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A quake on Mars may have set these rocks rolling
Fresh boulder tracks on Mars could reveal how a quake shook the planet and help scientists detect future tremors from orbit.
Rosalind Franklin had seen the helix: A forgotten photograph rewrites the history of DNA’s structure
Notes by the scientist pointing to a helical structure once again challenge the distorted account of her role in the discovery
Nuclear traces in whales' teeth help scientists reconstruct their life stories
New analysis of traces of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing trapped in the teeth of stranded whales has helped scientists reconstruct their life stories.
Did you know Uranus has rings? The story of how scientists made a huge discovery by accident – and triggered an emergency response in the process | BBC Sky at Night Magazine
The story of how astronomers discovered rings around the planet Uranus, as told by one of the team on a long-haul flight that day.
Techno-optimistic scientists take fewer climate actions, study finds
Scientists who believe technology will largely solve the problems caused by climate change are 23% less likely to engage in civic climate action and 18% less likely to make high-impact lifestyle changes ...
Argonne Uses AI Agents to Get Closer to Self-Driving Microscopes
Scientists often wait months to get their hands on some of the world’s most powerful research instruments, such as state-of-the-art microscopes. At facilities like Argonne National Laboratory’s Advanced Photon Source, these machines allow researchers to use extremely bright X-rays to study materials at microscopic scales. Once they get access to such instruments, every hour counts. […]
What If You Perfectly Remembered Every Day of Your Life? Turns Out, It’s Not So Nice.
One teenager’s mind replays the past 5 to 7 hours a day. Scientists just discovered what that costs him.
The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology Went to a Technique That Lets Scientists Control the Brain With Light
Neuroscientific advances follow a pattern of visualizing the brain, measuring its function and then controlling it. Optogenetics may lead to a new era of medical treatment.
Scientists Dismissed a Theory of Consciousness for 40 Years. New Evidence Suggests They Spoke Too Soon.
The quantum theory of consciousness long seemed like a radical idea, but growing evidence is making some neuroscientists take a second look.
Blog: Largest 2D Map of the Universe Helps Scientists Discover New Cosmic Magnifying Glasses The DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys are helping scientists compile a growing sample of confirmed gravitational lenses
Largest 2D Map of the Universe Helps Scientists Discover New Cosmic Magnifying Glasses
Jonathan Rivnay receives Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists
Soft bioelectronics and living pharmacy devices recognized with prestigious award and $250,000 prize
Scientists Dismissed a Theory of Consciousness for 40 Years. New Evidence Suggests They Spoke Too Soon.
The quantum theory of consciousness long seemed like a radical idea, but growing evidence is making some neuroscientists take a second look.
Webb finds a surprising atmosphere on a scorching lava world
The James Webb Space Telescope has found strong evidence that the rocky lava world HD 3167 b has an atmosphere, despite circling its star every 24 hours under extreme heat. The surprising discovery could help scientists understand how rocky planets retain atmospheres and what the young, molten Earth may once have looked like.
Scientists changed how zoo lions eat. Their wild side came out
Giving zoo lions whole carcasses on a feast-and-fast schedule appears to bring out more natural behavior. The lions spent nearly three times longer feeding, engaged in more tearing and manipulating of food, and rested more heavily after meals. Their activity then increased gradually during the fasting period, closely resembling the rhythm seen in wild lions.
Informanté on Instagram: "Namibia wins two medals at international science fair Staff Reporter NAMIBIAN learners Guillermo Melando and Thobias Gabriel have won silver and bronze medals respectively at the 46th Eskom Expo International Science Fair in Johannesburg, South Africa, where young scientists and innovators from 11 countries showcased research and technological innovations. The fair was held from 28 September to 2 October 2026 and brought together 323 young scientists, innovators and problem-solvers from South Africa and international delegations. Melando won a silver medal in Agricultural Sciences, while Gabriel received a bronze medal in Engineering. Full story: https://infor
1 likes, 0 comments - informante_news on October 7, 2026: "Namibia wins two medals at international science fair Staff Reporter NAMIBIAN learners Guillermo Melando and Thobias Gabriel have won silver and bronze medals respectively at the 46th Eskom Expo International Science Fair in Johannesburg, South Africa, where young scientists and innovators from 11 countries showcased research and technological innovations. The fair was held from 28 September to 2 October 2026 and brought together 323 young scientists, innovators and problem-solvers from South Africa and international delegations. Melando won a silver medal in Agricultural Sciences, while Gabriel received a bronze medal in Engineering. Full story: https://informante.web.na/?p=401940 Photos: National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (NCRST)".
New X-ray Technique Helps Scientists Watch Quantum Materials Respond to Laser Pulses
Argonne researchers developed an X-ray imaging technique to track silicon carbide’s response to ultrafast laser pulses.
French, Japanese scientists share Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Henri B. Kagan and Kenso Soai won the Nobel Prize in chemistry Wednesday for their discovery of non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Kagan and Soai
The prize was given to the French and Japanese scientists for solving the mystery of life's asymmetry.
Scientists discovered a crocodile they never knew existed
CT scans helped determine that the fossil unearthed in Egypt came from a distinctly different ancient species.
Nobel Prize in chemistry set to be awarded in Stockholm
Last year, three scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their development of new molecular structures that can trap vast quantities of gas inside.
Scientists Urge Consumers to Stop Buying Products Made From Antarctic Krill
A new global boycott comes as major retailers withdraw krill products from their shelves to protect whales and other marine life.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Set to Be Awarded in Stockholm
STOCKHOLM (AP) — The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences will award the Nobel Prize in chemistry Wednesday in Stockholm. Last year, three scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their development of new molecular structures that can trap vast quantities of gas inside, laying the groundwork to ...
Scientists who put faith in technology less likely to take climate action
‘Techno-optimism’ may lead to reliance on unproven solutions at expense of societal changes needed
Scientists name ancient crocodile species found in rock that built the Great Sphinx
Scientists say they have identified an extinct crocodile species from about 45 million years ago in the limestone formation used to sculpt the Great Sphinx of Giza.
Scientists Find Major Flaws in The Research Behind Collagen Supplements
There's more to the story.
Stand Up for Science to Rally Scientists & University Leaders in Support of Academic Freedom Tomorrow
Virtual rally features speakers from SUNY & SUFS; calls on university leadership to defend academic freedom.
Stand Up for Science to Rally Scientists & University Leaders in Support of Academic Freedom Tomorrow
Virtual rally features speakers from SUNY & SUFS; calls on university leadership to defend academic freedom.
PHOTO: Bubbling with science
Members of the Sunnyside High School Science Club help young scientists create giant bubbles as the club’s Water Science Camp comes to a close on Sept. 26, 2026, in Sunnyside,
Nobel prize in physics 2026: high energy cosmic neutrinos
Second up for the 2026 Nobel Prizes was the award for physics. And this year it went to just one scientist, Francis Halzen. The Belgian physicist won the prize based on his work on the IceCube detector that observes ghostly particles called neutrinos. Science editor Ian Sample tells host Madeleine Finlay how Halzen came up with the brilliant idea to use sensors buried in the ice to detect these extraterrestrial particles.
Seven Things Scientists Learned In 100 Years
And the one huge question we still haven't answered!
Scientists Create Hexagonal Packed Ice At Extreme Pressures
One of the problems with planetary science is that you generally cannot easily investigate the exact conditions in their interior, so you’re left to extrapolate what is happening inside them …
Patrick Star? Scientists discover 57 new deep-sea species
The sea star was documented on the seafloor of the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon, off Argentina. The post Patrick Star? Scientists discover 57 new deep-sea species appeared first on Talker.
‘A Mother’s Brain’ explores the neuroscience of motherhood
Neuroscientist Susana Carmona’s book guides readers through a new mom’s changing brain.
Scientists Just Found a Strange Link Between Cats and Happiness
Countries with more cats tended to report higher happiness, while greater exposure to a common cat parasite was linked to lower scores.
Charm Security Appoints Dr. Elizabeth Huppert as Behavioral Science Director
Former JPMorgan Chase Vice President and Behavioral Scientist joins to advance behavioral science in agentic AI for fraud, scams, and cybercrime.NEW YORK, NY / ACCESS Newswire / October 6, 2026 / Security today announced the appointment of Dr.
Scientists Finally Tested Whether Leftovers Actually Taste Better the Next Day
In a blind taste test, butter chicken was the only dish people clearly preferred the next day. Lasagna, sadly, was basically a wash.
Scientist who hunts mysterious ghost particles in the Antarctic ice wins Nobel Prize for physics
Francis Halzen said it was predicted that he would win the prize, but the announcement still made him feel “strange.” The 82-year-old scientist is affiliated with the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the U.S.
Scientists discover 57 new marine species lurking in the depths of the South Atlantic
A group of scientists in Argentina discovered dozens of new species in the South Atlantic Ocean, shedding new light on one of the world’s most biologically dynamic regions.
Scientists discover 57 new marine species lurking in the depths of the South Atlantic
A group of scientists in Argentina discovered dozens of new species in the South Atlantic Ocean, shedding new light on one of the world’s most biologically dynamic regions.
Scientists discover 57 new marine species lurking in the depths of the South Atlantic
A group of scientists in Argentina discovered dozens of new species in the South Atlantic Ocean, shedding new light on one of the world’s most biologically dynamic regions.
Scientists discover 57 new marine species lurking in the depths of the South Atlantic
A group of scientists in Argentina discovered dozens of new species in the South Atlantic Ocean, shedding new light on one of the world’s most biologically dynamic regions.
Scientists discover 57 new marine species lurking in the depths of the South Atlantic
A group of scientists in Argentina discovered dozens of new species in the South Atlantic Ocean, shedding new light on one of the world’s most biologically dynamic regions.
Scientists discover 57 new marine species lurking in the depths of the South Atlantic
A group of scientists in Argentina discovered dozens of new species in the South Atlantic Ocean, shedding new light on one of the world’s most biologically dynamic regions.
Scientists finally understand why Antarctica froze long before the Arctic - Futura-Sciences
The research shows that the creation of an escarpment, plateau, and mountain region in East Antarctica produced the high terrain needed for snow and ice to build up. The process began when Antarctica and Africa started pulling apart during the Jurassic Period, between 201 and 143 million years ago. Powerful...
This Muskegon exhibit reveals the artistry and science behind observing nature up close
From detailed natural history illustrations to specimens drawn straight from the collection, the exhibit offers something for budding scientists, artists, and curious minds exploring how we document the world around us.
Answering the God-of-the-Gaps Objection
Critics of intelligent design or science-based theistic arguments often cite Isaac Newton as the prime example of a scientist who made this blunder.
Is it possible to preserve your memories before dying? The science is moving beyond science fiction
For most of history, preserving someone’s memories after death meant relying on photographs, letters, stories and the recollections of other people. Technology is now pushing that idea much further. Scientists can record parts of brain activity linked to memory, researchers are mapping the neural networks that store experiences, and digital systems can preserve enormous amounts of a person’s voice, writing, images and personal history. That still falls far short of copying a mind. No technology
AIAS+ 2026 Brings Leading Scientists to San Francisco to Explore How AI Is Changing Scientific Discovery
The Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute will bring leading scientists, AI researchers, engineers and innovators to San Francisco November 5–7 for AIAS+ 2026: AI Advancing Science & Society, a three-day symposium focused on one of the most consequential questions facing research today: How can artificial intelligence help scientists move beyond analyzing what is already known and accelerate new discovery?
Scientists develop new X-ray technique to watch quantum materials respond to laser pulses
Argonne scientists have developed a new X-ray imaging technique that reveals how silicon carbide responds to ultrafast laser pulses. The work provides new insight into creating quantum defects exactly where scientists want them — a longstanding goal for scalable quantum technologies.
Goodbye joint replacements? Stanford scientists found a way to regrow cartilage and stop arthritis
Scientists have found a surprising way to regrow damaged knee cartilage by blocking a protein that becomes more abundant with age. In old mice, the treatment restored naturally lost cartilage and also helped prevent osteoarthritis after ACL-like knee injuries, while human cartilage taken from knee replacement patients began producing new, functional joint cartilage after exposure to the same inhibitor.
Scientists Find a Hidden Network of Tiny Channels The Brain May Use to Flush Out Toxic Alzheimer's Proteins
Toxic proteins need an exit.
Scientists Find a Hidden Network of Tiny Channels The Brain May Use to Flush Out Toxic Alzheimer's Proteins
Toxic proteins need an exit.
Francis Halzen wins Nobel Prize in physics for work on high-energy neutrinos from space
The 82-year-old scientist, originally from Belgium, is affiliated with the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research into capturing neutrinos at the South Pole dates back to the 1980s.
Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Francis Halzen for ice research
Scientist Francis Halzen won the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm announced on Tuesday.
In Race With U.S., China Struggles to Recruit Foreign A.I. Researchers
China’s booming artificial intelligence sector has given local researchers good reason to remain in the country, but it has yet to lure overseas scientists despite a government push.
Wildfire smoke affects animals in unique ways. Scientists are trying to understand it
The new field of "smoke ecology" examines how wildfire smoke perturbs wild places and animals — and what might be done to prevent its worst mayhem.
Nobel Prize in Physics to Be Awarded in Stockholm
STOCKHOLM (AP) — The Nobel Prize in physics will be announced Tuesday by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. Last year, three scientists won the Nobel Prize in physics for research on the strange behavior of subatomic particles called quantum tunneling that enabled the ...
Switching on brain cells: The Nobel-winning science of optogenetics
In optogenetics, scientists control neurons by stimulating them with light—potentially unlocking breakthroughs for conditions such as dementia, depression and blindness.
Scientists find planet made on new matter recipe, and it formed after a Red Giant ate a solar system
Death of a star may not be game over for the inner solar system after all
Why So Many Social Science Claims Are False
One of the most urgent questions facing society today is the potential impact of AI on education and labor markets. So it’s no surprise that two scientists attempted to provide
Scientists Discover 57 New Species in Atlantic Ocean, Including One That Shares a Name with a Marvel Character
The newly identified species include sea cucumbers, corals, and crustaceans
Scientists finally see how nature moves energy so efficiently
Researchers have captured key steps in a chemical reaction that helps nature transfer energy with remarkable efficiency. Ultrafast X-rays revealed how changes involving electrons and protons are closely linked to the rearrangement of surrounding water molecules. Because similar reactions drive photosynthesis and other energy-conversion processes, the technique could help scientists develop better catalysts, fuel cells, and flow batteries.
Marfan Foundation Convenes Global Scientists in Barcelona to Advance Research on Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, VEDS and Related Conditions
The Marfan Foundation brings scientists from 23 countries to Barcelona to share research that may lead to new treatments and better quality of life for people with Marfan, Loeys-Dietz and VEDS.
Your Brain Under Anesthesia Behaves Surprisingly Like a Worm's, Scientists Discover
A shared experience of oblivion.
California scientist wins a Nobel Prize, then makes school lunches for his kids
STANFORD, California (AP) — Dr. Karl Deisseroth spent hours fielding congratulatory calls after learning early Monday that he had won a Nobel Prize for medicine for helping to open a new field of brain science called optogenetics.
California scientist wins a Nobel Prize, then makes school lunches for his kids
Dr. Karl Deisseroth spent hours fielding congratulatory calls after learning that he had won a Nobel Prize for medicine for helping to open a new field of brain science called optogenetics.
Scientists may have seen dark matter. If they did, what exactly is it?
One theory points to a long-awaited supersymmetric particle called a ‘higgsino.’ But that idea has some issues.
1.2K views · 22 reactions | Nobel Prize 2026 explained: the...
Nobel Prize 2026 explained: the breakthrough that lets scientists switch brain cells on and off with light. Known as optogenetics, this technology helps researchers map the brain and uncover the...
Nutritional countermeasures to spaceflight studied at URI
KINGSTON, R.I. – Oct. 5, 2026 – As humans spend longer periods of time in outer space and venture further from Earth, it’s increasingly important for scientists to learn how varied gravity levels affect muscle function and muscle loss, and how those effects can be counteracted or minimized. Theodoros Pavlidis, a second-year doctoral student who […]
New York and American Democracy: A Conversation with Christina Greer
Noted political scientist will unpack urban politics and public policy with Professor Mitchell Moss - Oct. 20 at NYU Wagner
Nobel medicine prize goes to 3 scientists for research into brain activity
The Nobel Prize in medicine has been awarded to three scientists whose work led to a tool that uses light to help unravel how the brain works
FSU data scientist receives NSF CAREER Award to develop AI model to analyze complex numerical data at scale
A Florida State University artificial intelligence and data scientist has earned one of the most prestigious early career faculty awards to develop a new
Can we harness the brain's deep-cleaning system to prevent Alzheimer's?
The glymphatic system is the brain's recently discovered network for flushing out toxins. Now, we're uncovering surprising ways to boost it to protect brain health
Scientists seek new ways to protect Sierra Nevada meadows
Sierra Nevada meadows may cover a relatively small portion of the landscape, but scientists say they play an important role in supporting wildlife, storing water and maintaining biodiversity. Researchers and conservationists recently gathered at the...
3 scientists share Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for work in optogenetics
The Nobel Foundation awarded its prize in physiology and medicine Monday to three scientists who researched how nerve cells affect the brain.
How do professional astronomers book time on JWST or Hubble?
Proposals are submitted annually by scientists who wish to use these facilities, and are reviewed by the Telescope Allocation Committee.
Nobel for medicine awarded to 3 scientists for work that helps map the brain
A method that controls nerve signals with light, developed by an American and two Germans, has provided greater understanding of Alzheimer’s and is used in efforts to restore sight.
Scientists Created a Computer Inside a Water Drop Using Billions of DNA Molecules and It Worked
You won’t believe it, but DNA molecules can turn even a tiny drop of water into a computer.
Should Aging Be Called a Disease? Scientists Are Rethinking What It Means to Grow Older
What if the next big target in medicine is getting older itself? Researchers are taking that possibility seriously, with new tools, new clinics, and growing FDA attention. Instead of waiting for diabe...
Scientists Reveal The Optimal Amount of Sleep For Lower Dementia Risk
A huge analysis uncovered the sweet spot.
Why the creative brain feeds on movement
Movement and creativity go hand in hand. Scientists are working to discover why
German and US scientists win Nobel medicine prize for work on light and brain
The physiology or medicine prize traditionally opens the annual Nobel announcements.
Windber institute's data tracking system used by scientists far and wide
Developed by a member of the Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, a system for using data to solve real-world problems caused by cancer is making a mark
Scientists generate identical photons at the push of a button
Researchers from different universities have teamed to generate photon pairs that are 90 percent identical, helping advance quantum communications.
German and US scientists win Nobel medicine prize for work on light and brain
They will share a prize sum of 12 million Swedish crowns ($1.2 million).
Scientists uncover recurrent patterns within chaotic quantum behavior
Many complex quantum systems rapidly lose the recognizable patterns of their initial states as their components interact. To describe patterns of regular and chaotic motion in specific systems, physicists ...
Collaborating with Canadian Scientists on Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Research
I first met Dr. Helen Gurney-Smith in fall 2024, when Dr. Shannon Meseck and I drove just beyond the U.S.-Canada border to the St. Andrews Biological Station in New Brunswick. We went there to study larval sea scallop respiration when exposed to near-future temperature and pH. This past winter, Dr.
Scientists reveal what seven days of fasting does to the human body
Scientists found that prolonged fasting triggers major changes throughout the body, but many of the most interesting effects only appeared after about three days without food. The results suggest fasting may influence health in ways that go beyond weight loss and could eventually inspire treatments that mimic its effects.
Anthropic AI agent uses human scientists as tools, emails 1,500 without instructions
ColonistOne, built on Claude Opus, autonomously contacted researchers to troubleshoot bugs and seek methods, raising concerns over academic spam and AI autonomy
Stanford Professor One Of Three Scientists Awarded The Nobel Prize In Medicine
Stanford professor Karl Deisseroth joins Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel as winners of the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on optogenetics.
Are aliens real? Here’s what science can and can’t prove
Some scientists believe the sheer number of stars, planets and potentially habitable environments in space makes extraterrestrial life plausible. But plausibility is not proof. Despite decades of sear...
Nobel medicine prize goes to 3 scientists for research into brain activity
The Nobel Assembly praised their method, noting its global use in revealing brain mysteries.
Nobel medicine prize goes to 3 scientists for research into brain activity
The Nobel Assembly praised their method, noting its global use in revealing brain mysteries.
UConn Scientists’ Startup Seeks to Advance Women’s Reproductive Healthcare
'Historically, women’s health has received insufficient attention in medical research and testing'
Nobel medicine prize goes to 3 scientists for research into brain activity
The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded Monday to three scientists working on the mechanisms the brain uses to switch on, or off, the activity of individual nerve cells.
Yale School of Medicine On the Science of Childhood Anxiety, Say, Anxiety Disorders Are the Most Common Mental Health Challenges In Youth
Credit: Matt Bradbury October 5, 2026 - By Isabella Backman - Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health challenges in youth. Left untreated, they can disrupt the lives of both children and their families. The good news is that with intervention, most children will overcome these conditions. Across Yale School of Medicine, scientists are working to understand anxiety at every level, from common anxious behaviors to molecular biomarkers in the brain. They are using their findings to develop and disseminate new evidence-based treatments for childhood anxiety. Today, the go-to treatment for childhood anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This is a form of psychotherapy that teaches children skills for confronting anxious thoughts and helps them practice managing situations that cause anxiety. While it is the gold-standard treatment backed by considerable scientific evidence, up to 50% of children will not see sufficient benefit from CBT alone. Wendy Silverman, PhD, Alfred A. Messer Professor in the Child Study Center, co-directs the Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program alongside Eli Lebowitz, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center. One of their main interests is learning how to improve outcomes beyond CBT. “We’re developing cutting-edge, research-based knowledge that can reduce the suffering that anxiety causes children and their families,” says Silverman. Changing parent behavior YSM experts are investigating how to improve CBT outcomes for children by involving the parents. Silverman’s research has uncovered two main components of parent intervention that improve childhood anxiety: not enabling children to completely avoid the things that make them anxious and taking steps to enhance their autonomy. Parents may unintentionally reinforce their child’s anxiety by allowing them to avoid what makes them anxious. They also may unintentionally limit the children’s sense of autonomy by being overly intrusive. “One of the things that we take pride in is that we’ve focused on trying to understand what parents need to do, and to test our ideas and see if changing the parents’ behaviors is enhancing the effects of CBT,” Silverman says. “Our findings thus far suggest that they do." As much as CBT can be helpful, it can also be challenging to get one’s child to do the necessary steps for CBT to work. This is one important reason why Lebowitz created a novel intervention program for parents named Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE). Existing intervention programs often teach parents to act as therapists for their child, such as training them on how to practice breathing exercises. “It makes sense, but this doesn’t work very well in practice,” says Lebowitz. “And part of the reason, I think, is that it’s not easy to get your kid to do things, especially if they’re not excited about doing it.” SPACE is unique because it focuses entirely on parent involvement and changing parental behavior—children are not involved in the sessions. For example, parents learn how to use supportive messages that convey confidence that their child can tolerate and manage distress. “It might sound like a parent saying to a child, ‘I get that this is really hard for you, but I know that you can handle it,’” Lebowitz says. The program also works with parents to identify the ways in which they are accommodating anxious behaviors. “We’ll pick one thing that parents are doing that is an accommodation and help them make a detailed plan for how they’re going to change that,” Lebowitz explains. Treating Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Much of the existing research on SPACE has focused on parents of children under age 14. Ongoing studies are now exploring its use with parents of older teens. “Both anxiety and accommodation can interfere with normative developmental shifts during the teen years, including increased autonomy and individuation from parents,” says Rebecca Etkin, PhD, associate research scientist in the Child Study Center. “In this sense, SPACE may be particularly well-suited for anxious teens and their parents. We want to see whether it is effective during this distinct developmental window.” Unfortunately, many families in need of CBT face barriers, including limited availability of services and geographic constraints. One way to improve access is digital interventions. Silverman and her team are developing an evidence-based digitized intervention program for parents that they can access directly from their computer or smart phone. “The work we’re doing will be one of the very few parent interventions that is digitized and importantly tested for effectiveness,” she says. Creating interventions for anxiety-related challenges Silverman and Lebowitz recently received a generous gift to develop and test other interventions that help parents reduce other child anxiety-related behavioral and emotional difficulties, such as restrictive eating and unexplained somatic symptoms. One of these projects in particular focuses on understanding the risks of social media and its potential benefits, including offering a sense of connection. “A lot of research has focused on the idea that social media is harmful and the less of it the better,” says Lebowitz. “But we actually see is that this is not quite right—there are negatives, but there are also positives. So, we’re trying to get a little bit more nuanced of a picture.” The team is working with teens with social anxiety and their parents over an extended period to better understand their social media habits and how their anxiety levels affect engagement with different platforms. The teens will answer questions sent to an app on their phones about mood and social media usage in an effort to capture emotional responses as they unfold. “We hope to develop interventions that can help make the best of social media while protecting against the more problematic effects,” Lebowitz says. The brain’s role in anxiety Researchers are also testing therapies to address anxiety at the neurological and molecular levels. In collaboration with Dylan Gee, PhD, professor of psychology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Hilary Blumberg, MD, John and Hope Furth Professor of Psychiatric Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine, Lebowitz and Silverman are using brain imaging to identify changes in a child’s brain before and after parents enroll in SPACE. In one study, children viewed anxiety-inducing images while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the researchers conducted scans with and without the children’s parents nearby. Before SPACE, children’s brains were better able to activate the regulatory circuitry needed to turn off an anxious response when their parents were nearby. But after SPACE, children could activate this circuitry even without the parent around. “As parents work on gradually reducing some of their accommodations, you can see a child get better at regulating their own fear system in the brain,” Lebowitz says. “It’s remarkable.” Research into the molecular underpinnings of anxiety can also inform new childhood anxiety treatments. In a recent study, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Flora Vaccarino, MD, Harris Professor in the Child Study Center, discovered that a protein known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) could be protective from the toxic effects of stress. FGF2 levels in children and their parents were linked to the children’s risk of developing anxiety and depression, the study showed. The findings could help explain why some children who are exposed to early life trauma such as poverty or abuse are more prone to developing mental health disorders. And FGF2 could be a target for treatment. “This is very novel because it starts to give a clue to what is the molecular chain that connects those lived experiences to the actual psychological outcomes,” Lebowitz says. New ways to study and treat childhood anxiety Michael Crowley, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center, collaborates with Silverman and Lebowitz to study the role that attention plays in development and maintenance of childhood anxiety. There is a large body of research that shows that anxious children, like anxious adults, are prone to focus on threatening stimuli such as angry faces compared with neutral faces. This has led to innovative interventions that involve attention retraining. The idea is that if experts train children to look away from threatening stimuli, it may reduce their anxiety—especially children with social anxiety who are most prone to attend to threats. The researchers have just completed a clinical trial for attention retraining with 10- to 14-year-olds with social anxiety disorders and are currently analyzing the findings. Besides this innovative attention retraining research, as Crowly notes, “I like to design tasks that are engaging to kids,” Crowley says. “My goal is to assess something without the kids knowing what we are assessing.” With this goal in mind, Crowley has created a virtual game, named Boom, to study threat processing in children with anxiety disorders. The game is similar to that of hot potato—the child and three digital players take turns virtually passing a ball to each other’s gloves. At some point, the ball turns into a bomb, and as the bomb lands in each player’s glove, the outline of the glove turns yellow. The goal is to avoid having the bomb go off in your glove. What isn’t obvious is that the game is designed to measure different types of threatening stimuli, both ambiguous and direct. In the game, the direct threat occurs as the bomb is traveling towards your glove. The ambiguous threat is the yellow outlined glove as it is unknown where the bomb will travel next. While children play the game, Crowley’s team measures their brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The researchers have discovered that in kids with anxiety, the brain reacts more strongly to ambiguous threats than it does in their peers, but less strongly to direct threats. They believe that the initial abnormally large brain response to not knowing where the bomb is going impairs the brain's ability to properly respond when the threat is actually traveling the child’s way. “The brains of children with anxiety are unable to differentiate between threats you need to do something about and those that are not your problem.” Michael Crowley, PhD, develops innovative games for studying anxiety in children and adolescents.Credit: Matt Bradbury Based on these insights, Crowley hopes to study whether interventions like attention training could restore appropriate threat processing. Crowley’s team is also working on a test called the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task, which evaluates risk-taking and avoidance behaviors. It features a digital balloon that is full of air and about to burst. Kids have six seconds to let air out of the balloon. The more air they let out, the less risk they face that the balloon will pop. But at the same time, the balloon becomes less valuable as it deflates. “The more air you keep in the balloon, the more points you get,” Crowley explains. So far, the researchers have found that when the balloons pop unexpectedly, teens with social anxiety show distinct brain responses. Studying these responses can help psychologists understand the underlying pathways driving the various manifestations of anxiety. The genetics of anxiety When Thomas Fernandez, MD, associate professor in the Child Study Center and of psychiatry, was still in training, there was a lot of excitement about understanding the genetics associated with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, scientists have identified around 250 genes associated with autism. The genetic contribution to anxiety disorders, on the other hand, has historically received less attention. Anxiety is less heritable than autism, but the genetic contribution for anxiety disorders that emerge in childhood may be higher than for anxiety disorders overall. While scientists estimate the heritability of anxiety disorders in general to be around 30% to 50%, some studies suggest higher heritability for certain childhood-onset anxiety presentations. “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism,” Fernandez says. “So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism. So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” Thomas Fernandez, MD Associate Professor In the Child Study Center and in Psychiatry Now, Fernandez and Emily Olfson, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Child Study Center, are studying children and their parents to identify genetic changes that are present in the child but not the parents, known as “de novo mutations.” “All of us have some de novo mutations—maybe about 50 to 100 sprinkled throughout the genome,” Olfson says. “But when they occur within the coding regions of genes, they can be really disruptive.” Previous research shows that people with autism have higher rates of damaging de novo mutations than the general population. In 2022, Olfson, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Fernandez published a study on 68 children and their families that found that children with anxiety had similarly high levels of these mutations. Studying de novo mutations can help point the researchers to where they should be looking for genes associated with anxiety. “The end game is using the genes to steer us toward the right part of biology that we can then target to come up with better treatments,” Fernandez says. Building on those findings, the team is now studying more families to better understand how these de novo mutations, along with other genetic and environmental factors, shape pediatric anxiety disorders. They recently received a National Institutes of Health grant to enroll 750 new families over the next five years. Olfson is the principal investigator, with co-investigators Lebowitz, Fernandez, Silverman, and Shuangge Steven Ma, PhD, department chair and professor of biostatistics at Yale School of Public Health. Neurodevelopment, Risk Genes, and Mental Health Conditions - The Olfson Lab Joel Gelernter, MD, Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry, is interested in how different anxiety disorders differ genomically. “We are studying social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, working to understand why people differ in their risk to these specific anxiety disorders and evaluating various risk factors,” he says. Gelernter was recently involved in one of the largest studies to date of the genomics underlying anxiety disorder. The study included around 122,000 people with anxiety disorders and around 730,000 without. It found that some genetic differences associated with anxiety were linked to signaling that helps reduce overactivity in the nervous system. Many anxiety medications available today work by targeting this process. “It’s nice when the biology that you get out of a large genome-wide study ratifies things that we already know because that can help increase confidence in further findings from the study,” Gelernter says. Uncovering the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders John Krystal, MD, Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research and chair of the Department of Psychiatry, is interested in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of which anxiety is a major symptom. In the late 1980s, Krystal’s team discovered that the drug yohimbine activated symptoms in patients with PTSD. “This was the first time we could link a specific biological mechanism to the symptoms of PTSD,” Krystal says. At the time, he adds, this finding was highly controversial. “A lot of people felt that PTSD was a purely psychological syndrome that didn’t have an underlying biology.” Since then, Krystal has dived deep into understanding the neurobiology of PTSD to learn how to better treat it. His team is evaluating the use of ketamine and psychedelics. These would be among the first treatments to be developed specifically for PTSD. They may also be applicable for other disorders including anxiety disorders, Krystal adds. An important gap in PTSD treatment is the absence of biological tests that inform how to best help patients manage their PTSD symptoms. A doctor doesn’t diagnose cancer based on how they feel. Rather, they use tests of the biology of the cancer to determine the best course of treatment. “And we can’t do that in any psychiatric disorder other than Alzheimer’s disease,” Krystal says. “But now we are building a foundation for this approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders for the first time.” Source: Yale School of Medicine
Nobel medicine prize goes to 3 scientists for research into brain activity
The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded Monday to three scientists working on the mechanisms the brain uses to switch on, or off, the activity of individual nerve cells.
Nobel medicine prize goes to 3 scientists for research into brain activity
The Nobel committee lauded their work, writing on X that the method “is now being used in laboratories around the world to reveal the brain’s mysteries.”