biohacking and Lagree studio.
Qalo's Screenless Health Tracker Has a Smart Ring Companion, Too
Qalo's new subscription-free fitness SL-1 Smart Band works on its own as a Whoop competitor but is even better when paired with the company's smart ring.
Arsenal Beat Norwich City In International Break Friendly
Arsenal faced a Norwich City academy side in a friendly during the international break, in a bid to maintain fitness ahead of upcoming matches.
Bayern Announce Fresh Injury Concerns Ahead Of Arsenal Clash
Vincent Kompany faces a selection crisis at the Allianz Arena as fitness doubts over Manuel Neuer and Jamal Musiala threaten to derail Bayern’s clash against record-chasing Arsenal.
Reece James ‘Primary Position’ Under Xabi Alonso Revealed
Xabi Alonso’s tactical shift moves the Chelsea captain away from the flank, reinventing the injury-prone star to preserve his fitness.
This Kenner 'beach' thrives on volleyball, cold beer, decades of camaraderie: 'We're still here'
If it weren’t for the glowing lights of Planet Fitness and Treasure Chest Casino at the strip mall a few feet away, you could almost forget this beach is in the middle of a parking lot in Kenner. Here’s why locals drive from New Orleans and beyond each week to hang out, play ball or drink a few cold ones.
Maza Escapes Serious Injury But Remains Doubtful For Mainz
Algeria's rising playmaker avoided long-term damage after an international injury scare, but lingering ankle pain forces a late fitness test ahead of Leverkusen’s crucial trip to Mainz.
Google Launches Women’s Health Partnership and New Fitbit
Google has launched a women’s health partnership as it deepens its footprint in the wearable fitness-tracking space. The tech giant on Monday (Oct. 12)
This is the Fitbit Edge: Google's next fitness tracker finally spills its secrets
Google is reportedly getting ready to launch a new fitness tracker called the Fitbit Edge, and the device has leaked in full!
2026 HFA European Congress Spotlights New Industry Research
Health & Fitness Association submitted comments to the Office of the US Trade Representative on two trade policy dockets that could have significant implications for exercise equipment manufacturers, suppliers, and fitness facility operators.
Roberto De Zerbi Takes Responsibility After Aston Villa Defeat
Roberto De Zerbi took responsibility for Tottenham Hotspur’s 3-2 loss to Aston Villa, but he also raised concerns about his team’s defending, fitness, and leadership in a frank post-match press conference.
Fit-again Pleguezuelo a 'huge player' for Plymouth
Plymouth Argyle boss Tom Cleverley says Julio Pleguezuelo's return to full fitness has been a major boost to his side.
R-Rated 80s Slasher Proves Nothing Can Stop Aerobics
An 80s slasher turns a fitness club into a bloodbath while somehow keeping the aerobics classes running like business as usual.
After three decades at the helm, Pete Mueller passes boutique fitness business to his daughter
Pete Mueller, founder of Milwaukee-based boutique fitness business Body Mechanics, later known as Pete Mueller Performance Group, launched his training
Kosta Nedeljkovic Returns for Serbia to Hand Rangers Fitness Boost
Rangers defender Kosta Nedeljkovic has returned to action for Serbia against the Netherlands after missing four club matches through injury.
Tom Brady headlines at the 2026 Eudēmonia wellness summit
For four days in November, West Palm Beach hosts the 2026 Eudēmonia Summit, blending wellness, science, fitness, and tech with experts like Tom Brady and Andrew Huberman sharing insights on living longer.
Cole Palmer: England boss Thomas Tuchel questions how desperate Chelsea forward is to play for Three Lions
Cole Palmer withdrew from England squad with a fitness problem for the second time since Thomas Tuchel took charge; Palmer has played three times for England under Tuchel; Follow England vs Spain on Sky Sports website and app on Saturday
Capitalizing on the 'magic pill for health': Bernardston Senior Center distributes 45 Fitbits to encourage activity
The Bernardston Senior Center distributed 45 Fitbits to local seniors via a Mass COA grant to encourage fitness and healthy aging.
Kennedy to roll out $10 million challenge to encourage Presidential Fitness Test in schools
Since President Trump revived the test last year, the administration has looked for ways to boost participation.
It's Your Business | Couple brings gym to Fisher with Jacked Rabbit Fitness
Travis Enghausen and Ashley Warlow hope to have a grand opening on the weekend of Nov. 14 for their business, which they’ve decided to call Jacked Rabbit Fitness — perfectly
Pickleball social club in Greenville combines fitness and community
As pickleball continues its surge in popularity across the country, health experts say picking up a paddle offers significant benefits for both the body and mind.
Couple opens second health-focused franchise in Virginia Beach
Orangetheory fitness franchisees are now bringing Pure Green to the Marketplace at Hilltop.
New leaks reveal more details about the Fitbit Edge including its price
Google’s next fitness tracker with a screen could arrive soon.
The Case for—and Against—Working Out in a Weighted Vest
From ancient Spartan hills to neighborhood walks, carrying extra weight is fitness's favorite trend. Here is what a physical therapist—and a military veteran—say about the actual benefits and overhyped claims.
Michael Carrick Handed Fitness Boost As Lisandro Martínez Verdict Made
Matthijs de Ligt’s timely return from injury and a crucial international breather for Lisandro Martinez provide a vital defensive lifeline for Michael Carrick’s struggling backline.
Behavorial health pods, a women’s fitness fun and more local health news
A roundup of what’s new in Louisiana’s healthcare scene.
Experts say your health insurance should cover gym memberships to prevent cancer from coming back. Why don't they?
Fitness programs are increasingly viewed as good cancer fighters, but insurers limit the coverage.
Scientists Found a Hidden Force That Pushes Life Past the Limits of Evolution
Organisms that reach “peak fitness” still keep evolving, even with no external pressures pushing them towards survival.
$55 million student wellness center project breaks ground at Michigan Tech
Features include a UP Health System - Portage supported urgent health care clinic, a fitness floor and therapy offices.
HEALTH AND FITNESS: Celebrate Walktober by going for a walk
Now that the extreme heat of our seemingly endless summer weather is behind us, being active outdoors is more enjoyable. October is a great time to get outdoors and go for a walk! That is the spirit of Walktober, an initiative adopted by health organizations, companies and communities around the globe.
Dortmund defender picks up injury on international duty
Borussia Dortmund are sweating over the fitness of Julian Ryerson after the 28-year-old was forced off while on international duty with Norway.Ryerson was substituted after 66 minutes of his country��...
Why a healthcare worker traded a career in hospitals for business ownership in Alexandria
After years of treating patients with preventable chronic illnesses, Nicole Batts wanted to leave the healthcare industry and help people get healthy before reaching the hospital. Batts took over ownership of Old Town's Fitness Together Alexandria (300 N Washington Street, Suite 106) in 2019. That comes after working in nursing in the surgical intensive care
Apple Watch Ultra 4 is an AI Powerhouse With Fitness and Health Improvements, But Do You Need it?
Apple has upgraded the Ultra again, and there's lots to like in the new version, including a super-accurate HR sensor and a powerful new AI ready chip.
Sylvester Stallone opens up about steroid use, eating disorder
Sylvester Stallone achieved peak fitness during his “Rocky” years and beyond, but at a price paid in steroid use and an eating disorder, he revealed in a new interview. What
Post-Shanghai ATP Power Rankings: Alexander Zverev Takes Charge
As you already know, this is not the ATP rankings list; rather, these are ATP power rankings that combine 2026 results, recent form, performance against elite opposition, current fitness, and the level each player is realistically capable of producing during the final stretch of the season. The picture has changed considerably since our pre-Wimbledon rankings. …
Liverpool Legend Steven Gerrard Suggests Rangers to Sign Ryan Jack
Former Rangers boss Steven Gerrard hails veteran free agent Ryan Jack as a "proper player" as the midfielder returns to Glasgow to maintain fitness amid swirling transfer speculation.
New UI clinic pilots exercise treatments to improve health of cancer patients, survivors
Cancer patients and survivors are working with a new UI exercise oncology clinic to help with symptoms and health.
$10M Ill. fire station puts firefighter health, safety at center of design
Buffalo Grove's new Fire Station 25 features cancer-reduction measures, sleep-focused bunk rooms, expanded apparatus bays and a larger fitness area
Your Health Apps Don’t Talk to Each Other. QBod Uses AI to Connect the Dots
The health and fitness coaching app uses artificial intelligence to consider a person’s nutrition, workouts, sleep, recovery and goals together, then translate that information into practical guidance.
Vote coming up on Crystal Lake plan to buy former health club with aim to move library there
The Crystal Lake City Council will soon decide whether to purchase the shuttered Northwestern Medicine fitness center, with an eye to move the library there and transforming it into a community center.
Detroit Evening Report: Nonprofit LGBT Detroit provides mental health services at new facility on the city’s West side
A queer support services facility is soon to open on Detroit's West side offering fitness, mental health services, chronic support and more.
Google Fitbit Edge: Official Teaser, Launch Date Arrives
Google confirmed today that the Fitbit Edge is indeed real and is launching much sooner than we expected. In a short teaser posted to Twitter, Google told us to get our wallets ready on Monday. For those not familiar with Fitbit Edge, this is expected to be Google’s new fitness tracker that lands somewhere between...
See what businesses are new and coming soon to the Georgetown area
Several new businesses have opened or announced plans to open in the Georgetown area, including Project LeanNation, Crunch Fitness and The Junction.
Couple opens second health-focused franchise in Virginia Beach
Orangetheory fitness franchisees are now bringing Pure Green to the Marketplace at Hilltop.
HYROX Partnership Brings Fitness Racing to The HFA Show 2027
Health & Fitness Association submitted comments to the Office of the US Trade Representative on two trade policy dockets that could have significant implications for exercise equipment manufacturers, suppliers, and fitness facility operators.
Start TODAY’s October Challenge: Routine Revamp, Healthy Meals
October is the perfect time to revamp your routines, so fitness contributor Stephanie Mansour stops by Studio 1A to break down some easy Start TODAY workouts, which can be accessed for free on the app this month. TODAY nutrition and health expert Joy Bauer also shares some simple meals, including a French toast grilled cheese, cottage cheese fettuccine alfredo, pumpkin peanut butter, and more!
‘Fitbit Edge’ leaks as Google’s next fitness tracker with ‘Apps’ & ‘Notifications’
Following an accidental marketing leak in August and FCC listing last month, retail listings for the “Fitbit Edge” have now emerged.
Scientists want these 5 'maxxing' trends dead
The “-maxxing” trend promises that extreme optimization of your sleep, appearances, fitness, diet, or wellness routine will somehow unlock a better version of you. But when health advice becomes a competition to optimize every single thing, real science often gets lost. Our scientists break down the -maxxing trends they really want you to stop—and what the evidence actually says.
Greenwich Entertainment Buys Philip Byron’s ‘Spin Wars’
EXCLUSIVE: Spin Wars, a documentary about the billion-dollar boutique fitness revolution, has landed a buyer. Greenwich Entertainment has acquired the North American distribution rights to the doc, wh...
Valencia Reportedly Unhappy with Harvey Elliott’s Fitness
Elliott is Valencia’s third-highest paid player and the Spanish club don’t believe he is yet match fit.
Short bursts of exercise may improve fitness and blood sugar in sedentary adults
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 studies involving 994 sedentary or inactive adults found that brief “exercise snacks” were associated with improvements in VO₂peak, blood glucose, and triglycerides.
Garmin's New Smartwatch Has Battery Life That Laps the Apple Watch Ultra 4
The Garmin Enduro 4 promises up to 320 hours of battery while still offering the health and fitness tracking features of the Fenix 9 Pro.
Inside the science and routine behind Maryland football’s strict nutrition regime
Team nutritionist Addie Quinn crafts meal plans and organizes team dinners up to months in advance to help players reach their individual fitness goals.
Visalia flexes its fitness, business competition - The Sun-Gazette Newspaper
VISALIA – From fitness to business, Visalia continues to be a place for some healthy competition.
Baltimore’s small business owners want the city to codify more protections
Zehbras CrossFit is the thriving, Black-owned, affordable, and accessible fitness space owner and CrossFit coach Jeanelle Spencer long wanted to bring to Baltimore’s Black Butterfly. On any given weekday afternoon, barbells slam onto rubber mats as Spencer’s neighbors in Waverly cycle through burpees, pull-ups, squats, and more in the small gym at 3302 Greenmount Avenue. […]
Livelong Women’s Health Summit Builds Momentum for 2027 Expansion
The Livelong Women's Health Summit brought together consumers, clinicians, researchers, and health experts for conversations spanning menopause, strength and performance, brain health, nutrition, hormones, and the science of aging. The Health & Fitness Association (HFA) served as a sponsor for the event.
AI regulation debate intensifies as Whoop CEO Will Ahmed discusses health tech
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Vice President JD Vance push for AI self-regulation. Plus, Whoop Founder and CEO Will Ahmed discusses utilizing artificial intelligence to track fitness, sleep and stress.
Real Madrid star forced off with injury on international duty
La Liga giants Real Madrid have on Friday evening been dealt a potential blow on the personnel front. This comes after star goalscorer Kylian Mbappé picked up a fitness problem whilst on internationa...
Boniface Receives A Clear Warning
Bayer Leverkusen leadership has reprimanded the Nigerian striker after a sideline outburst, balancing disciplinary sternness with praise for his renewed fitness and ambition ahead of European competition.
New Business: Planet Fitness gets a new look; Back Nine Golf...
Planet Fitness has debuted a new visual identity at its expanded Raymond club, while Back Nine Golf has opened a 24/7 simulator venue in Concord.
Is it true that … you need to take 10,000 steps a day to be healthy?
The fitness benchmark has surprisingly unscientific origins – yet it does contain more than a kernel of truth
DOVBYK BACK TO TRAINING
Training resumed at Casteldebole as the Rossoneri began a three-week break from league action due to the international fixtures. The squad underwent a series of individual fitness tests, followed by t...
Olympiacos Welcome Internationals Back Ahead of Derby Clash Against Panathinaikos
Olympiacos manager Imanol Alguacil regains a full-strength squad as key stars return from international duty, providing a crucial fitness boost just days before the heated eternal enemies derby against Panathinaikos.
Liverpool Injury News: Szoboszlai, Munoz, and Frimpong Latest
Liverpool fans have been provided with a series of fitness updates following the team's pre-Brighton training session this morning. Multiple players face a race against time to be fit for the weekend's Premier League clash, with others set for longer layoffs.
A Lifelong Journey of Health, Perseverance, and Purpose: Shadia’s Story
Every year, Family Health and Fitness Day is celebrated on the last Saturday in September. It’s a day that encourages families to come together and build lifelong healthy habits. Ahead of Family Health and Fitness Day, I met with Special Olympics Bolivia athlete and Health Messenger Shadia Dueri to hear about her health journey, the lessons she has learned through Special Olympics Health programming, and how she’s using those experiences to support her community and fellow athletes today.
Nike’s Coach Bennett: ‘Sport is a gift to the business world’
Lessons and benefits of running extend beyond fitness, says one of the world’s best-known trainers in his first book
Business Buzz: Platinum Fitness Performance & Wellness Center
Business: Platinum Fitness Performance & Wellness Center Address: 8 Pecks Lane Owner: Randy Lockwood What is your business background? “I’ve had [a place] in Milford … and then D...
Biggest waste of money in your home gym may surprise you, fitness expert says
Fitness coach Jacob Zemer reveals the three home gym essentials — bands, dumbbells and a bench — that let you train every muscle group on a budget.
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. There are over 300,000 followers of Ground Truths so more than 90,000 folks who can easily convert to be free subscribers. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. If you’re not a subscriber, please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths The proceeds from all voluntary paid subscriptions go to support our summer internship program. It enabled us to accept and support a record number of 62 summer interns that joined us in 2026! These are high school, college and medical students selected from thousands of applicants. We couldn’t do this expanded program without the funds coming in through Ground Truths. Thank you!
Hands-On With the Redesigned Health App in the iOS 27.2 Beta
With the iOS 27.2 beta, Apple is testing the new Health app that it previewed at its September iPhone event. The app has been entirely overhauled, with new Insights and Longevity tabs that give you more information on your health and fitness metrics. Subscribe to the MacRumors YouTube channel for more videos. The Insights tab shows your most recent health data, such as Activity Rings, heart rate, sleep score, and vitals.
This new Apple Watch Series 12 and Ultra 4 feature is surprisingly motivating
Apple Watch Series 12 and Ultra 4 include a new fitness-tracking feature: live step tracking on the watch face. Alongside...
Biogen CEO warns against life science industry complacency
GE Vernova hiring more from MIT, Life Time opens Seaport fitness club, Kayak founders have new AI app.
ON THE JOB: ‘Where Do You See Your Career or Business in 3 to 5 Years?’
“For the next three to five years, I am looking to grow Oswego County Opportunities’ support for the county’s economic development to fight poverty and take advantage of the major investments that are coming to the area.” — Kevin Dean, Executive director, Oswego County Opportunities, Fulton “I love what I’m doing. I’m trying to do this as long as they let me. It’s so exciting to walk the floors at the various factories, talk with community leaders and be part of the solutions to their business problems. As we do this work with manufacturers and community members, we are helping the next generation have these great jobs in skilled manufacturing. I’d like to have the same job title for years to come. I’ve watched the last five years with awe and it makes me proud and excited to be from Upstate New York. I want to keep being part of the conversation that, yes, we can do it in Upstate New York.” — Randy Wolken, President and CEO, Manufacturing Association of Central New York (MACNY) “I oversee the Rochester and Syracuse offices. We’re seeing continual growth as there are more and more job seekers and companies that are looking to fill positions as the economy grows. I’d like to have another Upstate New York office in our region to help promote people under me. I want to see that happen. With an increase in the job market, that is what the end goal is here for sure. We currently have offices in Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse and Albany, among more than 300 worldwide.” — Briana Calabrese, Marketing director and vice president of finance & accounting and administrative & customer support, Robert Half Recruiters & Employment Agency, Syracuse “Hopefully, we’ll continue to grow by word of mouth. I just took over a couple of years ago. I was an employee for 27 years. Business is great and we’re up on sales from where we were last year and I’m hoping that continues to happen. I get an overwhelming response from people who say they want to support local businesses. It’s my objective when people walk out the door that they want to come back. In a small town like this, it’s crucial. I see myself in five years doing exactly what I’m doing now: sticking with it and trying to grow Fulton Screen Printing.” — Tim Stone, Owner, Fulton Screen Printing, Fulton “I am 85 years old and teach four fitness classes a week and swim four times a week. I hope to live to be 90 — if I can do that, I won’t complain. The older I get, the less afraid I am of dying. What I don’t want to do is get some sickness where I’m lingering and I’m in pain and it just goes on and on. I expect to be exercising as much as I can and I hope I will know when I need to back off to accommodate different problems I may have when I’m older. For a short time, I got up at 6 a.m. to jog for a half hour every morning. But I had to avoid dogs, so I quit jogging. I hope to be able to swim for life. When I swim for half an hour, whatever problems I have wash away. I will still be working in exercise in five years. I also write research articles. It challenges my mind. You have to challenge your mind and body and have some kind of goals and reasons to go on living. My wife died three and a half years ago, so I try to go out and do things, even though she’s no longer here.” — Fred Wilson. Certified personal trainer at Fitness After 50 and leader of senior fitness classes, Syracuse “I expect to continue working as a local financial adviser professional for the next several years. I really enjoy working with my clients and consider it a privilege to come to work every day, helping my clients reach their financial goals.” — Randy L. Zeigler, Certified financial planner practitioner, chartered financial consultant and private wealth adviser, Ameriprise Financial Services, LLC, Oswego “I see myself doing something with young people. I want to open an after-school program as a safe space for high schoolers where they can get tutored, behavioral health, get something to eat. I want to do something with policy. I have thought of doing something with neurodivergent kids where kids can run some kind of business. I want to do anything with community like therapy and psychotherapy. I want to still be able to offer those services to people. At 55, I’m not sure how much I will do. I will see what happens after graduation from Keuka College.” — Della Joyce Smith, Master’s student, Syracuse “I think the core of the gym is in personal training. I don’t see that changing. People will still need a gym and personal training will stay. There may be some loss to AI as there is in just about every industry, but there’s always been the ability to go online and get a workout. I don’t think AI will cut into business any more than the internet has. I think the class structure is shifting. Large group classes might be fading away for a while. I see more people going to specialized classes like Pilates. I wouldn’t be surprised if maybe the traditional classes like boot camps started to fade away. It’s important to adapt. Maybe someday I’ll need to get some new kinds of classes. Everything tends to go in cycles.” — Ryan Vollmer, Certified personal trainer and owner Edge Strength and Conditioning, Syracuse “I have been growing my firm at 24% a year. In five years, we may be purchasing or building a new office building to accommodate the new growth. Right now, our focus is on growth and adding team members, mostly financial advisers and administrative staff.” — Terri Krueger, Chartered financial consultant and senior financial adviser with Orla Wealth Management in Syracuse “Over the next three to five years, I see TDO continuing to experience steady, sustainable growth as new industries establish and expand their presence across Central New York. These investments will create new opportunities throughout the regional manufacturing supply chain, and TDO will continue evolving our capabilities to help both existing manufacturers and emerging industries grow, compete, and succeed.” — Jim D’Agostino, CEO and executive director Central New York TDO (Train, Develop, Optimize), Liverpool
Apple could take on Whoop with a new fitness tracker, report says
Apple may be developing a new fitness tracker as part of its new generation of hardware devices.
Why Spending Time Outdoors Is Good For Your Physical And Mental Health
British fitness expert Joe Wicks recently teamed up with neuroscientists to scientifically test the widely-held belief that spending time outdoors is good for us.
How fitness science is helping young athletes prevent injuries
According to the Centers for Disease Control, 2 million high school athletes are hurt each year in the U.S. between playing and practicing.
Parkinson on 'class' Sheaf and Rathbone and Imray injuries
Phil Parkinson lauded the impact of Ben Sheaf following the midfielder's performance in Wrexham's win against Southampton. Speaking after the 2-1 victory, Parkinson revealed the coaching staff have been carefully planning Sheaf's route back to full match fitness over recent days. "Ben Sheaf, I'm so pleased with him today," said Parkinson.
VT Markets Partners with Island Sports Club to Set the Gold Standard in Fitness and Trading
Global multi-asset broker VT Markets has announced a year-long partnership as the Official Partner of Island Sports Club, a premier sports and lifestyle network with locations in Canggu and Uluwatu, Bali, Indonesia.
FORT4FITNESS: Running for health and connection
FORT WAYNE, Ind. (WANE) – Thousands of people run in the Fort4Fitness Fall Festival each year. Each runner or walker has a fitness journey and reasons why they run. Molly McGuire shares how y…
HEALTH AND FITNESS: This is your brain on football
Football season is underway, much to the delight of professional, college and high school fans. Football has also been in the news for another more serious reason – the association with brain injury. Over the years, it has been reported that several former NFL players suffered from brain injury because of concussions sustained over years of playing. Some players have even retired early in their careers to avoid such injury. Recently reported research suggests that this brain damage may start earlier and be the result of cumulative “minor” injuries rather than a single major trauma.
"I Don't Think..." – Michael Carrick Claims Intensity Wasn't The Issue vs Spurs
A stoppage-time collapse and recurring midfield sluggishness haunt the Red Devils, forcing Michael Carrick to defend his squad's fitness levels after a frustrating stalemate against ten-man Tottenham.
Why most health apps are biased even before their first lines of code are written
Many of us use digital health tools every day, such as period trackers, fitness apps or online quizzes to check our mental health.
FAA Unveils New Tool to Gauge Fitness to Fly
MedGuide is an online, interactive resource that enables users to search medical conditions, prescriptions drugs and over-the-counter medications to determine whether a medication is acceptable for safety-related duties and whether an initial or subsequent-dose waiting period applies.
The fitness test that predicts your risk of death
How quickly your heart rate returns to normal after exercise can reveal a surprising amount about your underlying health.
Pilot Project Aids Cancer Survivors in Achieving Healthy Weight and Reducing Recurrent Risk
New program will help patients improve fitness and manage weight after cancer treatment
Apple's Health Age Test Doesn't Hold Back (Oof)
We test Apple's updated Health app tools in iOS 27.2 to evaluate fitness tracking metrics and age assessment accuracy.
Film 'Unseen' Looks at Mental Health, Disability, Immigration
State of Mind Cafe and Blind Fitness will present a screening of “Unseen the Documentary,” 1:30–4 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 17 at the Santa Barbara Museum of
Hands-On With the Redesigned Health App in the iOS 27.2 Beta
With the iOS 27.2 beta, Apple is testing the new Health app that it previewed at its September iPhone event. The app has been entirely overhauled, with new Insights and Longevity tabs that give you more information on your health and fitness metrics. Subscribe to the MacRumors YouTube channel for more videos. The Insights tab shows your most recent health data, such as Activity Rings, heart rate, sleep score, and vitals.
Planet Fitness acquires Bakersfield’s Body Xchange Health Club locations
Body Xchange Health Clubs announced that they have been acquired by Planet Fitness.The announcement was posted on their social media pages.The company said that
'Dad bod' may be a warning sign of deeper health problems, fitness expert says
Marfred Suazo, a New York City-based personal trainer known as Fonz the Trainer, spoke with Fox News Digital about the potential risks associated with excess abdominal fat and ways to reduce it.
Abbott Health & Fitness Expo for 2026 Chicago Marathon begins: Hours, packet pick-up, location
The free, 3-day event not only serves as packet and bag pick-up, but offers participants -- and the public -- the chance to dive into the running world.
Apple’s Next Health Wearable May Look Nothing Like an Apple Watch
The tech giant is reportedly developing a screen-less fitness tracker to compete with Oura and Whoop.
Exclusive: This Is the Fitbit Edge, Google's Next Fitness Tracker
Exclusive Fitbit Edge images show Google's new screened fitness tracker in three colors, sitting between the Fitbit Air and Pixel Watch 5.
Wrexham Receive Encouraging International Fitness News
Phil Parkinson welcomes encouraging news on Wrexham’s international players as the squad prepares to return to Championship action at Derby.
Project Amistad hosts health and wellness fair in El Paso
EL Paso, Texas (KVIA) - Project Amistad partnered with the YMCA of El Paso on Saturday morning to host a health and wellness fair focused on connecting community members with health-related resources. The event provided information and resources on health care access, mental health and physical fitness. Flu vaccinations were also offered to people who