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Tech CEO accused of running $420M AI business scam
iLearning, according to the Justice Department, “fabricated virtually all its customer relationships and revenues.”
Tech CEO accused of running $420M AI business scam
iLearning, according to the Justice Department, “fabricated virtually all its customer relationships and revenues.”
Tech CEO accused of running $420M AI business scam
iLearning, according to the Justice Department, “fabricated virtually all its customer relationships and revenues.”
Tech CEO accused of running $420M AI business scam
iLearning, according to the Justice Department, “fabricated virtually all its customer relationships and revenues.”
Young scientists to present at 53rd Upper East Tennessee Science Fair
The 53rd annual Upper East Tennessee Science Fair will bring hundreds of students to ETSU on April 25 to showcase projects that highlight curiosity, hands-on learning and scientific inquiry.
National Nutrition Month Celebrates Experiential Learning in Action with Public Health Students - University of New Haven
The University of New Haven created a collaboration with the Norwalk Health Department that led to an immersive workshop that reinforced the importance of nutrition education.
NSWCPD Applies AI and Machine Learning to Predictive Machinery Health
In a soundproof chamber at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Philadelphia Division (NSWCPD), a steel-gray air compressor hums as engineers test an experimental machine learning model designed to detect early signs of failure through vibration analysis. The effort, part of NSWCPD’s growing portfolio of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) projects, shows early promise for potential future Navy use.
Engineering, game design faculty turn nuclear science into interactive learning experience
At Kennesaw State University, learning about nuclear energy isn’t limited to textbooks and lectures. Researchers are developing a video game that helps users understand how reactors operate through hands-on experience. At the center of the project titled “Simulating the AP1000: An Educational Game to Promote Understanding of Nuclear Energy Safety and Sustainability” is a collaboration between engineering and game design faculty. The initiative focuses on turning complex nuclear concepts into an interactive learning experience.
Hampton students tap into maple sugaring with hands‑on science lessons
"This project is an excellent example of how hands-on learning brings education to life for our students," said Superintendent Lois Costa.
In memoriam: Nicholas 'Nick' Xavier Kuehn, junior, Pamplin College of Business
Born in Burlington, North Carolina, the 19-year-old was pursuing a degree in cybersecurity management and analytics and was a member of the Securitas Living Learning Community. He passed away March 29.
USC hospitality students learn the business of beer, launch their own brewery brand
Hospitality students at the University of South Carolina are learning how to brew, market and distribute their own beer.
Health information delivered as a video game can bridge the communication gap between patients and providers
By letting people make choices and experience the outcomes of those choices, gaming provides a much more hands-on way of learning about health.
Apple leaks four iOS 27 features, including overdue Wallet upgrade
As we approach WWDC kicking off in June, we’re learning more about what to expect from iOS 27. A new...
How seals' whiskers make them master underwater hunters
Their sensitive facial hair may be the harbor seals superpower for tracking fish, scientists are learning.
Freshman quarterback Bowe Bentley embraces early learning curve at OU ahead of spring game
The jump from high school football to the Southeastern Conference doesn’t come quietly, and for freshman quarterback Bowe Bentley, that reality has set in quickly.
Columbus CEO overcomes learning disabilities to build business and create opportunity for others
5 takeaways from recent Iran polls that look increasingly grim for Trump
The US war with Iran is getting more unpopular over time. And as we’ve gotten more extensive polling, we learning more about why that is.
How Real NHL® Game Data Is Helping Students Build Analytical Skills for the Future
The Hockey Analyst lets students use real NHL game data in SAP Analytics Cloud—free, hands-on learning that builds analytical skills.
MusiCares Launches Groundbreaking Suicide Prevention Training And Mental Health Resources For Music Professionals In Partnership With The Jed Foundation
The groundbreaking digital microsite provides suicide prevention and mental health resources, evidence-informed learning and support tools, and a suicide prevention training course — all tailored to music professionals.
Seton Hall Students Gain Insight at Sports Medicine Conference
Seton Hall B.S. in Interprofessional Health Sciences students gained insight into career pathways, networked with professionals and connected classroom learning to practice.
Dear Abby | Ready to bail on first post-college job
Dear Abby: I'm struggling with what to do about my first job out of college. I've been here for four months, and while I expected a learning curve, I didn't
Machine Learning As A Transformative Tool for (Exo-)Planetary Science
The exploration of planetary bodies in our Solar system and beyond relies on the processing
Why I Chose Georgetown’s McDonough School of Business
Sarah Brannigan (B’28) why she chose Georgetown to study business, from professors, the professional development and experiential learning opportunities.
Student view: Celebrating learning as much as winning
Navya Bhardwaj will graduate on May 3 with a bachelor’s degree in computer science and engineering and minors in data science, and computational mathematics, science and engineering. She is president of MSU Women in Computing and served as co-director of SpartaHack.
Why does déjà vu happen, and can science explain it?
Learning with TOI News: You’re walking into a place you’ve never been to before. And yet, for a fleeting moment, it feels known. Not vaguely familiar, but specific, like a me.
Nancy Guthrie Update: Expert Names ‘Most Likely’ Source of Suspect’s DNA
DNA is ‘hardy,’ says CeCe Moore, and one source might be investigators’ best hope at learning what happened to Nancy Guthrie.
Nancy Guthrie Update: Expert Names ‘Most Likely’ Source of Suspect’s DNA
DNA is ‘hardy,’ says CeCe Moore, and one source might be investigators’ best hope at learning what happened to Nancy Guthrie.
April 16 Vallejo-Vacaville Arts/Entertainment Source: Activities
April 16: The Drifting Cowboys, 6:30 p.m., Empress Marquee Club, 324 Virginia St., Vallejo. April 17: Rise Vallejo Ribbon Cutting Ceremony and Family Carnival, 11 a.m., Rise Vallejo Early Learning Center, 1450 Coronel Ave.,…
The business of travel is booming in Seward
With a class offered through Alaska Vocational Technical Center, locals are learning business basics and launching new careers.
Catawba Science Center celebrates Science Festival Month with 2 interactive events
April is North Carolina Science Festival Month, and Catawba Science Center will mark the occasion with two events focused on hands-on learning and exploration.
Student-built, student-powered: Inside the Math and Science Learning Center
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences center provides support for students in math and science courses.
UGA SBDC Business Summit in Savannah returns May 5, 2026
The University of Georgia Small Business Development Center (UGA SBDC) in Savannah is set to host its annual Business Summit on Tuesday, May 5, 2026, at the Savannah Convention Center, offering a full day of learning and collaboration for regional business owners, professionals, and community leaders.
Encinitas school first in San Diego region to earn Green Business Certification
The City of Encinitas recently recognized The Grauer School as a newly certified Green Business through the Encinitas Green Business Network. A pioneer in holistic learning and sustainable practices, the school is the first in the San Diego…
Summit State Bank’s Ken Wu named to North Bay Business Journal’s Forty Under 40 of 2026
“He was promoted into management because of his ability to guide others without ego, foster an environment of trust and accountability, and encourage learning and cross-training throughout the department.”
School of Business receives AACSB Global Impact Award for use of AI in teaching and learning
The School of Business has been recognized as a winner of AACSB’s inaugural Global Impact Awards for creative and effective use of generative AI in teaching and learning. The Global Impact Awards honor individuals and institutions whose initiatives exemplify innovation, leadership, and measurable impact in business education and [...]
Public Health Students Serve in Downtown Little Rock
Students in a community-based program design course at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) are learning about the value of strong relationships between researchers and community members. The class, which is in the UAMS Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, includes a semester-long service-learning project at the…
No errors in learning about Shakespeare
PUTNEY — Students participating in The Grammar School rendition of “A Comedy of Errors” have been working for weeks to master their lines in this Shakespearean classic that opens Friday
Jacksonville Bold for 4.8.26: Learning from mistakes
Republicans regroup for Jacksonville Mayor race as campaign season intensifies.
Science Communications with Natasha Kassulke
Are you interested in learning how to turn complex ideas into messages people actually understand? Then Science Communication is the perfect class for you! This fall 2026 semester, Science Communication (Hybrid) will be taught by instructor Natasha Kassulke. WHY TAKE THIS COURSE? ● Earn college credit in high school ● Explain ideas clearly and confidentlyStory...
Shawnee, KCK chambers host World Cup marketing workshop for local businesses
Business owners are learning strategies to reach diverse audiences ahead of a major sporting event.
State’s first Health Learning Lab opens at Waianae High School
The lab provides students with hands-on clinical skills training in a modern setting and supports certificate programs designed to lead directly to entry-level healthcare jobs.
Earthquake science unites threatened scholar with Cornell researchers
A team of geophysicists from Cornell, Cameroon and South Africa is using machine learning tools to unearth new information from earthquake data collected by Cornell 15 years ago – providing a lifeline for a scholar whose career was upended by conflict.
Gene Editing Institute Receives $500K Federal Grant to Expand CRISPR Learning Lab
ChristianaCare’s Gene Editing Institute has received a $500,000 federal grant secured by Delaware’s congressional delegation to expand its Learning Lab, a hands-on program that introduces high school and college students to gene editing. The Learning Lab is powered by CRISPR in a Box™, a teaching toolkit developed by Institute scientists that lets students try gene […]
Clemson business students land elite finance programs, build path to Wall Street
Through Clemson’s emphasis on mentorship, hands-on learning and professional development, Ava Hester and Morgan Harvey have earned spots in prestigious programs like Girls Who Invest and the Wharton School’s Fundamentals of Corporate Finance and Valuation program.
Reflecting on science, learning and leadership
ASBMB President Joan Conaway reflects on her term, celebrating the society’s resilience, advocacy, journal growth and commitment to education, while looking ahead to a vibrant future under incoming president Ed Eisenstein.
Edward Keegan: UIC’s new computer science building is willfully eccentric
UIC’s newest addition — the Computer Design, Research, and Learning Center — is the most hopeful architectural addition since the 1960s.
Humans can still beat AI at video games
AI may have teams of engineers on its side, but humans have lived experience and better learning skills.
Democrats rebounding without learning necessary lessons
“When we fight, we win!” That, reportedly, was the chant heard over and over again at the Colorado Democratic Assembly a week ago. It suggests that pugilism has been the piece missing from the Democratic toolkit. Perhaps it was just me, but I seem to recall Democrats exhibiting plenty of fight back in 2024. The […]
Weekend reads: Half of social science ‘doesn’t replicate’; ‘Scientific ghosts: Life after retraction’; multisensory learning paper retracted
If your week flew by — we know ours did — catch up here with what you might have missed. The week at Retraction Watch featured: A citation alert led researchers to a network of fake articles. But w…
Woman, 41, Admits She Feels ‘Like a Ticking Time Bomb’ After Learning She’s a Carrier for Fatal Huntington’s Disease
A woman said she feels like a 'ticking time bomb' after she learned she carries a gene mutation for Huntington's disease, a rare illness affects an individual's ability to move and think, as well as their mental health.
We all need to become better science storytellers. Here’s why and how.
Last week, in a lovely New Haven bar, six people gathered in front of a crowd to tell stories that were somehow related to science and public health. It was magical. One person talked about learning how social determinants of health helped them forgive their mother’s alcoholism. Another shared what it’s been like navigating a dementia diagnosis. Another described their last dinner with their mother before they left Nigeria to come to the U.S. and how that moment, plus the diagnosis that followed, shapes their career goals today. As the Executive Director of The Evidence Collective at Your Local Epidemiologist, I was ecstatic to bring this event, “Science and Storytelling,” to the community surrounding the Yale School of Public Health. Stories are not the default way most people communicate about science and public health. In fact, we are taught to take all the emotion out of data, but that makes it pretty darn boring to everyone else. And if people can’t see themselves in it, feel themselves in it, or influence it, how can we ask them to support it? Why do stories stick? How can we all—from community members to public health scientists—do better? And what are some examples?
Epi Minute 27: Learning About Mumps
David Courtney, an epidemiologist with the City of St. Louis Department of Health, talks about the signs and symptoms of mumps. The best way to prevent the disease is through vaccination. Find out more at stlouis-mo.gov/health.
Cal Poly student Parker Jones calls out professors' slowness on AI
This Cal Poly computer science student says professors lag on AI as students already use tools like ChatGPT for learning, not cheating, in class.
Impactful innovations reshape learning and technology at ACC 2026
ACC 2026 Chair Kathryn Berlacher, MD, MS, FACC, explains some of the big trend at this year's meeting, including AI, CCTA, hands-on and guideline sessions.
PlayStation Acquires Machine Learning Specialist to Achieve 'New Levels' of Game Visuals
Cinemersive Labs
Sony Interactive Entertainment Acquires Cinemersive Labs
With deep expertise in computer vision and machine learning, Cinemersive Labs will contribute to Sony Interactive’s efforts to enhance gameplay
LA Chargers help high school athletes learn lifesaving CPR
More than 250 high school student-athletes from across the Los Angeles Unified School District spent a day learning about heart health alongside Los Angeles Chargers players.Students learned hands-only CPR, met Chargers players Elijah Molden and RJ Mickens in UCLA Health Sports Performance Training, Powered by Exos, and enjoyed lunch on the patio at Huddle for Heart Health, held March 19 at The Bolt, the Chargers’ official practice facility in El Segundo. RJ Mickens, left, and Elijah Molden joined more than 250 LAUSD high school students at the Huddle for Heart Health event. (Photo courtesy of Joaquin Torre/Los Angeles Chargers) Along with learning CPR techniques, students practiced performance training on the LA Chargers practice field in El Segundo. (Photo courtesy of Joaquin Torre/Los Angeles Chargers) LA Chargers defensive back RJ Mickens visits with high school students at the Huddle for Heart Health event. (Photo courtesy of Joaquin Torre/Los Angeles Chargers) The event was presented by UCLA Health, the American Heart Association, the Los Angeles Chargers and LAUSD.Hands-only CPR is a lifesaving skill, said David Sato, MD, board president of the American Heart Association Los Angeles.“We save more lives when we work together,” said Dr. Sato. “This collaboration with UCLA Health and the Los Angeles Chargers to teach students how to perform hands-only CPR helps ensure more families in Los Angeles have someone ready to act in a cardiac emergency when seconds count.”Hands-only CPR is a lifesaving procedure for cardiac emergencies that doesn’t involve rescue breaths. It involves pressing hard and fast in the center of the chest of a teen or adult who has collapsed. Pressing can be done to the beat of the Bee Gee’s hit “Stayin' Alive, which, at 100 beats per minute, is the minimum rate at which to push during hands-only CPR, according to the American Heart Association. LA Chargers defensive back Elijah Molden, standing, helps high school students learn CPR skills. (Photo courtesy of Joaquin Torre/Los Angeles Chargers) Most cardiac arrests that don’t happen in the hospital happen at home, and hands-only CPR is as effective as CPR with breaths in the first minutes following a cardiac emergency.
Rew hopes to emulate brother's Somerset success
Young Somerset wicketkeeper-batter Thomas Rew on learning with the England Lions and following brother James into Somerset's first team.
Bishop Museum of Science and Nature readies for Artemis II launch Wednesday
The Bishop Museum of Science and Nature is gearing up to give space fans a front-row seat to the Artemis II rocket launch Wednesday evening, offering a mix of live viewing, immersive programming and hands-on learning.
Spring Leap at Teatown: Science, Rabbits and Family Learning
An educational program about lagomorphs will be held on April 12 in Ossining
Scientists Discover Plants Can “Count” – and May Be Smarter Than We Thought
New research challenges the long-held assumption that brains are required for learning, suggesting plants may process information in unexpected ways.
UND grad students gain front-row access to business and government in Washington
LEARNING strategic priority: ‘Promote experiences that expand horizons even as they build skills’
Cheers to 45 years: A career of lifelong learning
At 80 years old, Berry Warren, a medical lab technician, has seen his fair share during his 45 years at ECU Health.
Airbnb Externship Shows 3L Isabel Samayoa How Legal Strategy Drives Business Growth - UC Law San Francisco (Formerly UC Hastings)
An externship at Airbnb provided 3L Isabel Samayoa exposure to areas such as contracts, licensing, risk management, and growth strategy, helping her develop the skills and experience to thrive in her future career as a corporate transactions attorney. 3L student Isabel Samayoa reflects on her work with Airbnb’s in-house legal team through UC Law SF’s Corporate Counsel Externship Program. Supported Airbnb’s legal team on commercial contracts, open-source licensing, external partnerships, product counseling, and legal research. Observed how legal advice aligns with business strategy and risk management. Gained exposure to strategic decision-making while preparing for a career in corporate transactions. Q: What did you do in this corporate externship? A: I supported the Airbnb legal team across several functions, including commercial contracts, open-source licensing matters, strategic external partnerships, legal research, real estate matters, internal AI integration, and product counseling. I also gained exposure to corporate structure counseling, litigation, patent counseling, and the company’s broader business strategy. Q: What did you take away from this experience? A: One of the most valuable parts of this experience was learning how a business actually operates. I had never worked on such a large team in the private sector, so I had little exposure to how companies run internally. I learned how lawyers can provide valuable advice to support business goals, seeing how leadership evaluates risk and develops growth strategies. Understanding those priorities allows me to calibrate my legal advice to clients, balancing the client’s goals against the level of risk they are willing to take. Q: How does this experience support your career goals? A: Exploring the anatomy of a successful company was incredibly valuable because I plan to pursue a career as a corporate transactions lawyer. Being in the room with the teams discussing important decisions allowed me to see firsthand the factors that contribute to that success and how lawyers help guide those decisions. Q: Would you recommend UC Law SF and this externship? Why? A: I would absolutely recommend this opportunity. While the team worked on high-stakes matters at a highly successful company, they still created an environment where I felt welcomed. They trusted me with meaningful work and supported me every step of the way. This helped me build confidence in my analytical abilities. Q: What’s your favorite UC Law SF memory so far? A: Some of my favorite UC Law SF memories, aside from my time at Airbnb, involve mentorship. I have benefited from mentorship and have also had the chance to mentor other law students. Watching the students I mentored go on to mentor others has been particularly rewarding. I think mentorship is integral to the legal profession, and it has been inspiring to see that culture thrive at UC Law SF and continue beyond the classroom. The Evidence of Success series highlights UC Law SF students as they share how the College’s opportunities equip them with the experience, skills, and confidence to excel in the legal profession.
Ohio University, Anthem work to strengthen rural health care
The partnership aims to expand endowment funding, microgrants and increase experiential learning opportunities for students.
Ollama Now Runs Faster on Macs Thanks to Apple's MLX Framework
Ollama, the popular app for running AI models locally on a computer, has released an update that takes advantage of Apple's own machine learning framework, MLX. The result is a hefty speed boost on Macs with Apple silicon. According to Ollama, the new version processes prompts around 1.6 times faster (prefill speed) and nearly doubles the speed at which it generates responses (decode speed).
Black Knights Sports Day gives third graders a glimpse of their future
Charlottesville High School turned its stadium into a hands-on learning space.
NJ WasteWise Business Network to Meet May 5
Businesses and other organizations interested in learning more about how reducing waste, recycling, and buying recycled products can help their bottom
Efforts to rebrand César Chavez Day are fueled by emotion and duty
Renaming efforts also are underway for dozens of schools, streets and other locations across the United States that are named for Chávez.
RESA Elementary Science Olympiad set for April 10
Berrien RESA is preparing to host its 2026 Annual Elementary Science Olympiad, bringing hands-on science learning to students across the county. The event will take place Friday, April 10 from 10 a.m. to 12:50 p.m. at Lake
Rural students get hands-on heart science experience
Jefferson County teacher Jasmine Change-Jones launched the 'Heart of Science' lab, giving rural students hands-on learning about cardiovascular health.
Central Texas College students explore the science of Cultivation
KILLEEN, Texas (FOX 44) – Temperatures are on the rise and the first signs of spring are starting to bring new growth and color to the landscape as students at Central Texas College begin learning fir...
Good Sports: Clovis North pitchers learning from former Bulldog, MLB pitcher
It's the first season former major league pitcher Matt Garza is coaching the Broncos pitchers, and the team can already tell the difference.
Impossible Science Live! with World Champion of Magic Jason Latimer
Impossible Science Live! with World Champion of Magic Jason Latimer From bending light with physics, to shaping water with chemistry and walking through solid glass with engineering, World Champion of Magic Jason Latimer’s mind-blowing live show delivers an inspiring message of how “The right question changes everything.” Impossible Science LIVE! expands on Jason Latimer’s inspiring TED Talk “ Seeing Beyond the Illusion of Knowledge ” with family-friendly, mind-blowing illusion entertainment. Uniting his favorite illusions from his illustrious career, Latimer reveals the secret to his magic is not special powers but simply a pursuit of challenging the impossible with curiosity. During your museum visit from April 7-11, 2026, drop into the auditorium for one of Latimer’s shows throughout the day. Shows are included with your Spring Break admission and FREE for museum members. Add a membership to your cart for free Spring Break admission! Available showtimes: 10:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 1 p.m., 2 p.m. daily, with a 3:30 p.m. show on Saturday, April 11. Open seating; first come, first seated. About Jason Latimer: Jason Latimer has been featured on television around the world as both a scientist and magician. While Latimer is both a curator of the iconic Fleet Museum in San Diego, CA, and a World Champion Magician his network specials, TV series, and appearances span the globe. Jason has been featured as a science host on the Science Channel, Roku, Amazon, and as a magician on the Syfy Channel, History, BBC ONE, and Japan’s NHK. In 2021, SONY partnered with Latimer to bring his unique blend of science and magic to online and to PBS to assist with distance learning. Impossible Science’s growth has been exponential ever since, garnering over a hundred million views and multiple streaming awards as an educational series.
Scientists train to dive beneath polar ice as climate change warms the Arctic and Antarctica
Scientists are learning to dive beneath polar ice and study the study the flora and fauna below.
Emotions in Motion: How Movement May Signal Mental Health Issues
Biomedical engineering senior Ian Y. Kim wears a motion capture suit during an experiment in the Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Lab at UT Dallas. New University of Texas at Dallas research shows the potential for detecting mental health disorders by analyzing the way a person moves. Using 3D motion capture and machine-learning models, researchers were […]
KDE, Kentucky Science Center to host Day of Science for Community-Based Educators in May
The Kentucky Department of Education is hosting a Day of Science Learning for Community Based Educators on May 7 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. ET at the Kentucky Science Center in Louisville. The event is mainly for organizations who provide science learning experiences for students outside the classroom. Attendees will learn about high-quality instructional resources
iOS 27: Apple will reportedly let Claude and other AI chatbot apps integrate with Siri
Apple will unveil iOS 27 on June 8 at WWDC, and we’re learning new details about what to expect in...
Stranger Than Heaven Gets a Wild New Trailer – and an Entirely New Broadcast on May 6
We just got a brand new look at RGG Studio's Stranger Than Heaven - and we'll be learning even more when we air an entire show about the game on May 6. Get all the details inside.
Spring Into Success: Events and Learning Opportunities to Help Small…
Entrepreneurs and business owners can discover AI tools, procurement insights and more at multiple April events.
New Heights Charter School opens science lab for students
New Heights Charter School of Brockton opened its first science lab, offering students hands-on STEM learning opportunities.
Young scientists, engineers grow with UH support | University of Hawaiʻi System News
Science fair projects provide an opportunity to extend classroom learning.
Glyphosate: A story of science, risk, and nuance
In the summer of 2014, a California groundskeeper named Dewayne Johnson started noticing patches of raw, weeping skin spreading across his body. He had spent years applying Roundup, Monsanto’s glyphosate-based herbicide, for a school district, sometimes drenched in it when equipment malfunctioned. By 2014, he had a diagnosis: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In 2018, a jury awarded him $289 million in damages, later reduced on appeal. Tens of thousands of lawsuits followed. The story hasn’t quieted down. It’s all over the internet, swinging between “this will kill you, buy organic” and “relax, you’re fear-mongering.” Some of that recent chatter stems from an Executive Order protecting glyphosate and its production, which set off intense infighting within the MAHA movement. Some of it reflects a deeper truth: Americans genuinely care about harmful chemicals in their environment (see poll below). And the conversation isn’t going anywhere, with a Supreme Court case involving Monsanto set for this April. Glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. But does glyphosate cause cancer? And how much exposure is actually risky? With so much mistrust in institutions and corporations (and some genuine conflicts of interest), making sense of the actual scientific evidence is genuinely hard. Here is a translation of what the scientific evidence actually says. Does glyphosate cause harm? Glyphosate is an herbicide that kills most plants it contacts rather than targeting specific species. It works by blocking an enzyme pathway (EPSPS) that plants and many microorganisms need to produce essential amino acids. Without those amino acids, the plant can’t grow and dies. Glyphosate was first developed by Monsanto in the 1970s and became ubiquitous after the company introduced “Roundup Ready” crops in the 1990s. In 2024, Bayer removed glyphosate from residential Roundup-branded products due to litigation pressure. But today it is still the most widely used herbicide in the world. Farmers also discovered they could spray it directly on crops like oats, lentils, beans, and peas just before harvest to dry them out faster and make harvesting easier. Because of its widespread use, it’s obviously really important to understand if it’s harmful to humans. The key principle: The dose makes the poison The most important concept in toxicology is that “the dose makes the poison.” Sixteenth-century physician Paracelsus articulated what remains the foundational principle of toxicology: sola dosis facit venenum. Water will kill you if you drink enough of it. Aspirin saves lives at 81 milligrams and causes internal bleeding at higher chronic doses. So, at what dose is glyphosate poisonous? The LD50 in rats (the dose that kills half the test animals) is around 5,600 mg/kg body weight. Table salt is roughly 3,000 mg/kg. By that classic measure, glyphosate is less acutely toxic than salt. But some people are exposed to a lot of glyphosate through their work. And among the general public, there are many questions about low-dose, cumulative exposure from multiple sources over long periods. Does glyphosate cause health problems? Cancer Correlation maps are striking, with one analysis finding that 60% of counties that spray the most glyphosate have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma rates above the national average. But correlation alone doesn’t establish cause, which is why animal and human studies matter. In animals: Rat studies are typically what most fear is rooted in, but most people don’t know the study details on the dosage given to rats. A pooled analysis of the 13 most rigorous rat studies found evidence that very high doses, around 55,000 times greater than typical food residue exposure, can cause certain cancers. In humans: One of the strongest studies followed 55,000 herbicide users over 20 years and found no overall increased cancer risk. There was one signal: among those with the highest use, rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) appeared elevated. A broader meta-analysis of 18 human studies also found no overall cancer risk, though a separate meta-analysis focused specifically on non-Hodgkin lymphoma found that people with high cumulative glyphosate exposure faced a 41% higher relative risk compared to those with low or no exposure. These human studies are observational studies (randomized controlled trials would be unethical), and meta-analyses are only as reliable as the studies they pool. But the story seems consistent: at very high exposure levels, there may be some cancer risk. But that’s about as far as the science currently takes us. Emerging research: gut and reproductive health Gut: Because glyphosate targets a pathway that exists in some gut bacteria, scientists have questioned whether it could affect the microbiome. In mice, a 2023 University of Iowa study found that glyphosate altered gut bacterial composition and raised markers of intestinal inflammation. A 2024 systematic review found similar patterns: disrupted gut bacteria and problems with the mucus layer that protects the intestinal wall in mice. Whether this translates to humans is an open question. The human gut is highly variable and resistant, and we don't yet have strong studies confirming the same effects in people. Reproductive health: Animal studies have found that glyphosate-based herbicides can interfere with reproductive hormones, including disrupting egg cell development in mice and reducing the number of eggs available in sheep’s ovaries. However, the doses used in these experiments were high, so it’s not yet clear whether the same effects would occur in humans. On the human side, a 2021 pilot study led by Mount Sinai researchers tested urine samples from pregnant women across the U.S. and found glyphosate in 95% of them. The study also found a possible connection between higher glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and a subtle physical difference measured in female newborns. That said, some connections weren’t statistically reliable and this was a small study. The researchers themselves said more and larger studies are needed before drawing firm conclusions. What do regulators say about glyphosate safety? In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A). The classification is worth taking seriously. But, there’s an important distinction: IARC classifies hazard, meaning the potential to cause harm under some conditions. It does not assess risk, which accounts for actual exposure levels and the real-world probability of harm. The U.S. EPA, the European Food Safety Authority, Health Canada, and regulatory agencies in Australia and Japan have all concluded that glyphosate is “unlikely to be carcinogenic to humans” at realistic exposure levels. They’re asking a different question: given how much of this people actually encounter, what is the probability of harm? Your actual exposure is what determines your actual risk. What does glyphosate mean for your daily life? At the grocery store: Food residues are small. The EPA’s acceptable daily intake is 1.75 mg/kg of body weight per day. To hit that threshold from oatmeal alone, a 150-pound adult would need to eat roughly 50 pounds of oats every day. But this calculation addresses only one pathway (food), and we don’t yet have robust tools to measure people’s actual total exposure. If reducing exposure matters to you, organic certification prohibits synthetic herbicides, and organic oat products generally test at lower or undetectable levels. Either way, a diet rich in whole grains, conventional or organic, is far better for your health than one that omits them out of fear of residues. On the farm: Occupational exposure is orders of magnitude higher than consumer exposure. Farmers and farm workers who mix, load, and apply glyphosate-based herbicides, especially without protective equipment, face meaningfully different risk profiles. Proper PPE isn’t optional. Integrated weed management strategies that rotate chemical modes of action are also worth taking seriously, both for health and for long-term effectiveness. If you live near a farm: Spray drift is real. Concentrations near field edges can spike during and after application, particularly on windy days. This is an area where I think public health could really step up and empower rural communities with buffer zones, rather than placing the onus on individuals. But for now, knowing your local agricultural calendar and keeping windows closed during application are the first steps. Bottom line Dewayne Johnson was exposed to glyphosate at levels most people will never encounter, and a jury decided he deserved compensation. That outcome is not evidence that the oatmeal in your pantry is dangerous. But it is a reminder that the dose, the context, and the person doing the exposing all matter enormously. Glyphosate is a chemical tool with benefits, trade-offs, and genuine open scientific questions. Learning to hold that complexity without collapsing into panic or dismissal is, honestly, one of the most useful and hardest things to do in navigating modern health science. Love, YLE Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) is founded and operated by Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an epidemiologist, wife, and mom of two little girls. Hannah Totte, MPH, is an epidemiologist and YLE Community Manager. YLE reaches more than 425,000 people in over 132 countries with one goal: “Translate” the ever-evolving public health science so that people will be well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions. This newsletter is free to everyone, thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members. To support the effort, subscribe or upgrade below: Subscribe
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Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.
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