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Why Democrats with 2028 hopes are calling Lina Khan – and what she’s telling them about remaking the economy
Lina Khan is getting constant calls from Democrats, many of them thinking about presidential runs, to sound out problems and workshop potential solutions. That’s a shift from when she was Federal Trade Commission chair and some party leaders avoided meetings or events with her. Khan hasn’t changed so much as the world around her has. Many Americans are furious about rising costs, affordability, technological changes, and soaring profits for the rich. And President Donald Trump has maximized the levers of federal power in ways that were once considered off-limits in both parties. What Khan has in mind for the next Democrat in the White House isn’t a 1,000-page blueprint like the Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025. It’s more of an overall strategy rooted in her specialty: excavating long-forgotten laws already on the books, then finding ways to apply them to 21st century companies.
He's finally back! Liverpool midfielder returns at last
Injuries have undoubtedly been a significant factor in Liverpool’s campaign this season.While the overall number of injuries may not have been overwhelming, the impact has been severe due to several...
Last 10 players drafted with Falcons' No. 48 overall pick
Who were the last 10 players drafted at Falcons' second-round pick slot?
Five takeaways from Virginia baseball’s series win over Clemson
Following yet another mid-major midweek loss, the Virginia Cavaliers won their fifth ACC series against Clemson over the weekend. The Wahoos improved to 12-9 in conference play and 28-13 overall in the process. UVA pieced together rallies in the second and sixth innings en route to a fiery 6-4 victory in the series opener. The […]
Report: Cardinals, Saints discussing expensive 2026 draft trade
Saints GM Mickey Loomis isn't known for his patience in the NFL draft. But this report about a trade up to third overall may be too rich even for him.
VP Sports & Entertainment presents: Wheat Kings alumnus McQueen inks deal with Anaheim Ducks
Roger McQueen has officially joined the flock. The former Brandon Wheat Kings centreman has signed a three-year, entry-level deal with the Anaheim Ducks, the NHL club announced Saturday. McQueen’s contract is set to take effect in the 2026-27 season. Anaheim selected the 6-foot-6, 198-pound forward with the 10th overall pick in the 2025 NHL Draft.…
Curing U.S. Health Care, Part I
In 2008, much to their own surprise, leading Democrats unified around a program of major health care reform. Policy wonks had spent years developing the concepts behind what eventually became Obamacare; big Democratic victories in the 2006 midterms and the prospect of controlling both Congress and the presidency made it possible to imagine turning those ideas into reality. During the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama advocated similar plans, based on those ideas, for expanding insurance coverage. And it happened! The Affordable Care Act was enacted in 2010. When it was fully implemented in 2014, millions of Americans got health insurance: Impressive as the raw numbers are, they don’t tell the whole story. Before the ACA, even upper-middle-class Americans often found it impossible to get health insurance if they had pre-existing medical conditions. Many Americans were trapped in jobs they wanted to leave but couldn’t for fear of losing their employment-based coverage. Meanwhile, dire predictions from the usual suspects about runaway costs proved wrong. In fact, overall U.S. medical spending has grown much more slowly since the ACA was enacted than before. But the U.S., alone among advanced nations, still falls far short of providing universal health care. As you can see from the chart above, 8 percent of the population was still uninsured in 2024, a number that is set to rise over the next two years as a result of Republican policies. True, many of the uninsured in 2024 were undocumented immigrants, who we don’t try to cover. But there are still a lot of uninsured. Moreover, a significant number of Americans who have health insurance are in fact underinsured. As a result, they are at risk of incurring devastating healthcare costs and are sometimes forced to forgo needed care. This number is set to rise sharply in the next two years as a result of Republican policies adopted under Donald Trump. And not only is the U.S. unique among advanced countries in its under-provision of health care coverage, it also incurs by far the world’s highest healthcare costs per capita. So now may well be a good time to get behind a new push for major health reform — an effort, if you like, to finish the job begun under Obama. Today’s primer is devoted to the economics of health reform. During his failed effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act, Donald Trump famously complained, “Nobody knew healthcare could be so complicated.” Actually, we did know — and it’s not that complicated. Health economists understand the principles very well. And because health policy varies greatly among advanced nations, we know a lot about what works and what doesn’t. This will be the first in a series about health reform. Beyond the paywall I’ll address the following: 1. Why markets can’t be trusted to deliver healthcare 2. Routes to universal healthcare 3. What works? In a follow-up post I’ll discuss the pros and cons of different approaches, and possible paths forward for the United States.
Giants trade Dexter Lawrence to Bengals in massive deal that includes No. 10 overall pick, per report
New York now holds two picks in the top 10 of the draft following this blockbuster.
Bryan Johnson says you should pay more attention to your resting heart rate
Your resting heart rate holds big clues to your overall health according to longevity influencer Bryan Johnson who spoke at BI Live's The Long Play.
Oilers spring sports stand strong
By Mara Waire wairem@findlay.edu Men’s Golf The University of Findlay Men’s Golf team competed on the road at the Wright State Invitational on April 13, 2026, finishing 4th overall against a field composed primarily of Division I programs. The team posted a cumulative score of 18 over par, recording consistent rounds of 292, 284, and […]
Fed Beige Book Points to Uncertainty and Increased Business Costs - Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council
by Raymond J. Keating – The latest Federal Reserve Beige Book take on the economy pointed to sluggishness and uncertainty, with the Iran war naturally coming into the equation. Specifically, it was reported, “Overall economic activity increased at a slight to modest pace in eight of the twelve Federal Reserve Districts, while two Districts […]
2026 NFL Mock Draft: Houston Texans take guard
With the 28th overall pick in the 2026 Bleeding Green Nation community mock draft, Houston Texans GM CrackTheEaglesNut selects ...
The Mustang GTD records 6m 40.8s ‘Ring time, becomes second quickest overall*
*sorta. Ford absolutely blitzes the hottest Mustang’s previous time by 11 seconds
2026 NFL Mock Draft: San Francisco 49ers select wide receiver
With the 27th overall pick in the 2026 Bleeding Green Nation community mock draft, San Francisco 49ers GM granthill7 selects ...
Federal judge sets new limits on Trump ballroom construction
U.S. District Judge Richard Leon clarified that some national security work can continue while the overall project is halted.
Democrats relish big fundraising gains for Senate races favoring Republicans
While Democrats touted their totals, they offer only a snapshot of overall fundraising, as campaigns had until the end of the day Wednesday to file with the Federal Election Commission.
One week out from the NFL Draft: Intel, rumors and what we're hearing
One week before the 2026 NFL Draft, league sources outline the Jets' thinking at No. 2, a likely chaos candidate at No. 3 overall and the latest buzz on risers, trades and top prospects.
The value of free health insurance: Evidence from Mexico’s Seguro Popular
Expanding free health insurance is central to universal health coverage, but its impact depends on how households value it. This column examines Mexico’s Seguro Popular and shows that households value the programme less than its fiscal cost. This helps explain why its effects on labour markets were modest and suggests that overall welfare gains may be smaller than often assumed, despite the programme’s large expansion in coverage.
Building health together: Clarksville community leadership luncheon
Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital’s mission is to strengthen and expand local access to health care and improve the overall health of the community.
Traws Pharma Reports Full Year 2025 Results and Provides Business Highlights
Tivoxavir marboxil advancing towards a human influenza challenge trial as a once-monthly prophylactic agent, building on broad preclinical antiviral activity, Ratutrelvir topline Phase 2a data show a differentiated profile versus PAXLOVID® in COVID patients, with good overall safety; final study analysis underway Private financing of up to $60M (with $10M of such amount upfront) offering of common stock and milestone-based and three-year warrants completed on April 15, 2026 supporting operations
Tarik Skubal Fantasy Value Skyrockets In Potential Dodgers Trade
Tarik Skubal's fantasy value could skyrocket in a Dodgers trade, with wins, strikeouts, and overall production in a dominant rotation setup.
2026 NFL Mock Draft: Cleveland Browns choose tackle
With the 24th overall pick in the 2026 Bleeding Green Nation community mock draft, Cleveland Browns GM FierceDisc65 selects ...
Preston Middle School reclaims state title in Science Olympiad
Preston Middle School reclaims the Science Olympiad state title, winning its 14th since 2010 and 15th overall to advance to the national tournament.
J.P. Morgan Sees Resiliency in U.S. Economy Despite Iran War
The nation’s largest bank said it earned record trading profits in the first quarter but tempered expectations overall for its business.
2026 WNBA Draft: How much will No. 1 overall pick Azzi Fudd make in her rookie season with the Dallas Wings?
Rookie contracts are richer than ever thanks to the new collective bargaining agreement
WNBA Draft 2026: UConn star Azzi Fudd selected No. 1 overall by Dallas Wings
The gut health benefits of everyday herbs
Discover how everyday herbs support gut health, digestion, and overall wellness while adding flavor to simple, everyday meals.
Who’s the greatest No. 1 pick in WNBA history? Our ranking delivers answers
This year marks the 30th WNBA draft. From Tina Thompson to A'ja Wilson, we've ranked each of the No. 1 overall picks in league history.
2026 WNBA Draft hours away as Azzi Fudd emerges as clear No. 1 pick
With free agency complete, the 2026 WNBA Draft board becomes clearer. Azzi Fudd should go No. 1 overall.
'iPhone Ultra' Will Solve Two Key Problems
Apple reportedly plans to unveil a foldable iPhone in September, and the device will supposedly solve two problems with foldable smartphones. In case you missed it, a leaker on Chinese social media platform Weibo recently claimed that the foldable iPhone will be named "iPhone Ultra". According to Bloomberg's Mark Gurman, the device will have improved screen quality and overall durability compared to competing foldables.
A simple guide to staying fit without needing a gym membership
Fitness pros say it’s still possible to build strength, improve endurance and support overall fitness goals from home, both safely and effectively.
UMD in Third in Latest NSIC All-Sports Standings
The University of Minnesota Duluth athletic department is currently ranked third in the latest Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference All-Sports Standings after the league calculated the standings again following the winter sports season. Again this year, the NSIC will recognize an overall champion along with a men's and a women's champion.
Scientists say we’ve been treating Alzheimer’s all wrong
Alzheimer’s isn’t just one problem—it’s a tangled mix of biology, aging, and overall health. That’s why drugs targeting a single factor have fallen short, even as new treatments show modest benefits. Scientists are now pushing toward multi-pronged strategies, from gene editing to brain-cell rejuvenation and gut health interventions. The goal: stop treating Alzheimer’s as one disease and start tackling it as a complex system.
Augustana Men Lead, Overall Ranked Second in NSIC All-Sports Standings
The NSIC All-Sports Standings have been compiled following the winter season. Again this year, the NSIC will recognize an overall champion along with a men's and a women's champion. Augustana, the seven-time NSIC All-Sports Champion, has 116 points entering the spring. Minnesota State leads the way with 145.50 points. The men lead the way with 63 points, while the women sit sixth with 53.
NBA champion Thunder clinch Western Conference top seed
The Oklahoma City Thunder secured the Western Conference top seed and best record in the NBA with a 128-110 victory over the Los Angeles Clippers on Wednesday.Oklahoma City snagged the West's top seed for the third year running, and with the best overall record they'll have home court advantage throughout the playoffs.
Thunder clinch No. 1 seed in the West, NBA's best overall record for second straight season
2026 NFL Mock Draft: Tampa Bay Buccaneers take WR
With the 15th overall pick in the 2026 Bleeding Green Nation community mock draft, Tampa Bay Buccaneers GM pascofljoe selects ...
The Viral “Office Air” Theory Explained: Why Your Skin and Hair Change During the Workday
Can “office air” really affect how you look? Experts explain how indoor environments impact skin, hair, and overall appearance throughout the workday.
Fifth Champions League spot secured for Premier League
The Premier League will have at least five teams in the Champions League next season after securing a European Performance Spot for the second straight year. The extra place was confirmed on Tuesday as Arsenal beat Sporting 1-0 in the first leg of their Champions League quarter-final tie. Uefa awards an additional place to the two leagues with the best overall performance across the three European competitions.
2026 NFL Mock Draft: Baltimore Ravens take tackle
With the 14th overall pick in the 2026 Bleeding Green Nation community mock draft, Baltimore Ravens GM 215T1LL1D1e selects ...
Iowa Business Council projects positive six-month economic outlook
Iowa businesses are projecting a positive economic outlook over the next six months, with the Iowa Business Council’s first-quarter Economic Outlook Survey showing an overall index of 65.35 points — up 2.19 points from the fourth quarter of 2025 and more than 4.5 points above the survey’s historical average of 60.47. The quarterly survey measures […]
Fernando Mendoza, likely No. 1 overall pick, will reportedly not attend 2026 NFL Draft, opts to stay home
2026 NFL Mock Draft: Dallas Cowboys choose defensive help
With the 12th overall pick in the 2026 Bleeding Green Nation community mock draft, Dallas Cowboys GM ejdubya selects ...
NFL mock draft: Arizona Cardinals take Rueben Bain 3rd overall
Sam Monson dropped his mock draft on his podcast. See who the Arizona Cardinals' pick is at third overall.
Fernando Mendoza partnership to bring financial education to NFL players
The 2026 NFL draft's likely No. 1 overall pick, Fernando Mendoza, is partnering with U.S. Bank to educate players about business and finance.
Health officials investigate high rates of strep infections in West Hawaii
Department of Health officials said the overall risk to the public remains low, but early treatment is important.
UNC Gillings ranked No. 1 public school of public health in US — No. 2 overall - UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health
April 6, 2026 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Gillings School of Global Public Health has once again been recognized as the top public school of public health in the United States, tied for No. 2 overall. U.S. News and World Report released the 2026-2027 rankings on April 6.
US sexual health report card: High pleasure, low testing, stark gender disparities
A new sexual health survey reveals a mix of progress and persistent gaps. Overall, many Americans report positive experiences—interest in having sex, sexual pleasure, and good communication with partners—yet ...
Deja vu: Trump proposes cutting NASA science funding by 47% again
The proposed budget would cut NASA's overall funding by 23% and nearly halve its science portfolio.
Disparities persist in infant mortality rates despites overall improvements in Mecklenburg County
Mecklenburg County sees improvements in infant mortality rates, yet health disparities endanger Black infants.
Train transfer hub linked to reduced healthcare spending
Researchers from Osaka Metropolitan University and Japan System Techniques Co., Ltd. evaluated the 2019 Osaka-Higashi Line station openings using a natural experiment and health insurance claims. While the overall rail-line effect was not significant, Shigino Station, a well-connected transfer hub, showed an estimated cumulative reduction of about JPY 62,500 per medically treated person over four years, highlighting that station connectivity and local context may determinewhether new stations deliver healthcare cost benefits.
Metro Division Champions – Hurricanes 4, Islanders 3
Seth Jarvis scored two goals and had an assist as the Carolina Hurricanes dominated the New York Islanders, 4-3 on Saturday night at the Lenovo Center. While the score was close, the Canes controlled puck possession and shots. The home team outshot the visitors 13-4 in the first period and 18-2 in the second. Overall, […]
Mavs rookie Cooper Flagg scores 51 points to become first teen to reach 50 in an NBA game
Flagg’s previous career high came against former Duke teammate Kon Knueppel, the fourth overall pick and fellow contender for rookie of the year.
The Future of Brain Health Is Architecture
We’ve long recognized the importance of buildings in meeting a basic human need: shelter. Now, research shows how buildings can improve our overall brain health.
2026 NFL Mock Draft: Cincinnati Bengals boost offensive line
With the 10th overall pick in the 2026 Bleeding Green Nation community mock draft, Cincinnati Bengals GM chuckelberryfinn selects ...
These states make the smartest sports picks, according to PrizePicks data
PrizePicks data reveals the states with the smartest sports picks, led by Illinois and Indiana for high win rates across sports.
Who did Commanders land in CBS Sports' latest 2026 NFL mock draft?
The Washington Commanders are predicted to select an edge rusher with the No. 7 overall pick in the 2026 NFL Draft in CBS Sports latest mock draft.
UC San Diego School of Medicine Ranked No. 4 Nationally for NIH Funding Among Public Institutions
The University of California San Diego School of Medicine ranked No. 4 among public institutions and No. 14 overall nationwide for NIH funding in 2025 as reported by the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research (BRIMR).
High school sports round up
Standout Claremont High School baseball team pitcher Brady Houlton delivers during the team’s 6-5 loss at Diamond Bar on Tuesday. With the loss the Wolfpack is now 2-1 in Palomares League play, 13-4 overall. Courier photo/Andrew Alonzo
2026 NFL seven-round mock draft: Steelers, Jets, Cardinals among teams targeting QBs as 11 come off the board
From the No. 1 overall pick to Mr. Irrelevant, here's how every team builds its 2026 class.
Kirk Cousins agrees to sign with Raiders
While Las Vegas is expected to select Fernando Mendoza at No. 1 overall, Cousins gives the club a veteran option at QB.
Fernando Mendoza's pro day confirms his QB1 status for 2026: Here's how he stacks up to past top QB prospects
Size, arm talent and composure were on display in a pro day that confirmed his status as the next No. 1 overall pick.
Rams' Puka Nacua in rehab following alleged biting incident
Levi McCathern, an attorney representing Rams WR Puka Nacua, revealed his client is in rehab as he looks "to improve his overall behavior."
MediaTek Dimensity 9600 Chip To Feature 2 Ultra-Large ARM Cores For The First Time In A 2+3+3 Overall CPU Configuration
MediaTek Dimensity 9600 appears to be emulating the 2+3+3 CPU architecture of Qualcomm's upcoming Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 6 chip.
Studio Display 2022 vs. Studio Display 2026 Buyer's Guide
Apple updated the Studio Display earlier this month, four years after the original launched. Here's how it compares to the original model. The new model keeps the same $1,599 starting price, 27-inch 5K panel, and overall design, but brings a handful of small internal improvements: a newer chip, upgraded Thunderbolt connectivity, Desk View camera support, and improved bass. The display itself, a 60Hz LCD panel with 600 nits of brightness, is unchanged.
Small businesses cautious on hiring amid economic uncertainty
While overall job numbers have stayed pretty flat in the past year, private payroll processor ADP reported a substantial uptick in job creation by small businesses in February.
UConn eliminates No. 1 overall seed Duke from NCAA Tournament
A desperation 3-pointer stunned Duke and sends the Huskies to the Final Four.
How The Golden Entertainment (GDEN) Narrative Is Shifting As Analysts Recalibrate Valuation Assumptions
Golden Entertainment’s fair value estimate is set at US$30.50, with no change to the overall target level in the latest update. Analysts are split on what this steady US$30.50 figure means, with bullish voices seeing it as a sign of underlying confidence and bearish voices framing it as a reset that better reflects current risks. Read on to see how this evolving narrative could matter for how you track and interpret Golden Entertainment’s next moves. Stay updated as the Fair Value for Golden...
USC CHIRP Lab program uses barbershops, Fitbits to address health gaps for Black and Latino men
Researchers at the University of South Carolina are testing a new approach to reach Black and Latino men where they already gather, the barbershop, to improve mental health, physical health, and overall well-being.
Stars visit the Flyers after Bourque's 2-goal performance
Dallas Stars (44-18-11, in the Central Division) vs. Philadelphia Flyers (36-24-12, in the Metropolitan Division) Philadelphia; Sunday, 7 p.m. EDT BETMGM SPORTSBOOK LINE: Stars -154, Flyers +129; over/under is 5.5 BOTTOM LINE: The Dallas Stars visit the Philadelphia Flyers after Mavrik Bourque's two-goal game against the Pittsburgh Penguins in the Stars' 6-3 win. Philadelphia has a 16-12-8 record at home and a 36-24-12 record overall.
What teens eat could be affecting their mental health more than we thought
What teens eat might matter more for their mental health than previously thought. A sweeping review of nearly 20 studies found that healthier diets are often linked to fewer depressive symptoms, while poor eating habits may go hand in hand with greater psychological distress. Interestingly, focusing on whole dietary patterns—not just individual nutrients—showed more consistent benefits, suggesting that overall eating habits could play a meaningful role during this critical stage of brain development.
What teens eat could be affecting their mental health more than we thought
What teens eat might matter more for their mental health than previously thought. A sweeping review of nearly 20 studies found that healthier diets are often linked to fewer depressive symptoms, while poor eating habits may go hand in hand with greater psychological distress. Interestingly, focusing on whole dietary patterns—not just individual nutrients—showed more consistent benefits, suggesting that overall eating habits could play a meaningful role during this critical stage of brain development.
Duke and UConn prepare for another March Madness collision
Duke enters Sunday as the tournament's top overall seed, and UConn is trying for its third national championship in four years.
Kirsty Muir: British freestyle skier wins historic World Cup titles
Kirsty Muir becomes the first British woman to win both the slopestyle and overall World Cup titles by finishing second in the season finale in Switzerland.
New York Jets Flight Connections 03/28/26
Happy Saturday, Jets fans! Below are your links to kick off this weekend as we keep cruising toward the 2026 NFL Draft. NY Jets – Where Have the Jets Improved their Roster Most this Offseason? Jack Bell – Jets QB Geno Smith: Aaron Glenn is a ‘Special Coach’ Jack Bell – At No. 2 Overall […]
Sarah Strong has a double-double, UConn cruises to Elite Eight, beating UNC
Sarah Strong had 21 points and 10 rebounds as defending national champion and overall No. 1 seed UConn overwhelmed North Carolina 63-42 in the women's NCAA Tournament.
How a personal trainer would spend $100 on supplements: best value
A personal trainer said if he had a $100 budget for supplements, there are 3 products he'd buy on repeat to boost muscle and overall health.
Ability to remain positive during conflict associated with better overall mental health in young children
Staying positive in stressful situations is a sign of resilience in young children — and it protects against mental health problems.An examination of how young children reacted to challenging and stressful situations by the Arizona State University Department of Psychology has found that those who were able to maintain positive emotions during an argument with their parents experienced fewer mental health problems, such as anxiety, depressive symptoms, behavioral outbursts and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviors.
Idaho Senate passes rewritten health and welfare budget with additional budget cuts
Overall, Senate Bill 1435 reduces total Idaho health and human services funding by $351.7 million, or 5.8% in fiscal year 2027.
FIU hospitality program ranked No. 3 among U.S. public universities, politics ranked No. 15, joining several other top-ranked FIU programs in 2026 QS World University Rankings
The hospitality program is No. 23 in the world overall and No. 1 in Florida in the just-released rankings.
Glyphosate: A story of science, risk, and nuance
In the summer of 2014, a California groundskeeper named Dewayne Johnson started noticing patches of raw, weeping skin spreading across his body. He had spent years applying Roundup, Monsanto’s glyphosate-based herbicide, for a school district, sometimes drenched in it when equipment malfunctioned. By 2014, he had a diagnosis: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In 2018, a jury awarded him $289 million in damages, later reduced on appeal. Tens of thousands of lawsuits followed. The story hasn’t quieted down. It’s all over the internet, swinging between “this will kill you, buy organic” and “relax, you’re fear-mongering.” Some of that recent chatter stems from an Executive Order protecting glyphosate and its production, which set off intense infighting within the MAHA movement. Some of it reflects a deeper truth: Americans genuinely care about harmful chemicals in their environment (see poll below). And the conversation isn’t going anywhere, with a Supreme Court case involving Monsanto set for this April. Glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. But does glyphosate cause cancer? And how much exposure is actually risky? With so much mistrust in institutions and corporations (and some genuine conflicts of interest), making sense of the actual scientific evidence is genuinely hard. Here is a translation of what the scientific evidence actually says. Does glyphosate cause harm? Glyphosate is an herbicide that kills most plants it contacts rather than targeting specific species. It works by blocking an enzyme pathway (EPSPS) that plants and many microorganisms need to produce essential amino acids. Without those amino acids, the plant can’t grow and dies. Glyphosate was first developed by Monsanto in the 1970s and became ubiquitous after the company introduced “Roundup Ready” crops in the 1990s. In 2024, Bayer removed glyphosate from residential Roundup-branded products due to litigation pressure. But today it is still the most widely used herbicide in the world. Farmers also discovered they could spray it directly on crops like oats, lentils, beans, and peas just before harvest to dry them out faster and make harvesting easier. Because of its widespread use, it’s obviously really important to understand if it’s harmful to humans. The key principle: The dose makes the poison The most important concept in toxicology is that “the dose makes the poison.” Sixteenth-century physician Paracelsus articulated what remains the foundational principle of toxicology: sola dosis facit venenum. Water will kill you if you drink enough of it. Aspirin saves lives at 81 milligrams and causes internal bleeding at higher chronic doses. So, at what dose is glyphosate poisonous? The LD50 in rats (the dose that kills half the test animals) is around 5,600 mg/kg body weight. Table salt is roughly 3,000 mg/kg. By that classic measure, glyphosate is less acutely toxic than salt. But some people are exposed to a lot of glyphosate through their work. And among the general public, there are many questions about low-dose, cumulative exposure from multiple sources over long periods. Does glyphosate cause health problems? Cancer Correlation maps are striking, with one analysis finding that 60% of counties that spray the most glyphosate have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma rates above the national average. But correlation alone doesn’t establish cause, which is why animal and human studies matter. In animals: Rat studies are typically what most fear is rooted in, but most people don’t know the study details on the dosage given to rats. A pooled analysis of the 13 most rigorous rat studies found evidence that very high doses, around 55,000 times greater than typical food residue exposure, can cause certain cancers. In humans: One of the strongest studies followed 55,000 herbicide users over 20 years and found no overall increased cancer risk. There was one signal: among those with the highest use, rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) appeared elevated. A broader meta-analysis of 18 human studies also found no overall cancer risk, though a separate meta-analysis focused specifically on non-Hodgkin lymphoma found that people with high cumulative glyphosate exposure faced a 41% higher relative risk compared to those with low or no exposure. These human studies are observational studies (randomized controlled trials would be unethical), and meta-analyses are only as reliable as the studies they pool. But the story seems consistent: at very high exposure levels, there may be some cancer risk. But that’s about as far as the science currently takes us. Emerging research: gut and reproductive health Gut: Because glyphosate targets a pathway that exists in some gut bacteria, scientists have questioned whether it could affect the microbiome. In mice, a 2023 University of Iowa study found that glyphosate altered gut bacterial composition and raised markers of intestinal inflammation. A 2024 systematic review found similar patterns: disrupted gut bacteria and problems with the mucus layer that protects the intestinal wall in mice. Whether this translates to humans is an open question. The human gut is highly variable and resistant, and we don't yet have strong studies confirming the same effects in people. Reproductive health: Animal studies have found that glyphosate-based herbicides can interfere with reproductive hormones, including disrupting egg cell development in mice and reducing the number of eggs available in sheep’s ovaries. However, the doses used in these experiments were high, so it’s not yet clear whether the same effects would occur in humans. On the human side, a 2021 pilot study led by Mount Sinai researchers tested urine samples from pregnant women across the U.S. and found glyphosate in 95% of them. The study also found a possible connection between higher glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and a subtle physical difference measured in female newborns. That said, some connections weren’t statistically reliable and this was a small study. The researchers themselves said more and larger studies are needed before drawing firm conclusions. What do regulators say about glyphosate safety? In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A). The classification is worth taking seriously. But, there’s an important distinction: IARC classifies hazard, meaning the potential to cause harm under some conditions. It does not assess risk, which accounts for actual exposure levels and the real-world probability of harm. The U.S. EPA, the European Food Safety Authority, Health Canada, and regulatory agencies in Australia and Japan have all concluded that glyphosate is “unlikely to be carcinogenic to humans” at realistic exposure levels. They’re asking a different question: given how much of this people actually encounter, what is the probability of harm? Your actual exposure is what determines your actual risk. What does glyphosate mean for your daily life? At the grocery store: Food residues are small. The EPA’s acceptable daily intake is 1.75 mg/kg of body weight per day. To hit that threshold from oatmeal alone, a 150-pound adult would need to eat roughly 50 pounds of oats every day. But this calculation addresses only one pathway (food), and we don’t yet have robust tools to measure people’s actual total exposure. If reducing exposure matters to you, organic certification prohibits synthetic herbicides, and organic oat products generally test at lower or undetectable levels. Either way, a diet rich in whole grains, conventional or organic, is far better for your health than one that omits them out of fear of residues. On the farm: Occupational exposure is orders of magnitude higher than consumer exposure. Farmers and farm workers who mix, load, and apply glyphosate-based herbicides, especially without protective equipment, face meaningfully different risk profiles. Proper PPE isn’t optional. Integrated weed management strategies that rotate chemical modes of action are also worth taking seriously, both for health and for long-term effectiveness. If you live near a farm: Spray drift is real. Concentrations near field edges can spike during and after application, particularly on windy days. This is an area where I think public health could really step up and empower rural communities with buffer zones, rather than placing the onus on individuals. But for now, knowing your local agricultural calendar and keeping windows closed during application are the first steps. Bottom line Dewayne Johnson was exposed to glyphosate at levels most people will never encounter, and a jury decided he deserved compensation. That outcome is not evidence that the oatmeal in your pantry is dangerous. But it is a reminder that the dose, the context, and the person doing the exposing all matter enormously. Glyphosate is a chemical tool with benefits, trade-offs, and genuine open scientific questions. Learning to hold that complexity without collapsing into panic or dismissal is, honestly, one of the most useful and hardest things to do in navigating modern health science. Love, YLE Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) is founded and operated by Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an epidemiologist, wife, and mom of two little girls. Hannah Totte, MPH, is an epidemiologist and YLE Community Manager. YLE reaches more than 425,000 people in over 132 countries with one goal: “Translate” the ever-evolving public health science so that people will be well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions. This newsletter is free to everyone, thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members. To support the effort, subscribe or upgrade below: Subscribe
Do you love sleeping with your pet? Science reveals there’s a tricky trade-off
Co-sleeping with your pet produces a paradox: it feels beneficial — enhancing connection, comfort and emotional safety — but it objectively disturbs your sleep, and eventually you’re overall well-being.
Your Poop Schedule Says a Lot About Your Overall Health, Study Reveals
It matters more than you think.
2026 NFL Draft combined rankings: No. 1 overall prospect is a Big Ten star — just not Fernando Mendoza
Scientists say NAD+ could slow aging and fight Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
A global team of leading scientists is zeroing in on a tiny but powerful molecule that could reshape how we age. Known as NAD⁺, it plays a crucial role in keeping our cells energized, repairing DNA, and maintaining overall health—but its levels steadily decline over time, potentially fueling diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Researchers are now exploring ways to boost NAD⁺ using compounds like NR and NMN, with early studies hinting at improvements in memory, metabolism, and physical function.
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Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.
Four-star forward Joe Philon commits to UCLA
Joe Philon, a four-star power forward in the 2026 class, has committed to UCLA, he told On3. The 6-foot-8 senior out of Montverde Academy (FL) chose the Bruins after considering Ohio State, South Florida, UNLV, and Xavier. Philon, a native of Tampa, Florida, is the No. 56 overall player in the 2026 class, according to […]
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