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New Apple Upgrade Program Lets You Lease an iPhone, Mac, iPad, Apple Watch
Apple is rolling out this 'Buy Now, Pay Later' program in partnership with Klarna.
MCP just got its biggest update ever — here’s what changes for AI agents
The Model Context Protocol’s biggest update yet makes MCP stateless, strengthens security and governance, and positions AI agents for large-scale enterprise deployment across cloud and Kubernetes environments.
Hugging Face is being used to easily undress women and children
Did we learn nothing from Grok?
Microsoft Says New Cybersecurity AI Model Helps MDASH Hit 95.95% at Half the Cost
Microsoft launches MAI-Cyber-1-Flash inside MDASH, routing up to 90% of tasks to the model while GPT-5.4 handles the hardest 10%.
Jimmy Smith: Entertainment value
Amusement Park Entertainment’s Chairman, CEO and Chief Creative Officer discusses cultural storytelling, fearless ideas and why advertising must earn people’s attention.
National Survey on Drug Use, Mental Health
RDML. Christopher Jones, SAMHSA Acting Director, joins the show to talk about the recent SAMHSA survey.
Update Now: iOS 26.6 and macOS Tahoe 26.6 Patch Hundreds of Security Flaws
Apple today released iOS 26.6, iPadOS 26.6, and macOS Tahoe 26.6, all of which have a long list of security fixes. iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6 address almost 90 security vulnerabilities affecting everything from the App Store to the Neural Engine. Multiple kernel and WebKit vulnerabilities were fixed, along with problems affecting Wi-Fi, Siri, and the iPhone's image processing. Details on all of the fixes can be found in Apple's security support document.
Sporting KC Weekly Schedule: July 27
Sporting Kansas City II News: The official source for all SKC II news, photos, videos, highlights, and more.
RB Leipzig enquire about Dahmen to replace Villarreal-linked Gulácsi
RB Leipzig are exploring the market for a goalkeeper with long-serving shot-stopper Péter Gulácsi set to join Villarreal this summer. Kicker reported FC Augsburg’s Finn Dahmen was among their list...
Vote Vol Navy as best college tradition by USA TODAY Sports readers
Vote Tennessee's Vol Navy as the best college sports tradition by USA TODAY Sports readers.
Vote. Republic's top 2026 Arizona high school flag football centers
Who are the best centers heading into the 2026 Arizona high school flag football season? Vote in our poll.
The Bear’s Den, July 26, 2026
The Chicago Bears rookies and quarterbacks are in camp, veterans arrive tomorrow
Opinion: Expanded rail service can be Michigan’s next economic engine
A Michigan Central-Ann Arbor segment of rail service doesn’t need another study, and it’s too important to wait for federal action. The state should take the lead and fund this work.
Opinion: Programs to help ease caregivers’ burden can be a lifeline
The success of programs like Kinship Support isn’t measured only by the number of families served; it’s measured by children who remain connected to the people who love them most.
Former Arizona wing Dalen Terry waived by 76ers
Turns out only one ex-Wildcat will get to be part of LeBron James’ latest NBA chapter. Former Arizona wing Dalen Terry was waived by the Philadelphia 76ers on Sunday, two days after news broke the Sixers were signing James to a 2-year, $8 million contract. The 24-year-old Terry appeared in 21 games for Philadelphia, technically […]
“The Odyssey” remains unchallenged as it sails to box office victory with $639 million global tally
Meanwhile, “Toy Story 5” just became the third $1 billion movie of the year.
Kansas State Hoping Jaden Schutt's Experience Leads To More Wins
Kansas State Wildcats guard Jaden Schutt is finishing his career in Manhattan after stops at Virginia Tech and Duke
Lions Free Agent Addition Receives Fantasy Sleeper Status
Isaiah Pacheco was a major disappointment for the Kansas City Chiefs last year. However, he is expected to bounce back and have a strong season in 2026 with the Detroit Lions. The loss of David Montgomery should propel Pacheco into flex territory in fantasy football, according to Kristopher Knox of Bleacher Report.“Pacheco will get a […] The post Lions Free Agent Addition Receives Fantasy Sleeper Status appeared first on HEAVY.
Stanford lecturer says red light therapy has real science behind it — but not every device works
Red light therapy has become a fixture on social media, with influencers claiming it can improve skin, reduce pain and speed recovery. Rachele Pojednic, faculty at Stanford University and chief science officer at Restore Hyper Wellness, said the science behind it is more solid than many people assume.
Red Light Therapy - social media fad or real science?
Red light therapy has become a fixture on social media, with influencers claiming it can improve skin, reduce pain and speed recovery. Rachele Pojednic, faculty at Stanford University and chief science officer at Restore Hyper Wellness, said the science behind it is more solid than many people assume.
Med Center health offering class for soon to be big siblings
Med Center health has a new resource for soon-to-be big siblings.
Men's Mental Health Month
Mike Kategaya, founder and CEO of The Mental Health Hub For Men, joins Fox 5's Maureen Umeh to discuss the stigma associated with men's mental health, and how to move forward.
TV and streaming viewing picks for July 26, 2026: How to watch Yankees-Phillies
All Times Eastern Baseball Banana Ball World Tour Game 3, Wrigley Field, Chicago, IL Savannah Bananas vs. Firefighters — ESPN/ESPN Unlimited/Disney+, 4 p.m. Basketball Big3 Week 6, Toyota Center, Houston, TX DMV Trilogy vs. Miami 305/Houston Rig Hands vs. Dallas Power — CBS, 1 p.m. The Basketball Tournament Quarterfinals Alumni Semifinal, Memorial Coliseum, University of…
Jackery FridgeGuard review: Keep your refrigerator cooling during an outage
Rest easy the fridge will keep cooling during the next power outage with zero effort on your part.
Phillies host the Yankees on home losing streak
New York Yankees (59-45, second in the AL East) vs. Philadelphia Phillies (56-49, second in the NL East) Philadelphia; Sunday, 7:20 p.m. EDT PITCHING PROBABLES: Yankees: Will Warren (7-4, 4.00 ERA, 1.37 WHIP, 97 strikeouts); Phillies: Cristopher Sanchez (12-4, 2.65 ERA, 1.19 WHIP, 151 strikeouts) LINE: Phillies -175, Yankees +143; over/under is 8 runs BOTTOM LINE: The Philadelphia Phillies aim to end their four-game home losing streak with a victory over the New York Yankees. Philadelphia has a 27-27 record at home and a 56-49 record overall.
College Park business sees backlash after Rick Jackson visit
Metro Atlanta business owners are responding to online backlash after hosting visits from Republican gubernatorial candidate Rick Jackson.
Reds try to prolong win streak, play the Cardinals
Cincinnati Reds (48-54, fifth in the NL Central) vs. St. Louis Cardinals (52-51, fourth in the NL Central) St. Louis; Saturday, 7:15 p.m. EDT PITCHING PROBABLES: Reds: Hunter Greene (2-1, 6.06 ERA, 1.16 WHIP, 26 strikeouts); Cardinals: Andre Pallante (10-6, 4.02 ERA, 1.26 WHIP, 75 strikeouts) LINE: Cardinals -150, Reds +122; over/under is 8 runs BOTTOM LINE: The Cincinnati Reds are looking to keep their three-game win streak alive when they visit the St. Louis Cardinals. St. Louis has a 26-28 record in home games and a 52-51 record overall.
Jim Cramer Discussed A Surprise For International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE:IBM) CEO
International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE:IBM) is another stock that Jim Cramer has continued to stick by, even though the shares have struggled. For more than a year, the CNBC TV host has repeatedly praised the firm for its software business and its quantum computing business. International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE:IBM)’s shares are down by 26% […]
John Cusack makes rare comment about why he pivoted away from film career
The star of “High Fidelity” and “Say Anything” was promoting his new graphic novel that required “no committee.”
Valladares joins bipartisan coalition aiming to protect entertainment industry jobs
News release State Sen. Suzette Martinez Valladares, R-Acton, joined 38 of her legislative colleagues in sending a letter to Gov. Gavin Newsom, Senate President Pro Tempore Monique Limón, and Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas, urging them to protect […]
Player Availability Report: #LAFCvSKC
Player Availability Report is SportingKC.com’s look at the latest status updates around the team ahead of upcoming matches and is presented by Saint Luke’s. All details listed are from the league’s official Player Status Report that is submitted the day prior to the match. Sporting Kansas City has a quick
When is 'Mother Mary' streaming? How to watch the A24 horror at home.
Stream one of our favorite movies of 2026 (so far) at home.
WCG Dynasty Fantasy Football: Assessing Bill Zimmerman’s Roster
As we continue to analyze rosters in the WCG Dynasty Fantasy Football League, today we examine the roster of Bill Zimmerman.
One prediction for training camp, inside linebackers edition
How much confidence do you have in the Cowboys linebackers?
Entertainment headlines with TMZ
Bender talks with TMZ producer Eric Wilson about entertainment headlines and celebrity news.
Top entertainment headlines with Studio 13 Live
Bender dives into the top entertainment headlines for Friday, July 24, beginning with Chris Brown pleading guilty to a fight in a London nightclub, KJ Apa opening up about his road to sobriety, the announcement of the "Hollywood Walk of Fame Class of 2027" and more.
#paramount #streaming #entertainment
Paramount Skydance isn't waiting around for its planned merger with Warner Bros. Discovery to bolster its flagship streaming service. Paramount's streaming leaders have told employees that they're planning major upgrades to Paramount+ in the coming weeks. An internal presentation, which was unveiled during a streaming town hall this week and viewed by Business Insider, shows "Product Priority Highlights" for Paramount's streaming business this quarter. These initiatives are part of Paramount CEO David Ellison's plan to improve the tech of a 114-year-old media company that trails Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney in streaming subscribers. Buying WBD would help Paramount catch up quickly and give it over 200 million streaming customers, the company has said. Read more about Paramount’s streaming projects on Business Insider: https://lnkd.in/eKfn9wyH (Credit: Getty Images) #paramount #streaming #entertainment
On The Horizon: Cubs vs. Pirates series preview
The Cubs visit PNC Park.
Shemaroo Entertainment Ltd (BOM:538685) Q1 2027 Earnings Call Highlights: Navigating Challenges ...
Shemaroo Entertainment Ltd (BOM:538685) reports significant EBITDA improvement despite revenue decline, focusing on digital growth and operational efficiencies.
German Fest is back; three days of authentic food and entertainment
German Fest is back this weekend with three days of authentic food, entertainment, and a vibrant community atmosphere. Brian Kramp is on the grounds seeing why it’s grown to be one of the biggest German festivals in the U.S. over the past 45 years.
NIH Renews Prestigious Training Grant for NC State Ph.D. Students Preparing to Lead Complex Research Teams
The National Institutes of Health has approved a $2.5 million grant for the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine to continue the work of its Comparative Molecular Medicine Training Program, which awards fellowships to Ph.D. students in NC State University’s Comparative Medicine Institute. Since NIH first funded the program in 2021, more than 20 students…
Jalen Brunson eyeing $300 million max extension next summer?
Jalen Brunson eyeing $300 million max extension next summer?
Knives are out for Vance in the GOP. His allies say it’s a coordinated ‘op.’
The vice president has faced a barrage of attacks recently that are unusual for their intensity and how early in the political calendar they are taking place.
Pennsylvania Sportswatch Daily Listings
NBCS PHL, YES, MLB.TV Chicago at Pittsburgh — Marquee, SportsNet Pittsburgh, MLB.TV MLS: Seattle Sounders vs. Philadelphia Union — Apple TV The Associated Press created this story using technology provided by Data Skrive TV listings provided by LiveSportsOnTV.
Top pick Fernando Mendoza reports to Raiders camp, signs contract
Fernando Mendoza and the Raiders agreed to terms on the quarterback’s rookie contract, the team announced Thursday. Here are the details.
Studio 13 Live entertainment headlines with Jodi and Bender from Mornings on 95.7 The Jet
Studio 13 Live host Mireya Garcia talks with Jodi and Bender from Mornings on 95.7 The Jet about all things entertainment—from a "13 Going on 30" reboot, to talks of a Snoop Dogg biopic, they discuss all the top entertainment headlines.
Photo gallery: King’s College hosts Health Science Summer Camp
King’s College hosted its 3rd annual Health Science Summer Camp this week.
OpenAI is making big claims as it rolls out ChatGPT Health to everyone
Now everyone can connect their medical records to ChatGPT.
Montgomery County police investigating 4 burglaries at Bethesda businesses
Montgomery County police are investigating four burglaries that left Bethesda businesses cleaning up after overnight break ins.
Oakland pop-up restaurant owner pauses business after home break-in, sexual assault of 16-year-old son
Oakland police are searching for a suspect following a terrifying Monday morning break-in that ended in the sexual assault of a 16-year-old boy.
Nine-Year-Old RefluXFS Linux Flaw Gives Local Users Root on Default RHEL Installs
CVE-2026-64600 lets local users overwrite root-owned files on reflink-enabled XFS systems, preserving metadata and persistent root access after reboot
Pair of Bucs Selected to 'NFL All-Backup Team'
New free-agent acquisitions Kenneth Gainwell and Al-Quadin Muhammad earn national recognition for providing the crucial roster depth necessary to spark Tampa Bay’s return to the postseason.
Macquarie investors back 'safe' insider CEO pick to keep bank on course
Australia's top investment bank Macquarie Group has appointed long-time insider Greg Ward to succeed CEO Shemara Wikramanayake, a choice investors said represented a "safe pair of hands" and confidence in the bank's current direction.
A closer look at Mamdani’s small-business agenda
The New York mayor wants every business owner to have a sherpa to navigate regulations.
Ashland daycare owner arrested, business closed over abuse charges
An Ashland daycare owner has been charged with seven counts of child abuse for allegedly mistreating children under her care.
Anaheim’s newest district, OCVibe, is cultivating community through art, entertainment
OCVibe plans to debut more than 70 original artworks as part of a long-term commitment to champion publicly accessible art in the Anaheim district and recently unveiled its plan for a public art program that is expected to include one of…
Toyota’s New MR2 May Have Just Been Caught Testing For The First Time
Grainy phone footage from Japan may be the closest look yet at the car meant to bring MR2 back with AWD and plenty of power
Hackers Exploit Windmill Flaw to Read Arbitrary Server Files Without Authentication
VulnCheck says attackers are exploiting Windmill CVE-2026-29059 to read server files, with about 170 vulnerable systems exposed in 24 countries.
CVS is now filling pet prescriptions at its 9,000 pharmacies nationwide
The pharmacy chain will dispense select medications for dogs and cats, including antibiotics, insulin, and flea and tick treatments
New York Yankees news: Max Fried returns, gets start Wednesday
Fried to skip final rehab start; Boone walks back Stanton comments; Domínguez talks trade rumors; Schlittler Cy fave
Walking Off into the Wildcard! Dbacks 6, A’s 5
The Arizona Diamondbacks were able to even the series with the Athletics Tuesday night thanks to a heroic walkoff from the veteran Ildemaro Vargas and a solid major league debut from Kohl Drake. Kohl Drake gave the Dbacks 5 much needed solid innings tonight for his major league debut. Overall his stuff was just ok, […]
Player Availability Report: #SKCvMIN
Player Availability Report is SportingKC.com’s look at the latest status updates around the team ahead of upcoming matches and is presented by Saint Luke’s. All details listed are from the league’s official Player Status Report that is submitted the day prior to the match. Sporting Kansas City returns home for
Critical wp2shell WordPress flaws exploited to install webshells
Hackers are exploiting the "wp2shell" critical vulnerability suite (CVE-2026-63030 and CVE-2026-60137) affecting WordPress Core to deploy persistent webshells and install malicious plugins on affected servers.
Christal Jordan joins with entertainment headlines
Ed Harris has been disappointed with his role on Dutton Ranch, and ESPN may have major layoffs coming
Critical SharePoint RCE CVE-2026-50522 Under Active Exploitation After Public PoC
watchTowr reports active exploitation of SharePoint CVE-2026-50522 after a public PoC, with attackers stealing machine keys for persistence.
Pet medications now available at CVS Pharmacy®
Pet owners can now fill eligible pet prescriptions at CVS Pharmacy locations nationwide, with convenient options including refills, prescription management and delivery.
J.J. McCarthy Receives Strong Take Amid Vikings QB Competition
The Minnesota Vikings will use a QB competition between J.J. McCarthy and Kyler Murray to determine their starter for the 2026 NFL season. Nonetheless, even with the competition ongoing, many expect Murray to emerge victorious.Murray is looking to show that he’s still a starting QB despite the Arizona Cardinals cutting ties with him this offseason. […] The post J.J. McCarthy Receives Strong Take Amid Vikings QB Competition appeared first on HEAVY.
Two deer cause thousands in damages at Peachtree City businesses
A wild morning unfolded in Peachtree City on Monday when two deer crashed through the windows of two separate businesses simultaneously.
Here are the 30,000 songs Sony is suing Udio’s AI music generator over
Sony claims Udio “copied and ingested” its music.
Wildfires impacting businesses in northern Minnesota
Many businesses near the gunflint trail remain open regardless of wildfires. Golden Eagle Lodge is one of them. Owner of the resort Ruth Wagner joins All Day to talk about how they are open for business and safe from the fires.
Dem Faces Revolt Over McConnell Health Standoff
Andy Beshear is taking the heat for not being more aggressive in getting tangible answers on Mitch McConnell’s health.
Mz. Shyneka has the latest in entertainment headlines
Drake loses a ton of money after a World Cup bet. Plus, was Cardi B on a date with a soccer player?
Sporting KC Weekly Schedule: July 20-25, 2026
Sporting Kansas City II News: The official source for all SKC II news, photos, videos, highlights, and more.
Shaky political "science": breakdown of the peer review process
[This article is the latest in our “Shaky Political Science” series. In our 38 page report, “Shaky political ‘science’ misses mark on ranked choice voting,” released in December 2025, we examined over 40 studies focused on ranked choice voting (RCV). Many of these studies suffered from puzzling research methodologies, poorly constructed surveys, unrealistic simulated elections, cherry picked data and faulty analyses that often were contradicted by results from real-world elections (a link to our full paper is here). Here are links to the first four articles in our series: the first one summarizing the overall results of our report; the second one analyzed a study co-authored by University of Minnesota academic Larry Jacobs, which was one of the most error-prone of all the research we reviewed in our report; a third article showing an admirable example of two political scientists holding two other political scientists accountable for their flawed, sloppy research; and a fourth article that analyzed seven studies sponsored by New America’s political reform program that deployed flawed methodology based on “simulated” elections instead of real-world elections, which when combined with some basic misunderstandings of RCV, produced odd and misleading results]. In this fifth article in our “Shaky Political Science” series, we examine two flawed studies on the impact of RCV on voter turnout authored by San Francisco State University professor Jason McDaniel. McDaniel’s research in these two papers stands out for its puzzling methodology, inadequate and cherry-picked data, and faulty analyses that not only misunderstands ranked choice voting but reflects a basic misunderstanding of politics in general. The first of the McDaniel studies actually passed through a peer review process and then was subsequently published by the Journal of Urban Affairs, despite its obvious errors. It is perplexing that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the errors and send it back to McDaniel for a rewrite or outright rejection. This calls into question the credibility of the peer review process itself. The peer review process is supposed to represent the intellectual pinnacle of the profession – a way for academics to certify the quality of each other’s work, and to act as a check against sloppy research. In the case of the McDaniel study, the peer review process failed. Yet his flawed study has been cited dozens of times by other political scientists in their own flawed works — an unvirtuous circle of academic research. Here is the first Jason McDaniel study that we analyzed: “Writing the Rules to Rank the Candidates: Examining the Impact of Instant-Runoff Voting on Racial Group Turnout in San Francisco Mayoral Elections,” by Jason McDaniel, 2016, Journal of Urban Affairs. This study covered San Francisco’s use of ranked choice voting (RCV) in mayoral elections, purporting to show that RCV reduces voter turnout overall, increases voter errors, and has a negative impact on “marginal populations,” i.e. racial minorities, mainly as the result of the alleged complexity of RCV asking voters to rank candidates and having to be familiar with multiple candidates and related dynamics. McDaniel reached these conclusions by examining five San Francisco mayoral elections taking place in odd years (i.e. where there are no federal or state races on the ballot) from 1995 to 2011, comparing three earlier non-RCV races (in 1995, 1999 and 2003) with the later two RCV races (in 2007 and 2011). Only two RCV races were studied, and as McDaniel acknowledged, only the contest in 2011 was “competitive” (that contest in 2007 was the first mayoral election using RCV, and incumbent mayor Gavin Newsom won easily in the first round of counting, earning 74% of first choices and far ahead of the second place candidate who had just 6.3% of first choices). Yet even the allegedly competitive contest in 2011was won by an incumbent with a landslide margin of nearly 20 points. No other elections were studied by McDaniel, even though San Francisco elects 17 other offices besides mayor with RCV, including the 11 seats on the Board of Supervisors (the name for the city council) in even years, and six other citywide offices in odd years. Previous academic research has found that competitive elections can stimulate greater voter involvement and higher turnout. For unexplained reasons, this study ignored at least 34 other RCV races between the years 2004 to 2011, many of which were very competitive and had high voter turnout. Instead, McDaniel’s analysis based its conclusions on data from only a single, marginally-competitive mayor’s race using RCV. These 2007 and 2011 mayoral elections were the only two RCV elections that McDaniel used as the sole basis for his small data set to determine the impact of RCV on voter turnout. Despite having no meaningful data to inform his study, McDaniel nonetheless concluded that RCV lowered turnout when compared to the previous three mayoral non-RCV elections using two-round runoffs. Then, using the same inadequate database of San Francisco elections, McDaniel also found that “Instant-runoff voting is associated with a significant decline in Black voter turnout and White voter turnout…On average, Black voter turnout decreases by 18 points and White voter turnout decreases by 16 points …” But how could he credibly arrive at that conclusion when his study was based on voter turnout in two RCV contests that were not even remotely competitive? Beyond that, McDaniel tacitly admits that the key determining factor driving Black voter turnout was not RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable Black candidate. McDaniel wrote, “Black voter turnout was about 17 percentage points higher for the two elections that featured an African American candidate compared to the three elections that did not” — but one of those three elections did not use RCV. The same dynamic was present for White voter turnout, in which higher turnout was not correlated with RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable White candidate. Beyond that, McDaniel’s voter turnout results, whether correlated with the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections, showed no clear patterns. In his Figure 1, he shows low Asian voter turnout in the non-RCV elections in 1999 and 2003 when there was no viable Asian candidate running, but in the 2007 mayoral election using RCV, there is still no viable Asian candidate, yet Asian turnout increases dramatically. For Latinos, voter turnout is virtually the same in 1999 (no viable Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2003 (leading Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2007 (no viable Latino candidate, RCV elections) and 2011 (leading Latino candidate, RCV elections). Meanwhile White voter turnout increased dramatically from a low in the 2007 mayoral election, in which the leading candidate was a white incumbent, to the 2011 election in which there were no leading white candidates that finished any higher than sixth place with 5.6% of the vote. Clearly other factors were determining voter turnout than either the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections. Despite these inconsistent findings, McDaniel boldly marches forth to render conclusions about the impact of RCV on different groups of racial voters, even though his conclusions are not remotely supported by his data. This looks like the worst kind of “data cherry picking” to cover up a puzzling conclusion based on a poor data set involving only two RCV elections, neither of which were remotely competitive. McDaniel’s cherry picking didn’t stop there. In calculating voter turnout for the three non-RCV mayoral elections in 1995, 1999 and 2003, he failed to mention that in each of these years there was a two-round runoff election, with a first round election in November in which no candidate garnered a winning majority of the vote, followed by the decisive runoff in December. So there were two non-RCV elections in each election year. But McDaniel only decided to include one of the two elections in his data set, apparently the December runoff in each year (which had higher turnout in two out of the three mayor’s races, and lower turnout in the third). So he ignored the November 1995 election, the November 1999 election when turnout was only 45 percent, and the November 2003 election when turnout was only 45.7 percent. This is flawed methodology based on blatant cherry picking, since McDaniel simply omitted three elections worth of data that did not fit within his frame. His study should never have made it through a peer review process, and it is an embarrassment to political science that not only was it approved for publication, but it has been uncritically cited by dozens of other political scientists. Share A “study” without wider context or credible data Lacking a data set that included even a single competitive RCV mayoral race, McDaniel declared that RCV lowered voter turnout in 2011, when turnout was 42.5 percent. But he also ignored -- or did not realize -- that voter turnout in mayoral elections during 2011 had sharply declined in all big cities, including far more steeply in nearby Los Angeles and other cities. In fact, San Francisco’s election in 2011 had the second highest turnout of any mayoral election in the nation’s 22 largest cities from 2008-2011. Was 2011 just a particularly low turnout year all across the country, perhaps because the country was still reeling from the aftermath of the housing market collapse in 2008-2010? McDaniel ignored this factor and did not search for alternative explanations beyond his flawed thesis. Furthermore, while McDaniel suggested that RCV leads to more “overvotes” – which is an invalidated ballot in which a voter, in either a non-RCV or RCV race, makes a mistake and selects two candidates for a single choice – he failed to address that in the June 2012 US Senate primary contest, which used the typical “one-choice” plurality method and did not use RCV, there was more than five times as many overvotes in San Francisco and Oakland than in the RCV mayoral elections in those cities. Additionally, turnout had been significantly higher and more representative in RCV elections for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors races -- that McDaniel didn’t even bother to study -- as compared to previous “delayed two-round runoffs” for those offices, often higher by as much as 40% in the RCV races. Perhaps the most surprising irony was that an earlier study co-authored by McDaniel (Overvoting and the Equality of Voice under Instant-Runoff Voting in San Francisco by Francis Neely and Jason McDaniel, 2015, California Journal of Politics and Policy) found that overvotes are often more common in lower-income precincts, but that the pattern of overvoting is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. Wrote Neely and McDaniel: “[Overvote] errors appear to be a function of complexity in general and not IRV per se…. the pattern of overvoting is similar in both IRV and non-IRV contests…Even among votes cast in a top-of-the-ticket race like U.S. Senate, overvoting occurs in an uneven fashion” (IRV, or ‘instant runoff voting,’ is another name for ranked choice voting in single-winner contests). So McDaniel not only contradicted his own conclusion in his earlier study with Neely, but the earlier study had been an important corrective for one of the most frequently made mistakes made by anti-RCV political scientists – a continual failure to provide crucial context by pairing a comparative analysis of real world RCV elections with an analysis of real world plurality or other electoral methods. Unfortunately McDaniel’s earlier study does not get cited much by other researchers, and McDaniel did not even cite it in his own flawed study analyzed above. Incredibly, McDaniel cherrypicked McDaniel, even as his flawed study has been cited dozens of times. Despite being a textbook example of poor political “science,” featuring both inadequate as well as cherrypicked data, the shelf life of McDaniel’s study has been extended endlessly by other political scientists and media outlets who have cited it uncritically. Equally troubling, the Journal of Urban Affairs put this paper through its peer review process and published it despite its numerous flaws. McDaniel gets it wrong, Part II Not content with producing one shoddy, confused paper, McDaniel produced another one a few years later, here is the link: Electoral Rules and Voter Turnout in Mayoral Elections: An Analysis of Ranked-Choice Voting by Jason McDaniel. San Francisco State Univ. (McDaniel, 2019). In this paper, McDaniel extended his previous flawed research focused on San Francisco, about voter turnout and voter impact, to multiple RCV cities through the 2018 elections. In his data set he included San Francisco, Minneapolis, St Paul, Oakland, Berkeley, San Leandro and Santa Fe. He then compared their turnout in mayoral elections to non-RCV cities, and to mayoral elections in those cities held before first RCV usage, and concluded “a significant decrease in voter turnout of approximately 3–5 percentage points in RCV cities after the implementation of RCV.” But he replicated many of the same mistakes as his first study presented above. While in this study McDaniel attempted to distinguish between various factors, such as odd year vs. even year elections, competitive races vs. noncompetitive, contests with open seats and other factors, the analysis is superficial and inadequate. He attempts to incorporate so many often-conflicting variables that his conclusions are once again unsupported by the actual data, and ultimately unconvincing (this second study never underwent a peer review process). For example, McDaniel declared that for RCV cities “in elections that are more competitive than average (margin of victory less than 20%), there is no significant RCV effect on voter turnout.” Yet McDaniel is a professor in a city, San Francisco, in which the 2018 special election using RCV to fill a mayoral vacancy was exceedingly close, decided by a margin of only one percentage point, and resulted in the second highest turnout in San Francisco history for a mayoral election. Illustrating the complexity involved in assessing the critical factors in turnout, that special election was held on the same election day as federal and state offices, which tends to boost turnout. Yet more voters participated in that RCV mayoral election than voted on the same day in the non-RCV primary for governor in which former San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom was running. Even more puzzling, in this study McDaniel inaccurately cited his own previous study from 2015 with Neely. McDaniel wrote, “Neely and McDaniel (2015) examine individual ballot image files within a natural experiment, and find higher rates of ballot errors in RCV elections compared to non-RCV elections” (emphasis added). However, we quoted from that 2015 study several paragraphs above, and in actual fact Neely and McDaniel actually concluded the opposite -- that the pattern of overvoting – which is the most common form of ballot error – is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. McDaniel also ignored the fact that in Bay Area RCV elections held in even years – at the same time as federal and state elections, when turnout is highest -- the “undervote” (that is, the dropoff in ballots cast for governor or mayor) has declined, which contradicts his thesis that the act of ranking ballots in RCV elections is too complex and presents a barrier for certain demographics of voters. To his credit, McDaniel actually acknowledged another contradiction in his own paper, which found a negative RCV turnout effect in some odd-year elections but not others, admitting that “may present a challenge to the theory that increased complexity [from RCV] will have a marginal negative effect on voter turnout.” But he tried to wallpaper over that contradiction by blaming it on an unlikely source -- bad election administration. McDaniels wrote, “This would suggest that the negative impact of RCV on voter participation may be alleviated by high quality election administration,” without presenting any data or even anecdotes to support such an unfounded theory. While competent election administration of any election, whether RCV or non-RCV, is crucially important, there is no credible research that supports the far-fetched notion that the quality of election administration has much of an impact on voter turnout in US elections, whether using RCV or otherwise. Upgrade to a $5 subscription The unvirtuous circle of academic research It is puzzling how McDaniel’s first study could have survived the peer review process for the Journal of Urban Affairs. The mistakes in McDaniel’s first study above should have been obvious to anyone with a basic understanding of ranked choice voting as well as elections in general, and elections in San Francisco specifically. It undermines faith in the credibility of the peer review process to think that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the egregious errors and reject McDaniel’s sloppy research and paper. And it remains a black mark on political science that this thoroughly discredited study has been cited dozens of times by other researchers. Indeed, in our research paper it became apparent that many political scientists cite each other’s flawed research to pad their list of citations and to legitimize their own flawed research, creating an unvirtuous circle of political science. More broadly, McDaniel’s voter turnout studies, like other studies evaluating RCV’s impact on turnout, lacked a recognition that no credible opinion or research can claim that RCV increases voter turnout merely because so many voters are excited to vote for their favorite candidates instead of “lesser evil” candidates without worrying about spoilers. Instead, with respect to turnout, the advantage of RCV has always been that, in most places where it has been used, it has eliminated a pre-November primary or post-November runoff, which usually saw about half the turnout of the November general election. This is especially true during even years when there are state and federal elections on the ballot which substantially drive turnout more than local contests. Any study that does not adequately account for this non-November primary/runoff vs November general election dynamic, or odd year vs even year election factors, is simply not credible. Both of McDaniel’s studies largely failed on those grounds. Steven Hill and Paul Haughey Share Upgrade to a $5 subscription Thanks for reading DemocracySOS…your digital portal for the pro-democracy movement. Subscribe for only $5 per month to receive full benefits and to support our work. Subscribe
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