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Do Coventry City 'have enough to stay up' this season?
Coventry City fan Conna Chahal believed his club "might struggle in this league" after their 5-0 defeat by Brighton on 13 September, but Saturday's hard fought 1-0 win over Nottingham Forest has changed his thinking. It had been 9,287 days since the Sky Blues last tasted victory in the Premier League, so the result had been a long time coming for the club's loyal supporters. "Do not underestimate how big that three points is for Coventry City," said Chahal, who provides analysis and reaction videos as part of BBC Sport's Fan Collective.
Walsall's Adomah joins the 800 club
Walsall midfielder Albert Adomah is the latest to join the select band of professional footballers to have made 800 appearances.
Akron City, Leviathan owners acquire 28-team amateur soccer league
The new owners plan to add teams and markets while creating new opportunities for players, coaches, clubs and sports business professionals.
How will clubs train during three-week international break?
BBC Sport looks at how clubs are planning to deal with the extended three-week international break.
Miami Dolphins Academy Fall Donation Presented by Baptist Health Delivers Equipment to Royal Palm Beach High School Tackle Football Program
This year’s equipment donation included tackle sleds, a tackle wheel, agiles, power drinkers, new cleats, footballs, pads and more to help enhance the tackle football program.
Boxing foundation aims to help England sports clubs
The Brightstar Boxing Foundation, based in Shifnal, wants to reach clubs across the country.
Brightstar Boxing Foundation aims help sports clubs across England
The Brightstar Boxing Foundation, based in Shifnal, wants to reach clubs across the country.
Schalke defender frustrated by lack of contract talks
With his contract expiring next summer, Schalke 04 centre-back Hasan Kurucay has expressed his disappointment that the club have yet to approach him about an extension.“I haven’t heard anything fr...
Game Changers: Stephanie Rudnick, Angel City Football Club, MKTG Sports + Entertainment, The Yellow Brick Collective
Game Changers: Stephanie Rudnick, Angel City Football Club, MKTG Sports + Entertainment, The Yellow Brick Collective
Rebranded Tipitina's Foundation gets into the groove, 8 years after Galactic bought Uptown club
The new Tipitina's Foundation has no relation to the old Tipitina's Foundation.
Bruno Genesio provides Igor Paixao injury update
Olympique de Marseille did everything to retain Igor Paixao (26) over the summer. Amid the club’s financial problems, the ownership looked to offload the Brazilian in the closing days of the transfe...
Juventus show great form with a confident win against Atalanta
Juventus earned a superb 2-0 win against Atalanta as they built on their 5-0 win against NEC in the Europa League to maintain the positive feeling around the club.The men at the Allianz Stadium have b...
Michael Carrick believes Man Utd can still have big season despite equalling club's worst Premier League start- Paper Talk
Latest transfer news and headlines include: JJ Gabriels reason behind wanting to leave Manchester United; Andoni Iraola continuing to want more from Alexander Isak despite his winning goal against Bournemouth; Martin ONeill ponders his future as Celtic boss
Preview | Juventus Women vs Benfica
The Women's First Team are in UEFA Women's Champions League action, as they begin the 2026/27 League Phase with a home game against Benfica.Isaac Guerrero's side arrive off the back of winning the Ser...
Spygate: Southampton and Tonda Eckert await FA ruling
As Southampton manager Tonda Eckert awaits the FA hearing into his 'Spygate' misconduct conduct charge BBC sports editor Dan Roan speaks to him and club chief executive Phil Parsons on what happens next.
Lionel Messi joins Denis Bouanga in elite MLS club
By Jonathan SigalStop us if you've heard this one before: Lionel Messi has rewritten the MLS record books.The Argentine superstar netted his 20th goal of the season during Inter Miami CF's 2-2 draw wi...
Happy birthday, Kerim!
Kerim Alajbegovic is celebrating his first birthday in black and white. Today, Monday 21 September 2026, he turns 19 years old.The young Bosnian talent, who arrived in Turin this summer, has made a to...
RLCS Club Championship to begin in November
Epic games has announced the Rocket League Esports Club Championship. Set to begin in November featuring 24 teams, a $2.5 million prizepool and multiple LANs, including at the Copper Box Arena in London.
Gabriel Milto's analysis after El Clásico de México
Guadalajara’s draw in El Clásico de México has different shades to it. We know the entire Red-and-White Nation was excited by what Chivas showed in the first half, but the circumstances of the mat...
Gabriel Milito's Analysis Following El Clásico de México
Guadalajara's draw in El Clásico de México has several different layers. We know that the entire Nación Rojiblanca was excited by what Chivas showed in the first half, but the circumstances of the ...
Conceicao and Bremer score in win over Atalanta
The Men's First Team head into the international break with three valuable points after beating Atalanta 2-0 at the Allianz Stadium on Serie A Matchday 5.The goals came from Chico Conceicao and Gleiso...
Real Madrid's take on the match: dreadful refereeing decided derby
Real Madrid has sparked controversy after losing 2-1 to Atlético de Madrid at the Metropolitano. The club used the official match report on its website to issue a forceful complaint, explicitly headl...
Digging Deeper Into Liverpool’s 1-0 Victory Over Bournemouth
The Reds did what they needed for Iraola’s return to his former club to be a happy one.
Detmers Joins Ohtani, Finley in Angels' 200-Strikeout Club
Reid Detmers became the first Angels pitcher since Shohei Ohtani and the first left-hander since Chuck Finley to reach 200 strikeouts in a season.
What Chivas Femenil's Win in Tijuana Left Behind
Chivas Femenil earned a very important result for their aspirations in the Apertura 2026: they convincingly defeated Xolos on Matchday 8 and solidified their position in second place in Group B. In ad...
Takeaways from Chivas Femenil’s win in Tijuana
Chivas Femenil earned a very important result for its Apertura 2026 aspirations: it convincingly defeated Xolos on Matchday 8 and solidified its place as second in Group B. In addition, this result wi...
Every '80s High Schooler Knew Every Word to This B-52's No.1 Hit; Rolling Stone Ranked It as One of the...
The tune almost never happened, Fred Schneider based it on a real club he used to visit.
Every '80s High Schooler Knew Every Word to This B-52's No.1 Hit; Rolling Stone Ranked It as One of the...
The tune almost never happened, Fred Schneider based it on a real club he used to visit.
Union Berlin linked with Alaba and Vestergaard
With 1. FC Union Berlin having conceded 17 goals in their first four Bundesliga games following Friday’s heavy 7-0 defeat to Bayern Munich, the capital club could look to strengthen their defence du...
Chicago Athletic Association: Inside the private club turned hotel
I stayed at the Chicago Athletic Association, a historic gentlemen's club turned luxury hotel with Gilded Age charm and whimsical designs.
'The First Wives Club' Turns 30, Its First Milestone Since Diane Keaton's Death
"It was the best of times," Bette Midler has previously said of filming the movie.
'The First Wives Club' Turns 30, Its First Milestone Since Diane Keaton's Death
"It was the best of times," Bette Midler has previously said of filming the movie.
'The First Wives Club' Turns 30, Its First Milestone Since Diane Keaton's Death
"It was the best of times," Bette Midler has previously said of filming the movie.
📸 Marseille v PSG: the biggest taunts of the decade!
All fair game. There are victories that stay in the memory... and the taunts that come with them.From Neymar to Payet, not to mention the community managers of both clubs, here’s a look back at a de...
Squad List
The Men's First Team return to Serie A action with a Matchday 5 clash against Atalanta at the Allianz Stadium.Kick-off is scheduled for 18:00 CEST on September 20. The Bianconeri come into the match o...
Deco outlines Barcelona’s three-player renewal plan
Barcelona sporting director Deco told the club’s General Assembly that agreements are close to being finalised on new contracts for Raphinha, Marc Bernal and Xavi Espart. Raphinha’s proposed exten...
Sport come from behind to beat Juventude, stay in Serie B's top six
Sport players thank the fans for their support at Ilha do Retiro after the 2-1 win over Juventude in the 29th round of Série BCredits: Paulo Paiva/Sport Club do RecifeSport defeated Juventude 2-1 thi...
Liverpool make Premier League intentions clear with historic announcement
Liverpool are undoubtedly one of the biggest clubs in world football, but the last 18 months on the pitch haven't reflected that. Since winning the Premier League in 2025, the Reds have disappointed,...
Standout Stats | Juventus Women-Roma | Serie A Women's Cup Final
The Women's First Team picked up their first silverware of the season as they beat Roma on penalties in the 2026/27 Serie A Women's Cup final.The match ended 2-2 after 90 minutes, with Isaac Guerrero'...
Chivas Let Victory Slip Away in El Clásico de México
Playing with intensity and fighting until the final minute, Chivas looked for the finishing touch but ultimately let the victory slip away, drawing 2-2 in El Clásico de México. With the point earned...
Defender Ng predicts big wins to come for Cardiff
Cardiff City defender Perry Ng says he expects the club to "batter some teams" moving forward as the Bluebirds finally put an end to their winless run.
Liverpool XI vs Bournemouth – Predicted lineup and team news
Liverpool travel to the Vitality Stadium on Sunday for Andoni Iraola’s return to former club Bournemouth, where he took charge of 127 matches and guided the Cherries to their highest-ever league fin...
Recap: Sporting KC falls 4-3 to Philadelphia Union
Sporting Kansas City (5-17-3, 18 pts.) fell to a 4-3 defeat against the Philadelphia Union (10-10-6, 36 pts.) at Sporting Park on Saturday night. Andre Luiz scored twice in the first half to go along with Wyatt Meyer’s first goal for the club before red-hot Philadelphia responded with four second-half
Furbank to miss opener
GEORGE Furbank suffered a nightmare start to his new life at Harlequins after he was forced off a minute into his club debut on Friday night. Furbank, who joined the London club from Northampton over the summer, is likely to miss his new club’s Premiership opener against Bath on Friday after he was caught by […] The post Furbank to miss opener appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Searle’s new deal
LEICESTER Tigers and England A fly-half Billy Searle has signed a new contract with the club. The 30-year-old joined Leicester in 2025 from French club Agen and scored 217 points in 24 appearances in all competitions during his debut season. His form earned him a nomination for the Prem player of the season award in […] The post Searle’s new deal appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Clark is keen to make flying start
ARTHUR Clark is a Test “hungry” young man dreaming of winning a place on the England plane to Australia this time next year. By GARY FITZGERALD But first the lock knows he must continue to prove himself worthy of wearing the Cherry and Whites jersey. And that starts by helping his club make a loud […] The post Clark is keen to make flying start appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Borussia Dortmund mourn Peter Hermann
Hermann shaped German football over decades. In more than 1,000 matches, he stood on the sidelines as an assistant coach and made his mark through his work at various Bundesliga clubs. His last coachi...
Business Bash connects students with campus clubs and career opportunities
Students gathered in the Schneider Hall courtyard Sept. 17 to explore business-focused Registered Student Organizations (RSOs), departments, majors, study abroad programs and career resources at the annual Business Bash hosted
Barcelona star limps off with injury vs Sevilla
La Liga champions Barcelona have on Saturday been dealt a potential setback on the personnel front. This comes after Andreas Christensen was forced into an early departure from the club’s latest out...
The growing Dodgers 10-strikeout club
Tyler Glasnow on Friday night struck out 10 Giants in his six innings, his most in a start this season. Aside from securing Los Angeles-area folks a free Jumbo Jack with a purchase of a large drink for the 130th time this season and the 27th time in the last 28 days, Friday affirmed the […]
"He does everything..." Michael Carrick Names Shea Lacey’s Standout Quality
Amidst a turbulent start for Manchester United, a historic goalscoring debut from Shea Lacey offers a glimpse of hope while earning high praise from club legend Michael Carrick.
Sandro Wagner confirmed as new Hannover 96 coach
Hannover 96 have confirmed the appointment of Sandro Wagner as their new head coach.The former Germany assistant and Augsburg head coach has signed a two-year deal with the 2. Bundesliga club.“Follo...
Monaco gives Arsenal hopes of transfer windfall in January
Arsenal are one of the clubs with the strongest interest in Folarin Balogun’s future, not because the Gunners want to bring him back into their squad at the end of this season, but because they reta...
Hibernian 1-1 Aberdeen: What the manager said
From a club point of view they'll make the decision when it's ready to bring a new head coach in, or new coaching team. The players have got a few days off, and I'm sure I'll hear from the club at the start of the week what's happening.
Raphinha gives Barcelona clear signal on his long-term future
Raphinha has told RAC1 he would be happy to extend his Barcelona contract beyond its current 2028 expiry and finish his career at the club, according to Barca Blaugranes. The Brazilian is currently ti...
Arsenal could move for Brentford man in January
Arsenal were among the clubs interested in adding Kevin Schade to their squad during the last transfer window, and the Gunners monitored the Brentford attacker for some time. However, they ultimately ...
Red Bull New York sign homegrown forward Dennis Nelich
By MLSsoccer staffTRANSFER TRACKER STATUS: SigningRed Bull New York have signed homegrown winger Dennis Nelich through the 2027-28 season, with options extending until the 2030-31 campaign, the club a...
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. There are over 300,000 followers of Ground Truths so more than 90,000 folks who can easily convert to be free subscribers. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. If you’re not a subscriber, please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths The proceeds from all voluntary paid subscriptions go to support our summer internship program. It enabled us to accept and support a record number of 62 summer interns that joined us in 2026! These are high school, college and medical students selected from thousands of applicants. We couldn’t do this expanded program without the funds coming in through Ground Truths. Thank you!
📸 Top choreos up north: HSV and Werder deliver
The moods at the two northern clubs are currently quite different. While Hamburger SV head into matchday four against FC Cologne not only without any points, but also without a single goal, things are...
How Luxury Yacht Owners Are Designing Vessels Around Health and Wellness
Forget lounging on the beach club. Today's ship owners are more interested in keeping active.
🚨 Starting XIs for Athletic v Alavés:
Athletic Club and Alavés face off on Matchday 7 of La Liga with the aim of staying as high up the table as possible before the break.Los Babazorros come into the match in sixth place with 10 points, ...
Man City v Sunderland: Key stats and talking points
Manchester City will look to maintain their 100% league record under Enzo Maresca when they welcome Sunderland to Etihad Stadium on Sunday. Maresca's tenure got off to a wobbly start with the Community Shield defeat by Arsenal, but his troops have rallied to ensure they are level on points with the table-topping Gunners at this early stage, trailing only on goal difference. In fact, the Italian is aiming to become just the sixth manager to win his first five Premier League games in charge of a club.
Bournemouth v Liverpool: Key stats and talking points
BBC Sport examines some of the key themes before Sunday's match (14:00 BST), with Liverpool boss Andoni Iraola returning to former club Bournemouth. Bournemouth's 2-2 draw with Brentford followed a frustratingly familiar pattern for head coach Marco Rose, who remains without a Premier League win.
Atlético v Chapecoense: Galo are in action today!
Atlético vs. Chapecoense – September 19 (Saturday) – 4:00 PM🏆 Tournament: Matchday 28 – Brazilian Championship🏟️ Venue: Arena MRV, Belo Horizonte🐓 Pre-match, Commentary, and Post-mat...
Next stop: New Jersey
The Packers departed Green Bay's Austin Straubel International Airport on Saturday, Sept. 19, 2026, for their Week 2 matchup against the New York Jets.
Arteta hints he now knows the best position for Eze
Eberechi Eze started Arsenal’s match against Ipswich Town on the left wing and performed well, allowing the Gunners to provide Christos Tzolis with a much-needed rest.Since arriving at the club in t...
Serie A | Juventus-Atalanta
Juventus and Atalanta are preparing to meet at the Allianz Stadium on Serie A Matchday 5.Ahead of the fixture, here are five numbers to know about the Bianconeri’s start to the league campaign.28Juv...
Defending from front is Liverpool's 'attacking weapon'
Alexander Isak says joining Liverpool last summer was an "easy decision". Isak missed pre-season for Newcastle last summer and trained at his former club Real Sociedad amid uncertainty around his future with the Magpies, saying promises made to him there had been "broken". This campaign, the 26-year-old has already matched last term's tally of three Premier League goals, after only four games.
💥 Laporta: Some rivals get rezoned when in trouble...
Joan Laporta spoke at Barça’s assembly this morning and wanted to take a major swipe at his opponents. This is how Joan began his speech: “A club of Barça’s stature always faces major challeng...
Incredible genius will become Liverpool's next sporting director
Liverpool's next sporting director could be an absolute genius. The Richard Hughes era is over at Anfield. He has left the club after a whirlwind two years. During his time at Liverpool, Hughes attrac...
Sounders Annual Business Meeting scheduled for Sept. 26
Fans will have a chance to ask questions of club leadership before the Minnesota United match.
The 2001 Diamondbacks' group chat is buzzing ahead of anniversary
If a group chat can ever replicate a major league clubhouse, the 2001 Diamondbacks' text thread is as close as it gets.
Max Dowman: Mikel Arteta admits 16-year-old Arsenal wonderkid could go out on loan in the future
Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta has not ruled out loaning out Max Dowman in the future and says the club evaluates the 16-year-old sensations progress every six months.
Wider concourses, new clubs and a glass façade: Ball Arena's $135M glow-up is coming
If you were holding out hope that Denver would eventually get a shiny new arena to replace Ball Arena, Friday's announcement from Kroenke Sports &
Pa’ La Cancha, Chivas’ Official Video Game
Guadalajara, Jalisco, September 18, 2026.- Chivas announces the launch of its official video game, available for download on mobile devices starting today. It is the first video game created from the ...
Pa’ La Cancha, Chivas’ official video game
Guadalajara, Jalisco, September 18, 2026.- Chivas announces the launch of its official video game, available for download on mobile devices starting today. It is the first video game created from scra...
From basketball prospect to Newport's focal point
Newport County's focal point Christian Doidge could have pursued a very different sporting career but is happy to be scoring for his home-city club.
Tottenham v Aston Villa: Key stats and talking points
Tottenham and Aston Villa have scored just one league goal between them so far, with both clubs making poor starts to the season. BBC Sport takes a look at the key themes before the game on Saturday (12:30 BST). In the wake of their Carabao Cup exit to Liverpool, Tottenham boss Roberto de Zerbi said his side have to find "La Scintilla" (the spark) to kick-start their season and finally score some goals.
Barcelona star confirms plans to retire at the club
All of a Barcelona persuasion will no doubt be delighted to learn of the latest comments laid out by Raphinha regarding his future with the club.This comes after the Brazilian revealed his intention t...
Sportico Transactions: Moves and Mergers Roundup for Sept. 18
Welcome to Sportico’s transactions wire, a weekly rundown of personnel, partnerships and products across the sports business industry. PERSONNEL Íñigo Aznar Named CRO of Inter Miami CF and Nu Stadium Inter Miami CF announced Iñigo Aznar has been named chief revenue officer of the club and Nu Stadium. Aznar brings 25 years of international experience …
Where to watch El Clásico de México live?
The time has come to support Guadalajara, Chivahermanos! This Saturday, El Rebaño will visit its fiercest rival in another edition of El Clásico de México, where it will look to make the most of it...
Where to Watch El Clásico de México LIVE
The time has come to support Guadalajara, Chivahermanos! The Rebaño will visit its fiercest rival this Saturday for another edition of El Clásico de México, looking to build on the great form it ha...
FC Cincinnati sign Dutch defender Tyrell Malacia
By Jaime UribarriTRANSFER TRACKER STATUS: SigningFC Cincinnati have signed defender Tyrell Malacia, the club announced Friday. The 27-year-old Netherlands international is under contract through Jun...
Gabriel, 15, in Barcelona amid speculation over future
Man Utd youngster JJ Gabriel travels to Barcelona as some of Europe's biggest clubs continue to vie for his signature.
Angels Top Prospect Powers Double-A Club into Championship Series
Top Angels prospect Arjun Nimmala homered for the third straight game as Double-A Rocket City clinched its first trip to the Southern League Championship Series.
Posh teenager Shofowoke aiming for Premier League
Peterborough United's 17-year-old striker Bolu Shofowoke says he is fully focused on the Posh after links with a host of top-flight clubs.
CVS Health Redevelops Soccer Pitch Alongside Seattle Reign FC and the RAVE Foundation
Originally published on Company NewsroomThe new mini-pitch brings safe access to play to Orchards Elementary School in Vancouver, WA, as part of 's multi-year field revitalization commitmentNORTHAMPTON, MA AND WOONSOCKET, RI / ACCESS Newswire / September 18, 2026 / ® (NYSE:CVS) announced it has redeveloped a mini soccer pitch in collaboration with Seattle Reign FC and the club's charitable arm, the RAVE Foundation. The mini-pitch, which is located at Orchards Elementary in Vancouver, WA, is now
Ronaldo named in Portugal squad for Nations League
Cristiano Ronaldo was called up for the start of Portugal's Nations League campaign on Friday as Jorge Jesus named his first squad since taking over as coach.Jesus, 72, coached five-time Ballon d'Or winner Ronaldo at Al-Nassr before leaving in May after guiding the club to the Saudi Pro League title.
The club legend brewing something special at West Bromwich Albion
The storm clouds have broken and sunshine is beating down on West Bromwich Albion’s stadium as the players gather for the annual team photograph.
Science and technology help Florida golf courses be good neighbors
Before the first golfer tees off each morning at Interlachen Country Club in Winter Park, superintendent Bryce Gibson is already walking the fairways, listening to birdsong, scouting dry spots and preparing 110 acres of maintained turf for the day ahead.
Besiktas’ special tribute to Italiano as coach wins fans’ hearts
Vincenzo Italiano has already become an idol at Besiktas, with the Turkish club giving him a special tribute after their 4-1 win over Marseille by playing Toto Cutugno’s iconic hit ‘L’Italiano.�...
Montana State Offers Free Quantum Science Curriculum for Middle Schools
Montana State invites middle school educators to apply for free QuantumClub training, curriculum and supplies covering quantum science.
Bayern Munich CEO Jan-Christian Dreesen skeptical of rotation
FC Bayern is not a club to take its foot off the gas.
Standout Stats
The Men's First Team beat NEC Nijmegen 5-0 to begin their UEFA Europa League campaign.Let’s reflect on the standout stats from the game.JUVENTUS-NEC STANDOUT STATSJuventus have won their opening mat...
La U already working to keep Aránguiz
Universidad de Chile is clear about its plans for Charles Aránguiz, who continues to keep the club uncertain about his future.As journalist Cristián Caamaño reported on Puntapié Inicial on Radio A...
Celtic Urged to Sack Martin O’Neill After Ferencvaros Defeat
Celtic is a massive club. And because it’s so big and always expected to win everything, its fanbase is that passionate. After the match against Ferencvaros, the club has been urged to sack manager Martin O’Neill.O’Neill is considered a club legend, but that does not exempt him from judgment and criticism when necessary. That is […] The post Celtic Urged to Sack Martin O’Neill After Ferencvaros Defeat appeared first on HEAVY.
The Streak Chivas Femenil Will Look to Extend Against Tijuana
Chivas Femenil's mission in Matchday 8 of the Apertura 2026 is clear: get back on track with a win against Xolos at Estadio Caliente. The Tapatío side is already preparing for the clash on the border...
New York Yankees Urged to Make Bold Paul Goldschmidt Decision
The New York Yankees, much like all the other postseason teams in MLB, will have to make tough decisions when it comes to their October roster. It’s a 26-man roster in October across MLB, and no team can carry more than 13 pitchers. How a club opts to round out its roster is entirely up […] The post New York Yankees Urged to Make Bold Paul Goldschmidt Decision appeared first on HEAVY.
Special GaloCast with Bernard airs this Friday
Galo fans will have a special meeting with Bernard this Friday (18). Starting at 2 PM, the number 11 shirt will be the guest of a special edition of GaloCast, in a program that will cover the striker�...
Details: Real Madrid’s plan for Man United sensation JJ Gabriel
An insight into the plans of those behind the scenes at La Liga giants Real Madrid to integrate JJ Gabriel into the club’s setup has come to the fore online.This of course comes amid an ongoing purs...