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Imai Implodes Again, Astros Blasted by Twins 8-3
It’s never a good sign when your first mile feels like you’ve already run a full marathon. For Tatsuyi Imai, the outing was quick and ugly. Twins 8 Astros 3. Imai’s early game struggles were on full display before an announced crowd of 29,179. In the opening several minutes, Trevor Larnach […]
Minnesota won’t enforce social media health warning as lawsuit continues
State officials didn’t indicate there would be any delays in enforcement in the days before the law took effect.
Astros 6, Twins 4: Alvarez’s Grand Slam sinks Twins
It was a rare bad start from Joe Ryan, as the Twins dropped game two of the series.
Astros vs. Twins Game Discussion: 6/30/2026
TONIGHT’S GAME: The Houston Astros (42-45) will play the middle game of their three-game series against the visiting Minnesota Twins (41-45) tonight at Daikin Park. RHP Mike Burrows (3-8, 5.48 ERA) will make his team-leading 16th start of the season tonight opposite the Twins and their ace RHP Joe Ryan (5-4, 3.18 ERA). ABOUT BURROWS: […]
A milestone for Zooniverse
The University of Minnesota-connected citizen science platform logs its one billionth contribution to scientific knowledge.
Twin Cities Somali businesses face long, slow recovery after Operation Metro Surge
Customer traffic and spending remain down, and many Somali-owned shops have had to lay off workers and fallen behind on rent.
Venezuela health system strained after earthquakes, WHO says
Venezuela's healthcare system is under significant strain, the World Health Organization said on Tuesday, with some hospitals damaged and others missing staff after deadly twin earthquakes last week.
Venezuela Health System Strained After Earthquakes, WHO Says
By Emma Farge GENEVA, June 30 (Reuters) - Venezuela's healthcare system is under significant strain, the World Health Organization said on Tuesday, with some hospitals damaged and others missing staff after deadly twin earthquakes last week. More than 1,700 people have been killed and 5,000 ...
Olsen twins make rare appearance at brother Trent's wedding
It's a summer of celebration for the Olsen twins. Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who turned 40 earlier this month, were spotted at their brother Trent Olsen's wedding in a rare
Game 86: Twins at Astros
First Pitch (CT): 7:10 PMTV: Twins.TVRadio: TIBN/830 WCCO/102.9 The Wolf /Audacy AppKnow Yo’ Foe: Crawfish Boxes After taking a series from the Colorado Rockies, the Twins are heading to Houston to face the Astros. An up-and-down season has Astros in a similar spot as the Twins: just below .500 and fighting to cement themselves in […]
Venezuela Earthquake Response under Scrutiny, Rodriguez's Leadership Tested
The twin earthquakes have killed nearly 1,500 people, left tens of thousands missing and caused widespread destruction in Venezuela.
San Jose business collects relief supplies for Venezuela earthquakes victims
Several businesses in the Bay Area are coming together to collect relief supplies for Venezuela following the deadly twin earthquakes that struck the nation.
Reporter talks environmental, health impacts of mining efforts near Boundary Waters
WTIP spoke to Benji Jones, Senior Correspondent at Vox Media, about what environmental and health experts are saying about the proposed Twin Metals mining project in the Boundary Waters Watershed. Jones’ article “Mining these metals could be a boon for the climate — but there’s one big catch,” is currently available at vox.com. Below is...
Hunter Goodman smashes three home runs vs. Twins
Colorado Rockies designated hitter Hunter Goodman hit three long home runs against the Minnesota Twins on Saturday. Goodman crushed two no-doubters — solo shots in the first and third innings — in his first two at-bats against Twins starter Mike Paredes. Then, after grounding out in the fifth, Goodman came up with two runners on base and the Rockies leading 3-2 in the seventh.
MINNEAPOLIMEDIA PRESENTS | This Weekend in the Twin Cities – Entertainment Guide: June 26 ~ June 28, 2026 Edition
Twin Cities Pride, Breakaway, Broadway, concerts, festivals and family fun headline one of summer's biggest weekends across Minneapolis and Saint Paul.
Game 84: Rockies at Twins
First Pitch: 6:10 pm CDTTV: Twins.TVRadio: TIBN / WCCO 830 / The Wolf 102.9 FM / Audacy One night after what many are already calling the dumbest game of all time, Target Field is playing host to the Battle of the Mikes. Mike check, one-two, one-two. Heh. Hilarious. For the Twins, it’s Mike Paredes, who has […]
Burcum: Sanford Health got what it wanted. Now comes the moment of truth.
From columnist Jill Burcum: The South Dakota health system has spent a decade trying to crack the Twin Cities health care market. With the North Memorial deal, it now has a chance to prove itself.
Twin Cities Pride organizers expect festival to deliver big boost to businesses
Pete Buttigieg says he was the victim of bogus report to child protective services
The high-profile Democrat and potential 2028 presidential contender said he couldn’t see his twins for 24 hours as report was investigated.
What is a doublet earthquake? The science behind twin tremors
Several of the world’s most destructive earthquakes were actually two or more tremors occurring in rapid succession
Pete Buttigieg was briefly separated from his children after police say he was target of false report
Former Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg was the target of an anonymous report that police determined was false and that he says forced him to spend a night away from his four-year-old twins.
Phillies’ Byron Buxton rumor won’t come true, but another trade with Twins still makes sense
Who else could the Phillies land?
MINNEAPOLIMEDIA PRESENTS | This Weekend in the Twin Cities – Entertainment Guide: June 26 ~ June 28, 2026 Edition
Twin Cities weekend features Pride, Breakaway, concerts, festivals, theater, museums and family events across Minneapolis, St. Paul and beyond.
Twin City Entertainment collaboration to host the Carol Burrnett Show in West Monroe June 27th
WEST MONROE, La. (KTVE/KARD) — Residents in the West Monroe area will have the chance to enjoy a night of laughter later this week as a live stage production inspired by The Carol Burnett Sho…
The Week in Business: D'Amico Hospitality's Next Chapter
This week’s top stories from Twin Cities Business.
Yearslong Resident Evil mystery solved: Kyle MacLachlan revealed to be Jill Valentine's 'boyfriend'
Twin Peaks star has ties to STARS
Ensuring health for Special Olympics athletes
University of Minnesota healthcare students across many disciplines are helping to provide health screenings for athletes competing in the 2026 Special Olympics USA Games.
Experienced Vikings Executive Says Goodbye
The termination of Kwesi Adofo-Mensah in January has led to an avalanche of front office changes in the Twin Cities. […]
Shohei Ohtani calls his own pitches vs. Twins after apparent dispute with catcher Dalton Rushing
Dodgers Overcome Dalton Rushing’s Mental Struggles to Sweep Twins
The Los Angeles Dodgers swept the Minnesota Twins on Wednesday despite some struggles by catcher Dalton Rushing.
Flint & Genesee Small Business Support Hub to Help Entrepreneurs Harness the Power of Storytelling
Selling a Story that Wins aims to help Flint entrepreneurs craft their business narratives.
Dodgers Unleashing Shohei Ohtani Despite Recent Injury Concerns
The Dodgers will allow star Shohei Ohtani to hit and pitch on Wednesday vs. the Twins despite a run of complications over the last few weeks.
The Sports Report: Dodgers defeat the Twins but lose two players
The Dodgers edge the Twins, but Kyle Tucker leaves the game with back spasms and Dalton Rushing with a possible concussion.
Dodgers Claim Narrow Win, 2 Players Exit Game With Injury
The Los Angeles Dodgers took a 2-1 win over the Minnesota Twins on Monday, but suffered two heavy losses in the game.
Dodgers 2, Twins 1: Forgot to pack the runs
The Twins couldn’t muster much against Eric Lauer and the World Series champion Dodgers.
SJP celebrates her and Matthew Broderick's daughters' 17th birthday with never-before-seen photos
'Sex and the City' star Sarah Jessica Parker celebrates the 17th birthday of her and Matthew Broderick's twin daughters, Tabitha and Loretta, with never-before-seen photos.
Dalton Rushing Replaced After Being Hit With Foul Tip
Los Angeles Dodgers backup catcher Dalton Rushing left Monday’s game against the Minnesota Twins, making room for backup Chuckie Robinson. The Dodgers revealed Rushing is in concussion protocol after a foul tip caught the crown of his helmet in the…
Kyle Tucker Injury Update: Dodgers Make Announcement During Twins Game
Kyle Tucker's first season with the Los Angeles Dodgers has taken another unfortunate turn.
Don’t worry, a politician can’t present the Today programme. Michael Grade is wrong about that
As the former Ofcom chair says extraordinary things about the rightwing channel and its critics, a factcheck would not go amiss, say Stewart Purvis and Chris Banatvala, both formerly of Ofcom
Ubisoft co-founder Claude Guillemot dies in plane crash
Guillemot was one of two people killed in the accident on 19th June in Brittany, France, after the twin-engine plane – registered to Guillemot – crashed.
Twins at Diamondbacks live updates. More moves to bolster staff
The Diamondbacks will look to bounce back from an ugly loss against the Minnesota Twins in the rubber match of a three-game series.
Dodgers on Deck: Monday, June 22 at Twins
The Dodgers have no more home games remaining in June after Sunday, as they start a nine-game road trip on Monday against the Minnesota Twins at Target Field in Minneapolis. This is the fourth consecutive series for Los Angeles against American League teams. Left-hander Eric Lauer gets the ball in the series opener, making his […]
Business People: More high-level changes at Target
RETAIL Target Corp., Minneapolis, announced it has hired Grant McGee as executive vice president and chief legal and compliance officer, effective May 31, and Jeff England as chief supply chain and logistics officer to accelerate our…
Twins 16, Diamondbacks 8: The Beautiful Game
In the dumbest Twins game any of us will see all year, the Twins jumped out to your classic 16-0, fifth-inning lead, then handed the ball over to the bullpen to drag us kicking and screaming towards a finish line placed just ahead of 12:30 am CT. You’ve maybe never seen a former All-Star become […]
Diamondbacks vs. Twins discussion
Today’s Lineups TWINS DIAMONDBACKS Trevor Larnach – LF Ketel Marte – 2B Byron Buxton – CF Geraldo Perdomo – SS Kody Clemens – RF Corbin Carroll – RF Josh Bell – DH Lourdes Gurriel – DH Royce Lewis – 1B Pavin Smith – 1B Brooks Lee – 3B Nolan Arenado – 3B Victor Caratini – […]
Ubisoft co-founder Claude Guillemot killed in plane crash that claimed 2 lives: report
Claude Guillemot, one of the five brothers who founded Ubisoft in 1986, reportedly died in a twin-engine plane crash in La Baule, France.
Ubisoft co-founder Claude Guillemot killed in plane crash that claimed 2 lives: report
Claude Guillemot, one of the five brothers who founded Ubisoft in 1986, reportedly died in a twin-engine plane crash in La Baule, France.
Co-founder of ‘Assassin’s Creed’ video game giant dies in plane crash
Ubisoft co-founder Claude Guillemot, 69, died in the crash on France’s Atlantic coast along with another occupant of a twin-engine Cessna 421.
Dinosaurs invaded downtown St. Paul for blockbuster 1986 Science Museum exhibit
The brontosaurus and a 10-foot-tall Tyrannosaurus rex had been floated down the Mississippi River from Minneapolis that morning on coal barges to drum up publicity for the exhibit. It worked.
Claude Guillemot, co-founder of video game maker Ubisoft, dies in plane crash
Claude Guillemot and a flight instructor were flying in a twin-motor Cessna 421 on Friday evening. An investigation into the crash is underway.
Carroll shines and bullpen grinds to victory over Twins
Carroll finished a homer short of the cycle and the bullpen was just good enough to cover Soroka’s injury shortened start
Diamondbacks' Michael Soroka exits Twins game
Michael Soroka threw a warm-up pitch and called for the dugout during thr Diamondbacks' game on Friday against the Twins.
MINNEAPOLIMEDIA PRESENTS | This Weekend in the Twin Cities – Entertainment Guide: June 19 ~ 21, 2026 Edition
Twin Cities weekend features Juneteenth celebrations, Twin Cities Jazz Festival, Stone Arch Bridge Festival, live music, art, comedy and family fun.
The Week in Business: Is It Time to Tear Down Empty Skyscrapers?
This week’s top stories from Twin Cities Business.
National Science Foundation reverses decision to dismantle oceans-monitoring network after outcry
The NSF issued a statement saying it would halt efforts to remove or disable equipment.
Minnesota can retain business headquarters, but is it attracting new ones?
A new University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management examines the Twin Cities "headquarters economy" and why it is struggling to attract new businesses.
Young men in UK are not more rightwing than older groups, study says
Analysis shows men aged 18 to 25 are less progressive than women their age, but less likely to vote for rightwing parties than other age groups of men
Essentia Health-Virginia expands emergency department
VIRGINIA, Minn. — Essentia Health-Virginia has begun construction on an expansion that is set to nearly double the capacity of its emergency department. The expansion includes a dedicated behavioral health suite and five additional exam r…
Bernie Sanders unveils plan to give the public direct ownership of AI companies
The legislation would create a sovereign wealth fund overseen by an independent commission.
MLB Insider Reveals Latest on Byron Buxton Trade Buzz
An MLB insider weighed in on whether the Twins could trade Byron Buxton before this season's deadline.
Twins 12, Rangers 2: 17 hits secure a series win
The lineup provided more than enough run support for Zebby Matthews as the Twins blowout the Rangers.
From YouTube to Hollywood: Digital creators are remaking the movie business
Some of the most promising young filmmakers in the movie business are arriving in Hollywood already experts at entertaining audiences and going viral. The twin sensations of “Obsession” and “Backrooms”
World Cup 2026: Iran v Iran in the stands as politics and football intertwine
The Iranian team may want to unite people but what the game with New Zealand revealed is just how divided many Iranians remain, writes BBC North America correspondent Shaimaa Khalil.
Texas Rangers lineup for June 15, 2026
The Rangers start a homestand with a game against the Twins
Sports Wrap, June 14: Vikings minicamp thoughts, Twins, KAT wins NBA title, and Gophers news
In case you missed it: Our Chris Long, Darren ‘Doogie’ Wolfson, and Alec Ausmus went back-and-forth Sunday night on Sports Wrap. The Vikings, Twins, KAT winning the title with New York, and Williams Arena naming rights being sold all came up.
Twin aims of Welsh boxers Garan and Ioan Croft
The fiercely competitive 24-year-old identical twin brothers from west Wales are pushing each other to achieve titles after signing with Matchroom.
Twins' Victor Caratini: Clubs homer in win
Twins' Victor Caratini: Clubs homer in win
Business People: Belinda Jensen to be brand ambassador for Kowalski’s
RETAIL Kowalski’s, a Shoreview-based metrowide grocery store chain, announced Belinda Jensen as brand ambassador. Jensen retired this year as chief meteorologist for Twin Cities NBC affiliate KARE 11-TV. EDUCATION The…
Oval Office octagon: How Trump turned combat sports into a political weapon
MMA event reflects career deeply intertwined with professional fighting, but risks political fallout.
Oval Office octagon: How Trump turned combat sports into a political weapon
MMA event reflects career deeply intertwined with professional fighting, but risks political fallout.
How Do PENN Entertainment's US$460 Million Property Bets Reframe Its Omni-Channel Strategy? (PENN)
PENN Entertainment has opened a new US$100 million, 203-room hotel tower at Hollywood Casino Columbus and is preparing to shift Hollywood Casino Aurora from its longtime riverboat site to a new US$360 million land-based complex opening on June 24, 2026, pending regulatory approvals. These twin property projects highlight PENN’s ongoing push to upgrade its brick-and-mortar footprint with larger gaming floors, upscale hotels, and expanded non-gaming amenities that could influence how its...
Game 71: Cardinals at Twins
A three-day homestand so the players can water their houseplants which they totally forgot to do before the road trip.
University of Minnesota expands student, workforce development through health and healthcare, enrollment and learning initiatives
The University of Minnesota Board of Regents today agreements with University of Minnesota Physicians and Fairview Health Services, approved a University-wide enrollment plan, and continued its focus on financial stewardship.
MINNEAPOLIMEDIA PRESENTS | This Weekend in the Twin Cities – Entertainment Guide: June 12 ~ 14, 2026 Edition
Twin Cities residents can enjoy art fairs, Pride events, concerts, theater, family attractions, markets, museums, and outdoor adventures June 12–14.
A blind Ukrainian veteran turns pottery into a business and mentors others
VINNYTSIA, Ukraine (AP) — The two burly men stare straight ahead, hands intertwined on a pottery wheel, fingers buried in the clay. They sense each other’s presence through touch alone.
The Week in Business: Christophe Beck's Call to Kickstart Minnesota's Economy
This week's top stories from Twin Cities Business.
Tigers hit 6 homers in 11-0 rout of Twins
Leading 2-0, Torkelson hit a two-run shot in the fourth inning for his 10th of the season. Torres made it 5-0 in the fifth before Keith hit a two-run shot for his first of the year in the sixth. Greene in the seventh and McKinstry added solo shots before Pérez capped the surge with a two-run shot to left-center in the eighth.
Political blame game follows as screwworm parasite threatens cattle in Texas
The USDA launches a $1 billion plan to fight the spread of livestock-killing screwworms.
Twins' Alan Roden: In midst of rehab assignment
Twins' Alan Roden: In midst of rehab assignment
A Beloved TWIN PEAKS Star Joins Netflix’s Live-Action SCOOBY-DOO Series
Now that they’ve found their beloved Great Dane, Netflix’s live-action Scooby-Doo series is rounding out its cast — including one face that should be very familiar to horror lovers. The streamer revea...
Tigers 10, Twins 4: Tigers out-slug Twins
Four solo home runs weren’t enough as the Tigers pulled away late.
Dingler dingers drive Detroiters over the Twins
Dillon Dingler had four hits, including two home runs, in the rout.
Fire Emblem: Fortune's Weave boxart, screenshots
Following today’s Nintendo Direct, the official boxart has come in for Fire Emblem: Fortune’s Weave. We also have a new set of screenshots. Here’s an overview of the game: The Heroic Games are about to begin! A brand-new entry in the Fire Emblem series is coming to the Nintendo Switch 2 system. Discover an intertwining story of strength and steel...
We can create the future of science right now
Paul Litvak is the founder and Executive Director of the Robyn Dawes Institute and a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley. He has a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research from Carnegie Mellon where he studied emotions and the sunk cost bias. Over 15 years in industry, he solved a wide range of challenging technical problems. At Meta he created models optimizing the ad review process. At Google he ran experiments to measure social influence. At Airbnb, he was a product manager leading machine learning teams optimizing search ranking and price suggestions. He also co-founded and led product at Rhythmic Health, a venture-backed biosensing startup, creating an accurate low cost system using a color changing strip and a smart phone to measure salivary lactate. The bottleneck At this point, it is uncontroversial to say that science needs to stop using the PDF article as the unit of knowledge and currency. The unbearable slowness of scientific publishing, the profit motive and margins: I’m not saying anything new. The PDF also sucks because it’s hard to extract structured information, which makes it hard to do evidence synthesis. As a result, we do much less evidence synthesis than is needed. And evidence synthesis ultimately undergirds most policy and medical decision-making. I can see second-by-second real-time odds for any sporting or newsworthy event, but a school board can’t see the best evidence on whether their 8th graders should be taught algebra. As a society, we don’t treat this as an important problem. Again, not controversial. Not only is the problem well understood, but the solution has already been laid out. What we need is AI-assisted living evidence synthesis - (1) an open knowledge graph of atomic claims, (2) claims linked to evidence, (3) assessment and synthesis of each piece of evidence, and (4) continuous updating with new data. What few realize (yet) is that the technical capacity to build this vision for a significant portion of science already exists. Not only that, scientists and startup teams are already building many of these components. I know this because I’ve been surveying the space and talking to many of the builders. There are some missing pieces: for example, evaluations of how well some of the components work. But at this point, most of what’s missing is a fully end-to-end working integration of all of these parts. In the rest of this essay, I’m going to lay out all the parts of a working living evidence layer for science and who is working on them, and propose concrete next steps for building this system. What’s now possible The diagram above outlines the components of a living evidence synthesis platform, including some of the teams working on each component1. Scientific PDFs are processed into claims with associated evidence. The evidence is subjected to a forensic audit, methodological evaluation and robustness and reproducibility checks. Finally it’s given a weight in a continuously updating synthesis. What follows is a description and status of each component and a few of the teams working on them. Document understanding The first thing you need to be able to do is turn an article into structured data. Mostly that means parsing PDFs. There are often multicolumn layouts that confuse non-specialized PDF to text processing libraries. For scientific papers, there is the added complexity of parsing formulas and tables and figures. This is a really hot area - there are startups offering APIs, and it seems like a new open source package gets posted to Github every few weeks. What follows isn’t exhaustive. A package called GROBID was the state of the art for a while, they didn’t update their package for nearly two years until very recently. In the meantime reducto.ai released an AI powered PDF extraction API, PaddleOCR became popular, IBM released a model called Docling, and both Mistral and Gemini created models and libraries. I also know of at least one other well-funded psychology research group working on a paper parser. By contrast, there are few open evals in this space, with no extensive evals for complex table comprehension in particular. Nonetheless, I’m confident this will be a solved problem soon, given the combination of LLM advances and developer interest. Hypothesis level extraction There has been increasing interest in comprehending the extracted text of papers and linking information to evidence for each hypothesis. A lot of work has already been done. Trialstreamer (Marshall et al. 2020) and RobotReviewer LIVE (Marshall et al. 2023) demonstrated automated extraction of trial population, intervention, and outcome at scale on clinical RCTs. PaperQA2 (Skarlinski et al. 2024) and Ai2 ScholarQA (2024) extended this to retrieval-augmented question answering with citation grounding. Elicit, Consensus, and SciSpace operationalized claim-level extraction for end users. OpenEval (Booeshaghi et al. 2026) is the most recent and most ambitious: 1.96 million atomic claims extracted from 16,087 eLife manuscripts using Claude Sonnet 4.5, grouped into ~299,000 results, with LLM evaluations showing 81% agreement with human peer review on a 2,487-paper subset. None of these solutions link claims to test-statistics, as you would need to evaluate randomized controlled trials. This is why I built the evidence.guide API - to extract hypotheses and associated test statistics from behavioral science papers. The best public eval of this kind of extraction I’m aware of comes from the recent SCORE project - they had humans code thousands of psychology papers to extract their claims by hand. It would be extremely helpful to the world if all scientific PDFs were available as structured open data. I’ve been working to make this happen, both directly at Berkeley and through coordination with large entities I can’t yet speak of; as hard as it is to do, I think it’s possible2. Forensic audit A lot of work has been done on forensic audit, but some gaps remain. Of course, for biology papers that rely on images for evidence, there are a variety of tools (notably Proofig and ImageTwin) to spot anomalies. These are still well short of what sleuths like Elizabeth Bik can do on her own, but these tools are constant companions among fraud analysts. There’s someone working on auditing Excel files for anomalies, and a number of teams are automating numerical checks like GRIM and SPRITE, including Scrutiny project, the INSPECT-SR team as well as statcheck. The regcheck team is building a way to use AI to compare preregistrations to analyses in papers, to ensure there aren’t significant deviations. Nonetheless, there are many other kinds of anomalies to screen for, both public and less publicly known. And there are no formal evals for anomaly detection that I’m aware of. Still, there’s a lot to draw from in this space and I’m pretty certain we will be able to scan papers for most kinds of obvious anomalies in the near future. Methodological review This area has been white hot, though I fear for many of the startups in this space, because this capability may become commoditized. There are at least six different AI peer review companies, including Refine.ink, Reviewer3, ReviewerZero.ai, Q.E.D. Science, Paper Wizard, and Isitcredible. Coarse (a pun on refine) was also recently created as an open source alternative. These systems provide qualitative feedback on the content of papers, spotting methodological weaknesses and mathematical errors. They seem to work pretty well, and many academics report bitterly that they exceed the average quality of typical peer reviewers. But there are few evals here either. What evals exist so far involve using LLM-as-judge (circularity problems abound) or comparing against human reviews of questionable quality. What you’d ideally want is an eval that measures capturing known errors in papers3. Reproducibility and robustness Another active area has been using AI agents to automate computational reproducibility4 and robustness5 checks in papers that report numerical results. For more recent papers where data and code are available, AI agents can see whether they can re-run the analyses and produce the numbers reported in the published paper. In addition to a handful of individual academics who have been experimenting using Claude Code for this, the Institute for Replication is a leading group working on building an end to end system. The evals related to this problem are the most mature, with CORE-Bench (Siegel, Kapoor, Narayanan 2024) and PaperBench (OpenAI 2025) available to benchmark agents on this task. There is also work on getting AI agents to test alternative ways of analyzing the data to ensure the results are robust to small analytic design choices. Synthesis This is the most underdeveloped area where significant investment is required. Although some automated evidence synthesis systems exist — for example, otto-sr is building an AI agent to write systematic reviews — none of these incorporate the full range of paper level signals to weight evidence appropriately. Nor is there anything like an eval or a gold standard for a good systematic review. Arguably Cochrane reviews are the closest we have to gold standard human systematic reviews, though I’ve heard academics in the know complain about their uneven quality. A key question for a synthesis platform is how to weight anomalies and methodological issues in assessing the quality of a piece of evidence. This is an unsolved problem and one I’m very keen to work on. Continuous updating There are many pieces of basic infrastructure available for monitoring for new research and initiating updates. OpenAlex is the current open citation graph. Retraction Watch integrated into Crossref in October 2023. Scite tracks how citations support, contrast, or mention prior claims. The Living Evidence Network demonstrated continuous-update workflows in clinical guidelines. Engineering this is a relatively straightforward task. When you look over this technical architecture and all the progress being made, it’s hard not to be optimistic that a living guide to scientific evidence will be built. The stakeholders are ready The social infrastructure for this is starting to coalesce — it’s not just a pie in the sky academic exercise to imagine this coming into existence. Institutions like the Center for Open Science, the Institute for Replication, the INSPECT-SR, the Living Evidence Network and more are all working on scaling work to improve research quality. Funders are also aligned. The Sloan Foundation has funded living evidence work through COS. Coefficient Giving supports the Institute for Replication and COS. The Astera Institute and the Institute for Progress have shown interest in this space. NIH has established an Office for Replication and Reproducibility. Although there are (very unfortunately) serious headwinds in science funding generally, there is an active group of funders interested in metascience. A brief word about what I’ve been doing at RDI. First, as a Visiting Scholar at Berkeley I’ve been actively figuring out how a non-profit and a public university can conduct and make public the results of large-scale academic article data mining. With some of the money I raised from donors, I commissioned a legal analysis of recent case law and publisher text data mining (TDM) agreements in order to understand whether a massive open data mining of academic articles is possible (with caveats, it is). I’ve also been working to bring together stakeholders in this space, and identify gaps. I’ve also been doing some software development in this space, with more to come. A pilot proposal The assumption undergirding all of this is that an AI, given all this information, would make the right judgment about a scientific claim with lots of conflicting evidence, weighing all the factors appropriately. That’s the hypothesis we need to test. Randomized control trial research is the best place to focus on first. RCTs are used to make many of the important decisions in society - from medical trials to public policy changes. And they use a relatively uniform set of inferential statistics with lots of known and available diagnostics. Behavioral science experiments, within the broader realm of RCTs, should be first used as a testbed whose results can be generalized. Because behavioral science is at the vanguard of open science practices, replications abound (there are thousands of them) to serve as ground truth training data. Key Hypothesis Therefore the pilot would test, in behavioral RCTs that have been replicated, whether the quality of evidence for a claim can be used to accurately predict whether that claim will replicate. Secondary Hypotheses Compared to claims that replicated, non-replicated claims demonstrate a greater share of forensic anomalies in their source literatures. Hypothesis level claim and statistic extraction is accurate enough to scale living evidence without onerous human review costs. Replication prediction is more accurate than prediction markets6 or journal prestige. If all the different quality signals we gather do accurately predict which studies will replicate, then we can use that model to score evidence to power the living evidence layer. Why this is informative regardless of outcome If the pilot succeeds, the architecture extends to medical RCTs (where Living Evidence already operates and integration is mostly about claim representation), then to slices of basic biology with stable replication structure. If it fails, the field learns which quality signals are load-bearing and which ones metascience has oversold. Either result is a contribution to knowing what the literature supports. Implications for funders Because this burgeoning ecosystem of builders already exists, a well-informed philanthropic or government funder could play a crucial catalyzing role in bringing this future about. They could play at least three roles: creating open structured datasets, publishing open benchmarks and incentivizing the solving of key technical challenges. First, open archives of papers that the government maintains, like PubMed, could be turned into structured data amenable to large scale metascience and claim aggregation. I know the US government already has an interest in doing this, though some key open questions remain unanswered. How do you determine the best models and systems for accurately extracting information from papers? How can you establish a robust way to allow researchers to flag errors and correct them? And finally, how do you create a legal regime in working with publishers to maximize the scope of available papers? For the latter, a university or a private philanthropy may be better positioned to make structured data publicly available under journal subscription terms or fair use. Philanthropists or government funders could also coordinate to create or commission benchmarks that evaluate whether important problems have been solved. For example, an open benchmark for claim extraction from a range of different scientific article types would be extremely helpful. Ensuring the underlying data are accurate is vital for creating these evaluations. I’ve discussed opportunistically using various human-created datasets for this purpose, but a consistent problem is that errors in human data make it difficult for them to serve as a gold standard. Finally, with structured data and benchmarks available, the government or private philanthropy could use them to incentivize groups to develop machine learning systems that meet these benchmarks. Prizes are one potentially valuable tool for this. For example, you could establish a prize for a system that accurately updates a living meta-analysis for a small set of claims. Prizes are particularly useful as signals of problem importance, and can help create vibrant ecosystems of public and private research—see, for example the role the government played in kickstarting the current work on nuclear fusion. Conclusion The drawbacks of the current scientific publishing system are known. Scientists agree, metascientists agree, philanthropists agree: the published PDF plus citation graph isn’t the right substrate for maintaining a representation of the evidence base in science. The pieces needed to build the alternative either already exist or are rapidly taking shape. The community is forming around exactly this problem, with concrete partnerships and shared infrastructure. A pilot should start on behavioral science RCTs because that’s the slice of empirical science most amenable to legibility, where replication ground truth is richest, and where the failure modes are best documented. What’s been missing is the galvanizing mission to assemble these pieces into something that works. That’s what I’m proposing to build. *** 1 I have a broader field map that I’ll release publicly soon. This is me, building in public! 2 If this is something that you are excited about, please reach out and talk to me. 3 More on this very soon too! 4 This tests whether, given the code and the data, you can get the same statistics as reported in the published paper. 5 This tests whether the results are the same as a paper’s given alternative analytical decisions in conducting the analysis (like outlier omission). Closely related is the idea of a “multiverse” where you come up with many different ways of answering the same underlying research question with the same data, and test whether the results hold in all those alternative methods. There’s been work on the latter as well. 6 Some of the replications, e.g. those from the SCORE project, had paired the experiments with forecasts from prediction markets. So we get to look at this for free.
Sports Wrap, June 7: Teasley news conference, Vikings minicamp week, Twins, Lynx, and Dylan Larkin rumors
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Sorry, I’m Not Available. Talk to the A.I. Me.
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Not worth the wait; Royals fall to Twins
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