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Wisconsin primary offers mixed signals for Democrats, and other election takeaways
David Crowley’s win by less than a percentage point over state Rep. Francesca Hong, a democratic socialist, showed neither side of the party debate was winning the argument convincingly.
Video: Liberali scores screamer in Como friendly, explains Milan snub
Italian talent Mattia Liberali scored a stunning goal in a Como friendly against Villarreal last night and explained why he picked Cesc Fabregas’ side over a return to Milan: ‘Since the very first...
'Dodged a bullet': Wisconsin business leaders discuss state's gubernatorial race
Business leaders and owners weigh in on the Wisconsin gubernatorial race after the defeat of Democratic socialist candidate Francesca Hong.
Al Akhawayn University, ICESCO Establish Ibn Battuta Center for Science Diplomacy
Al Akhawayn University in Morocco (AUI) and ICESCO announced the launch of the ICESCO Ibn Battuta Center for Science Diplomacy
Top entertainment figures back under-fire UN Palestinians expert
Over a hundred top figures from the world of entertainment signed an open letter Saturday in support of UN Palestinian human rights expert Francesca Albanese who faces calls to resign over comments ab...
Totti in Serie A at 48: incredible revelation 😱
Troll or real news?As he is about to celebrate his 50th birthday in a few days, Francesco Totti could have made a sensational return to Serie A two years ago, at the age of 48.Yes, you read that right...
Italy’s far-right Vannacci lashes EU in business summit address
By Valentina Za, Elvira Pollina and Francesca Landini CERNOBBIO, Italy, Sept 5 (Reuters) - Italy's rising far-right politician Roberto Vannacci told a high profile business forum on Saturday that the European Union should halt political integration and...
Marina Moscone Presses Pause on Her Business
In an exclusive interview, sisters and cofounders Marina and Francesca Moscone, weigh in on their decision to suspend operations—for now. “This has definitely been a heavy, heartfelt decision, a very emotional one for us,” the designer said. “We knew entering this industry and this business of our own, fashion is turbulent and joyful all the time.”
Evolutionary Origin of Information: The Problem of Robustness
It is surprising to me that the authors of these studies did not consider it more of a priority to understand the mechanics of robustness.
As Francesca Hong surged, Democratic rivals held their fire: From the Politics Desk
Plus, new bipartisan odd couple in the Senate.
Meet Frankie Pica, the reporter who focuses on your pocketbook
Meet Francesa Pica, a Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reporter who focuses on how business news impacts your daily life and wallet.
Probable Italy vs. Belgium line-ups and latest injury news
Italy tested Moise Kean and Francesco Pio Esposito together for the Nations League clash, while Belgium are without injured Leandro Trossard, but could start Napoli’s Kevin De Bruyne.It kicks off at...
Top entertainment figures back under-fire UN Palestinians expert
Over a hundred top figures from the world of entertainment signed an open letter Saturday in support of UN Palestinian human rights expert Francesca Albanese who faces calls to resign
Francesco Bagnaia makes Aprilia MotoGP switch after Ducati exit
More puzzle pieces fall into place as Aprilia finalises 2027 line-up
Fabregas: “This was our best performance since I’m here.”
Cesc Fabregas spoke to Dazn after the 0-0 draw against Roma. The Como coach commented on the match: “We are two attacking, proactive teams. A 0-0 is unusual; the red card changed the game. To play a...
Moderate Dem scores upset in Wisconsin governor's race; Darline Graham in runoff
Milwaukee County Executive David Crowley managed a razor-thin victory over his democratic socialist challenger, state Rep. Francesca Hong
Dr. Francesca L. Beaudoin named School of Public Health dean at Brown
Currently serving as interim dean, the accomplished physician and scholar will advance academic excellence, expand research and provide strategic direction for the school.
Data centers are a political issue crossing party lines, driving voters to candidates
Wisconsin Democratic candidate for governor Francesca Hong called for a moratorium on data centers. So did Ohio Republican governor hopeful Vivek Ramaswamy, as data centers begin to dominate campaigns.
Catawba Science Center Offers Animal Encounter Through Annual Fund Drive
HICKORY, N.C. (WHKY) — A donation to Catawba Science Center could lead to a private encounter with one of its animal ambassadors. The center is offering the experience as part…
Why Were Polls So Wrong in the Wisconsin Governor’s Race?
Francesca Hong, the democratic socialist running in Wisconsin’s Democratic primary for governor, had a double-digit lead in polls as recently as last week. Then she lost. What happened?
Fabregas stays coy on Como’s Chalobah and Couto pursuits
Cesc Fabregas has refused to be drawn on Como’s pursuit of Trevoh Chalobah and Yan Couto, insisting he is across every detail of the club’s transfer business but unwilling to give anything away.Ac...
Chinese business ‘hired lobbying firm with ties to Donald Trump Jnr’
Lobbying firm Checkmate helped China’s Grand Pharmaceutical Group beat a US national security challenge, public filings show.
Squad list for Napoli vs. Bologna
The following players have been named in Domenico Tedesco’s squad for tomorrow’s match:Goalkeepers: Franceschelli (82), Pessina, Skorupski.Defenders: Alhassane, Casale, De Silvestri, Heggem, Hella...
Enzo Maresca in Manchester City talks as Pep Guardiola emerges as candidate for Italy job
Saturdays top stories include: Aston Villa star Morgan Rogers has significant Premier League and European transfer interest; former Chelsea star Cesc Fabregas has insisted he is focused on his role at Como; Chelsea Women have made a contract offer to Man Citys Khadija Bunny Shaw
Future physician Albert Li adds health administration to his medical training
Li is the first USC Price student to simultaneously pursue a Master of Health Administration and a medical degree from the Keck School of Medicine.
Influential Harvard Business School Alum Backs Francesca Gino
Former HBS superstar Francesca Gino gains public support from billionaire hedge fund founder and HBS alum Bill Ackman
A socialist candidate criticized Thanksgiving — and unearthed a deeper debate on the left
Some of Francesca Hong’s fans are gently asking: Does she have a “woke 1.0” problem?
Arsenal get special Fabregas option under Como agreement
Cesc Fabregas has a special clause in his Como contract for his former clubs, including Arsenal according to reports.Photo by Pier Marco Tacca/Getty ImagesPortuguese outlet A Bola report that former A...
🚨XIs ready: City visit Porto in their European opener
Estádio do Dragão is getting ready to host an electrifying UEFA Champions League opener. Francesco Farioli’s FC Porto come into it on fire after putting together seven straight wins and opening th...
Brown University names Francesca Beaudoin as public health dean
An alumna, Beaudoin has led the School of Public Health on an interim basis since January, and played a leadership role in the university’s healing and recovery effort in the aftermath of the campus shooting in December.
Gossip: Blues consider reuniting with Conte
Napoli manager Antonio Conte is among the candidates being considered by Chelsea as the permanent successor to Liam Rosenior next season. Express) Porto boss Francesco Farioli is also on Chelsea's shortlist but his contract runs until 2028 and contains a 20m euros (£17.3m) release clause. Nicolo Schira) Newcastle have emerged as contenders to sign Nicolas Jackson, who will return to Chelsea in the summer after Bayern Munich confirmed they will not turn the striker's loan into a permanent move.
Inter Prodigy Esposito Signs on Unique Contract
A week after the end of the summer window, Inter formally took care of one of their renewals, as Francesco Pio Esposito penned a contract until 2032 on Sunday. It’s the first one in Italy that will ...
Democratic socialist Francesca Hong tests how far left voters will go in battleground Wisconsin
Over the last month, Democratic socialists have notched victories in the liberal strongholds of New York City, Washington, D.C., and Denver.
[Form 4] Melco Resorts & Entertainment LTD Insider Trading Activity
GALANTE FRANCESCA reported acquisition or exercise transactions in this Form 4 filing.Melco Resorts & Entertainment LTD director Francesca Galante received a compensation grant of 97,767 ordinary shares on May 8, 2026.
Politics Unusual: Former Governors Pataki and DiFrancesco on their experience with 9/11
In this episode of Politics Unusual, FOX 5 NY's political reporter Morgan McKay speaks with former New York Gov. George Pataki and former New Jersey Gov. Donald DiFrancesco about their experience leading their states during the time of the 9/11 terror attacks.
Democratic socialist Francesca Hong has former child star, OnlyFans model in senior campaign role: report
An OnlyFans model and sex worker advocate is reportedly serving as deputy campaign manager for Francesca Hong's Wisconsin governor campaign.
Totti: “Roma and Inter will be fighting for the title.”
Roma is in, but Francesco Totti prefers not to rush things. The former Giallorossi captain, now an advisor for Maxima Roma, spoke to Rai Sport on the sidelines of the presentation of the capital’s b...
Fabregas warns Real Madrid: Como want Nico Paz ‘to stay’
Cesc Fabregas confirms he’s already preparing for next season’s Champions League campaign with Como and hopes Nico Paz will stay at the Stadio Sinigaglia.Como have qualified for the Champions Leag...
She could be America’s first socialist governor
Francesca Hong is running for governor of Wisconsin. We talked to her about how she’d govern this swing state.
Paul Bettany says Marvel transformed his life after he was told his career was over
By Francesca Halliwell LONDON, Oct 12 (Reuters) - British actor Paul Bettany said Marvel has transformed his career and personal life after an unlikely twist of fate over a decade
Fabregas: ‘Como historic in Champions League, like football university’
Cesc Fabregas reveals how he told Como they could make it into the Champions League and why he is in no hurry to leave. ‘It’s like going to football university every day.’The coach had already m...
Gasperini has dinner with Francesco Totti
Francesco Totti is reportedly increasingly close to returning to Roma, with a role within the club yet to be determined. He himself confirmed ongoing discussions regarding a possible return to Trigori...
Chelsea Send Scouts To Watch Cesc Fabregas' Protege
Paz has attracted a lot of interest with his meteoric rise at Como, reportedly including Chelsea.
Wisconsin's Democratic showdown between Francesca Hong and David Crowley and more races to watch today
From the Sports Desk: And the medals go to…
At the Milan Cortina Olympics, the first medals were awarded, Italian speedskater Francesca Lollobrigida stole the show, and everyone awaited Lindsey Vonn's medal run.
Cesc Fabregas wants to sign 'beautiful' Liverpool star
Liverpool's team is going to look completely different by the start of the 2026-27 season. The Anfield outfit may have already spent over £450 million on new players last summer but, most of their si...
David Crowley defeats Francesca Hong in Wisconsin governor primary
Centrist David Crowley is projected to have beaten democratic socialist Francesca Hong, breaking a recent nationwide trend.
Frank Ski returns to V-103 and Big Tigger has a new co-host
Changes are afoot at Atlanta radio station V-103, with the return of Frank Ski and the addition of Francesca Amiker and DJ Sturgess.
How an inspiring home video launched a main event fighter
How Francesca Hennessy - who headlines on BBC Two on Saturday - went from weight and dyslexia struggles to viral fame and in sight of a world-title shot.
El-Sayed win kicks Democrats’ Midwest ideological battle into high gear — and some Dems fear November fallout
Progressive Democrats scored key wins in Michigan's primary, and now Wisconsin's governor race and Minnesota's senate primary are the next battlegrounds.
Italy’s far-right Vannacci lashes EU in business summit address
By Valentina Za, Elvira Pollina and Francesca Landini CERNOBBIO, Italy, Sept 5 (Reuters) - Italy's rising far-right politician Roberto Vannacci told a high profile business forum on Saturday that the European Union should halt political integration and...
Jorge Martin comeback win earns praise from fellow world champions
Both Francesco Bagnaia and Fabio Quartararo underlined the magnitude of what Martin achieved at COTA on Saturday
How ADHD diagnosis helped my mental health
Letter: I spent my life pre-diagnosis suffering from depression and low self-esteem, writes Francesca Finch-Andrews
Areas to Watch in Wisconsin’s Democratic Primary for Governor
A race between Francesca Hong and David Crowley could highlight the fault lines between Madison and Milwaukee.
NASA Sea Level Science Makes Waves on World Ocean Day
Explore This SectionScienceScience Activation1,000 Museum Visitors Dive… OverviewResourcesOpportunitiesCitizen ScienceHighlightsAbout Science
Democratic socialists won in liberal cities. Can they do it in a swing state?
Wisconsin’s Francesca Hong hopes the burst of support for democratic socialists in liberal parts of the U.S. will boost her bid for governor in the battleground state.
Mandela Barnes drops out of Democratic primary race for Wisconsin governor
The former lieutenant governor made the announcement in a video posted on his Facebook page as democratic socialist Francesca Hong has garnered strong support from the liberal wing of the party.
Bernie Sanders says he can’t get involved in every race. Some allies wish he would.
Some high-profile progressives are blaming the Vermont senator for not endorsing Francesca Hong in Wisconsin. Sanders told POLITICO he has “limited resources.”
Democratic socialists’ battleground test: From the Politics Desk
Plus, Pete Buttigieg is back on the campaign trail. And digging into Michael Whatley’s bio in the North Carolina Senate race.
Predicting data centers’ energy and health impacts | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
A new project co-led by Harvard Chan School’s Francesca Dominici aims to predict the energy and health impacts of proposed data centers.
2026 Health Policy Leadership Forum
The National Governors Association Center for Best Practicesconvened state and territory governors’ health policy advisors in Charlotte, North Carolina, July 8-10 for the 2026 Health Policy Leadership Forum. Through a discussion-based format, the forum provided governors’ advisors, NGA Partners and invited guests with an opportunity to exchange perspectives, share implementation strategies, and discuss emerging policy challenges shaping state and territorial health systems. Discussions focused on advancing governors’ health priorities in a rapidly evolving policy and fiscal environment while highlighting innovative approaches and peer-informed solutions from across the country.
A Democratic Socialist Disparaged Thanksgiving. Will Voters Forgive Her?
“Cancel Thanksgiving,” she wrote. “VDay” brings out “the worst of humanity,” she mused. Francesca Hong’s old social media posts get a fresh look ahead of Wisconsin’s Democratic primary for governor.
Girl Scouts Event Brings Space Science to the Next Generation
In early May 2026, NASA employees, contractors, and volunteers helped to bring Heliophysics to girls of all ages in a fun-filled weekend of hands-on science activities and experiments.
🗞️ Raphinha, Lamine Yamal and the Cesc effect: Friday's covers
The sports newspaper front pages this September 11 are packed with big names, continental surprises, and tensions handled in global boardrooms. Barcelona’s takeoff, Como’s European debut, and the ...
Serie A: Cagliari vs. Lecce
Fabio Pisacane and Eusebio Di Francesco have confirmed their selections as Cagliari host Lecce at the Unipol Domus in the penultimate match in the third round of 2026-27 Serie A fixtures.Cagliari have...
Why Como’s emphatic Leipzig win is huge for Italian football
Serie A side Como picked up an emphatic and convincing 4-1 win over Leipzig in a historic Champions League night for Cesc Fabregas’ side. The result is huge for the lakeside club but will also prove...
Analysis | With Crowley atop their ticket, Wisconsin Democrats hope for a 2026 sweep
The party establishment is breathing a sign of relief that democratic socialist Francesca Hong, who led the pre-election polls by double-digits, will not be topping their ticket.
The far left hits a wall
The movement had been riding high off a string of primary victories this cycle. But Francesca Hong’s loss Wednesday led to an immediate round of finger-pointing.
Top entertainment figures back under-fire UN Palestinians expert
Over a hundred top figures from the world of entertainment signed an open letter Saturday in support of UN Palestinian human rights expert Francesca Albanese who faces calls to resign
How Thanksgiving Became Political: Francesca Hong’s Tweets Explained
Ahead of Wisconsin’s Democratic primary for governor, a past tweet by the assemblywoman that called for the holiday to be canceled was resurfaced.
Watch the USC Price School's nautical science class voyage to Catalina Island
The USC Price School is home to a unique nautical science program that teaches students navigation and seamanship.
Superconductors, an opportunity for science and society
Superconductive technologies have long been central to particle physics, but they have also repeatedly moved beyond the laboratory, most notably with the emergence of magnetic resonance imaging scanners (MRI), demonstrating how breakthroughs in fundamental research can benefit society. Today, as global energy, climate and healthcare pressures grow, the conversation is shifting from “What can science give to society?” to “How can science and industry jointly develop technologies that benefit society while advancing research?” The event “Catalysing Impact – Superconductivity for Global Challenges” held at CERN in December was aimed precisely at answering this question. The workshop brought together leading researchers, industry representatives, investors and policymakers to explore how collaboration on superconducting technologies can advance particle physics while addressing some of the world’s most pressing societal challenges. The event sought to bridge fundamental research with real-world deployment and to accelerate collaborative pathways. Across keynotes, panels and round tables, participants examined both the current technological landscape and the opportunities ahead. Introducing the discussions, Frédérick Bordry, Chief Technology Officer of the Gauss Fusion company and former CERN Director for Accelerator and Technology, noted that “Superconductivity has become the silent engine of discovery science.” While the research community needs more capable and more resilient superconductors for the next generation of experiments, they also have significant potential for societal applications. Beyond their role in collider magnets, high-temperature superconductors (HTS) now promise lossless power transmission, compact fusion magnets, efficient renewable systems and new capabilities in healthcare, transport, computing and quantum technologies - all aligned with SDG-17’s emphasis on partnership-driven innovation. Participants also stressed that major hurdles remain. Global competition is accelerating, and Europe must act quickly to secure technological and economic leadership. Doing so will require coordinated investment and supportive policies, including stronger risk capital investment and mechanisms to bridge the gap between laboratory innovation and industrial deployment. The summit set in motion several concrete follow-up priorities, including aligning R&D roadmaps with societal goals and the UN Sustainable Development Goals; making it easier for public–private consortia to build demonstrators that serve both industry and research needs; and advancing investment pathways that better connect research institutions, governments and the private sector. A series of interviews of key participants is available here: Frédérick Bordry & Milena Roveda Mike Lamont Francesca Ferrazza Peter Schroth Ziad Melhem Pietro Corsaro
YouTube is upending Hollywood — and Alphabet might be the best entertainment bet
The creator economy has turned the entertainment industry on its head this year, with YouTubers now directing box-office hits. Are entertainment giants like Disney (DIS) and Netflix (NFLX) still the stocks to buy? Gerber Kawasaki Wealth & Investment Management CEO Ross Gerber and his expert panel weigh in on the rise of creator-led projects taking hold in the film industry. Today's Market Hang panel consists of Yahoo Finance's Julie Hyman, Business Insider Today executive editor Dan DeFrancesco, Baird investment strategist Ross Mayfield, and SlateStone Wealth partner and chief market strategist Kenny Polcari.
Democratic socialists face a prove-it moment in battleground Wisconsin
Francesca Hong, the democratic socialist leading Wisconsin’s Democratic field for governor, could soon test whether the progressive insurgency that notched primary victories in deep-blue districts this summer can prevail statewide in a perennial presidential battleground.
Top Obama ally reveals which far-left candidate needs to lose to help progressives win
David Axelrod calls Francesca Hong a "font of zany liberal, faculty lounge exotica" and says her Wisconsin primary loss would help Abdul El-Sayed.
In Retrospect: Poland, Russia, Europe
In April I spent a few days with Zryw, a Polish non-profit organization that recruits young people to enter politics and public life. Their aim is to build a new generation of civic leaders in Poland. I’ve followed their evolution from the beginning; my son is one of the founders. (“Zryw” means “impulse” or “burst of speed” in Polish). Julie Chmielewska, one of Zryw’s leaders, interviewed me at the event. Here is the conversation, lightly edited for grammar and context: Julia Chmielewska: Assuming that culture shapes institutions, could we conclude that some cultures are more prone to authoritarianism? Anne Applebaum: I don’t think so. Every culture, every nation, and every country has the potential for change. When we look at history, we can see that nations do change. Poland has changed, for example, from the 1980s to today. There’s a completely different mentality here than the one I encountered when I first visited, in 1988. The current generation sees the world through a different frame. So no, I don’t believe that certain nations are doomed to authoritarianism, or to anything. Of course, there are political and cultural traditions, but they can always be challenged. JC: So do you think there’s something intrinsic in human nature that pushes people to democracy, freedom? AA: I think there is something in human nature, a deep instinct, that pushes people towards freedom, yes. People who live in authoritarian countries – and I’ve heard this from them over and over again – sooner or later find themselves angered by a feeling of helplessness. They can see the unfairness of crooked courts, irrational political decisions. They naturally dislike the fact that somebody has all the power while they have none. In those circumstances, people who have no political background at all sometimes are politicized just by that frustration. I’m thinking of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, for example, who was a Belarusian housewife, until the circumstances of her husband’s arrest forced her to become a politician. I met a woman who is a Uyghur from China, and who had come to live in Turkey. After several of her family members were arrested, she too was propelled into a political role. These kinds of experiences make people interested in democracy or political reform, even if they thought they didn’t care. I also think that the opposite is true: some people instinctively prefer homogeneity, order, hierarchy. They don’t like the confrontation of opinions or the noise of debate, and they lean towards a single leader or a unified regime. I think that most of modern history is shaped by the clash between those two different sides of human nature. JC: Which force do you find more powerful today? AA: I think they both have a lot of power and there’s no way of predicting who wins. Even in countries that seem very shut off or stuck in an authoritarian system can change. We’ve seen that happen. And vice versa, I think democracies can also begin to fail and slide into authoritarianism. So it’s very important not to be complacent in either direction. JC: I want to go into your history and your experiences. You’ve lived in Russia during a time of incredible change in the late 80s, and then you came back to do research in post-Soviet Russia. AA: I was a student in Russia just before the collapse of the Soviet Union. I then traveled and worked there extensively in the 1990s, and I met people who really were full of hope. They hoped that Russia could become a democracy, or at least a place that guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of the press. These weren’t ideas that came from Washington. Although now the narrative in the Kremlin is different, I met many people who were working towards exactly that kind of transformation. A friend of mine ran a series of seminars – once a year, and then later several times a year, in cities all over Russia – designed to get people to discuss politics in new ways. She invited young politicians and journalists, as well as foreigners. I went to many of them, in Moscow as well as Volgograd and Novosibirsk. Over two decades, hundreds of people came to these seminars, and all of them wanted Russia to be different. I remain convinced that many Russians still want Russia to be different. It’s just that the old system, in the form of Putin, a representative of that system, returned. The KGB reimposed their power. And this wasn’t because of something to do with culture, this was to do with money and politics, and who was in charge. JC: You’ve partially answered my question... I wanted to ask whether that excitement of the 1990s was an exception from the Russian historical norm which has been rather authoritarian? AA: Of course, if you look at the history of Russia since the 18th century, there have always been liberal groups, reformers and revolutionaries. There were the Decembrists, in the early 19th century, and the rural populists later on, who tried to organize the peasantry. A significant group of liberal Russians appeared at the turn of the 20th century, people like the father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov, who was a Russian politician before the revolution. These groups were small in number, but sometimes had a broader significance. The Russian dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s actually invented the modern human rights movement. It was their idea to hold the leaders of the Soviet Union accountable for the language they used, to remind them of the treaties they had signed and the promised they had made. They created the Helsinki group, for example, that held Soviet leadership to the language of the Helsinki Treaty, which formally ended the Second World War and which contained guarantees of human rights, at least on paper. That idea spread to Eastern Europe, and similar tactics were used here in Poland. (Benjamin Nathans recently wrote a great book about the Soviet dissidents, To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause) JC: But seemingly, even if they do ever get power, they could never hold on to it. AA: We don’t know, because they have never really had power. But in any case, we also don’t know what will happen in the future. There is no reason to assume that Russia will forever be condemned to totalitarianism. Even during the first fifteen years of Putin’s regime there was some form of democratic politics. Only when the full-scale war began did he bring everything to an end: he shut down all remaining independent organizations and killed his most important opponent, Alexi Navalny. But does that mean he is popular, that he enjoys legitimacy? Even now, we don’t really know what Russians think about him, or about the war. There is no way of doing real polling in Russia because nobody will answer an independent pollster over the phone. JC: Do you think that the flock of young people, especially young men, who fled Russia after the start of the war represent a continuation of liberal movements that refuse to partake in the authoritarian state, or do you think they are moving for the sake of self-preservation – “I don’t want to go to the army, so I leave”? AA: I’m sure it’s both. I actually know many people who left Russia for political reasons either in the very last years before the war, or else just after the war began. JC: And do you see a change in the young generation versus the old one that have fled? AA: It’s hard for me to say because the people who I know were mostly already politicized. I do know some younger people who left, but most of them were already either active in the opposition, or working as journalists. Many of them very self-consciously think of themselves as maintaining Russian culture abroad, just as in the 20th century the Soviet dissidents or the anti-communist White Russians once thought of themselves as people who maintained the true Russian culture, outside of Bolshevik Russia. JC: Let’s move on to Poland. One of your first experiences with Poland was reporting on Margaret Thatcher’s first state visit, in the autumn of 1988. You followed her around the farmers’ market. AA: She was making a symbolic gesture. She wanted to welcome free markets, but the only one she could really visit was the farmers’ market at Hala Mirowska. JC: And I want to talk about this area because today you can look out of any window in that district, Mirów, and see rows and rows of skyscrapers. How does it feel to see a country built from the ground in such a short time, both politically and economically? AA: You know, when you’re living in a period of dramatic change, it’s always hard to know whether the change is positive or negative. The transformation in Poland created winners and losers, as well as new classes of people, new political movements of different kinds. At the time, it sometimes just felt like turbulence. Now, we can look back at the 1990s and early 2000s in Poland and see in retrospect that the country was headed in towards prosperity and European integration. In around 2009 or 2010, I remember speaking to a woman who worked cleaning government offices, and who asked me if her daughter should study in Amsterdam or in London. This seemed to me to be a real transformation, and it happened very fast: within a few years, Poles stopped feeling like second-class Europeans, and a generation of younger Poles appeared who had no qualms about crossing borders. JC: We again live in turbulent times. Do you think we’re heading towards positive outcomes? AA: I can’t make predictions, because everything that happens tomorrow depends on what people do today. Also, history doesn’t have a trajectory. It doesn’t move in a particular direction. You only think it does afterwards. As I said, you can look afterwards at Poland in the 1990s and you could say this was a period of great progress. But not everybody at the time saw that. Sometimes people are very wrong about a given country’s trajectory. I remember people writing about Ukraine in the 1990s, about how dangerous it was that Ukraine was independent, that this was going to be an anti-semitic state, that Ukrainian nationalism was going to come back... and although you can say many bad things about Ukraine, the country made many bad choices, actually it became a pretty tolerant state which now has a Jewish president and until recently a Muslim defense minister. JC: In the 1990s Poland’s and Ukraine’s GDP were roughly similar. Ukraine was even a bit richer. So the starting point was similar for both of these countries, but they’ve turned out very, very differently. Even if we stop in 2014. Why do you think Ukraine “chose East”? Was it external influence? AA: No, I think Ukraine was in a different position. First of all, central and eastern Ukraine had been part of the Soviet Union since the 1920s, and had therefore experienced a longer period of occupation, repression, Sovietization and even Russification. Ukraine did not have, as Poland did, an alternative elite: a large cadre of economists and politicians, who already had some experience in opposition politics and in independent thinking. In Poland, the transformative finance minister, Leszek Balcerowicz, had already thought about how an economy might be decentralized before he took office. We can argue about how successful he was, but at least he was prepared to try something new. In Ukraine, people weren’t prepared. For one, there hadn’t been much space even for an illegal opposition in the previous couple of decades. Ukraine was also in many ways still emerging from colonial occupation. For the previous couple of centuries, many of the most capable Ukrainians had moved to Russia, and the first generation of leaders in independent Ukraine tended to be former Soviet apparatchiks. They didn’t immediately seek to become closer to western Europe. Instead, they looked for some kind of economic and political “third way” and an accomodation with Russia. Ukraine became stuck in this position, half-in, half-out and became pretty profoundly corrupt. JC: The Polish alternative elite had a vision of where they wanted the country to go. I think the general perception now is that this vision ends with the next election, right? Is this a natural process of gaining power? AA: Their vision, and it was shared by the time by politicians who now call themselves both left and right, was that Poland should join the EU and NATO, as fast as possible. My husband (Radek Sikorski) was in the very first government that said it wanted to join NATO. At the time this was taken very badly in Washington: the demand for NATO membership absolutely came from Poland, not from the US. But even then, in the early 1990s, many Poles already understood that the Russian sphere of influence would grow once again, that it was important to become part of the transatlantic alliance and an integrated Europe as fast as possible: NATO, the EU, the Council of Europe, all of the trading and security alliances. That consensus lasted through several different governments and over many years, even governments containing former communists. For twenty years, right, left and center disagreed about many things, but they all agreed on the direction that the country should go. In retrospect, that consensus created the basis for prosperity in Poland. JC: And regarding the Polish-Ukrainian relations. We know that antagonisms, e.g. the myth of Wołyń [a massacre of Poles that took place in what is now Western Ukraine, in 1943] are increasingly used in Polish political discourse today. In Ukraine, nationalist historians make heroes out of UPA, the Ukrainian revolutionary army, which is held responsible for this tragedy. Where do you see a start for burying the hatchet? Is the reconciliation of our nations possible? AA: So here’s a strange thing: For more than a decade after they both gained independence, Poland and Ukraine participated in a number of projects that were designed to solve exactly these kinds of Polish-Ukrainian differences. Books were published that were jointly written by Polish and Ukrainian historians, monuments were built. These projects were successful: If you’d asked me this question in 2010, I would have said that there are no real historical issues between Poland and Ukraine, that the two countries had mostly reconciled. For a number of reasons, this began to shift. In Poland, children and grandchildren of victims of the Wołyń massacre felt their tragedy hadn’t been fully recognized. In Ukraine, nationalist groups wanted the UPA partisans who had fought against the Soviet Union recognized for their heroism, despite the fact that some in this broad and not well-defined group were also linked to Wołyń. In both eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the memory of the ethnic cleansing that took place there in the late 1940s - Poles were moved West, Ukrainians East - to accomodate new borders has left feelings of displacement and bitterness. The wave of Ukrainian immigration, which started before the war, may have provoked some of this. But don’t underestimate the role played by Russia, which has always wanted to create discord between Poland and Ukraine, and pumps out propaganda to that effect in both countries. Vandalism on both sides of the border, damage done to cemeteries and monuments, is sometimes carried out by provacateurs working for Russia, just to create bad feelings. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict also hides a different reality: although there are real grievances and bad memories, the truth is that the biggest tragedies both nations experienced in the twentieth century were inflicted by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. That should unite these two countries, not divide them. JC: This week (19.04.2026 – Ed.) in Hungary we saw that using historical narratives to create grievance has no longer worked. Are you optimistic about the direction after Orban’s loss? AA: The Hungarian election was really important because it shows that people can actually resist powerful, dominant propaganda. The ruling party Fidesz controlled all of the TV, 90% of the newspapers, the constitutional court, the bureaucracy... and yet people had the nerve to vote against it and resist it. It’s also an important election because Hungary created a huge network of well-funded think tanks and foundations that were funding other far right groups and projects. So that loss is going to have a knock-on effect in other places too, maybe even in Poland. JC: What you’ve said about resisting propaganda reminds me of one of the interviews you did about talking to Russians in the post-Soviet era who claimed that people knew that the system was lying. Why do people choose to believe in these regimes anyway? AA: Because it’s useful. Stephen Kotkin, an American historian, once described how people would learn how to “speak Bolshevik”: It was just a language that you needed to use in order to get by in society. If you didn’t talk the way the regime wanted you to talk, then you might have problems, or lose your job, or your kids would not get into university. It was a way of getting along. Communist Poland was similar, at least in the early years. When I was writing a book about the Sovietization of Eastern Europe after World War II, I met a lot of people who wanted to talk a lot about the war, when many of them had done really heroic things. But almost nobody wanted to talk about the decade afterwards, between 1945 and 1956. This was when you had the short period of terror, violence and Polish Stalinism. To stay safe, people felt the need to just go along with what others were saying, or stay out of politics, or use communist jargon without necessarily believing it. I don’t judge them for it, and I wouldn’t describe all of those people as collaborators. It’s easy to feel moral certainty in retrospect, because we know that communism ended. But if you were living in 1949, it might not have been clear to you that communism was going to end. In very repressive societies, maybe about 10% of people who are really evil – collaborators, torturers. Maybe 10% of people are really brave and who find ways to resist. And then around 80% of people have kids, they have parents, they have to have jobs and they’ve had to get through it somehow. Strange though it may sound, I’ve found that the work I did on that book is now very useful in explaining some of what’s going on in the United States today. There are plenty of members of the Republican Party in Congress who know perfectly well that Donald Trump says many things that aren’t true. But they avoid criticizing him because it’s inconvenient, because they would get in trouble, because someone would attack them on the internet. So actually you don’t even need mass terror to get people to conform. JC: Is Gen Z reinventing agency? AA: We’ll see. In any generation you can find groups of people who want agency. If you live in a society that’s unfair, for example where a tiny number of people have captured most of the wealth, then at a certain point people rebel. This is always easier for younger people, who have you have less to lose. The question now is how the internet will affect the relationships between citizens and the state, and how it will change organizations. The “Twitter revolutions” people spoke about as early as 2008-9, mass protests organized online, have often proved to be very superficial. Although you can easily join something just by clicking, the work of creating a real movement requires physical participation. Successful mass movements of the past, for example the Civil Rights movement in the United States, were built by people who had spent many years together. They had participated in non-violent workshops together. They practiced and prepared. Just using the you can get everybody to show up at a certain moment, but then when the protest is broken up, nothing happens. It’s also true that the repressive regimes have more recently learned how to use the internet to undermine leaders and movements. Most of all, they now understand how to make people cynical. The form of propaganda that most modern authoritarians use - and I think the Russians really pioneered this - deploys sneering cynicism. Instead of praising the rulers, the regime propagandists mock the opposition movement leadership for being supposedly corrupt or sexually degenerate, with the goal of undermining any kind of idealism. JC: MAGA grew on the internet? AA: MAGA is a real grassroots movement. They had symbols, red hats, they showed up at rallies. But you’re right that the cynicism, the sarcasm and the distrust that the movement embodies came originally from the internet, and this is different. Fifty years ago, most European political parties had a social base in real organizations, in trade unions for Social Democrats, in church groups for Christian Democrats. As people stopped going to church and as the trade unions became smaller, the social base of these parties disappeared. Now people who wouldn’t have known one another in the past meet on the internet and create new movements, many of which don’t last. JC: Is history ending? Going in stale circles? AA: History never ends. In truth, human beings want contradictory things at the same time: order and freedom, stability and change. These things are never resolved, and when a society swings too far in one direction, people always push it the other way. But each time that happens, the result is different. Certainly it is true that we are now in a period when old philosophers and ideas from the 1930s are undergoing a revival. Carl Schmitt, who was a philosopher who was very influential on the Nazis, is back as an influence on both the far left and the far right, once again inspiring people to think that all politics has to be existential, that all politics is about defining and defeating enemies. In the US, some are also bringing back dominionism, the idea that we need a Christian and not a secular state. It’s also true that we are living through a more fundamental shift. The old left-right divide, which was mostly about the size of the state, is much less important now. Instead, we are arguing about more fundamental things: what are our rights, what protects our freedom. Or how much power do we want to give small elites, versus how much power to give ordinary people. In America a small group of very wealthy people now control information, because they control the social media platforms and AI, which means they determine what people will read and learn. Finding a way to preserve preserve zones of autonomy and independent thinking, this is going to be the main task for the next generation. JC: What is the one book that a person interested in Central Europe should read? AA: You could read my book “Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe” which tells the story of how the Soviet Union imposed its culture on the region. Or read Tim Snyder’s history of the region, “The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus 1569-1999.” And everyone should read “The Captive Mind” by Czesław Miłosz, which describes exactly the phenomenon we were talking about: why do people collaborate? I joined Scott Galloway and the brilliant Fiona Hill in a discussion about the wars in Ukraine and Iran, the future of global power, and what these conflicts reveal about America's role in the world. Scott told us that this was the 400th edition of his podcast, which is quite a number: My friend Francesco Chiamulera runs a brilliant series of literary events, Una Colline di Libri, A Hill of Books, in the Prosecco Hills, a region of vineyards and elegant hill towns in the Veneto, north of Venice. We did an event in Vittorio Veneto and also drove and biked around the countryside. Buy Autocracy Inc Buy Iron Curtain Open Letters, from Anne Applebaum is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe
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