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'Big Short' Michael Burry warns Nvidia risk could be 'catastrophic'
Michael Burry of "The Big Short" fame warned of a "troubling" surge in Nvidia's purchase obligations to $95 billion, labeling it a "risky position."
The Trump EPA’s Endangerment Finding Repeal: Wrong on Statute, Deceptive on Science, Reckless on Impacts
On February 12, the Trump Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized its repeal of the Endangerment Finding, which establishes EPA’s statutory obligation to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. Alongside, EPA also repealed the associated vehicle greenhouse gas emissions standards. This action
Why Are So Many Teen Girls Still Tearing Their A.C.L.s?
For years, ligament tears have been a crisis among young athletes — even though a few simple exercises can prevent them.
Kayhi students dive into all things oceanic in this marine science club
The Sabertooth Smolts, the Junior Varsity team, wrote their research paper about the ooligan, a little fish that used to be found in abundance in Ketchikan before the fishery crashed 20 years ago.
Will team owner greed prevail over the public good in Ohio sports facility financing? Editorial
At a minimum, any publicly funded gilding of the Guardians’ and Cavs’ resources for facility upgrades should be paired with a required renegotiating of the facility leases to take local taxpayers off the hook for any further obligation to pay for repairs and upgrades, writes the editorial board of The Plain Dealer and cleveland.com.
Watch NATO Hunts Submarines in Arctic to Show Trump It Means Business
NATO forces are practicing hunting Russian submarines in the Arctic, the latest show of commitment to a skeptical Donald Trump. Ellen Milligan explains what's at stake.
🚨 Line-ups announced for Cruz Azul v Chivas
This Saturday, Cruz Azul hosts Chivas to compete in Matchday 7 of the Liga MX, a duel in which the team led by Nicolás Larcamón will seek to halt the perfect run of Milito's Rebaño, the leader of t...
Justice Department says interim US attorney is fired hours after Virginia judges appoint him to replace Trump loyalist
Just hours after the federal judges in the Eastern District of Virginia appointed a new interim US attorney to replace Trump loyalist Lindsey Halligan, the administration said he is fired.
Business Restructuring Review
In This Issue: The Year in Bankruptcy: 2025 A brief chronicle of the year's notable developments in corporate bankruptcy and restructuring, including business bankruptcy filings, significant court rulings, and legislative developments. [read more …] U.S. Bankruptcy Court Denies Chapter 15 Recognition of Maltese Liquidation Absent Evidence of Meaningful Activities Supporting Finding of COMI or Establishment in Malta In In re Geden Holdings, Ltd., No. 25-90138, 2025 WL 2484883 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. Aug. 28, 2025), stay pending appeal denied, No. 25-90138, 2026 WL 97993 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. Jan. 13, 2026), the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas ruled that, for purposes of recognition under chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code, although a foreign debtor may have had its center of main interests ("COMI") or an establishment in Malta when a liquidation proceeding was commenced for it in a Maltese court in 2017, the absence of any meaningful activity by the debtor's liquidator from that time until the liquidator filed a chapter 15 petition in the United States more than five years later meant that the debtor had neither a COMI nor an establishment in Malta on the chapter 15 petition date. The court accordingly denied the petition for recognition. [read more …] The Ninth Circuit's Expansive Reading of "Financial Accommodations" that Cannot Be Assumed or Assigned in Bankruptcy It is generally well understood that agreements to extend credit or provide financing to a debtor cannot be assumed or assigned in bankruptcy. Even so, the provision of the Bankruptcy Code that precludes assumption or assignment—section 365(c)(2)—also extends to "financial accommodations," a term that is not defined in the Bankruptcy Code and has been the subject of relatively few bankruptcy and appellate court rulings. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit examined the meaning of the term in In re Svenhard's Swedish Bakery, 154 F.4th 1100 (9th Cir. 2025). The court of appeals ruled that a deeply discounted settlement of pension plan withdrawal liability is a "financial accommodation" that cannot be assumed or assigned, thereby extending the reach of section 365(c)(2) well beyond conventional lending arrangements. [read more …] Pennsylvania District Court Applies "Hypothetical Test" in Determining that Patent License Agreement Is Assignable in Bankruptcy In Crivella Holdings Ltd. v. Mesearch Media Technologies Ltd., No. 2:25-cv-333, 2025 WL 2443400 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 25, 2025), the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania affirmed a bankruptcy court ruling denying a software licensor's motion for relief from the automatic stay to terminate the license agreement. The court found the license was assumable in bankruptcy under the Third Circuit's hypothetical test as a result of language in the agreement stating that it could be assigned to a "successor in interest" of the debtor without the licensor's further consent, thereby overriding federal patent law's general prohibition against the assignment of patents. [read more …] New York Bankruptcy Court Denies Motion to Terminate Chapter 15 Recognition and Dismiss Chapter 15 Case In In re Oi S.A., No. 23-10193 (LGB), 2025 WL 2806591 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. Oct. 1, 2025), the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York considered whether chapter 15 recognition of a debtor's Brazilian restructuring proceeding should be terminated and the case dismissed due to the debtors' financial deterioration and inability to satisfy its restructuring plan obligations after entry of the recognition order. The court denied the motion, concluding that recognition of the Brazilian proceeding and a court-approved restructuring plan for the debtors should not be terminated under section 1519(d) of the Bankruptcy Code—according to the court, the sole authority for revocation of chapter 15 recognition—because, among other things, the restructuring proceeding was still pending, the debtors might still need relief authorized under chapter 15, and the debtors' prospects for reorganizing under a hypothetical chapter 11 case were uncertain at best. It also found that no provision of the Bankruptcy Code authorizes the dismissal of a chapter 15 case. [read more …] Newsworthy Effective January 1, 2026, Jones Day welcomed Isel M. Perez (Miami), Andrew M. Butler (New York), Sid Pepels (Amsterdam), and Anna C. Bretting (Munich) to the partnership in the Business Restructuring & Reorganization Practice. Sid Pepels (Amsterdam) has been nominated for the Future Leader Award by the Global Restructuring Review, an organization that acknowledges and honors excellence within the global restructuring and insolvency sector. This award is designed to recognize exceptional contributions made by both individuals and firms in the field. The 2026 edition of Chambers UK recognized Ben Larkin (London) in the practice area Restructuring/Insolvency and Adam R. Brown (London) in the practice area Restructuring/Insolvency: Litigation. The 2026 edition of Chambers Asia-Pacific ranked Roger Dobson (Sydney) in the practice area Restructuring/Insolvency. An article written by Corinne Ball (New York) titled "Backstop Fees for Lenders in Chapter 11 Plans: Absent Market Test, Equality of Treatment Now Required in Fifth Circuit After 'ConvergeOne'" was published on November 12, 2025, in the New York Law Journal. An article written by Oliver S. Zeltner (Houston) titled "Delaware Bankruptcy Court: No Legal Authority for Chapter 11 Plan Gatekeeping Provision" was published on November 20, 2025, by Lexis Practical Guidance. An article written by Daniel J. Merrett (Atlanta) titled "First Impressions: Eleventh Circuit Rules that Annulment of Automatic Stay Does Not Violate U.S. Supreme Court's Prohibition of Nunc Pro Tunc Orders" was published on November 21, 2025, by Lexis Practical Guidance. An article written by Genna Ghaul (New York) titled "Iowa District Court: Avoidance Claims Cannot Be Encumbered by Pre-Bankruptcy Liens" was published on November 20, 2025, by Lexis Practical Guidance. An article written by Dan T. Moss (Washington/New York), Corinne Ball (New York), David S. Torborg (Washington), and Ben Rosenblum (New York) titled "New York Bankruptcy Court Rejects Challenge to Barnet Rule Permitting Foreign Debtors to Obtain Chapter 15 Recognition With Only Minimal U.S. Assets" was published on November 21, 2025, by Lexis Practical Guidance. The M&A Advisor has recognized the Silvergate Capital Corporation Bankruptcy case as the Chapter 11 Reorganization of the Year (over $5 billion) during its 20th Annual Turnaround Awards. Jones Day is listed among the professionals for the representation of Exploration Capital, which was led by Joshua M. Mester (Los Angeles). Lawyer Spotlight: Sid Pepels Sid Pepels, a partner in Jones Day's Amsterdam Office, litigates and advises clients on commercial and international insolvency matters, with a focus on complex restructurings and insolvencies. He has advised and litigated high-profile cases, including: the cross-border WHOA (Wet Homologatie Onderhands Akkoord) proceedings concerning Vroon Group and Diebold Nixdorf; proceedings on behalf of expropriated SNS Reaal bond holders against the Dutch State; the bankruptcy of Intertoys, the leading Dutch toys retailer; the restructuring of Oi, the Dutch finance vehicle of the Brazilian telecom giant; and Blokker, the leading Dutch home appliances retailer. Sid holds a Ph.D. in European insolvency law and regularly publishes in academic journals on topics of cross-border insolvency. He has been recognized in The Legal 500 Netherlands and was noted by his peers for being client-minded and a creative thinker with a "strong grasp of the law and strong interpersonal skills." Sid was also nominated for the "Future Leader" award at the Global Restructuring Review Awards 2025. He is a board member for the Netherlands Association for Comparative and International Insolvency Law and a NextGen member of the International Insolvency Institute.
Cruz Azul vs. Tigres live stream, odds: How to watch Liga MX, TV channel
Mexico's most famous soccer rivalry writes its latest chapter on Saturday night
🥐Comebacks, complaints and more: the 5️⃣ Sunday headlines
From Real Madrid's victory in La Liga, to Cristiano Ronaldo's return with a goal, Sunday starts with plenty to talk about. Madrid, leaders and captivatingWithout Mbappé, this Real Madrid showed that ...
Real Madrid vs Real Sociedad, 2026 La Liga: Predicted lineups
Real Madrid host Real Sociedad in what’s expected to be Dani Carvajal’s return to the starting lineup. Valverde could get some rest ahead of the crucial match against Benfica and while he missed a training session this week to get treatment on his knee, Mbappé is set to start. Real Madrid predicted XI: Courtois; Carvajal, […]
📺 Friday football: Bundesliga, Ligue 1, Saudi league and more
JAPANESE CHAMPIONSHIP07:00 - Vissel Kobe vs. V-Varen - YouTube (GOAT)SAUDI CHAMPIONSHIP10:55 - Al-Shabab vs. Al-Ahli - BandSports and YT (GOAT)12:25 - Al-Hilal vs. Al-Ettifaq - YouTube (GOAT)14:30 - A...
Making Sports Work
There are lots of examples where sports isn’t dictated by oligarch whims at everyone else’s expense.
Lindsey Graham Is, to No One’s Surprise, Still the Most Ridiculous Man in Congress
According to a new puff profile in Politico, the senator has “main character energy.” Of course, so did Gilligan and Mr. Ed.
Ballad Health: 300+ patients treated after carbon monoxide leak at Milligan University
ELIZABETHTON, Tenn. (WJHL) — Ballad Health said in a Thursday update that its hospitals have seen more than 300 patients related to a carbon monoxide leak at Milligan University. The leak was disco…
FC Köln sporting director explains plan to lead Bayern Munich loanee Felipe Chávez to the ‘level of the Bundesliga’
Köln are excited to add another player to the squad.
Bundesliga opposition analysis after winter break
How our league rivals have spent the winterThis Friday at 20:30 CET, we finally kick off the 2026 Bundesliga spring season with our home encounter with FK Austria Vienna! Before we get started, let's ...
Shumaker Advisors Federal lifts up with hire of Jodie Moxley-Ramos
The lobbyist boasts experience in aviation from time at Airbus and Ligado Networks.
Top 10 Bundesliga Deadline Day Deals
After a hectic Deadline Day for several Bundesliga clubs, the winter transfer window has now officially closed.While you can find a full list of confirmed Bundesliga transfers here, we’ve highlighte...
Bellingham suffers injury on Real duty
England midfielder Jude Bellingham is substituted with what appears to be a hamstring injury early in Real Madrid's La Liga match against Rayo Vallecano.
Three takeaways from Elche 1-3 Barcelona
Barcelona dominated, but did not demolish Elche last night at Estadio Martinez Valero last night when they faced off on Matchday 22 of La Liga.For the dominance Barcelona had and the chances they crea...
Analysis: 5 early takeaways from the DOJ’s big Epstein files drop
The Justice Department on Friday announced the long-awaited release of an enormous tranche of Jeffrey Epstein files, spanning more than 3 million pages, which it said fufilled its obligations under transparency legislation passed last year.
Fantasy Bundesliga: Scout squads for Matchday 20
Bulinews' Fantasy Bundesliga writers have each put together a squad of 10 outfield players for the upcoming matchday.Managers have full freedom with formations, but squads can’t exceed 110M, can onl...
One Supreme Court Case Is Most Responsible for Our Oligarchy. It’s Not the One You Think.
Whether or not money is the root of all evil, the root of our current American oligarchy is a single Supreme Court case.
Villarreal vs Real Madrid, 2026 La Liga: Predicted lineups
Real Madrid visit Villarreal and they’ll be without Aurelien Tchouameni, who is an undisputed starter in the midfield for Los Blancos. Camavinga will be expected to start in that spot with Carreras set to feature in the starting left-back spot. Real Madrid predicted XI: Courtois; Valverde, Asencio, Huijsen, Carreras; Camavinga, Güler, Bellingham; Mastantuono, Mbappé and […]
Mainz complete Posch signing
Former TSG Hoffenheim defender Stefan Posch has completed his return to the Bundesliga.On Thursday morning, Mainz confirmed the signing of the Austrian international, who joins on loan from Italian si...
Full-length Replay: Chivas de Guadalajara v Querétaro FC
Jornada 4 del Clausura 2026 de la Liga MX Femenil.
Official: Barcelona starting lineup against Slavia Prague
After facing a defeat against Real Sociedad in La Liga, FC Barcelona will be gunning to return to winning ways when they take on Slavia Prague in the UEFA Champions League later tonight.Ahead of kicko...
'All a bit meh' - Hibs season threatening to fizzle out
Sitting fifth in the league with little prospect of catching the top three and out of the Scottish Cup after a dismal display in Dunfermline, this season is threatening to fizzle out for Hibernian. Roll back to the start of term and hopes were high as David Gray's side followed up a third-place finish with three thrilling European tussles, going toe-to-toe with Midtjylland, Partizan Belgrade and Legia Warsaw. Summer recruits Jamie McGrath and Josh Mulligan have brought energy to the midfield, Dan Barlaser offers composure and Miguel Chaiwa has shown glimpses of bustling promise.
Trump-appointed judge tears into Lindsey Halligan’s ‘vitriol’ and calls her leadership a ‘charade’
A federal judge on Tuesday ripped into Lindsey Halligan, President Donald Trump’s personal choice as the top federal prosecutor in the Eastern District of Virginia, after she used unusually sharp language to push back on the judge’s questioning of her authority, saying the “unnecessary rhetoric” had “a level of vitriol more appropriate for a cable news talk show.”
One Year Into Trump 2.0, Elon Musk Is Still Poised to Be Kingmaker
The neofascist tech oligarch was cast out of Trump’s inner circle, but his money and influence are still omnipresent.
Trump says he's pursuing Greenland after perceived Nobel Peace Prize snub
"Considering your Country decided not to give me the Nobel Peace Prize… I no longer feel an obligation to think purely of Peace," Trump wrote in a message to the Norwegian Prime Minister.
‘Brazen’ political influence of rich laid bare as wealth of billionaires reaches $18.3tn, says Oxfam
Governments opting for oligarchy while brutally repressing protests over austerity and lack of jobs, charity report says
Cruz Azul vs. Puebla: How to watch Liga MX, odds, live stream, start time
Cruz Azul enter this one as heavy favorites to take all three points
Fantasy Bundesliga: Scout squads for Matchday 18
Bulinews' Fantasy Bundesliga writers have each put together a squad of 10 outfield players for the upcoming matchday.Managers have full freedom with formations, but squads can’t exceed 110M, can onl...
Jurgen Klopp to Real Madrid: Former Liverpool manager a candidate for head coach role at LaLiga club
Jurgen Klopp is currently the head of global soccer for Red Bull, but Sky Germany understands the former Liverpool boss would give a move to Real Madrid serious consideration; Xabi Alonso left his position as head coach at Real on Monday with Alvaro Arbeloa his replacement
California Academy of Science to hold special event to honor Claude, beloved albino alligator
(KRON) — The California Academy of Sciences will hold a special celebration to honor the life and legacy of Claude, San Francisco’s beloved albino alligator. The free event, Claude Forever: A…
Here they come again: Bayern run riot with stunning goals
Bayern Munich CRUSHED Wolfsburg this Sunday (11th) in the Bundesliga with a historic score: 8 x 1.And the biggest win of the competition featured a flurry of stunning goals, with highlights from the m...
Pep full of praise: Bundesliga club eyeing a marquee signing?
"The move to Cologne is a fresh start for me, and I’m really looking forward to it," were the words Jahmai Simpson-Pusey used to comment on his transfer to Cologne for the first time in the club’s...
Six goals in this Bundesliga classic 🥵
The return went well in Germany.After a 20-day break, the Bundesliga resumed with a spectacular duel between Eintracht Frankfurt and Borussia Dortmund.The two teams ended in a completely crazy draw. D...
Winter weather puts Bundesliga matches in doubt
The Bundesliga is set to return from a three-week winter break this weekend, but severe weather conditions in Germany has raised questions about whether all matches will go ahead as planned, with heav...
Small Business Admin. Official Testifies on Regulatory Reform & Small Business Support
Casey Mulligan, chief counsel at the Small Business Administration's Office of Advocacy, testifies on regulatory flexibility and reform before the House Small Business Committee.
This ancient fossil could rewrite the story of human origins
Scientists may have cracked the case of whether a seven-million-year-old fossil could walk upright. A new study found strong anatomical evidence that Sahelanthropus tchadensis was bipedal, including a ligament attachment seen only in human ancestors. Despite its ape-like appearance and small brain, its leg and hip structure suggest it moved confidently on two legs. The finding places bipedalism near the very root of the human family tree.
Sky Sports: Man United facing major battle to sign £52m forward
Man United Interested in Move to Sign Bundesliga ForwardSky Sports deserve credit for surfacing the key detail here, Manchester United are “one of the clubs monitoring RB Leipzig winger Yan Diomande...
No one celebrated the Browns' win harder than Ravens players
The biggest winner from the Browns win over the Steelers? A Ravens team with alligator blood.
Bundesliga January 2026 Transfer Primers | 1. FC Union Berlin
The next of our 18 Bundesliga transfer primers to be published here on Get German Football News takes an in-depth look at 1. FC Union Berlin. In the case of “die Eisernen”, we’ve a big surprise...
Does science agree it’s better to give than receive? A doctor explains
Gift-giving is often framed as a source of stress and obligation, but a growing body of research suggests there may also be something beneficial about giving itself.
Bausch Health (BHC) Is Up 5.3% After US$1.6 Billion Debt Exchange - Has The Bull Case Changed?
Bausch Health Companies recently completed fixed-income exchange offers, issuing US$1.60 billion of new 10.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2032 to refinance existing senior secured notes under Regulation S and Rule 144A. This large-scale refinancing reshapes the company’s debt profile and may influence how investors assess its balance-sheet resilience and long-term obligations. Next, we’ll examine how this large US$1.60 billion debt exchange reshapes Bausch Health’s investment narrative and...
Trump declared new federal holidays. He once said US has 'too many'
President Donald Trump declared Christmas Eve and December 26 holidays for federal workers. But other businesses are not obligated to do the same.
Fantasy Bundesliga tips: 10 players to consider for Matchday 15
In this Fantasy Bundesliga article, we’ll highlight 10 players to consider adding to your team ahead of Matchday 15.As a rule of thumb, we’ll try to steer clear of the most obvious picks, instead ...
Exclusive: Liverpool considering January move to sign La Liga defender
Exclusive: Liverpool Eyeing January Move to Sign 26-year-old DefenderWith the January transfer window fast approaching, Liverpool fans will be hoping to see some movement in terms of incomings.It has ...
The Groundbreaking Political Legacy of Theodore Roosevelt
American presidents occasionally perform roles that extend well beyond the formal obligations of their office. Thomas Jefferson’s tenure (1801–1809) embodied the broader progress of antebellum sout…
Billionaires are spending massive sums on politics. A backlash brews.
An anti-oligarch protest in a small Indiana town shows the depth of the national backlash against the concentration of wealth and power.
The New WHO Pandemic Treaty and Global Health Governance: Incorporating Common but Differentiated Responsibilities into PABS - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
On May 20, 2025, the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, an international treaty designed to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. The product of three years of arduous negotiations, the treaty marks a new era of global cooperation in public health. However, core aspects of the agreement remain unresolved—notably the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which is intended to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related materials and benefits. To support the successful implementation of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Introduction For the first time, an international treaty has enshrined the principle of “One Health,” the compelling idea that the health of animals, humans, and the environment all contribute to pandemic risks. SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009–10), Ebola (2014–16), and COVID-19 all emerged through zoonotic spillover from animal hosts—respectively, civets, hogs, and bats. Together, they underscore the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral approach. The Pandemic Agreement responds to this call, requiring state parties to acknowledge the ecological interplay and commit to a comprehensive “One Health” strategy. Specifically, Article 5 charges governments to address “the drivers of pandemics and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease at the human-animal-environment interface,” including wild animal markets, deforestation, and antibiotic overuse. Yet the effectiveness of this “One Health” vision depends equally on the free flow of scientific information and data among countries and institutions. Just as environmental and animal health factors have been neglected in past global frameworks, so too has data sharing been marginalized, despite its centrality to timely detection and response. The Pandemic Agreement takes an important step by requiring governments to enhance data collection and cooperate with the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these provisions will remain aspirational without a robust Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex. The PABS system will determine whether countries and researchers can rapidly exchange pathogen samples and genetic data while ensuring equitable access to resulting research and development, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Without such mechanisms, the treaty’s promise to operationalize “One Health” and strengthen global preparedness will risk becoming largely symbolic, echoing earlier failures to translate shared principles into coordinated action. Equity Concerns When the 2025 Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Agreement, it left the difficult question of access to pathogens and the sharing of resulting benefits to be addressed in a separate agreement. Negotiations on this separate agreement, PABS, are now underway in Geneva. Yet governments remain divided over fundamental questions of equity between the countries that primarily contribute to the system and those that primarily draw from it—and consequently benefit. For example, wildlife in countries bordering the equator is likely to produce PABS materials, but companies in Europe are likely to use them to develop lucrative products. The most likely contributor countries are likely to be those biodiverse countries around the equator, such as Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia, where the number of human-mammalian viral host interactions is large. Conversely, countries most likely to benefit from this material are those with the technology, investors, and infrastructure to capitalize on genomic data, such as the United States, EU member states, and Japan. This imbalance reflects a broader pattern seen in prior international frameworks. Now, as in the past, the wealthiest countries in the world (a useful heuristic is membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) disproportionately benefit from systems in which pathogens and genomic sequencing data are contributed to a common source. Under the International Agreement on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the “Plant Treaty” or “Seed Treaty”) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework, companies from Europe and North America disproportionately withdraw biological samples and data for development into lucrative medical products. Their governments and companies have both statutory and contractual claims to the products that those companies correspondingly produce. PABS appears poised to follow the same pattern. The text calls for strong language on access to pathogens and associated data, but the corresponding benefits that should flow to poorer countries are couched in equivocal or non-binding language. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities To address these inequities, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Common but differentiated responsibilities are often a feature of climate change negotiations. The basic principle is that, even though all countries should reduce carbon emissions, governments that became rich and powerful through massive carbon emissions (e.g., France, the United Kingdom, the United States) should have a greater obligation to address the resulting crises. Applied to PABS, it would require that governments hosting and supporting companies developing lucrative products carry greater obligations toward the cost of running the PABS system; share benefits or final medical products; and transfer technology to help countries worldwide develop their own capacities to innovate and manufacture vaccines during an emergency. For example, an annex could mandate that any company based in an OECD country that withdraws PABS material would be obligated to donate the resulting diagnostics, therapeutics, or vaccines to the WHO during a public health emergency or pandemic. Questions remain about how robust those donations would be, but the principle is that they should deliver highly significant lifesaving benefits to be equitably shared. Theoretically, this approach mirrors the PIP Framework, in which companies withdrawing influenza samples are required to pay half of the operating costs. In practice, however, the framework has fallen short. The PIP Framework Secretariat has struggled to secure payments from companies, with companies often disagreeing over how much is owed. Additionally, without another pandemic influenza to test the strength of the agreement during a public health emergency, corporate compliance with sharing mechanisms remains unknown. Even if these limitations did not characterize the PIP Framework, partially paying for operating expenses does not address the inequity in access to genetic data and pathogen samples that left less developed countries last in line for COVID-19 vaccines (and, before them, H1N1). Common but differentiated responsibilities would go further, addressing governments’ legitimate grievances regarding information sharing. It would make withdrawals of PABS material and resulting products more transparent, building trust across the board. Enforcement and Enduring Success A key implication of this approach is that the governing mechanism of the PABS must have real enforcement authority. The WHO Pandemic Agreement delegates its core governance responsibilities to a Conference of the Parties (COP)—a governing body composed of one representative from each participating government, similar to those established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposed WHO Pandemic Agreement COP is charged with oversight functions but ultimately possesses no real authority to compel a government to take any action it does not wish to take. The text does not give the COP the ability to, for example, sanction a party that does not comply with either textual obligations or PABS provisions. In other words, there are no effective mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. Perhaps just as significant, establishing a meaningful enforcement mechanism within the PABS system would strengthen the WHO’s credibility and its ability to ensure compliance across global health governance. By setting a precedent for accountability, such a mechanism could enhance the organization’s authority not only within the Pandemic Agreement but also in enforcing the revised International Health Regulations and other frameworks for public health emergencies. Conclusion The PABS annex can—and should—be different. It should establish clear responsibilities for funding as well as for sharing the diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines that result from contributions to the system. The system, in turn, must include a dedicated body empowered to hold governments and the corporations they sponsor accountable for their responsibilities before, during, and after pandemics. Doing so would restore trust in the broader agreement, which was eroded as commitments were repeatedly diluted while parties scrambled to meet their own self-imposed deadlines during the Pandemic Agreement negotiations. A robust PABS Annex would cement a grand social bargain. Wealthier countries and their corporations would gain unimpeded access to scientific information essential for developing and manufacturing lifesaving medical products. As such, they would stand to gain considerable economic benefit. Yet that privilege must be matched with responsibility. The grand bargain must include not only the right to innovate, but also the duty to ensure that innovation serves all. As medical products are developed and produced through collective contributions, every person must have equal access. All human beings deserve an equitable chance to survive—to save their own life, the lives of their families, and the well-being of their communities. … Sam Halabi, JD, MPhil, is the Bette Jacobs Endowed Professor at Georgetown University’s School of Health and the Director of the Center for Transformational Health Law at Georgetown Law. He serves as the co-lead for the WHO’s Working Group on Regulatory Consideration on AI and Health’s training workstream. He earned his JD from Harvard, his MPhil from Oxford, and undergraduate degrees from Kansas State University. Lawrence Gostin, LLD (Hon.), JD, BA, is University Distinguished Professor and Founding Director and Timothy and Linda O’Neill Professor of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. He is the author of Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future (Harvard University Press, 2021); Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014); Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2016); Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2018); Law and the Health System (Foundation Press, 2014); Principles of Mental Health Law & Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010). He also directs the WHO Collaborating Center at Georgetown University. Image Credit: United States Mission Geneva, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Wafer set for Quins debut after World Cup injury
Ireland's Aoife Wafer is expected to play her first game since breaking her collarbone and rupturing a medial ligament in September.
Leipzig appoint Haenni as first female CEO in Bundesliga
Tatjana Haenni has been appointed RB Leipzig CEO, making her the first woman to hold such a position at a German Bundesliga football club. Haenni, 59, will start on January 1 in the position that had been vacant since Oliver Mintzlaff's departure three years ago.
Deportivo Cuenca vs. Emelec - Live Score
View the Deportivo Cuenca vs. Emelec game played on December 21, 2025. Box score, stats, play-by-play timeline, highlights, odds & more
Center for Politics hosts Sen. Bernie Sanders to discuss the future of democracy
The event — with over 520 attendees — featured topics in Sanders’ book, “Fight Oligarchy."
Leverkusen hope to have Grimaldo back against Newcastle
When Bayer Leverkusen's starting lineup for Saturday's Bundesliga clash with Augsburg was announced, Alex Grimaldo was a surprising omission.The Spanish left-back was left out of the squad entirely fo...
Trump said he was ‘sharper than I was 25 years ago.’ Then he spent an hour appearing to doze off – again.
At the start of a Cabinet meeting just after noon ET on Tuesday, President Donald Trump made his seemingly obligatory reference to “Sleepy Joe” Biden.
The verdict is in, and I owe it all to The Alligator - The Independent Florida Alligator
Since I stepped foot on campus as a sports journalism major, I knew I wanted to work for the largest student-run independent newspaper in the country. What I didn’t know was how much The Alligator would shape me into the person I am today.
AI becomes a political wedge issue, creating odd bedfellows across parties
MAGA media personality Steve Bannon described the fight on the right as one between populists and "broligarchs" in the tech industry.
The Alligator isn’t perfect. But it’s home. - The Independent Florida Alligator
I never thought I’d be writing a goodbye to The Alligator.
"La Liga is corrupt": Real Madrid completely loses its cool!
Real Madrid: The club spirals after Girona setback!"La Liga is corrupt": Real Madrid completely loses its cool!Just when their Champions League win over Olympiacos hinted at a turnaround, Real Madrid ...
Renewable energy is now more than ever a strategic business imperative
The global transition to renewable energy has fundamentally shifted from a moral obligation focused on mitigating climate change to a central pillar of economic strategy and national security.
From White House adviser to Trump’s handpicked prosecutor: 63 days with Lindsey Halligan
As Lindsey Halligan was driving back to the Washington, DC, area Monday, Trump’s handpicked US attorney to run the Alexandria, Virginia, office was trying to figure out whether she still had a job.