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Latest Nintendo Direct: Partner Showcase Features New and Classic Titles Coming to Nintendo Switch 2 and Nintendo Switch
The latest Nintendo Direct: Partner Showcase featured a mix of classic titles making enhanced or updated returns, grand adventures making their Nintendo Swit...
Nvidia to Delay New Gaming Chip Due to Memory Chip Shortage
Nvidia won’t release a new graphics chip for gamers this year due to a deepening global shortage of memory chips, prompted by the AI boom, according to two people with direct knowledge of the matter. It would be the first year in three decades that Nvidia hasn’t released a new graphics ...
This paper-thin chip turns invisible light into a steerable beam
Researchers have built a paper-thin chip that converts infrared light into visible light and directs it precisely, all without mechanical motion. The design overcomes a long-standing efficiency-versus-control problem in light-shaping materials. This opens the door to tiny, highly efficient light sources integrated directly onto chips.
Latest Nintendo Direct: Partner Showcase features new and classic titles coming to Nintendo Switch 2 and Nintendo Switch - News
The latest Nintendo Direct: Partner Showcase featured a mix of classic titles making enhanced or updated returns, grand adventures making their Nintendo Switch™ 2 debuts, and brand new games launching for both Nintendo Switch 2 and Nintendo Switch. …
Visa Introduces Visa & Main, A New Platform to Accelerate Small Business Growth Across the U.S.
New program aims to tackle biggest challenges for entrepreneurs across three pillars: Business Capital, Business Connect and Business Essentials Visa Main launches $100M working capital facility Visa (NYSE: V) today announced the launch of Visa Main , a new platform designed to give small business owners across the United States better access to the resources they need to succeed. Built in direct response to the most pressing challenges entrepreneurs face—access to capital, reaching customers and adopting modern business tools—the platform brings together capabilities across Visa’s network to help small businesses succeed. Attendees at Visa Main launch event in Atlanta “Small businesses are the heartbeat of local communities and represent nearly half of our country’s economic activity,” said Kim Lawrence, Regional President of North America, Visa. “With Visa Main, we’re connecting Visa’s products and in-house knowledge with the expertise of our clients and
Pieter Mulier to Design Versace, Prada Group Confirms
The outgoing Alaïa designer and long-time lieutenant of Prada co-creative director Raf Simons will be tasked with revitalising Prada Group’s new acquisition, following the ouster of Dario Vitale in December.
Direct Relief and Treasure Coast Community Health Complete First Power for Health Solar Microgrid in Florida
Direct Relief and Treasure Coast Community Health, Inc., today announced the completion of a solar-powered microgrid system at TCCH’s Fellsmere health center. This resilient power installation mark…
Fallout Fans Rejoice As Surprise Launch Confirmed, Pre-Orders Open Today
A Fallout announcement has leaked ahead of today's Nintendo Direct, but it's not the game reveal fans were likely hoping for.
Review | A famous director, a talented cast and a ‘Dracula’ that is endlessly bad
Luc Besson is the latest filmmaker to take on a horror classic and lose his way in the dark.
Intelligence director Tulsi Gabbard’s office obtained and tested voting machines in Puerto Rico
The Office of Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard obtained voting machines from Puerto Rico and probed them for security vulnerabilities, the office said in a statement to CNN on Wednesday.
F.6 Science Activation Program Correction Regarding Table of Work Effort
The Science Mission Directorate Science Activation Program encourages all people to actively participate in science through activities and resources developed
Zulay Henao Joins Billy Bob Thornton In ‘Somedays’ From Director Brian Klugman
EXCLUSIVE: Zulay Henao is set to join Billy Bob Thornton, Ariana Greenblatt and Pamela Anderson in Somedays, a feature film that Brian Klugman is writing and directing. Tucker Tooley Entertainment is financing and producing. Joining Tooley as financiers are Streamline Global, Eighteen 88 and Three Point Capital. The film follows a weary delivery driver with months to …
Microsoft Introduces System Monitor (Sysmon) Support In Windows 11
Microsoft has begun rolling out native System Monitor (Sysmon) capabilities directly within Windows 11, marking a notable shift in how advanced system telemetry and threat detection can be deployed across Windows environments. The feature is currently being tested on select systems enrolled in the W
Overwatch's New Season 1 Is What the Game Was Always Meant to Be
A commitment to an ongoing story and more frequent new heroes, including five right now, move the game in the direction it always seemed to promise.
Hudson Williams' life before 'Heated Rivalry,' according to his friends
Before "Heated Rivalry" star Hudson Williams skyrocketed to fame, he was busy writing, directing and acting in countless short films with friends.
EU sports chief slams call by football boss to lift Russia ban
Glenn Micallef said Russia poses “real security risks” in a statement blasting FIFA.
FC Köln sporting director explains plan to lead Bayern Munich loanee Felipe Chávez to the ‘level of the Bundesliga’
Köln are excited to add another player to the squad.
Nintendo Partner Direct announced, so will we finally hear an Elden Ring Switch release date or more about The Duskbloods?
Nintendo has announced a Direct showcase for later this week.
Nintendo Direct Partner Showcase Announced For Tomorrow, 5th February 2026
Howdy, partners!
Nintendo Direct: Partner Showcase announced for February 5
A Nintendo Direct: Partner Showcase will air tomorrow, February 5, it’s just been announced. It will air at 6 AM PT / 9 AM ET / 2 PM in the UK / 3 PM in Europe. The presentation will be roughly 30 minutes long showing upcoming Nintendo Switch 2 and Nintendo Switch games. Like other Partner Showcases, this one will...
SBA Shuts Doors On Small Business Loans To Green Card Holders In Latest Anti-Immigration Move
The policy, which goes into effect March 1, requires 100% of direct and indirect owners of loan applicants to be U.S. citizens or U.S. nationals residing stateside or within U.S. territories.
The Unlikely New Director of U.S. Environmental Health Research
Kyle Walsh’s appointment to head the NIEHS, a $914-million public agency, is unprecedented. What is on his agenda?
Harden to join Cavaliers in pursuit of first title
James Harden is set to join the Cleveland Cavaliers from the Los Angeles Clippers, with Darius Garland moving in the opposite direction.
Cory Houston Elevated to Director of Olympic Sports Performance - University of Houston Athletics
Cory Houston , who has spent more than three years working with the Houston Baseball and Women's Golf programs as its Coordinator of Sports Performance, was ...
Flirty Emails and Chummy Photos Show How Far Epstein Reached Into Business World
Los Angeles scion Casey Wasserman, celebrity doctor Peter Attia and film director Brett Ratner are facing scrutiny over new Epstein files.
Complaint accuses Gabbard of playing politics with intelligence, which spy agency rejects
A complaint made about Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard months ago relates to an allegation that she withheld access to classified information for political reasons.
BuDhaGirl CEO Jessica Jesse: Building business resilience
BuDhaGirl Founder, CEO and Creative Director Jessica Jesse shares her strategies for building a business that can thrive through uncertainty.
I created a Black-owned business directory — ICE forced me to remove it
Rose Barboza explains why ICE activity in Maine forced her to take down a directory of Black-owned businesses she spent years building.
Budget director says addressing health care cost, access key for Whitmer
Flood said the governor's budget proposal will seek to address federal cuts to Medicaid spending while maintaining health care access in Michigan.
CHCF Board of Directors Welcomes Health Policy Leader Jim Wood - California Health Care Foundation
The health policy leader has deep expertise in rural health. He chaired the California Assembly Health Committee for eight years.
Trump calls on Republicans to ‘nationalize’ future elections
President Donald Trump called on Republicans to “nationalize the voting” in an interview airing Monday with Dan Bongino, the former deputy director of the FBI.
DNI Gabbard put Trump on the phone with FBI agents who searched Fulton County elections office, sources say
Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard put President Donald Trump on the phone with some of the FBI agents who had conducted a controversial search of an elections office in Fulton County, Georgia, last week, two sources familiar with the call told CNN.
Nancy Meyers' first movie in more than 10 years is finally happening
Here's when Nancy Meyers fans can expect a new movie, her first in 10 years, from the director of romantic comedies such as 'Something's Gotta Give.'
AHCCCS Director steps down citing personal health concerns
The Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) Director, Virginia “Ginny" Rountree, has resigned after just months of being appointed to her position by Gov. Katie Hobbs.
SBA bars green card holders from business loan ownership starting March 1
A new Small Business Administration policy taking effect March 1 will bar businesses with any legal permanent resident ownership from receiving SBA-backed loans, reversing longstanding eligibility rules and moving in a direction that lenders say
Accel Entertainment announces management changes
Distributed-gaming operator Accel Entertainment announced Monday that founder and CEO Andy Rubenstein has been named chairman of the company’s Board of Directors, while Accel’s President of U.S. Gaming Mark Phelan has been appointed chief operating officer. Phelan will succeed Rubenstein as both
Milwaukee County HR director fired following lapse in health insurance contract
Milwaukee County Executive David Crowley announced an "employee" who let the county's health insurance contract with UnitedHealthcare lapse last year has been fired.
Indirect Cost Caps: A Hidden Threat to American Science
Reductions in federal reimbursement rates for institutional research facilities and administration costs could bankrupt America’s research universities.
PLAC Announces Entertainment Line Up
(Okoboji)– The Pearson Lakes Art Center has released their 2026 season lineup. Bob Kirschbaum, Executive Director of the Pearson Lakes Art Center, says they are looking forward to the upcoming season… “We are really excited again about a fabulous summer coming up. Last summer we sold out every show and can’t believe we won’t do […]
Johns Hopkins Health Plans Executive Elected Chair of Medicare Advantage Plan Alliance Compliance Forum
Melissa Mohon to Lead National Organization Dedicated to Improving Regulatory Compliance and Quality Care for Medicare BeneficiariesHANOVER, Md., Feb. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Melissa L. Mohon, Executive Director of Compliance, Privacy and Regulatory Affairs at Johns Hopkins Health Plans, has been elected Chair of the Medicare Advantage Plan Alliance (MAPA) Compliance Forum. In this role, Mohon will lead the national organization’s efforts to advance regulatory compliance and strengthen coll
Message from the Director—Oregon Water Science Center, Winter 2026 Newsletter
A message from the Center Director, Joanna Thamke.
An incredible sports week arrives with Olympics, Super Bowl. Plus: NFL coaching carousel wraps up
The Pulse Newsletter 📣 | This is The Athletic’s daily sports newsletter. Sign up here to receive The Pulse directly in your inbox. Good morning! It’s the start of a brilliant sports week. Coming up: 🏅 Olympic stars to know 🏈 Super Bowl week, baby ✍️ Coaching carousel problem We often talk about the unmatched glory of a great sports weekend, whether that’s the first two rounds of the NCAA Tournament, MLB’s Opening Day blitz, Thanksgiving weekend in the football world, whatever. We have arrived at one of those junctures — and it’s a full week. Let’s start...
A Cure For Sour Feelings About Politics? Get People To Love Their Hometowns
The positive feelings people have toward their community translate directly into civic engagement.
New year, new perspectives: Greater Manchester Chamber welcomes 2026 board leadership
The Greater Manchester Chamber announces its 2026 Board of Directors, welcoming new leadership and fresh perspectives while maintaining strong continuity at the helm. Together, the officers and board members will
E is for Entertainment
Want to hear from the biggest stars in Hollywood? You're in the right place! This week, Paul Milliken catches up with Emmy-winning actress Claire Foy, director Philippa Lowthorpe, and author Helen Macdonald for a first look at the soaring drama "H is for Hawk." Next up, we celebrate recent Oscar nominee Elle Fanning with a look back at last year's critical and commercial hit "Predator: Badlands." And finally, we're backstage at Lawrenceville's Aurora Theatre, where "The Play That Goes Wrong" is sending audiences into hysterics.
M2’s Tokihiro NAITO and Skipmore announce pixel art ‘puzzle adventure shooter’ XeGrader plus for PC
Tokihiro NAITO, a game designer and director who works for M2, has announced XeGrader plus, a fantasy “puzzle adventure shooter” with pixel art by Skipmore. It will be available for PC …
Showcasing science to board members
INDEPENDENCE, Ohio – Youngsters at Independence Middle School took their science knowledge directly to the board of education.
Deputy attorney general signals no new Epstein charges, defends Gabbard role in Georgia election search
Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche defended the Justice Department’s actions on multiple fronts Sunday, signaling that no new charges will be brought in the Jeffrey Epstein investigation, downplaying Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard’s involvement in a probe into alleged voter fraud in Georgia, and defending the decision to arrest former CNN anchor Don Lemon.
Buffalo Bills name Jim Leonhard defensive coordinator
The Buffalo Bills named Jim Leonhard their new defensive coordinator as they head in a new direction on defense in 2026.
Ashes of Creation's Steven Sharif Resigned 'In Protest' As Intrepids Board Starts Mass Layoffs At MMO Studio
The future of Ashes of Creation seems to be in limbo following the news earlier tonight that its creative director and studio co-founder, Steven Sharif, resigned in protest over the Board of Directors' decision-making.
Canadiens warned against trading away talented 1st-round pick
Montreal has to decide on a direction.
Tulsi Gabbard inserts herself into 2020 election fraud probe
Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard has taken the extraordinary step of inserting herself into a federal probe of the 2020 election as she hunts for elusive evidence of voter fraud.
UCLA aims to continue recent run against Indiana
Two Big Ten teams trending in the right direction meet when UCLA faces Indiana on Saturday at Los Angeles.
Gov. Stitt suggests Medicaid cuts to curb health care costs
On Thursday, the Oklahoma Healthcare Authority asked for nearly half a billion more in its budget. Healthcare Authority Director Clay Bullard told lawmakers that a remedy for high agency costs coul…
New OU athletics director committed to pursuing entertainment district in Norman
Incoming University of Oklahoma Athletic Director Roger Denny reaffirmed the university’s commitment to building an entertainment district in University North Park during an introductory press conference Wednesday.
Penguins are hot, Rangers are not ahead of meeting
The Pittsburgh Penguins and New York Rangers are heading in opposite directions going into their game on Saturday afternoon in Pittsburgh.
Theo Rossi, Mario Van Peebles & Derek Wilson Sink Teeth Into WeBros’ Vampire Island Thriller ‘Young Blood’
EXCLUSIVE: Theo Rossi, Mario Van Peebles and Derek Wilson are headlining the Ari Schlossberg directed and written vampire island feature Young Blood currently shooting in Key Largo, Florida. The trio join previously announced Myles Truitt, Madison Wolfe, Marley Aliah, Genneya Walton, Alex Aiono and Mitchell Hoog in the WeBros Entertainment production. Young Blood follows three college best friends who …
Interim tag removed, Jordan Skolnick named Delaware athletic director
Skolnick has been part of Blue Hens' athletic staff since 2016 move from Michigan
New Nintendo Direct Rumors Point To An Incoming Flood Of Switch 2 Ports
February will reportedly kick off with a new Partner Showcase
Delivra Health Brands Announces Appointment of New Director
Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - January 30, 2026) - Delivra Health Brands Inc. (TSXV: DHB) (OTCQB: DHBUF) ("Delivra Health", "Delivra" or the "Company"), a consumer packaged goods company uniquely positioned in the health and wellness sector, is pleased to announce the appointment today of John Barrett as a director of the board of directors of the Company (the "Board"). Mr. Barrett was previously a senior executive with Frito Lay and PepsiCo, and served as Chief Commercial...
Opinion | The Wyoming Business Council debate is missing one big piece
Wyomingites stand to lose much more than just a line item in the budget, writes the Wyoming Women’s Business Center Board of Directors.
How direct-to-consumer health tests could impact insurance, mortgages, and employment
As more consumers order up lab tests and genetic screenings, experts say it could impact insurance, loans, and employment decisions.
Windows 11 KB5074105 25H2 adds Android Resume feature, direct download links for .msu (offline installer)
Windows 11 KB5074105 is now rolling out, and it's a feature-packed update with Android Resume for version 25H2 or 24H2.
Brad Treliving defends Maple Leafs’ approach to sports science
The GM responded to criticism over the vacant director of performance role, saying the Leafs have more staff working hands-on with players.
Sam Raimi shares 'Doctor Strange 2' scene that made him want to work with Rachel McAdams again
Without 'Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness,' 'Send Help' would've looked a lot different. Director Sam Raimi and star Rachel McAdams explained how Marvel was their stepping stone to the survival horror movie.
‘We’ll stay in the fight’: New OU athletic director committed to Rock Creek Entertainment District
The hiring of Roger Denny as OU’s next athletic director may signal the university’s plans to prioritize the advancement of the Rock Creek entertainment district.
Tittle Law Firm Guides Dallas Businesses Through Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Attorneys Support
When debt problems escalate, local leaders can contact Tittle Law Firm, PLLC for Chapter 7 bankruptcy attorneys support and clear next-step direction. Tittle Law Firm Guides Dallas Businesses Through Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Attorneys Support When debt problems escalate, local leaders can contact Tittle Law Firm, PLLC for Chapter 7 bankruptcy attorneys support and clear next-step direction. Dallas, TX , Jan. 29, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Dallas businesses dealing with mounting debt and tightening cas
Ruben Ostlund may hold ‘The Entertainment System Is Down’ until ...
Satire is in lengthy post-production, has been expected to debut on Croisette this year.
City & State New York Recognizes Two Leaders From NYC Health + Hospitals And MetroPlusHealth On 2026 "Trailblazers in Healthcare" List - NYC Health + Hospitals
NYC Health + Hospitals announced that NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst Director of Oral and maxillofacial surgery Dr. Maryam Akbari and MetroPlusHealth
City & State New York Recognizes Two Leaders From NYC Health + Hospitals And MetroPlusHealth On 2026 "Trainblazers in Healthcare" List - NYC Health + Hospitals
NYC Health + Hospitals announced that NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst Director of Oral and maxillofacial surgery Dr. Maryam Akbari and MetroPlusHealth
War Department Boards Merge to Form New Science, Technology and Innova
Secretary of War Pete Hegseth approved a major overhaul of the War Department's legacy advisory boards, directing the merger of the Defense Innovation Board and the Defense Science Board into the new
Health care and academic workers share concerns over halt to H-1B visas in Texas
Since Houston is home to the world's largest medical center, ABC13 wanted to know how Gov. Greg Abbott's directive could affect operations.
Confrontational politics is here to stay. It’s time Europe got on board.
It’s time to stop complaining about America First and get on with putting Europe First.
Scientists use AI to crack the code of nature’s most complex patterns 1,000x faster
Order doesn’t always form perfectly—and those imperfections can be surprisingly powerful. In materials like liquid crystals, tiny “defects” emerge when symmetry breaks, shaping everything from cosmic structures to everyday technologies. Now, researchers have developed an AI-powered method that can predict how these defects will form and evolve in milliseconds instead of hours. By learning directly from data, the system accurately maps molecular alignments and complex defect behavior, even in situations where defects merge or split.
Trump directs team to beef up his public schedule to combat questions about his stamina
Vague descriptions of presidential signing ceremonies, policy meetings and industry executive sit downs — mostly behind closed doors — began peppering President Donald Trump’s public schedule at the end of last year.
James Perkins named interim executive director of Auxiliary and Business Services
Perkins ’92 will provide functional oversight to Auxiliary and Business Services, leading the unit’s operations that support and enhance campus life for students, faculty and staff, alumni, and visitors.
Opinion | A ‘Fringe Epidemiologist’ on What’s Wrong With Public Health
Jay Bhattacharya, the N.I.H. director, says authorities broke the public’s trust in the Covid era. Now it’s up to outsiders to restore it.
Opinion | A ‘Fringe Epidemiologist’ on What’s Wrong With Public Health
Jay Bhattacharya, the N.I.H. director, says authorities broke the public’s trust in the Covid era. Now it’s up to outsiders to restore it.
ACU Sports Podcast: Wildcat Annual Fund Director Anthony Egbo
Anthony Egbo, former ACU football player and current director of the Wildcat Annual Fund, talks about ACU Athletics' unique approach to philanthropy, what to expect for ACU Gives, and shares stories of how ACU has impacted student-athletes' lives even if they are only a Wildcat for a year or two.
VA reorganization aims to shift health care workforce to hubs with growing veteran population
Congress directed the VA to make similar changes under the first Trump administration, but blocked it from implementing them under the Biden administration.
Disney Entertainment Television Unveils 2026 Directing & Writing Program Participants
EXCLUSIVE: Disney Entertainment Television has chosen its participants for the 2025-26 Directing and Writing Programs, talent development initiatives which connect emerging writers and directors with opportunities across DET’s scripted and unscripted television slate. “This year’s cohorts reflect the bold, original voices that will help shape the next era of television,” said Tim McNeal, senior vice …
Disney Entertainment Television Unveils 2026 Directing & Writing Program Participants
Disney Entertainment Television has chosen its participants for the 2025-26 Directing and Writing Programs
Kemi Badenoch apologises for Suella Braverman mental health claim
But she branded defectors from the Conservative party "drama queens", saying people who did not agree with the direction she was taking the party "need to get out the way".
Football Announces New Sports Performance Staff Hires - University of Tennessee Athletics
Tennessee football has finalized its sports performance staff with the addition of six new hires under the direction of Derek Owings , head coach Josh Heupel...
Scientists turn tumor immune cells into cancer killers
Scientists at KAIST have found a way to turn a tumor’s own immune cells into powerful cancer fighters—right inside the body. Tumors are packed with macrophages, immune cells that should attack cancer but are usually silenced by the tumor environment. By injecting a specially designed drug directly into tumors, researchers were able to “reprogram” these dormant cells to recognize and destroy cancer.
Centrist ideas no longer wanted in Conservative party, says Kemi Badenoch
Party leader tells MPs that one-nation Tories doubting her rightward direction ‘need to get out of the way’
Investment and Statecraft: The International Politics of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
In 1953, Kuwait established the world’s first sovereign wealth fund to invest the country’s oil revenues and generate returns that would reduce its reliance on a single resource. Since then, over 100 separate funds have been created to preserve national wealth and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. Today, they manage over $10 trillion in global assets. In this discussion with GJIA, political economist Kathryn Lavelle explains the increasingly novel dynamics that surround fund behavior and what the world can come to expect from their growing presence in international financial markets. GJIA: When it comes to the roles sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) play in global markets and politics, what would you say makes them unique? Kathryn Lavelle: Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) operate on behalf of governments as investors. That in itself is a strange relationship. Within them, a core contest takes place between the state’s interests (or sovereign) part of the dynamic, and the money interests (or wealth) part of it, and these two aspects are frequently in contradiction, serving fundamentally different goals. SWFs are also quite fascinating because when you talk to the people who manage these funds, they have an interest in convincing you that the decisions are made almost exclusively on a financial basis—they really will go to great lengths to differentiate their government owners and those who make the management decisions. At the same time, these people ultimately answer to someone in power. Therefore, for most SWFs, it remains deeply unclear who is actually making the investment decisions and for what purposes. Of course, it is not always clear how other vehicles, such as hedge funds and private equity make the decisions they do, but I think what a lot of people find particularly disconcerting about SWFs is that they seem to act on behalf of people who have a different identity from their own. People who could be trying to manipulate politics and markets in a way that would have a long-term effect on their own populations. Regular investors come and go at will, and they only share an interest in profit as far as most of us understand. However, SWFs have that extra “sovereign” part right behind them that obscures their true interest. GJIA: These funds can be found in countries all across the globe, in both authoritarian states and democracies. Would you say SWFs differ in their goals and structures between regime-type? KL: It is not necessarily regime type that makes the goals and structures of SWFs different. It has to do with their economies. Let’s look at a country like China. There’s going to be a debate about exactly how to characterize the regime, but it is a country with many different kinds of sovereign wealth funds, and a particularly opaque state connection to each. At one time, some of the state-owned Chinese oil companies created specialized investment vehicles listed outside Chinese markets that excluded parts of the firms that were more associated with human rights violations. At the same time, the China Investment Corporation (CIC)—China’s largest SWF—draws a lot of concern, not necessarily because of its investment activities, but because of the dynamics of global politics. So, I wouldn’t really tie differences to regime types themselves in a wholesale way, but rather to how such funds are perceived and how they are structured. Saudi Arabia’s SWF is getting all kinds of attention for its involvement in Hollywood, and this takes me right back to when I was a student in the 1980s, when people were concerned about Japanese investment entities buying assets in Hollywood. They aren’t quite the same in financial terms, but it’s the same kind of concern about foreign investment that drives people to be suspicious, and the whole idea that “foreigners are influencing Hollywood.” This holds true across industries, and it reflects where politics are in places like the United States right now. One metric we can try to look at is transparency, where all the funds will tell you, “we are transparent.” The problem you’ll keep running into with this approach is how you value things. When trying to do comparative studies of equity markets, you’ll find that every country doesn’t use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles like we do in the United States. A fund may appear opaque politically and not want people to show what they’re invested in or what their intent with that investment is, but they could also just not be able to report it because of the way it was purchased, or the kinds of shares they purchased. There are some assets out there that really are difficult to put a monetary value on. GJIA: To what extent do domestic politics shape SWF behavior in both the investing “home” country and the recipient “host” country? KL: This depends on the type of fund present and also on the extent to which voters’ political views are able to influence the fund. For example, in a democratic home state like Norway, the SWF doesn’t invest in nuclear weapons or tobacco because of social concerns, but there is a continuing debate over whether it should invest in oil, even though that’s where most of the money comes from. The degree to which Norway will continue to make those investments, and whether they contradict the government’s overall climate goals, is an open question in Norwegian politics. Because of the way the fund’s governance is structured, it may not be easy to resolve. On the other hand, some people consider pension funds, like the State Teachers Retirement System (STRS) in Ohio, to be quasi-SWF. They have a very strict separation between the people who make up the management division and the fund owners. No teacher or professor would want to invest in things that may harm the future of their students. At the same time, a fund manager might see an opportunity in a diversified multinational corporation that offers a good return, despite it deriving part of its revenue from e-cigarettes. These contests are very apparent. Domestic politics can work in host countries too. A good example is Singapore’s SWF, Temasek, investing in Thailand’s telecommunications sector. If you study political economy, you already know that countries everywhere are uncomfortable with foreign ownership of their telecom sectors because a foreign entity could monitor or manipulate our communications with each other. In the case of Temasek, there was significant pushback from Thai citizens surrounding the deal, which went on to influence national political sentiment toward Singapore as a whole, underscoring the risks some SWFs may face with their investment choices. In this case, fund behavior led to the dissolution of the entire Thai government in 2006 and a subsequent coup d’état. GJIA: To address some of this unease, the Santiago Principles were established in 2009 to ostensibly promote trust and transparency. From your perspective, have these mechanisms actually changed fund behavior? KL: In international relations theory, we always like to have a clear set of norms and best practices—the orientation we want the proverbial ship to be going in. In that regard, the Santiago Principles at least got the discussion going about which direction SWFs should take at a time when people were very skittish about the growing size of these funds. Nobody wanted them to be out there and potentially destabilizing economies, so talks about disclosure, conditions for withdrawal, and the independence of managers were helpful when initiated. The biggest stumbling block was that there wasn’t exactly a good way to measure compliance with the Principles, let alone how to hold funds to them. If you read the Principles, they’re overall quite vague. In general, a fund doesn’t want to reveal how and why they make certain investment decisions because that information is proprietary—a fund makes money off of how and why it makes decisions—so how do you reconcile that with loosely-defined ideas of openness? Some decisions might have a political purpose. The bottom line is that trying to figure out and assign a score to compliance is not easy, and it is therefore the reason why the Santiago Principles never really got off the ground to the point where they could truly direct fund behavior. GJIA: Many emerging markets are looking to build their own SWFs from mineral and oil revenues. Historically, have funds shaped development trajectories in these countries? KL: I think the big story in international emerging markets investment is that the investment is increasingly no longer unidirectional. In the past multinational corporations of primarily Western background were the main form of foreign direct investment in a country. That has changed dramatically, to the point where you have companies from so-called “developing countries” taking over companies in the United States. Therefore, the landscape of international investment has changed, and I think SWFs are certainly a possibility to be the next step in the game. Historically, you didn’t need an entire financial vehicle to reinvest commodity revenues in your country, but as emerging markets get more financially sophisticated, their capacity to operate such funds has increased. SWFs would allow treasuries to move from relying on holding foreign exchange assets like cash or government bonds to having broader financial markets and targeted growth areas, while easing pressure on welfare expenditures. GJIA: With their increasing financial weight, do you see the presence of SWFs being a factor in the political choices leaders will have to make with regard to domestic and foreign policy? KL: It will depend on just how big the funds get. One of the reasons people are already apprehensive is because of their scale, and if certain SWFs in certain countries achieve a large-enough size, the presence will absolutely be cause for concern. The other factor political leaders will have to consider are their objectives. It’s not always clear how to define a SWF, or even where its activity is concentrated, but it is certainly a worry from the perspective of national security of opaque external investment. More than that, I think one of the most interesting questions going forward is whether the United States, the home to the world’s largest financial markets, will develop its own fund, for which the Trump administration announced a plan. There have also been several proposals in Congress. Were it to come into being, it would have tremendous weight. At the same time, one of the hallmarks of U.S. capitalism is a lack of government ownership of shares, so it would not be clear how such a fund would be received in domestic politics, or which direction it would take. Given how politically fragmented the country is, a Democratic administration would likely be concerned about different sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, and want investment there, rather than a Republican administration, which might prefer defense industries. No investment vehicle could thrive under conditions of such instability. Moreover, it remains unclear where the money to fund a theoretical U.S. SWF would come from. It would be a fundamentally different entity depending on whether it is financed with debt, economic surplus, commodities, or the sale of state companies, as in the case of Singapore. If it is debt, or government borrowing of some form, then the fund would have to outperform whatever the cost of that debt is, which is not an easy thing to do. I think our political leaders have enough on their plate. Our system has worked well keeping political and investment functions generally separate. We have seen different forms of business rise and fall, and even the perception of different countries, all of which funds are tied to. Unless a major SWF either starts—like in the case of the United States—or collapses—an issue that concerns the Saudis, I don’t see any political tsunamis on the horizon. . . . Kathryn Lavelle is the Ellen and Dixon Long Professor of World Affairs at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Her research explores the exchange between domestic and international and political institutions with a particular emphasis on political economy and multilateralism. Dr. Lavelle’s first book, The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets, explored the political circumstances that surround large issues of stock in the developing world. After being granted tenure at Case Western, she was awarded an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship and named the William A. Steiger fellow, a designation given to the most promising political scientist in her class of fellows. While in Washington during 2006-2007, she worked on the staff of the House Committee on Financial Services on issues related to domestic and international monetary policy. Dr. Lavelle holds a PhD in political science from Northwestern University; an M.A. in government and foreign affairs from the University of Virginia; and a bachelor’s degree in international economics from Georgetown University. She is a permanent member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and length. Interview conducted by Sid Mehrotra. Image Credit: Jason Leung, Unsplash Content Licenses, via Unsplash
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