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Philadelphia Eagles' dynamic duo named one of NFL's best
The Philadelphia Eagles' dynamic receiving duo of A.J. Brown and DeVonta Smith was recently named one of the best in the entire NFL by Moe Moton of Bleacher Report. The pairing of Smith and Brown was named as the fifth-best wide receiver duo in the league, behind Ja'Marr Chase and Tee Higgins in Cincinnati, Puka Nacua And Davante Adams in L.A., CeeDee Lamb and George Pickens in Dallas and Amon-Ra St. Brown and Jameson Williams in Detroit.
Tom Brady Reveals the Sneaky Way He’s Able to Watch His Kids’ Sports Games in Person
Tom Brady shared how he avoids being recognized while cheering for his three kids at their sports games, opting to keep the focus squarely on them “where it should be.”
Tom Brady 'unlikely' to play flag football at 2028 Olympics but leaves door open: 'Never say never'
Brady did not entirely rule out an appearance on the inaugural Team USA roster
A strange twist in the universe’s oldest light may be bigger than we thought
Scientists studying a mysterious effect called cosmic birefringence—a subtle twist in the polarization of the universe’s oldest light—have developed a new way to reduce uncertainty in how it’s measured. This faint rotation in the cosmic microwave background could point to entirely new physics, including hidden particles such as axions and clues about dark matter or dark energy.
March Madness bracket: 2026 NCAA men's tournament field is set
A look at the entire bracket for the 2026 NCAA men's basketball tournament. Duke, Arizona, Michigan and Florida are No. 1 seeds.
2026 Oscar nominations full list: 'Sinners' smashes record with 16 nods as 'Wicked: For Good' is snubbed entirely
Paul Thomas Anderson's "One Battle After Another" was second with 13 while Jon M. Chu's "Wicked" sequel was completely shut out.
AMD Sees Agent Computers as the Next Step in AI PCs
AMD has published a guide for running OpenClaw locally on Windows through two distinct hardware paths it calls "RyzenClaw" and "RadeonClaw," both built around its own silicon and designed to keep AI agent workloads off the cloud entirely. The push is part of AMD's broader "Agent Computer" narrative,...
Dolly Parton Shares Health Update During First Public Appearance in Months
Dolly Parton revealed that she is “back to normal” after privately addressing health concerns that prompted her to cancel public appearances in the wake of her husband Carl Dean’s death.
Dallas Cowboys 2021 draft class all now gone from team
The entire 2021 Dallas Cowboys Draft Class is now gone from the team.
Keyboard Much Easier to Replace on MacBook Neo Than Apple's Other Laptops
You no longer have to swap out the entire top half of the laptop's case just to fix the keys.
Meta’s Moltbook gamble looks a lot like bubble behavior
Meta, the company that changed its entire brand identity five years ago on the promise of a technology it turned out no one wanted, just spent an undisclosed sum to acquire Moltbook, a “social network” built for “AI agents.”
Paramore—“Misery Business”
Imagine the angstiest, cringiest art you made as a teenager. Now imagine the entire world singing to it in their cars and at karaoke forever. Today, Rob is breaking down the emotionally turbulent emo-bop factory machine that is Paramore. He applauds the incredible and messy lyrics of ‘Riot!,’ which differentiate the album from those of similar bands of the time. Later, he talks to The Ringer’s Rob Mahoney, Paramore’s OG fan, to discuss the exponential improvement between ‘All We Know Is Falling’ and ‘Riot!’ and Hayley Williams’s incredible vocals on “Misery Business.”
Big Walk isn't 'friendslop,' it's an entirely new type of multiplayer game
Big Walk is a social game born of the pandemic but designed for a post-friendslop era
My mom has collected miniatures for 50 years
My mom has spent 50 years collecting miniatures that now fill our entire basement. She didn't get rid of any and my friends loved coming to look at them.
2026 Fantasy Baseball Rankings: Sleepers, breakouts, busts from computer that predicted Raleigh's big season
SportsLine simulated the entire MLB season 10,000 times and identified 2026 Fantasy baseball sleepers, breakout and busts
President Trump says ‘whole educational system’ could go out of business without fixes to college sports
President Donald Trump has predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly.
At college sports roundtable, Trump says 'whole educational system' could go out of business unless fixed
President Trump predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly.
Trump says ‘whole educational system’ could go out of business without fixes to college sports
President Donald Trump predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly – something some sports leaders who joined him Friday at a White House summit agreed could only happen by raising more money to pay players.
Trump says ‘whole educational system’ could go out of business without fixes to college sports
President Donald Trump predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly – something some sports leaders who joined him Friday at a White House summit agreed could only happen by raising more money to pay players.
Trump says ‘whole educational system’ could go out of business without fixes to college sports
President Donald Trump predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly – something some sports leaders who joined him Friday at a White House summit agreed could only happen by raising more money to pay players.
Trump says ‘whole educational system’ could go out of business without fixes to college sports
President Donald Trump predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly – something some sports leaders who joined him Friday at a White House summit agreed could only happen by raising more money to pay players.
Trump says ‘whole educational system’ could go out of business without fixes to college sports
President Donald Trump predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly — something some sports leaders who joined him…
Trump says 'whole educational system' could go out of business without fixes to college sports
President Donald Trump predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly -- something some sports leaders who joined him Friday at a White House summit agreed could only happen by raising more money to pay players.
Trump warns US collegiate system could collapse without reform to sports
President Donald Trump has predicted the destruction not just of college sports but the entire U.S. collegiate system unless the industry is fixed quickly.
The era of Doctor AI is already here
Artificial intelligence is opening access to medical information in an entirely new way.
Highguard Skeleton Crew Crunches To Ship Update Amid Pile-On
The major update adds an entire skill tree, XP progression, and hero
How Ludwig Göransson's Scores Became the Main Character
The 41-year-old Swedish musician is Ryan Coogler's and Christopher Nolan’s muse for a reason: His music transforms a film into something else entirely.
Breaking Down BYU’s Defense During Spring Ball
BYU football is in Spring Ball mode now. Last week, we addressed the offensive outlook. Now we take a look at one of the best units in the entire Big 12 last year, the BYU defense. Jay Hill is gone to Michigan after spending the last three seasons as BYU’s defensive coordinator. He certainly left […]
Your Cells Can ‘Remember’—Meaning Your Entire Body Could Be Conscious, Some Researchers Suggest
A recent study suggests that memories aren’t just stored in the brain, raising important questions about cognition.
Intramural sports give students shot at finding community
Every March, college basketball takes over the country. Brackets are filled out between classes, buzzer-beaters dominate social media and entire campuses rally behind teams chasing championships during March Madness. At universities with major athletic programs, sports become part of a school’s identity. At TCC, the atmosphere looks different. There are no packed football stadiums or nationally televised...
Fin Smith set to start as Borthwick shakes up England
England's entire backline could change from the game against Ireland for the Six Nations match in Italy on Saturday.
Bill Simmons Just Predicted Friday Return For Celtics' Jayson Tatum
Tatum has missed the entire season thus far due to Achilles rehab.
A Brother Martin captain gets his moment in home playoff win. ‘That’s how you build culture.’
When Chris Keene’s 3-pointer left his hands Friday night, the entire Brother Martin student section raised their arms in anticipation.
A lost moon may have created Titan and Saturn’s rings
Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, may have been born in a colossal cosmic crash. New research suggests Titan formed when two older moons slammed together hundreds of millions of years ago—an event so violent it reshaped Saturn’s entire moon system and may have indirectly sparked the formation of its iconic rings. Clues come from Titan’s unusual orbit, its surprisingly smooth surface, and the strange behavior of the tumbling moon Hyperion.
Scientists confirm a mysterious “cosmic barcode” hidden near black holes - Futura-Sciences
It is hard to believe, but it has already been ten years since the first detection of a gravitational wave source. Named GW150914, after the date of its observation on 14 September 2015, the signal reached Earth and opened an entirely new chapter in astronomy. It marked the first direct...
Scientists compared dinosaurs to mammals for decades but missed this key difference
Baby dinosaurs weren’t coddled like lion cubs or elephant calves—they were more like prehistoric latchkey kids. New research suggests that young dinosaurs quickly struck out on their own, forming kid-only groups and surviving without much parental help, while their massive parents lived entirely different lives. Because juveniles and adults ate different foods, faced different predators, and moved through different parts of the landscape, they may have functioned almost like separate species within the same ecosystem.
Houston Texans Running Back Update
According to NFL reporter Aaron Wilson, the Houston Texans are expected to enter the high-tier running back market in free agency. Star running back Joe Mixon missed the entirety of last season with an undisclosed injury, and his status for next year remains very much up in the air. There has been speculation that Houston […]
The Balloon Museum Takes All 54K SF at Seaport’s Tin Building
The Balloon Museum is taking over the entire Tin Building in Lower Manhattan's Seaport District.
10 Must Try Strategy Games Demos For The Steam Next Fest 2026
The first major Steam Next Fest of 2026 has begun, and there are nearly 4000 games for you to try! Yes, you read that right, 4000 game demos available, which should be enough to keep oneself busy for an entire lifetime. Since there's no way one person can try all of them, I have curated a special list of 10 must-try strategy game demos that I personally think are worth your time and attention.
"I Will Never Financially Recover From This": 29 People Who Woke Up One Morning And Watched Their Entire Lives Slowly Spiral Out Of Control
That, my friends, is not an ideal situation.
Brother Martin senior with meniscus tear makes sliding save that cliches title-game berth
Brother Martin defender Mateo Tuzzato has played the entire soccer season with a brace on his right knee because of a preseason meniscus tear that will require surgery.
There’s Only One Electron in the Entire Universe—And It Defies Time, Controversial Theory Suggests
Could this reveal the true nature of reality?
Why ‘iPhone Fold’ can revive the foldable that even Google Pixel couldn’t make work [Gallery]
Foldables opened the door to a whole new world of smartphones just a few years ago, but somehow the entire...
Abby Schnable: Though outside the spotlight, some of Pitt's other sports teams shine bright
If your entire view of Pitt athletics centers on Saturdays in the fall and weeknights in the winter, it probably feels like everything is on fire. The...
A Chemical Spill Poisoned an Entire Town. Dogs Are Showing Scientists the Fallout.
Scientists are still trying to understand the extent of the damage, and the shorter lifespan of canines can expedite our understanding of these chemicals’ health impacts.
She built a career in Japan and says one thing is non-negotiable
Lauren Rose Kocher never worked full-time in the US, so her understanding of corporate culture was formed almost entirely in Japan.
Political committee expected to support Charlie Crist for St. Pete Mayor surpasses $1M raised
The committee raised more in one night than Mayor Ken Welch raised in an entire quarter, according to its officials.
L.A. business owners slam city after entire block of stores flooded: ‘No one was doing anything’
A string of stores in the Fairfax District of Los Angeles were damaged by flooding during Monday’s torrential downpours, and business owners say this is a reoccurring issue that the city fails to f…
Ilia Malinin admits he was not 'ready to handle' Olympic pressure
Malinin entered the 2026 Winter Games under an intense spotlight. He was heavily expected to win a gold medal but a shocking performance left him off the podium entirely.
Private equity activity ‘steady’ in 2025, with a dozen-plus deals in diagnostic imaging
The Private Equity Stakeholder Project estimates there were 1,029 such transactions across the entire healthcare sector last year.
Mysterious RNA led scientists to a hidden layer of cancer
A mysterious RNA found in breast cancer led scientists to uncover an entire hidden class of cancer-specific RNAs across dozens of tumor types. These molecules form unique molecular signatures that identify cancer type and subtype with remarkable accuracy. Some even drive tumor growth and metastasis. Because many are released into the bloodstream, a simple blood test can track how patients respond to treatment and predict survival.
Vaccine Makers Curtail Research and Cut Jobs
Federal policies under Robert F. Kennedy Jr. that are hostile to vaccines have “sent a chill through the entire industry,” one scientist said.
Lufthansa Unblocks New Business-Class Seats on Boeing 787 Model
Deutsche Lufthansa AG said most of the Allegris business-class seats on its new Boeing Co. 787 aircraft are now available for booking, ending months of having to cordon off almost the entire premium section because of delayed certification.
Scientists confirm one-dimensional electron behavior in phosphorus chains
For the first time, researchers have shown that self-assembled phosphorus chains can host genuinely one-dimensional electron behavior. Using advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques, they separated the signals from chains aligned in different directions to reveal their true nature. The findings suggest that squeezing the chains closer together could trigger a dramatic shift from semiconductor to metal. That means simply adjusting density could unlock entirely new electronic states.
Paris says 'oui' to booming business of romantic proposals
STORY: This Texan couple have been dating for one year.And Josue Perales wanted extra special celebrations with his girlfriend Kayla Balboa. On a candlelit terrace, overlooking the Eiffel Tower, she says "yes".Balboa had always wanted a Paris proposal. "She's always been mentioning how...""This is my dream place.""This is her dream... well, here we are."To make sure every detail was perfect, Perales employed the help of a local marriage proposal planning agency.And he's not the only one.Paris is seeing a surge in demand for elaborate marriage proposals like this one.Thanks to social media, TV shows and events showcasing the "City of Love", the entire industry catering to love-struck couples willing to pay thousands for unforgettable moments is booming.Les Entremetteuses, or "The Matchmakers", helped Perales get his "yes".Founder Pauline Le Tendre says Valentine's Day is her "busiest day of the year."But she says she's busy all year round - after demand started growing in 2019, with a brief lull during the pandemic."Once the borders reopened, it steadily increased. After that, there were a couple of boosts with (the TV show) 'Emily in Paris,' the Paris Olympics also. We had a lot of work after the Games."The company's proposal packages start at 590 euros, or just under $700, for a proposal on the Seine river banks.The average spend can go up to $2,400 - with some clients spending more for extras, like performers.:: Kiss Me in Paris/Artem Martynov & Anastasia KalynaFor those wanting to splurge even more, Kiss Me in Paris has them covered.The agency says its clients typically spend an average of about $12,000 on their experiences - or as much as some $118,000.:: Kiss Me in Paris/Tuan Nguyen FilmsLuxurious proposals are choreographed in high-end hotels, aboard yachts on the Seine, or in authentic French chateaux."To just be able to, in your social circles, say, 'We got engaged in Paris,' is great, right? It has prestige, it has cachet." That's Cengiz Ozelsel, who co-founded Kiss Me in Paris with his wife Chantelle Marie Streete.They say bookings have more than doubled since 2015.While the more budget-friendly Oui Love Paris agency told Reuters, its bookings have quadrupled since 2020.For many planners, though, the payoff is more than just numbers."I absolutely love it because... people are inviting you into their lives at one of the most special times in their lives."
Columbia protester alleges 'inhumane' conditions in ICE detention
She said she was hospitalized for three days and shackled the entire time.
Opinion: For a meaningful retirement, stay engaged by substitute teaching
Retirement sounds perfect — no meetings, no deadlines, no office politics. I first tried it at 65. That was a decade ago. I failed — repeatedly.Short-term projects were too interesting to pass up. And while my breaks between assignments were relaxing, I wasn’t ready to disengage entirely. I enjoyed the freedom retirement offered, yet I still craved structure, purpose, and a sense of contribution.Now I’ve found an option that comes surprisingly close to the best of both worlds: substitute teaching.
New Steam Hit Made Back Its Entire 7 Year Budget In Just 3 Hours
Also: who's ready to watch a live-action remake of Frozen inside Fortnite?
Mewgenics earns back entire 7 year development budget just 3 hours after launch
Mewgenics launched on Steam after a 14-year journey and surged to the top as a long-running indie legend finally paid off.
Legendary comedian reveals emotional conversation that changed his entire career
The comedy icon opens up about his 40+ year journey ahead of his NJPAC show on Feb. 28, including how he conquered his biggest fear.
Scientists were wrong for decades about DNA knots
Scientists have discovered that DNA behaves in a surprising way when squeezed through tiny nanopores, overturning a long-held assumption in genetics research. What researchers once thought were knots causing messy electrical signals turn out to be something else entirely: twisted coils called plectonemes, formed as flowing ions inside the pore spin the DNA like a phone cord. These twists can linger and grow as DNA moves through, leaving clear electrical fingerprints.
How a Southern lifestyle brand from Baton Rouge now sells more than a million pieces a year
"The first time we sourced from Asia," he explained, "we had to throw away the entire product because we had no clue what we were doing."
Milwaukee Bucks sign former Brooklyn Nets guard Cam Thomas
Cam Thomas has signed with Milwaukee after getting waived by the Brooklyn Nets, the Bucks announced on Sunday. The 24-year-old guard had spent his entire career with the Nets, who selected him out of LSU with the 27th overall pick in the 2021 draft. Thomas averaged 15.6 points, 3.1 assists, 1.8 rebounds and 24.3 minutes in 24 games with Brooklyn this season.
Louisville Takes Down Syracuse 84-65
Louisville must’ve watched the tape from the Duke game Thursday night and thought “oh hey coming out high energy and smothering the other team is a great way to start the game let’s try that!” The Cards literally held Syracuse scoreless from the field for the entire first quarter and went into the 2nd up […]
New-look Bulls to focus on defense vs. confident Nets
Less than a month after the Chicago Bulls and Brooklyn Nets clashed in consecutive games, the teams will meet again Monday with the Bulls sporting an entirely different look.
Lindsey Vonn "In Stable Condition" After Shocking Olympics 2026 Crash
After Lindsey Vonn was airlifted off the slopes following a heart stopping crash at the Olympics Feb. 8, her team shared an update on her health.
Physicists solve a quantum mystery that stumped scientists for decades
Physicists at Heidelberg University have developed a new theory that finally unites two long-standing and seemingly incompatible views of how exotic particles behave inside quantum matter. In some cases, an impurity moves through a sea of particles and forms a quasiparticle known as a Fermi polaron; in others, an extremely heavy impurity freezes in place and disrupts the entire system, destroying quasiparticles altogether. The new framework shows these are not opposing realities after all, revealing how even very heavy particles can make tiny movements that allow quasiparticles to emerge.
Not-so-American football: the Super Bowl's overseas stars
The Super Bowl may be as American as apple pie, but a surprising number of this year's stars hail from overseas.That international expansion was also a key motivation behind the selection of this year's Super Bowl performer Bad Bunny, who is expected to provide the first half-time show sung entirely in Spanish. amz/bb
What’s Coming In Rivian Software 2026.03
Rivian’s 2026.03 software update brings smarter cold weather range visibility, expanded performance features like Launch mode and broader Sport mode availability, improved Kneel Mode usability, and smoother visuals powered by Unreal Engine 5.5 across both Gen 1 and Gen 2 R1 vehicles. Add in the new Apple Watch app and a long list of stability and driver assist refinements, and this is a well rounded update that quietly improves the entire ownership experience.
The Middle East’s Politics Come to NYC
Snow uncleared, garbage piling up? Mamdani’s remedy is to take a page out of the Middle Eastern playbook he’s spent his entire adult life admiring.
This is Disappointing Qi2 Magnet News for Galaxy S26 Ultra
Leading up to today, the general consensus was that the entire Galaxy S26 lineup would feature built-in magnets, bringing the devices in line with those from competitors like... #GalaxyS26Ultra #Qi2
Aqua-Tots Swim School Named a 2026 Top Franchise by Franchise Business Review
Independent Franchisee Survey Confirms Strong Satisfaction with Support, Leadership and Overall Performance Aqua-Tots Named a 2026 Top Franchise by Franchise Business Review Aqua-Tots ranks number one in Recreational and number fourteen in the Top Large Franchises, according to the 2026 Top Franchise list. Mesa, Arizona, Feb. 05, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Aqua-Tots Swim School has been named a 2026 Top Franchise by Franchise Business Review, an honor based entirely on feedback from the people who
Texas A&M remains 100% healthy before facing Alabama on Wednesday
Texas A&M, outside of forward Mackenzie Mgbako, is entirely healthy before facing Alabama, while the Crimson Tide are also in good shape.
Fitbit’s founders launch a new platform for monitoring your entire family’s health
Luffu tracks health data like medications, diets, and sleep and provides AI-powered alerts for potential health issues.
Musheinesh: Trump ignores the devastating toll tariffs have on Michigan businesses
No person — not even the President of the United States — has the unilateral power to slap taxes on the entire nation whenever they feel like it.
Scientists are hunting for a forbidden antimatter transformation
MACE is a next-generation experiment designed to catch muonium transforming into its antimatter twin, a process that would rewrite the rules of particle physics. The last search for this effect ended more than two decades ago, and MACE plans to leap far beyond it using cutting-edge beams, targets, and detectors. A discovery would point to entirely new forces or particles operating at extreme energy scales.
NFL mock draft 2026: AI predicts the entire first round
USA TODAY Sports had Microsoft Copilot AI predict the entire first round of the 2026 NFL Draft. The experiment yielded a surprise omission.
Lily Collins Shares Rare Pics With Dad Phil Collins Amid His Health Journey
After Phil Collins shared a rare update on his health journey, including his experience with kidney damage, his daughter Lily Collins paid him a sweet birthday tribute.
Apple Changes How You Order a Mac
Apple recently updated its online store with a new ordering process for Macs, including the MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, iMac, Mac mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro. There used to be a handful of standard configurations available for each Mac, but now you must configure a Mac entirely from scratch on a feature-by-feature basis. In other words, ordering a new Mac now works much like ordering an iPad. This change was spotted by Macworld and the French blog Consomac, among others.
Albino or Leucistic? The Science Behind America’s “White Raccoons”
Imagine that you’re taking an evening stroll in the woods. All of a sudden, you spot a flash of color and two glowing eyes. The furry animal looks like a raccoon, but its all-white fur says otherwise. There’s no black fur and the bandit mask is missing entirely; only snow-white hair. What you’ve just observed
An AI Toy Exposed 50,000 Logs of Its Chats With Kids to Anyone With a Gmail Account
AI chat toy company Bondu left its web console almost entirely unprotected. Researchers who accessed it found nearly all the conversations children had had with the company's stuffed animals.
The Nex Playground is everything Xbox Kinect wanted to be
The Nex Playground brings motion-tracked games to the entire family. Consider it the best of the Xbox Kinect in a tiny box.
Where Eagles' pending free agents rank on NFL-wide lists
The Eagles have some big-name free agents this year. Here’s a look at where they rank among the entire NFL.
Investment and Statecraft: The International Politics of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
In 1953, Kuwait established the world’s first sovereign wealth fund to invest the country’s oil revenues and generate returns that would reduce its reliance on a single resource. Since then, over 100 separate funds have been created to preserve national wealth and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. Today, they manage over $10 trillion in global assets. In this discussion with GJIA, political economist Kathryn Lavelle explains the increasingly novel dynamics that surround fund behavior and what the world can come to expect from their growing presence in international financial markets. GJIA: When it comes to the roles sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) play in global markets and politics, what would you say makes them unique? Kathryn Lavelle: Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) operate on behalf of governments as investors. That in itself is a strange relationship. Within them, a core contest takes place between the state’s interests (or sovereign) part of the dynamic, and the money interests (or wealth) part of it, and these two aspects are frequently in contradiction, serving fundamentally different goals. SWFs are also quite fascinating because when you talk to the people who manage these funds, they have an interest in convincing you that the decisions are made almost exclusively on a financial basis—they really will go to great lengths to differentiate their government owners and those who make the management decisions. At the same time, these people ultimately answer to someone in power. Therefore, for most SWFs, it remains deeply unclear who is actually making the investment decisions and for what purposes. Of course, it is not always clear how other vehicles, such as hedge funds and private equity make the decisions they do, but I think what a lot of people find particularly disconcerting about SWFs is that they seem to act on behalf of people who have a different identity from their own. People who could be trying to manipulate politics and markets in a way that would have a long-term effect on their own populations. Regular investors come and go at will, and they only share an interest in profit as far as most of us understand. However, SWFs have that extra “sovereign” part right behind them that obscures their true interest. GJIA: These funds can be found in countries all across the globe, in both authoritarian states and democracies. Would you say SWFs differ in their goals and structures between regime-type? KL: It is not necessarily regime type that makes the goals and structures of SWFs different. It has to do with their economies. Let’s look at a country like China. There’s going to be a debate about exactly how to characterize the regime, but it is a country with many different kinds of sovereign wealth funds, and a particularly opaque state connection to each. At one time, some of the state-owned Chinese oil companies created specialized investment vehicles listed outside Chinese markets that excluded parts of the firms that were more associated with human rights violations. At the same time, the China Investment Corporation (CIC)—China’s largest SWF—draws a lot of concern, not necessarily because of its investment activities, but because of the dynamics of global politics. So, I wouldn’t really tie differences to regime types themselves in a wholesale way, but rather to how such funds are perceived and how they are structured. Saudi Arabia’s SWF is getting all kinds of attention for its involvement in Hollywood, and this takes me right back to when I was a student in the 1980s, when people were concerned about Japanese investment entities buying assets in Hollywood. They aren’t quite the same in financial terms, but it’s the same kind of concern about foreign investment that drives people to be suspicious, and the whole idea that “foreigners are influencing Hollywood.” This holds true across industries, and it reflects where politics are in places like the United States right now. One metric we can try to look at is transparency, where all the funds will tell you, “we are transparent.” The problem you’ll keep running into with this approach is how you value things. When trying to do comparative studies of equity markets, you’ll find that every country doesn’t use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles like we do in the United States. A fund may appear opaque politically and not want people to show what they’re invested in or what their intent with that investment is, but they could also just not be able to report it because of the way it was purchased, or the kinds of shares they purchased. There are some assets out there that really are difficult to put a monetary value on. GJIA: To what extent do domestic politics shape SWF behavior in both the investing “home” country and the recipient “host” country? KL: This depends on the type of fund present and also on the extent to which voters’ political views are able to influence the fund. For example, in a democratic home state like Norway, the SWF doesn’t invest in nuclear weapons or tobacco because of social concerns, but there is a continuing debate over whether it should invest in oil, even though that’s where most of the money comes from. The degree to which Norway will continue to make those investments, and whether they contradict the government’s overall climate goals, is an open question in Norwegian politics. Because of the way the fund’s governance is structured, it may not be easy to resolve. On the other hand, some people consider pension funds, like the State Teachers Retirement System (STRS) in Ohio, to be quasi-SWF. They have a very strict separation between the people who make up the management division and the fund owners. No teacher or professor would want to invest in things that may harm the future of their students. At the same time, a fund manager might see an opportunity in a diversified multinational corporation that offers a good return, despite it deriving part of its revenue from e-cigarettes. These contests are very apparent. Domestic politics can work in host countries too. A good example is Singapore’s SWF, Temasek, investing in Thailand’s telecommunications sector. If you study political economy, you already know that countries everywhere are uncomfortable with foreign ownership of their telecom sectors because a foreign entity could monitor or manipulate our communications with each other. In the case of Temasek, there was significant pushback from Thai citizens surrounding the deal, which went on to influence national political sentiment toward Singapore as a whole, underscoring the risks some SWFs may face with their investment choices. In this case, fund behavior led to the dissolution of the entire Thai government in 2006 and a subsequent coup d’état. GJIA: To address some of this unease, the Santiago Principles were established in 2009 to ostensibly promote trust and transparency. From your perspective, have these mechanisms actually changed fund behavior? KL: In international relations theory, we always like to have a clear set of norms and best practices—the orientation we want the proverbial ship to be going in. In that regard, the Santiago Principles at least got the discussion going about which direction SWFs should take at a time when people were very skittish about the growing size of these funds. Nobody wanted them to be out there and potentially destabilizing economies, so talks about disclosure, conditions for withdrawal, and the independence of managers were helpful when initiated. The biggest stumbling block was that there wasn’t exactly a good way to measure compliance with the Principles, let alone how to hold funds to them. If you read the Principles, they’re overall quite vague. In general, a fund doesn’t want to reveal how and why they make certain investment decisions because that information is proprietary—a fund makes money off of how and why it makes decisions—so how do you reconcile that with loosely-defined ideas of openness? Some decisions might have a political purpose. The bottom line is that trying to figure out and assign a score to compliance is not easy, and it is therefore the reason why the Santiago Principles never really got off the ground to the point where they could truly direct fund behavior. GJIA: Many emerging markets are looking to build their own SWFs from mineral and oil revenues. Historically, have funds shaped development trajectories in these countries? KL: I think the big story in international emerging markets investment is that the investment is increasingly no longer unidirectional. In the past multinational corporations of primarily Western background were the main form of foreign direct investment in a country. That has changed dramatically, to the point where you have companies from so-called “developing countries” taking over companies in the United States. Therefore, the landscape of international investment has changed, and I think SWFs are certainly a possibility to be the next step in the game. Historically, you didn’t need an entire financial vehicle to reinvest commodity revenues in your country, but as emerging markets get more financially sophisticated, their capacity to operate such funds has increased. SWFs would allow treasuries to move from relying on holding foreign exchange assets like cash or government bonds to having broader financial markets and targeted growth areas, while easing pressure on welfare expenditures. GJIA: With their increasing financial weight, do you see the presence of SWFs being a factor in the political choices leaders will have to make with regard to domestic and foreign policy? KL: It will depend on just how big the funds get. One of the reasons people are already apprehensive is because of their scale, and if certain SWFs in certain countries achieve a large-enough size, the presence will absolutely be cause for concern. The other factor political leaders will have to consider are their objectives. It’s not always clear how to define a SWF, or even where its activity is concentrated, but it is certainly a worry from the perspective of national security of opaque external investment. More than that, I think one of the most interesting questions going forward is whether the United States, the home to the world’s largest financial markets, will develop its own fund, for which the Trump administration announced a plan. There have also been several proposals in Congress. Were it to come into being, it would have tremendous weight. At the same time, one of the hallmarks of U.S. capitalism is a lack of government ownership of shares, so it would not be clear how such a fund would be received in domestic politics, or which direction it would take. Given how politically fragmented the country is, a Democratic administration would likely be concerned about different sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, and want investment there, rather than a Republican administration, which might prefer defense industries. No investment vehicle could thrive under conditions of such instability. Moreover, it remains unclear where the money to fund a theoretical U.S. SWF would come from. It would be a fundamentally different entity depending on whether it is financed with debt, economic surplus, commodities, or the sale of state companies, as in the case of Singapore. If it is debt, or government borrowing of some form, then the fund would have to outperform whatever the cost of that debt is, which is not an easy thing to do. I think our political leaders have enough on their plate. Our system has worked well keeping political and investment functions generally separate. We have seen different forms of business rise and fall, and even the perception of different countries, all of which funds are tied to. Unless a major SWF either starts—like in the case of the United States—or collapses—an issue that concerns the Saudis, I don’t see any political tsunamis on the horizon. . . . Kathryn Lavelle is the Ellen and Dixon Long Professor of World Affairs at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Her research explores the exchange between domestic and international and political institutions with a particular emphasis on political economy and multilateralism. Dr. Lavelle’s first book, The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets, explored the political circumstances that surround large issues of stock in the developing world. After being granted tenure at Case Western, she was awarded an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship and named the William A. Steiger fellow, a designation given to the most promising political scientist in her class of fellows. While in Washington during 2006-2007, she worked on the staff of the House Committee on Financial Services on issues related to domestic and international monetary policy. Dr. Lavelle holds a PhD in political science from Northwestern University; an M.A. in government and foreign affairs from the University of Virginia; and a bachelor’s degree in international economics from Georgetown University. She is a permanent member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and length. Interview conducted by Sid Mehrotra. Image Credit: Jason Leung, Unsplash Content Licenses, via Unsplash
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