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NYT Spelling Bee Answers for September 21, 2026
Feeling stuck on today’s puzzle? We can help.
Money Troubles Come To An End For 3 Zodiac Signs On Tuesday, September 22
Money troubles come to an end for three zodiac signs on September 22, 2026, during Chiron retrograde. They are: Cancer, Leo, and Capricorn.
Banqup and Post Business Solutions partner to revolutionize digital financial workflows for Austrian businesses
LA HULPE, BELGIUM – 21 September 2026, 7:00 a.m. CEST – Banqup Group SA (Euronext: BANQ) (Banqup, Company), a European fintech provider that simplifies financial flows through an innovative secured platform for e-invoicing, e-payment, e-reporting and e-trust solutions with built-in compliance at its core, announces a new meaningful collaboration with Post Business Solutions, an Austrian based leader in innovative digital and physical business process solutions. The new partnership marks a signif
Jack Perkins' Adjustments By the Numbers
A's right-hander Jack Perkins is thriving as the season winds down. After talking with him about his approach to the final month early in September, we take a look at how that approach has worked by the numbers.
Alan Ritchson’s 2nd 2026 Box Office Flop Continues To Crash Amid Reacher Success
Alan Ritchson is riding high on streaming, but the big screen is telling a different story. His action-thriller has managed just $13.1 million worldwide since opening on September 11. It is the second...
6 Ways to Manage Your Healthcare Costs
Rent. Groceries. Utilities. A car payment. Most households know what these expenses cost each month and plan for them accordingly. Healthcare is different. Unlike a fixed monthly bill, healthcare costs can vary from month to month. One month may include only a routine checkup. The next could bring a specialist visit, a new prescription, or an unexpected trip to urgent care.
Moon phase today explained: What the Moon will look like on September 21, 2026
The Moon is getting more illuminated each night.
High School Teacher Discovers First-Ever Adult T. Rex Trackway While Fossil Hunting In US
Hups, a teacher at Northglenn High School, also became a co-author of the study published in the Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology.
Science Snapshots: September 20, 2026
Explore groundbreaking discoveries on North Korea's nuclear impact, amoebic evolution, and the health benefits of regular exercise.
Siri AI Settlement Website Now Live: Apple to Pay Some iPhone Owners
In May, Apple agreed to pay $250 million to settle a U.S. class action lawsuit over Siri AI's delayed launch, and the settlement website is now live. Apple will pay an estimated $25 per eligible iPhone to eligible customers, who can submit a claim via the settlement website between September 21 and December 21 of this year. The exact payment may be higher or lower than $25 depending on the total number of valid claims submitted and other factors, with the maximum amount set at $95.
Using drag, Beatrice L. Thomas shares her reproductive health experiences
AmaZing Theatre presents her laugh-out-loud solo performance ‘Black Benatar vs. The Cistem’ once only on September 26 at 3 PM.
Mental Health Awareness MOnth
Gibson County Health Department Administrator Juli Ellsworth (center, holding microphone), welcomes participants to Thursday's second annual mental health awareness walk through downtown Princeton. September is Mental Health Awareness Month.
Vandalia Health to celebrate grand opening of Mon Harrison Neighborhood Hospital September 22
Vandalia Health will celebrate the grand opening of Mon Harrison Neighborhood Hospital in Bridgeport on September 22. The 11 a.m. ceremony will feature a ribbon cutting, refreshments and facility tours.
Is Elevance Health (ELV) Fairly Valued On Its Conference Outlook Reassurance?
Elevance Health (ELV) used its appearance at the Wells Fargo 21st Annual Healthcare Conference on 10 September 2026 to reinforce its earnings outlook and cost discipline, keeping the recent valuation conversation very much alive. Recent trading has been mildly soft, with the share price down 0.8% on the day and 1.9% over the past week. Even so, Elevance Health still carries a 16.0% year to date share price return and a 33.6% 1 year total shareholder return, indicating that momentum has cooled...
Europe faces Q4 jet fuel supply deficit even as South Korea becomes latest big supplier
Europe faces a fourth-quarter jet fuel deficit, even as it turns to far-flung suppliers including South Korea, which is set to boost its jet exports to Europe to a four-year high in September, according to analysts and shipping data.
CHOMEX Expands Commercial Focus as Demand Grows for Portable Office Buildings and Mobile Workspaces
United States, September 20, 2026 -- Commercial deployments across Arizona, Texas, Colorado, Nevada and California drive increased focus on por...
Happy birthday, Kerim!
Kerim Alajbegovic is celebrating his first birthday in black and white. Today, Monday 21 September 2026, he turns 19 years old.The young Bosnian talent, who arrived in Turin this summer, has made a to...
Norwegian PM Signing Ceremony on Parliament Hill
A signing ceremony is held on Parliament Hill in Ottawa between Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre and Prime Minister Mark Carney. (no interpretation) (September 20, 2026)
Jersey Mike’s (JMKE) Owns the Sub Business. Winning Over Younger Diners is the Next Fight
On September 1, 2026, the Wall Street Journal reported that Jersey Mike’s Subs Inc. (NYSE:JMKE), a Blackstone-backed sandwich chain that went public in July, has built a dominant position with affluent, older customers but still needs to attract Generation Z to sustain its growth, since roughly 70% of its customers skew toward older, more established […]
HCA Healthcare (HCA) Acquires a Healthcare College. Can Training Capacity Improve Staffing?
HCA Healthcare, Inc. (NYSE:HCA) announced on September 15 that it had completed its acquisition of The College of Health Care Professions. The institution serves more than 8,000 students annually through 10 Texas campuses and online programs, offering more than 20 accredited healthcare programs. For HCA Healthcare, Inc. (NYSE:HCA), the opportunity is to connect education more […]
Brookfield Business (BBUC) Joins Reliance Deal. What Returns Can it Capture?
Brookfield Business Corporation (NYSE:BBUC) will participate in Brookfield’s proposed acquisition of Reliance Worldwide Corporation, announced September 15. The transaction values the plumbing-products manufacturer at approximately US$2.8 billion in enterprise value, excluding lease liabilities. The investment group plans to acquire 100% ownership. Funding will come through the Brookfield Capital Partners strategy and Brookfield Business Corporation (NYSE:BBUC). […]
BYU Moves into AP Top 10 After Colorado State Win
After a 41-23 road win over Colorado State, BYU moved up 2 spost to 9 in the latest AP Poll released Sunday. This is the first time BYU has been ranked in the top 10 of the AP Poll in September since 2009. It’s also the third straight season BYU has been ranked in the […]
Ebola outbreak update: Cases and deaths; Dungu health zone, Haut-Uélé province now affected
A total of 73 new confirmed cases of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) were reported on September 18, 2026, including 25 community deaths. Of these confirmed cases, 46 were from Ituri province, 18 from North Kivu, 6 from Haut-Uélé, and 3 from Tshopo. A new health zone, Dungu, in Haut-Uélé province, was affected during the day. As this zone borders South Sudan, strengthening cross-border surveillance is necessary. During the day on September 18, 2026, 12 deaths within Ebola Treatment Centers (ETCs)—10 in Ituri and 2 in North Kivu—were unfortunately recorded, bringing the total number of deaths for the day to 37. However, 41 patients were declared recovered (30 in Ituri, 6 in Haut-Uélé, 3 in North Kivu, and 2 in Tshopo) after testing negative for EVD twice. Since the start of the epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a cumulative total of 7,614 confirmed cases, including 3,676 deaths, has been recorded, representing a case fatality rate of 48.3%. The epicenter remains Ituri province, which accounts for 77.2% of the confirmed cases reported across the seven affected provinces and also accounts for 63.0% of the new confirmed cases. A new health zone was affected on September 18, 2026. Consequently, 63 out of 167 health zones (37.7%) across 7 provinces are affected. Subscribe to Outbreak News TV on YouTube Response measures feature 97% traveler screening at entry points, surveillance expansion to new area Dungu, and community outreach sensitizing over 110,000 people in one day. The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s health system faces deep, structural constraints that predate the current Ebola outbreak and make epidemic response far harder. These problems are most acute in rural areas and the conflict-affected east. Outbreak News Today is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe Eastern provinces have seen health facilities damaged, looted, or abandoned. Insecurity delays patients, blocks supply deliveries, and exposes staff to attacks. Millions of displaced people live in camps with poor water, sanitation, and health services, increasing outbreak risk. Vast distances and poor roads mean many people walk hours or days to reach care. These same weaknesses explain why Ebola has continued to spread into new, under-prepared health zones even as some original hotspots show improvement: surveillance, laboratory turnaround, contact tracing, and infection control remain thin outside the best-supported sites. The Ministry of Health and partners have scaled up treatment centres, laboratories, and vaccination in the current outbreak, and some digital surveillance systems (DHIS2) provide a useful backbone. However, the underlying gaps in staffing, basic infrastructure, reliable funding, and logistics have not been closed. Without sustained investment in those foundations, the system will remain vulnerable to both routine disease burden and the next large outbreak. If you like the reporting on Outbreak News Today, please consider a paid subscription for $5/month or $30 a year. Help support the cause of this niche journalism. It is appreciated.
Business Agenda for September 20
Events for the tri-county area business community.
Matthew Mcconaughey’s New Comedy Show & More Apple TV Releases This Week
Apple TV‘s new TV and movie releases for the week of September 21-27 include Brothers‘ premiere, Ted Lasso Season 4’s upcoming episodes, and more. Brothers is a comedy series that chronicles the ficti...
Local specialists connect state resources, local partners, behavioral-health expertise to prevention efforts throughout Sweetwater County
SWEETWATER COUNTY -- September is Suicide Prevention Month, but for Southwest Counseling Service Prevention Specialist Jayda Gatley, the conversation doesn't begin when the calendar turns to September.
Bournemouth 0-1 Liverpool: What Iraola said
Liverpool have kept three consecutive clean sheets in the Premier League for the first time since September 2024 (four in a row). In five games this season (four goals), Liverpool's Alexander Isak has already surpassed his Premier League goal tally for the entirety of last season in the competition (three goals in 14 apps).
Quentin Tarantino’s Blockbuster Comedy & More Prime Video Releases This Week
Amazon Prime Video’s new TV and movie releases for the week of September 21-27, 2026, include Once Upon a Time…in Hollywood. Written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, Once Upon a Time…in Hollywood is...
2026’s 2nd Biggest Horror Movie & More HBO Max Releases This Week
The new movie and TV releases coming to HBO Max from September 21-27, 2026, include Backrooms and more. Directed and co-scored by Kane Parsons, Backrooms is a psychological horror film. It follows Cla...
What’s happening in Las Vegas this fall
Las Vegas entertainment event listings for September, October, November
Guardians News: One More Game Against the Athletics
News and Notes for Sunday, September 20th, 2026
Detroit Free Press on Instagram: "Two teams from the Savannah Bananas traveling baseball tour came to Comerica Park for a pair of games on Sept. 18-19. Rivals the high-energy Party Animals and the stunt-performing Firefighters, brought their brand of baseball entertainment to Comerica Park on Friday and Saturday, turning America's pastime into a mix of sports, comedy, dancing and crowd interaction. Check the link in our bio for more. 📷 by Kimberly P. Mitchell @kpmitchellphoto, Detroit Free Press #detroit #michigan #comericapark #entertainment #bananaball @thefirefighters @thepartyanimals #baseball"
17 likes, 0 comments - detroitfreepress on September 20, 2026: "Two teams from the Savannah Bananas traveling baseball tour came to Comerica Park for a pair of games on Sept. 18-19. Rivals the high-energy Party Animals and the stunt-performing Firefighters, brought their brand of baseball entertainment to Comerica Park on Friday and Saturday, turning America's pastime into a mix of sports, comedy, dancing and crowd interaction. Check the link in our bio for more. 📷 by Kimberly P. Mitchell @kpmitchellphoto, Detroit Free Press #detroit #michigan #comericapark #entertainment #bananaball @thefirefighters @thepartyanimals #baseball".
Celtic suffer derby defeat at home
Scottish PremiershipSunday, September 20, 2026Celtic Park, GlasgowCELTIC…ORANGERS…1(Naderi 33)Celtic suffered a 1-0 defeat at home to Rangers for their first Premiership loss of the season and bri...
Ed Sheeran Found New Band to ‘Stand on Stage With Me' After Controversy
Ed Sheeran performed with a new backing band during his Saturday, September 19, concert after his previous team left the Loop Tour in solidarity with Macklemore's controversial departure.
Open Thread, September 20, 2026: Two Truths and a Lie
Your daily source for off topic chatter with the MMA Mania faithful.
This Week in Purple: Here for the fall
Colorado Rockies news and links for Sunday, September 20th, 2026
Orlando Science Center opens renovated theater
A lot is happening at the Orlando Science Center. The organization recently reopened the Dome and hosted a series of sold-out laser shows this summer. A new exhibit called “Extreme Sports: Beyond Human Limits” opens in late September, showing visitors what it’s like to rock climb and use a flight suit. To top it off,
World Organization for Science Literacy
The World Organization for Science Literacy was officially launched in Beijing on September 20, with 32 founding institutions from 21 countries.
Famitsu review scores - September 20, 2026 - Fire Emblem: Fortune's Weave, more
The latest Famitsu review scores for the week of September 20, 2026 are as follows: Fire Emblem: Fortune’s Weave – 9/9/9/9 Marvel’s Wolverine – 9/9/9/9 Silent Hill: Townfall – 8/8/9/8 Derby Stallion 2 – 8/8/8/8 Sullyland Nursery Rhyme – 8/8/8/8 Gobble – 7/7/7/7 Patlabor the Case Files – 7/7/7/6 Solarpunk – 7/7/6/6 Note that for each review, four editors gave...
Squad List
The Men's First Team return to Serie A action with a Matchday 5 clash against Atalanta at the Allianz Stadium.Kick-off is scheduled for 18:00 CEST on September 20. The Bianconeri come into the match o...
Lee Health must resolve UnitedHealthcare dispute
Letters to the editor for Sunday, September 20, 2026
UFC 331 Bonuses Revealed After Violent Event
Following Saturday’s UFC 331 event, the promotion revealed who won the post-fight bonuses following a violent card. UFC 331 took place on Saturday, September 19, at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles, California. Below are all the bonus winners for the latest UFC event. Fight of the Night ($100,000 to each fighter): Joshua Van vs. Alexandre […] The post UFC 331 Bonuses Revealed After Violent Event appeared first on HEAVY.
Thompson Health Hosting Job Fair in Canandaigua
Thompson Health, Ontario County's largest employer, holds a job fair September 30 in Canandaigua. Learn about openings and interview on-site for positions.
Finger Lakes Health Celebrates Latest CNA Program Graduates
Finger Lakes Health celebrates 11 new CNA program graduates. These certified nursing assistants will provide vital care at facilities in Geneva, Penn Yan...
Schools rugby looks in fine fettle
THE appetite to watch good schools rugby is alive and well judging by the 2,000-strong crowd that watched Bedford School play Rugby School at Goldington Road on September 4. The Midlands derby, which was a Friday evening fixture played under floodlights at the home of Champ stalwarts Bedford Blues, showed that the heart of community […] The post Schools rugby looks in fine fettle appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
China keeps benchmark lending rates unchanged for 16th month in September
China kept its benchmark lending rates unchanged for the 16th straight month on Sunday, in line with market expectations.
Steam Frame Gets First SteamOS Update With Substantially Faster Charging
Valve has released SteamOS 0.3.0 for the Steam Frame, the headset's first system update since it launched on September 14. The changelog lists "substantially faster charging while unit is off / sleeping," which addresses a complaint that came up repeatedly in early reviews. The Verge tested the...
Dodgers on Deck: Sunday, September 20 vs. Giants
The Dodgers conclude their penultimate home series of the regular season, taking on the San Francisco Giants on Sunday afternoon at Dodger Stadium. After dropping four of their first five games to the Giants this season, the Dodgers have beaten their longtime rivals three games in a row through Friday night, all in Los Angeles. […]
Butterfly Pavilion Scientists Complete Final Survey of Northwest Parkway Pollinator Corridor
Scientists from Butterfly Pavilion completed the second and final field survey on Monday along the Northwest Parkway’s southern right-of-way.
Photos: Cincinnati Bearcats host Miami RedHawks at TQL Stadium
Cincinnati Bearcats host Miami RedHawks at TQL Stadium in Cincinnati on Saturday, September 19, 2026.
Giants Prospect Continues Hot Stretch
Bo Davidson has carried his breakout from August into September for the San Francisco Giants.
Hennepin County sheriff's office lacks records to start small business grant fraud investigation
After Hennepin County staff reported apparent fraudulent applications for a small business recovery grant fund, they asked the sheriff's office to investigate in June, KSTP reports.In July the Hennepin County Sheriff's Office requested the documents they needed to open the investigation, but as of mid-September, those documents haven't been shared yet.
Nintendo has issued new batch of Switch 1 backwards compatibility fixes for Switch 2
Nintendo has now released new Switch 1 backwards compatibility fixes for Switch 2, and here's the full list.
San Siro 100: the special
19 September 1926 to 19 September 2026. One hundred years of San Siro, one hundred years of history that have impacted both the city of Milano and world football. Inaugurated by a 6-3 derby win for In...
Ed Sheeran's PA Concert Undergoes Major Change Amid Macklemore Controversy
Ed Sheeran's Saturday, September 19, Loop Tour concert in Philadelphia will feature a major change as the singer continues to face backlash.
Yankees Send Aaron Judge Back to the Injured List
The New York Yankees will once again be without their captain and reigning American League MVP, Aaron Judge. The team announced on Saturday morning that the 34-year-old will hit the 10-day injured list (retroactive to September 17th) due to a right calf strain. Judge only appeared in seven games after returning from a fractured rib …
Primary Health Network highlights gun lock program, suicide prevention efforts
(WJET/WFXP) — A regional healthcare provider is reminding the community of its suicide-prevention resources. In recognition of Suicide Prevention Awareness Month in September, Primary Health Networ…
The September 11 cancer wave ahead
After the collapse came the dust. It billowed across Lower Manhattan in the wake of the 2001 World Trade Center terror attacks, turning people into ghosts as they trudged to safety.
TST Best Bets: September 19, 2026
Lane Kiffin’s return to Oxford was always going to be loud. After leaving Ole Miss for LSU last season, he’ll walk back into Vaught-Hemingway Stadium on Saturday as the coach of one of the Rebels’ biggest rivals. With both teams ranked in the top 10, there’s plenty at stake beyond the reception Kiffin gets.Earlier in the day, No. 16 SMU visits No. 23 Louisville in a ranked ACC matchup. The Mustangs have opened 2-0, while the Cardinals have a chance to make an early statement at home after a 1-1
Guardians News: When Detroit Wins, Cleveland Wins
News and Notes for Saturday, September 19th, 2026
Political cartoons for September 19
Saturday's political cartoons include blaming Biden, the center of attraction, and more
Bar Harbor Parents Again Raise Concerns About How Some Science Education In Sixth Grade.
The Bar Harbor Story is generously sponsored by Restaurant Barn. BAR HARBOR—Parents again raised concerns this week about how Bar Harbor students receive science instruction after fifth grade, months after the same issue came before the Bar Harbor School Board. The concern centers on a past scheduling change at Conners Emerson School that gives fifth graders a full year of science rather than switching between science and social studies at midyear. Principal Dr. Heather Weir Webster told the board that the school has been monitoring test scores, teacher feedback, and the experience of students as it considers whether the current approach is working. If it is not, the approach may be changed, but that would not likely occur this school year. In fifth and sixth grade, the school used to have one semester of social studies and one of science in each year. That schedule shifted because switching at midyear often broke up the learning units. So, approximately two-three years ago, they decided to shift that a bit. Science became a dedicated focus in fifth grade. Social studies was the dedicated focus in sixth grade. The school staff members are hoping to dive deeply into the data and see if the students are having a more quality experience throughout their time in those grades when it comes to science and social studies. If not, things could shift again. This year, Dr. Webster said at the September meeting, potential changes to curricula have been a bit complicated by moving into the school’s new building in late October and early November. “There have been no changes this year because it’s hard enough to handle the move. That allows them to have consistency,” Dr. Webster said. Dr. Webster said that after the Covid pandemic which prevented students from attending school in person, many fifth graders were struggling. “We tried several different configurations,” she said, including a co-teaching model to help with that struggle, but to also see how to best schedule and support those students. “We found that a January switch” where classes switched from social studies to science was really difficult. Part of the decision making stemmed from science being more hands-on and accessible to fifth graders. Social studies was a bit more abstract content, which was why the school tried the current configuration. In a letter submitted as public comment, parent Beth Dumont wrote, “In May 2026, I wrote to express my concern that our middle school students are not receiving consistent instruction in science and social studies. I appreciate that the Board took this concern seriously and requested a presentation from Principal Webster. I am also grateful for the opportunity to meet with Principal Webster and Julie Keblinsky in July to learn more about the current curriculum and scheduling. “During that meeting, I learned that the current model is intended to integrate science and social studies into other subjects during the years or semesters when they are not offered as standalone courses. “While I appreciate the intent behind this model, I remain concerned about its premise. Science and social studies are core academic disciplines that provide students with essential knowledge, skills, and ways of thinking. Yet under the current schedule, students are not guaranteed consistent instructional time in these subjects. Instead, exposure to content in these disciplines may depend on whether opportunities for integration arise within other classes. “To be clear, I strongly support interdisciplinary learning. Integrating science and social studies across the curriculum can enrich students’ educational experiences and help them make meaningful connections across subject areas. My concern is not with integration itself, but with relying on integration as a substitute for dedicated instruction in core disciplines.” Dr. Webster said that they’ve been monitoring test scores, talking to teachers, seeing how the pilot program works. It’s in its third year now of this schedule. One science teacher, she said, told her he’d seen positive outcomes with full year science and that there was a stronger classroom community. Another science teacher had concerns over the readiness last year, but she isn’t feeling that way about this year’s current class. A third teacher for social studies said he loves the full year. A fourth teacher of social studies hasn’t said that anything has changed. For the three fathers who spoke at the school committee meeting, the fractured science curriculum caused concerns. One father said that when he spoke to others, “all were surprised and confused as to why there was no dedicated, continuous science education,” at the school. Though students are testing well in science and math, he worried that without continuity in education, learning is lost. “We shouldn’t have to choose between key learning disciplines,” he said. Matthew Bergin, another father, agreed, adding, “I’m just a little concerned.” In her letter, Dumont wrote, “As the parent of a recent sixth grader who completed an entire year without a dedicated science course, I saw very little evidence that this integration was occurring in a consistent, systematic, or readily identifiable way. This is not a criticism of our middle school teachers, who have been uniformly excellent. Rather, it is a structural criticism of the current schedule.” Dr. Webster gave an update about all aspects of the schedule and how it’s created and she also spoke to social and emotional learning (SEL) in middle school. It’s explicitly taught but also embedded. Science is embedded as well and explicitly taught at all but that one grade. The school schedule is built from lunch out, then electives like art and physical education are placed, before going into the instruction time, teacher planning time, multi-tier support systems (MTSS), and then social and emotional learning. Teachers have to have 250 minutes a week of planning time per their contracts. That’s the minimum and occurs when their students are at specials. “The schedule is really not the purview of the board,” School Board Chair Marie Yarborough reminded the other board members and the public and thanked Dr. Webster for the presentation. The parents were also thanked for coming. LINK TO LEARN MORE [ ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) [ Despite Strong Rankings, Some Bar Harbor Parents Raise Concerns About School's Science Education ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) Carrie Jones · Jun 4 [ Read full story ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) HELP SUPPORT THE BAR HARBOR STORY When we started The Bar Harbor Story, we didn’t know if anyone would read it. But you showed up. You shared. You sent tips. Now—over 400,000 views every month later—it’s clear: people here care about their community and each other. We’ve kept everything free because news should never be out of reach, but every one of our stories takes time to write, and your support keeps The Bar Harbor Story going. If you value our work, please consider a paid subscription, a founding membership, or a sponsorship. It truly helps us cover one more meeting, tell one more story, shine one more light. Even $5 a month makes a difference. Click here to become a one-time supporter now. Thank you so much for being here. Founding member information can be found here. Have questions about sponsorships? Just send Shaun an email at sfarrar86@gmail.com, he’d love to hear from you. Subscribe Share Bar Harbor Story Share Leave a comment
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. There are over 300,000 followers of Ground Truths so more than 90,000 folks who can easily convert to be free subscribers. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. If you’re not a subscriber, please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths The proceeds from all voluntary paid subscriptions go to support our summer internship program. It enabled us to accept and support a record number of 62 summer interns that joined us in 2026! These are high school, college and medical students selected from thousands of applicants. We couldn’t do this expanded program without the funds coming in through Ground Truths. Thank you!
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