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Yankees’ Netflix debut is latest example of sports’ complicated TV landscape

Fans have never had more access to live sports on TV. But it comes with costs, like navigating a maze of networks and new subscription fees.

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Mar 25 • 5:00 AM EDT • Sports • nytimes.com
The labor leader behind California’s billionaire tax showdown

For decades, Dave Regan has used California’s direct democracy system in a relentless campaign to shore up union power — and his own. But his newest mission is on an entirely different scale.

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Mar 25 • 5:00 AM EDT • Politics • politico.com
Kentucky basketball assembled a $22 million roster. The results never matched the price.

Kentucky is making a bold move that could signal where the future of college sports is headed.

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Mar 25 • 4:30 AM EDT • Sports • nytimes.com
Sony closes first-party studio Dark Outlaw Games

Developer was founded by industry veteran Jason Blundell in March 2025

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Mar 25 • 4:29 AM EDT • Technology • gamesindustry.biz
IPS Students Showcase Data Science Skills with Pascal Siakam at Arsenal Tech

Pascal Siakam of the Indiana Pacers will visit Indianapolis Public Schools (IPS) on Thursdaay, March 26 to celebrate student achievements in the ‘Data Dunkers’ program. Driven by a partnership between the PS43 Foundation and Dell Technologies, this initiative leverages basketball to teach foundational STEM and data analysis skills. During the event, Siakam will meet with… Read More »IPS Students Showcase Data Science Skills with Pascal Siakam at Arsenal Tech

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Mar 25 • 1:03 AM EDT • Science • myips.org
Mills halts kennel ordinance at second reading amid showing for business owner

MILLS, Wyo. — Mills City Council has shelved a proposed ordinance affecting kennels and catteries on second reading. Mills City Attorney Pat Holscher told

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Mar 25 • 12:43 AM EDT • Business • oilcity.news
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 25, 2026, puzzle No. 548

Welcome to Connections: Sports Edition Coach — a spot to gather clues and discuss (and share) scores.

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Mar 25 • 12:00 AM EDT • Sports • nytimes.com
‘Daredevil: Born Again’ Season 2 review: Balancing the scales of justice

Season 2, which premieres Tuesday on Disney+, is a greatly entertaining blend of crunchy action and compelling narrative, writes our reviewer.

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Mar 24 • 9:00 PM EDT • Entertainment • yakimaherald.com
Brian Nathan edges out Josie Tomkow in SD 14 as she pledges a rematch in November

The race was being watched as a potential bellwether ahead of the November Midterms.

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Mar 24 • 8:28 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
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At Baklava Bakery & Coffee, a family business evolves with a new generation

One year after opening, the Arlington cafe extends a 20-year bakery operation while sons help shape its coffee program for future growth.

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Mar 24 • 7:47 PM EDT • Business • fortworthreport.org
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Crystal Etienne: Florida’s school choice debate isn’t ignoring evidence, it’s asking for it

Critics argue school choice expansion lacks full data and accountability

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Mar 24 • 6:31 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
Steve Kornacki's guide to the next big elections on the calendar: From the Politics Desk

Plus, where talks to end the DHS shutdown stand.

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Mar 24 • 5:35 PM EDT • Politics • nbcnews.com
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Mike Tomlin Signs With Sports Media Agent Sandy Montag

Sandy Montag and sportscaster-turned-agent Alex Flanagan will represent Mike Tomlin in potential talks with networks and streamers.

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Mar 24 • 5:27 PM EDT • Sports • frontofficesports.com
Scientists Reinvent a Classic Material To Help Power the Future of Quantum Tech

Researchers have revisited a long-known material and uncovered a way to dramatically enhance its performance by altering its structure at the nanoscale.

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Mar 24 • 5:24 PM EDT • Science • scitechdaily.com
Scientists Reflect on Experiences Meeting Patients

On the very best days, our researchers get to connect face to face with patients and families. Learn more about the meaning behind these moments.

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Mar 24 • 5:14 PM EDT • Science • biomarin.com
ICE presence rising at Michigan health care facilities, rights groups say

The Michigan Immigrant Rights Center and the ACLU of Michigan have sent guidance to more than 400 hospitals and providers in the state to outline law enforcement changes to ‘sensitive locations’ policy.

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Mar 24 • 5:04 PM EDT • Health • bridgemi.com
Kansas Legislature's negotiators on education bills drop sports ban tied to Christian calendar

Senate and House negotiators removed from a bill a mandate to dramatically expand periods in which schools could schedule sports activities for students.

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Mar 24 • 4:58 PM EDT • Sports • kansasreflector.com
Failed push to scrap license plate decals raises questions

Ditching the yellow stickers might be costly for local governments and sheriff's departments.

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Mar 24 • 4:51 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
Julio Fuentes: Florida amends SB 1760 to protect access to lower-cost drugs

Lawmakers preserve competition to keep prescription drugs affordable for Floridians

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Mar 24 • 4:50 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
'Sports Illustrated Swimsuit' Teases Sexy New Photo Shoots with Bethenny Frankel, Ilona Maher and More

'Sports Illustrated Swimsuit' teased its forthcoming 2026 issue featuring a mix of newcomers, as well as fan-favorite veterans.

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Mar 24 • 2:50 PM EDT • Sports • people.com
'Mystery Science Theater' Set to Make Comeback After Fans Raise Over $5 Million to Fund New Episodes

RiffTrax and Shout! Studios announced a Kickstarter campaign to create new episodes of 'Mystery Science Theater 3000.' 'MST3K' has existed in different iterations from 1988 to the present day.

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Mar 24 • 2:48 PM EDT • Science • people.com
Blaise Ingoglia targets Citrus County for 'wasteful' spending

'That’s an amazing amount of government growth in six years.'

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Mar 24 • 2:34 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
'SNL' alum calls out cast members who break into laughter during sketches: 'It doesn't work'

Former 'Weekend Update' anchor Kevin Nealon isn't a fan of 'SNL' cast members breaking during sketches.

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Mar 24 • 1:55 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Crimson Desert sells another 1m, as Pearl Abyss pledges more fixes to address launch day struggles

Crimson Desert has sold another 1m copies since Friday.

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Mar 24 • 1:18 PM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net
Georgia: Opposition politician Elene Khoshtaria given politically motivated prison sentence for graffiti

In Elene Khoshtaria’s case, the severity of the punishment appears related not to material damage, but to her political opinions and the symbolic damage she has inflicted on the ruling party

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Mar 24 • 1:16 PM EDT • Politics • amnesty.org
Joy Behar skips 'View' interview with Carrie Underwood after criticizing Trump performance

Joy Behar left 'The View' table Tuesday morning, skipping an interview with Carrie Underwood after publicly criticizing the 'American Idol' winner's decision to perform at Donald Trump's inauguration.

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Mar 24 • 1:14 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Epic Games lays off over 1,000 employees following "downturn in Fortnite engagement"

CEO Tim Sweeney says cuts are necessary to "keep the company funded" and to put it "in a more stable place"

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Mar 24 • 11:03 AM EDT • Technology • gamesindustry.biz
Apple takes aim at Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 with new hosted business email

The new Apple Business platform is expanding beyond device management. It now includes fully integrated email, calendar, and directory services for business domain.

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Mar 24 • 11:00 AM EDT • Technology • 9to5mac.com
Exclusive: Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 Official CAD Renders & Rumors

This is the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8. After a pretty huge upgrade last year, for the Galaxy Z Fold 7, Samsung doesn't appear to be making any massive

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Mar 24 • 9:59 AM EDT • Technology • androidheadlines.com
World Athletics Expands Air Quality Monitoring, But Can Sports Fill Global South’s Data Void?

The walk coordinators carried portable air quality sensors, logging particulate matter (PM)2.5 (fine particles) and PM10 (coarse particles), nitrogen dioxide

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Mar 24 • 9:50 AM EDT • Sports • healthpolicy-watch.news
World TB Day: Scaling workplace healthcare interventions

Four lessons from the End Workplace TB initiative could help other private sector-led campaign coalitions to scale their workplace healthcare programmes.

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Mar 24 • 9:36 AM EDT • Health • weforum.org
CT bill seeks to reduce business tax on energy, boost state tourism and international trade

State lawmakers are considering a wide-ranging proposal aimed at reducing business costs, increasing municipal revenue and expanding international trade.

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Mar 24 • 9:28 AM EDT • Business • hartfordbusiness.com
High on Life 2's Switch 2 release delayed "to better meet not only our high standards for gaming, but yours as well"

High on Life 2, the sequel to the crude and comedic FPS from Squanch Games, has had its Switch 2 release delayed by a couple of months.

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Mar 24 • 9:20 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net
SGMC Health Honors Luna with DAISY Award

SGMC Health recognized Anabell Luna, RN, Labor & Delivery, as the latest recipient of the DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses.

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Mar 24 • 8:39 AM EDT • Health • sgmc.org
Avalon’s New Challenges, Opportunities in Life Science Investing

LA JOLLA – As Avalon BioVentures wraps up deploying its very first fund, the $135 million ABV1, the early stage focused venture capital firm is already lookin

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Mar 24 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • sdbj.com
The Best Time To Take Vitamin D for Brain Health and Mood

Vitamin D is essential for brain health and mood. Taking it in the afternoon with a large meal can help improve absorption and effectiveness.

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Mar 24 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • health.com
Switch 2 demand appears to be flagging as Nintendo reportedly lowers production

Nintendo's Switch 2 got off to a roaring start but demand has started to sag, particularly in the US. Where are the big games to reverse this?

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Mar 24 • 7:44 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net
Stellar Entertainment Partners with Parrot Analytics to Advance Data-Driven IFE

Stellar Entertainment and Parrot Analytics partner to bring real-time data into airline inflight content decisions.

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Mar 24 • 7:29 AM EDT • Entertainment • apex.aero
Wind Turbines Once Had One Job: Generate Power. Now Engineers Want Their Towers to Do Something Modern Life Cannot Run Without

Deep in the North Sea, a strange new AI infrastructure plan is taking shape inside offshore wind turbines.

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Mar 24 • 6:45 AM EDT • Technology • dailygalaxy.com
Just get a new Samsung phone? Turn off these 6 features immediately

Samsung phones are great — but they're even better after you disable some of the default features and settings.

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Mar 24 • 5:00 AM EDT • Technology • androidauthority.com
NCAA Tournament: Cinderella’s not ‘dead,’ she’s just sporting new threads

Cinderella entered the portal. Now she's built different.

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Mar 24 • 5:00 AM EDT • Sports • nytimes.com
Nintendo reportedly adjusting Switch 2 production after weak holiday sales

Sources say lower production volume is expected to continue in April

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Mar 24 • 4:40 AM EDT • Technology • gamesindustry.biz
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 24, 2026, puzzle No. 547

Welcome to Connections: Sports Edition Coach — a spot to gather clues and discuss (and share) scores.

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Mar 24 • 12:00 AM EDT • Sports • nytimes.com
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Sarah Michelle Gellar says she and Reese Witherspoon were too shy to ask Adele for a play date

Sarah Michelle Gellar says she and Reese Witherspoon were both too nervous to ask Adele if they could schedule a play date for all of their kids: 'None of us wanted to ask.'

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Mar 23 • 10:00 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Entertainment and more in the Mid-Ohio Valley

PARKERSBURG – The Artsbridge calendar for this week: TODAY * Geppetto Woodcarver’s Wood Quilt display, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., WesBanco, Market Street, Parkersburg * Art is Life/Life is Art, ages 55-plus,10:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., Parkersburg Art Center * Butterfly Photo Holder, ages 13-plus,11 a.m. to noon, Marietta Public Library * Hygge Club, adults, […]

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Mar 23 • 8:00 PM EDT • Entertainment • newsandsentinel.com
Segment: Financing Action on Extreme Heat and Maternal and Newborn Health: The Way Forward

The segment “Financing Action on Extreme Heat and Maternal and Newborn Health: The Way Forward” will examine how innovative and better-aligned financing approaches can respond to these growing risks. Discussions will highlight country experiences in mobilizing domestic resources, opportunities to unlock and scale climate finance, and the role of heat-smart innovations in building resilient health systems. Particular attention will be given to low- and middle-income countries, where exposure and vulnerability remain highest, and where integrated solutions can deliver the greatest impact.

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Mar 23 • 8:00 PM EDT • Health • pmnch.who.int
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Ron DeSantis, Nikki Haley tie for 3rd in New Hampshire GOP 2028 poll, far behind Marco Rubio, JD Vance

New polling shows another run for the Governor may be challenging.

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Mar 23 • 7:31 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
S.F. public health boss: Hospital staff stopped stabbing, not sheriff

Daniel Tsai said in a private meeting that protocol failures led to a social worker's death, and contradicted sheriff's account of the incident.

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Mar 23 • 4:50 PM EDT • Health • missionlocal.org
Mojang partners with Merlin Entertainments for the world's first Minecraft theme park, Minecraft World

Mojang has partnered with Merlin Entertainments to build the world's first Minecraft theme park in the UK.

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Mar 23 • 4:32 PM EDT • Entertainment • gamesindustry.biz
How LuGus Studios Turned a Viral Prototype Into a Successful Business

LuGus Studios discusses building Liftoff, growing a niche drone sim audience, and sustaining a 15-year indie studio through community-driven development, iterative workflows, and a focus on impact over scale.

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Mar 23 • 3:35 PM EDT • Business • 80.lv
The Core Entertainment Hires Sarah Pfeiffer As Head Of Marketing & Gabriella Pulley As Chief Of Staff

The Core Entertainment is continuing to scale its company, with the recent news of two new hires added to the leadership team. Sarah Pfeiffer has been named

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Mar 23 • 3:24 PM EDT • Entertainment • news.pollstar.com
Bachelorette suitor from canceled season drove car in Madison Cawthorn crash

A 'Bachelorette' suitor from Taylor Frankie Paul's now-scrapped season was the driver in the 2014 car crash that paralyzed former Republican congressman Madison Cawthorn.

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Mar 23 • 2:08 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
On eve of SD 14 election, Dems still lag in early vote, but data suggests possible victory in defeat

Even if Democrat Brian Nathan loses, an overperformance could send a big message.

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Mar 23 • 12:20 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
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Politics & Film: ‘Fahrenheit 9/11,’ March 27

Join Politics & Film for a screening of Michael Moore's award-winning documentary “Fahrenheit 9/11” on Friday, March 27 at 5:00 p.m. in Wehr Life Sciences 111.

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Mar 23 • 11:26 AM EDT • Politics • today.marquette.edu
Microsoft announces Xbox Partner Preview for this week, with Ryu Ga Gotoku's Stranger Than Heaven finally making a showing

Microsoft has announced its next Xbox Partner Preview showcase will take place later this week, focused on third-party games from the likes of Sega and GSC.

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Mar 23 • 10:17 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net
Revolutionary Submarine Mysteriously Disappears Without a Trace – Scientists Are Now Preparing for a Bold Return

A pioneering robotic submarine that explored beneath Antarctica’s glaciers has been lost, but its discoveries are reshaping our understanding of ice melt as a more advanced successor is prepared to continue the mission.

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Mar 23 • 10:04 AM EDT • Science • scitechdaily.com
Intel Core Ultra 7 270K Plus & Core Ultra 5 250K Plus Official Benchmarks: Faster Than 14900K & Comparable To Ryzen X In Gaming, Much Faster In Apps, Superb Value

Intel shared official benchmarks of its Core Ultra 7 270K Plus & Core Ultra 5 250K Plus in gaming, apps, and more, against AMD Ryzen CPUs.

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Mar 23 • 9:00 AM EDT • Technology • wccftech.com
How Healthy Are Meat Sticks and Jerky as Protein Sources?

These convenient snacks are rich in protein and low in calories, but they are considered processed meats. Here's how often you should eat them.

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Mar 23 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • health.com
10 Surprising Perimenopause Symptoms That Are More Common Than Hot Flashes, According to New Research

Think perimenopause is just about hot flashes? Check out these very common other menopause symptoms.

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Mar 23 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • health.com
Browns coach Todd Monken’s strong suit is blunt honesty without the politics

Monken's authenticity and commitment are strengths, said the Southern Miss AD who hired him for his only other head-coaching job in 2013.

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Mar 23 • 7:00 AM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
Banijay Entertainment Dials Up Global Scripted with Premium Series Mania Slate

Media and entertainment powerhouse, Banijay Entertainment, today unveils its premium scripted offering for Series Mania, showcasing a broad range of high-end drama from across its global portfolio. As the number one European studio in scripted, with more than 100 titles launching each year, the company continues to demonstrate its scale, creative strength, global reach and […]

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Mar 23 • 6:26 AM EDT • Entertainment • banijay.com
Today's hefty Crimson Desert patch includes "beginning of improvements" to keyboard and mouse controls, plus much more

Pearl Abyss has detailed a rather chunky patch for Crimson Desert, after its launch last week was marred by multiple issues and AI controversies.

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Mar 23 • 5:52 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 23, 2026, puzzle No. 546

Welcome to Connections: Sports Edition Coach — a spot to gather clues and discuss (and share) scores.

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Mar 23 • 12:50 AM EDT • Sports • nytimes.com
'Harry Potter' star details racist 'abuse' he suffered after joining upcoming TV show

Paapa Essiedu is speaking out about on 'abuse' he's endured since being cast as Severus Snape in the 'Harry Potter' TV series: 'Nobody should have to encounter this for doing their job.'

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Mar 22 • 11:01 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Carrie Anne Fleming, 'Supernatural' and 'iZombie' actress, dies at 51

Carrie Anne Fleming, who appeared on 3 episodes of 'Supernatural' as Bobby's wife Karen, has died. She was 51.

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Mar 22 • 7:37 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
'Project Hail Mary' blasts off to record-breaking $80 million, becomes 2026's best premiere

'Project Hail Mary' burned through the outer layer of box office projections this weekend, reaching an astounding $80 million in its domestic premiere and $141 million worldwide.

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Mar 22 • 7:30 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Samsung Brings AirDrop Support to Quick Share with Galaxy S26 Series

Samsung is introducing AirDrop support to the Galaxy S26 series, making it easier for users to share content between devices using Quick Share. The feature will begin rolling out from March 231, starting in Korea and expanding to more regions including Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, Latin America, North America, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. AirDrop support […]

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Mar 22 • 7:00 PM EDT • Technology • news.samsung.com
Man Born with ‘Butterfly Syndrome’ Is Fighting for Change for ‘the Worst Disease You’ve Never Heard of’ (Exclusive)

Ohio resident Shane DiGiovanna, who has the rare disorder epidermolysis bullosa (EB), is advocating for legislation to help cover costly medical bandages for patients with the disease, which is also known as ‘butterfly syndrome.’

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Mar 22 • 6:00 PM EDT • Health • people.com
Former 'Bachelorette' star James Taylor re-arrested on assault charges in Texas

Former 'Bachelorette' star James Taylor has been re-arrested in Texas in connection to his 2024 assault case.

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Mar 22 • 5:07 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Khloé Kardashian Recalls How Her Divorce from Lamar Odom Made Her ‘Obsessed’ with Leading a Healthy Lifestyle

Khloé Kardashian opened up about her relationship with diet and exercise on the March 18 episode of her podcast, ‘Khloé in Wonder Land.’ She said she became ‘obsessed’ with exercise after examining how her food choices were affecting her quality of life.

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Mar 22 • 2:30 PM EDT • Health • people.com
Your Thymus and Your Healthspan

Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.

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Mar 22 • 2:18 PM EDT • Health • erictopol.substack.com
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Mar 22 • 11:51 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net
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Mar 21 • 10:30 AM EDT • Science • indiandefencereview.com
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March 21 Arts & Entertainment Calendar

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Mar 21 • 6:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • reflector.com
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Mar 21 • 5:06 AM EDT • Health • people.com
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