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Monumental Sports & Entertainment gives first look at 'The Halo' inside Capital One Arena
Discord will soon require face scans or ID for all users, or restrict access
Discord has announced that all users will soon be required to submit age verification, or be given teen-level access restrictions.
'Chess on ice': Clinic in Ferndale lets those try curling in an adaptive way
An adaptive clinic was held at the Detroit Curling Club to give those with some limitations a chance to try the unique sport.
DIA concession pricing policy gives businesses wide latitude to mark up prices, 9NEWS investigation finds
DIA has a policy meant to keep prices down inside concourses. Steve On Your Side put it to the test, and found it isn't always working.
Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 6 Pro May Offer Lots Of Flexibility For Qualcomm’s Partners When Choosing Newer Or Older DRAM & Storage Standards To Save Costs
A rumor claims that Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 6 Pro may give Qualcomm’s partners various DRAM and storage configurations to choose from
Video Love is in the air with the perfect Valentine’s Day watchlist
Entertainment journalist and host Aunyea Lachelle gives the scoop on what to watch if you're planning a romantic night in with your partner on Valentine's Day.
May Seahawks vs. Patriots in Super Bowl LX give us heroes, not goats
Sports columnists are allowed to want things, even if they can’t root for a team. Here’s Scott Ostler’s hope: that Super Bowl LX between the Seahawks and Patriots gives us a great game.
On Harvey Elliott, the Business of Sport, and Loyalty
Liverpool are a club that, for the big spending that took place over the summer, look a bit light given a string of injuries across different departments of the first team. While the biggest concerns are on the defensive end, with right-back and center-back being particularly light with injuries to Conor Bradley, Jeremie Frimpong, and […]
Washington Post owner Jeff Bezos gives first statement after layoffs
Washington Post owner Jeff Bezos has put out his first statement since the paper's cuts. He said "data tells us what is valuable and where to focus."
‘That's home, man' — A.J. Brown gives off positive vibes about Eagles on podcast
Appearing on Micah Parsons’ podcast, A.J. Brown spoke positively about returning to the Eagles for the 2026 season.
Letters to Sports: Dodgers visiting White House fires up usual debate
Readers of the Los Angeles Times Sports section give their thoughts on myriad topics, with a majority not wanting the franchise of Jackie Robinson visiting the White House.
Boston takes on New York, aims for 6th straight win
New York averages 117.5 points while outscoring opponents by 5.2 points per game. The Celtics score 115.6 points per game, 3.3 more points than the 112.3 the Knicks allow. The Knicks average 15.0 made 3-pointers per game this season, 1.0 more made shot on average than the 14.0 per game the Celtics give up.
Lucky Strike Entertainment Stock Pre-Market (+5.3%): Bouncing After Post-Earnings Plunge
What Happened With LUCK Stock? Playbook On Market Open. A Multi Asset Portfolio Gives You Safer Smarter Growth. More From Trefis.
Steph Curry gives blunt reaction to Giannis Antetokounmpo staying with Bucks past NBA trade deadline
Steph Curry shared his blunt reaction to the Golden State Warriors' inability to trade for Giannis Antetokounmpo before the NBA trade deadline.
Business Lookahead: Near, far, wherever markets are
STORY: From Japan's snap election to key U.S. data, these are the stories to watch in business and finance in the coming week. :: Japan votesJapan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi is hoping for a stronger mandate as voters head to the polls on Sunday.The closely-watched lower house election is shaping up to be one of the most unpredictable in years.A strong showing by Takaichi's Liberal Democratic Party would allow her to expand stimulus.That could heighten concerns about Japan's finances and push up government bond yields further in a selloff that could ripple out overseas.:: AI winners and losersCisco Systems and Germany's Siemens Energy report earnings on Wednesday.They've benefited from the AI boom in different ways, but now Barclays says that trade is "seeing extreme dispersion."That’s been evident in sliding software and data analytics stocks, which have plunged as traders focus on the existential threat posed by increasingly powerful AI models.AI enablers, companies contributing to the global AI data center build-out, meanwhile, have fared better. :: Delayed data dumpA double dose of major U.S. economic reports should give investors a critical view of the economy, following a delay by the recently ended three-day government shutdown.The January non-farm payrolls report, now due on Wednesday, is expected to show an increase of 70,000 jobs, according to a Reuters poll. Then, on Friday, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is set to release the January consumer price index, one of the most closely watched measures of inflation.
States’ mistrust of Trump’s fraud crusade could hinder fight against foreign influence in elections, federal officials fear
State and local election administrators’ growing suspicion of the Trump administration’s motives has triggered concerns among some federal officials that distrust of even routine moves by the FBI could hinder cooperation with states and give an opening for US adversaries trying to influence elections.
Harness The Wisdom Of The Crowd To Help Your Business
In 2001, Pixar was preparing to release the film "Finding Nemo." Given Pixar's track record of blockbusters, everyone expected another hit.
Paid Leave at a Crossroads: Business Leadership, Caregiving, and the Power of Story | National Partnership for Women & Families
Every day, working people across the country wake up already making tradeoffs. They plan their commutes around childcare drop-offs, take calls from doctors' offices during lunch breaks, and quietly calculate how many sick days they have left if something goes wrong. For millions of caregivers, work and care are not separate parts of life — they are deeply intertwined, often in ways that leave little margin for error.
Arkansas receives $13.3M federal boost to modernize health data and expand telehealth
The Arkansas Department of Health has been given $13.3 million in federal funding to expand and modernize the state’s health data infrastructure.
Pine Park Health sees ROI from AI scheduling tool
Since artificial intelligence took over reminder calls, the mobile medical practice has given more than two FTE back to its medical assistant team. And a proactive scheduling agent has helped boost the number of visits per day.
With ICE Using Medicaid Data, Hospitals and States Are in a Bind Over Warning Immigrant Patients
The Trump administration’s move to give deportation officials access to Medicaid data is forcing hospitals and states to consider alerting immigrant patients that information from emergency medical coverage applications could be used in efforts to remove them from the country.
By the numbers: Amazon's rapid Louisiana expansion reaches 13 locations, over 10,000 employees
"It gives you confidence," one broker said, "'Hey look, if Jeff Bezos thinks I should build something right here, then why shouldn't I?"
Muslims Move to Assert Political Power in New York City
Zohran Mamdani’s ascension to mayor has given Muslim organizers and faith leaders the impetus to insert themselves into more formal political alliances and networks.
February Business Development Breakfast
Join the Renton Chamber of Commerce for the February Business Development Breakfast on Wednesday, February 11, 2026, at 9 a.m. This event will give small business owners practical tools and strategies to enhance productivity and growth with actionable insights and resources.
Luke Kennard immediately fills a desperate need for the Lakers
The move is an immediate upgrade that gives the Lakers a 44% career 3-point shooter alongside Luka Dončić and LeBron James.
Analysts grade 3-team trade involving Suns
After acquiring Cole Anthony from the Bucks in a three-team trade, analysts around the NBA give their thoughts on how the Suns fared in the trade.
Google Gives Android Users the Best News on AirDrop Support
AirDrop for Android will arrive on other Android phones this year, not just Pixel devices. When Google surprisingly launched AirDrop support on the Pixel 10 last year, we sort of... #AirDrop #Android
Leading sports investment firm Arctos acquired by private equity giant KKR
The acquisition gives KKR a range of ownership across virtually every major pro sports league.
With ICE using Medicaid data, hospitals and states are in a bind over warning immigrant patients
The Trump administration’s move to give deportation officials access to Medicaid data is putting hospitals and states in a bind as they weigh whether to alert immigrant patients that their personal information, including home addresses, could be used in efforts to remove them from the country.
Visa Introduces Visa & Main, A New Platform to Accelerate Small Business Growth Across the U.S.
New program aims to tackle biggest challenges for entrepreneurs across three pillars: Business Capital, Business Connect and Business Essentials Visa Main launches $100M working capital facility Visa (NYSE: V) today announced the launch of Visa Main , a new platform designed to give small business owners across the United States better access to the resources they need to succeed. Built in direct response to the most pressing challenges entrepreneurs face—access to capital, reaching customers and adopting modern business tools—the platform brings together capabilities across Visa’s network to help small businesses succeed. Attendees at Visa Main launch event in Atlanta “Small businesses are the heartbeat of local communities and represent nearly half of our country’s economic activity,” said Kim Lawrence, Regional President of North America, Visa. “With Visa Main, we’re connecting Visa’s products and in-house knowledge with the expertise of our clients and
Sunburn — The morning read of what’s hot in Florida politics
Your morning blast of Florida politics — Sunburn gives it hot, fresh and fast!
New Politics Project – European Council on Foreign Relations
European politics is undergoing a long-term process of transformation. The mostly stable, big-tent party systems of past decades have given way to more fragment
Supreme Court Clears Way for California Voting Map
The state’s Republican Party had asked the justices to step in and block the new congressional maps, which give an advantage to Democrats, before the midterms.
Steelers work with local teams to give back on NGWSD
Steelers staff spent the National Girls & Women in Sports Day a time to give back
Nioh 3 review: "Brutal samurai and ninja clashes across wide maps avoid retreading Elden Ring – this Soulslike is all demon killer, no filler"
Nioh 3 demands care, planning, and patience – and gives immense satisfaction in the form of a brutal but engrossing adventure in return
Nvidia narrows T5T email distribution to top executives
Nvidia has narrowed how certain 'Top 5 Things' emails are shared, a system long used to give CEO Jensen Huang insight into daily operations.
Grants to give helping hand to St. Paul's immigrant-owned businesses impacted by ICE operation
Super Bowl gives Bay Area catering companies a boost in business
Horry County leaders give OK to controversial mental health site; targeted 2027 opening
CONWAY, S.C. (WBTW) — A former assisted living facility in Murrells Inlet is getting new life as a mental health hospital after protests from nearby residents who said it would drag down the …
49ers expect to give up home game to play internationally
How is Susan Lucci doing? Star shares health update after near-fatal blockages.
Susan Lucci is more than her "All My Children" role; she's now a women's heart health ambassador. She gives an update on her own heart health.
Google is finally fixing one of Pixel’s biggest connectivity headaches in Android 16
Android 16 QPR3 gives Pixel users clearer control over Adaptive Connectivity with two new toggles in the settings.
Getting the right message to the right caregiver saves health system millions
At HIMSS26, a clinical informatics leader from the University of Maryland Medical System will describe how the organization's EHR-linked, rule-based technology helps ensure clinical notes get to the providers who need to see them.
Leaving Louisiana lightly: Turning 79, a New Iberia couple gives it all away and heads north
This New Iberia couple turns 79 this year. They've spent their lives in Louisiana but have decided to head north at the end of this month.
'We're going to handle it together': Some Winston-Salem businesses stayed open through winter storm
Businesses WXII spoke to say they wanted to give folks a place to go during the storm, knowing that many other businesses would be closed.
Patriots’ Drake Maye Gives Answer To Famous Tom Brady Question
New England Patriots quarterback Drake Maye was asked a familiar question during Super Bowl Opening Night on Monday. “Who is your hero?” If that sounds familiar, it’s probably because you remember when that same question was asked to Tom Brady prior to Super Bowl LI. “Who’s my hero? That’s a great question. Well, I think […]
Maryland Moves to Give Democrats Extra House Seat, but Big Hurdles Remain
The state’s House of Delegates passed a new map that would be likely to eliminate Maryland’s lone remaining Republican seat in the U.S. House, but the State Senate may well block the measure.
Nancy Meyers' first movie in more than 10 years is finally happening
Here's when Nancy Meyers fans can expect a new movie, her first in 10 years, from the director of romantic comedies such as 'Something's Gotta Give.'
Scientists release a map of the clearest picture yet of what dark matter looks like
Dark matter makes up most of the universe, yet we have very little understanding of it. Scientists recently released a map that gives the clearest picture yet of what dark matter looks like.
Shutdown Politics Will Give Way to Election Campaign Pressures
There’s friction in both parties over the funding bill, but the midterms loom large.
Google’s new ‘Desktop Camera’ app gives us a new peek at Android on the desktop
While we all continue to speculate on the long-term convergence of ChromeOS and Android, a new piece of the puzzle has quietly appeared on the Play Store. Thanks to a cool find by 9to5 Google, we...
Science Museum Oklahoma offers donations-only admission for Founder's Day
That means in lieu of admission, guests may give any amount they choose in order to enter on Feb. 9.
Vanderbilt Health acquires Tennova’s Clarksville hospital and related physician clinics from Community Health Systems
Leaders with Vanderbilt Health announced today completion of the acquisition of Tennova Healthcare-Clarksville Hospital and freestanding emergency room Tennova ER-Sango, along with the hospital’s related businesses, including physician clinics and outpatient services, from Community Health Systems Inc. (CHS). Vanderbilt Health has held a 20% minority interest in these operations since 2021. Under Vanderbilt Health’s ownership, the 270-bed hospital will be named Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital (VCH) while the freestanding Sango ER will be named Vanderbilt Emergency Sango. Also joining the Vanderbilt Health system through the acquisition are physician practice locations in Clarksville, Dover, Pleasant View and Tiny Town offering, depending on location, orthopaedics, primary care, wound care, digestive health, urology and surgical services. Acquisition of the hospital and its related physician practices expands Vanderbilt Health’s ability to serve patients across the region, supporting its ability to provide high-quality care in more convenient, community settings that are also more cost-effective. “We are thrilled to welcome Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital into our health system. Providing exceptional care close to home is invaluable, and we are eager to serve the citizens of Clarksville and Montgomery County by expanding the hospital’s programs and services,” said Jeff Balser, MD, PhD, President and CEO of Vanderbilt Health and Dean of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. This acquisition marks Vanderbilt Health’s fourth regional hospital expansion, further strengthening its presence across Middle Tennessee beyond its already extensive inpatient and ambulatory services in Nashville. VCH joins Vanderbilt Health’s network of regional medical centers that now include Vanderbilt Wilson County Hospital in Lebanon, Vanderbilt Tullahoma-Harton Hospital in Coffee County, and Vanderbilt Bedford Hospital in Shelbyville. With a strong record of growth and investment in people, programs and services for its regional hospitals, residents of Clarksville, Montgomery County and the surrounding region can expect that Vanderbilt Health will bring a host of adult and pediatric services to the area. Initial plans for VCH over the upcoming year include increased staffing for the hospital’s emergency services, including the addition of pediatric emergency medicine specialists with Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, along with increased surgical specialty offerings. Longer term, physicians and staff will be recruited to bring a broader array of adult and pediatric specialty services to the community. “I am delighted to welcome the physicians, nurses and staff of Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital into the Vanderbilt Health family and look forward to working closely with the hospital’s medical staff and members of the local health care community to ensure we excel at meeting their needs as caregivers as we pursue the goal of improving the health and wellbeing of the patients we serve,” said Jane Freedman, MD, Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Health System Officer for Vanderbilt Health. Currently, VCH employs approximately 1,100 staff and more than 30 physicians. Through this acquisition Vanderbilt Health has committed to hire substantially all current employees who are in good standing. Services already established by Vanderbilt Health at VCH include an OB-GYN hospitalist program, an array of oncology services provided by a multidisciplinary team with Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and neonatal care in the hospital’s Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit provided by specialists with Monroe Carell. VCH has been designated as an Accredited Chest Pain Center and a Wound Care Center of Distinction and has earned the Gold Seal of Approval from The Joint Commission. More information about Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital is available at: vanderbilthealth.com/hospital/vanderbilt-clarksville-hospital
These AI notetaking devices can help you record and transcribe your meetings
These physical notetakers transcribe audio and give users summaries and action items of meetings using AI. Some even offer live translation.
BBC Audio | Business Daily | Can Starbucks regain its buzz?
CEO Brian Niccols on how the coffee brand is persuading customers to give it another shot
Browns DC Jim Schwartz should be given an ultimatum
The Cleveland Browns need a decision on Jim Schwartz and very soon. Todd Monken must build his staff.
How to watch the Grammy Awards and what to know before the show starts
Before music's biggest night commences with performances from Justin Bieber and Lady Gaga, most of the Grammy Awards will be given out on Sunday afternoon in L.A. Follow along for our live updates throughout the day.
Shohei Ohtani won’t pitch in World Baseball Classic
The last time Shohei Ohtani was in the World Baseball Classic, he struck out his then-Angels teammate Mike Trout to give Team Japan their third title in tournament history. Three years later, fans from around the world will only get to see half of the Ohtani experience. After a 22 month absence from pitching on […]
AV2 video codec draft specs for bitstream and decoding now public
AV2, the new royalty-free video codec closer to final specs To give credit where it's due, Redditor spotted the page and shared the link in AV1 subreddit.
Don’t count your old PC out — give it a refresh with this $10 Windows 11 Pro license
Act fast to save big on this new OS.
World Laureates Summit: Can science give a blueprint for our future?
In a landmark convergence of intellect and governance, the World Laureates Summit (WLS) opens on Sunday in Dubai, gathering over 150 of the world's most eminent scientists, policymakers, and institutional leaders.Convened alongside the 2026 World Governments
Gov. shutdown, ICE warehouses and 3 millon Epstein files
Carmella gives the top headlines of the day, including a judge ordering the release of a 5-year-old detained by ICE.
Shohei Ohtani WBC Announcement Will Give Dodgers Fans Relief
Los Angeles Dodgers fans no longer have to worry about Shohei Ohtani throwing out his arm during the upcoming World Baseball Classic. That’s because the world’s greatest player won’t be pitching in the WBC, as reported by multiple sources on Saturday. It is apparently Ohtani’s decision not to pitch in the tournament. Ohtani delivered another […]
Letters to Sports: Rams came so close to proving Bill Plaschke right
Readers of the Los Angeles Times Sports section give their thoughts on the Rams' playoff loss and Bill Plaschke's prediction as well as UCLA, USC, the Lakers and Dodgers.
PENN Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ:PENN) Receives Consensus Recommendation of "Hold" from Brokerages
PENN Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ:PENN - Get Free Report) has received an average rating of "Hold" from the eighteen analysts that are covering the firm, MarketBeat reports. Two research analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, six have given a hold rating and ten have given a buy rating to
Anchorage School District proposes major cuts to positions, programs, sports and more
In a letter to families, Anchorage Superintendent Jharrett Bryantt said maintaining the status quo is no longer sustainable given current state and local funding levels.
Bill Gates denies allegations in Epstein email about 'trysts' and STD
A recently released email suggests that Bill Gates had asked for antibiotics to "surreptitiously" give to his now ex-wife, Melinda.
These New Orleans businesses and restaurants are participating in national ICE Out protest
“We're excited about the possibility of not only bringing attention to what we don't want to happen in our communities, and then hopefully, you know, raise some good money to give voice and enable those who are defending people who are our neighbors,” the owner of Flour Moon said.
Nvidia won’t give up on Shield TV updates ‘any time soon,’ new hardware could happen
Over a decade in, Nvidia says it isn’t giving up on the Shield TV any time soon, with updates still...
Sport management practicum gives UMaine students executive-level experience
When Colby Winship enrolled in the Sport Management Practicum at the University of Maine, he knew he was entering a course designed to operate like the professional world. After all, practicum experiences at the Maine Business School are built to move beyond lectures and case studies. This semester, that meant…
Sports Take: Super Bowl shows why NFL teams shouldn’t give up on QBs so quickly
The NFL is witnessing a growing trend of teams dumping young quarterbacks after only a few seasons. Stories of some of these quarterbacks reviving their careers prove that teams should invest in these players to develop into pro-level passers. The trend also serves as a warning for up-and-coming college quarterbacks.
NC State downs Boston College, 106-84
Normally you might have to worry a little bit if you give up 16 made threes, but not so on Thursday night, as not even a ridiculously above-average shooting performance from Boston College could keep the Eagles close. NC State’s offense was relentless thanks to standout performances from Zoe Brooks, Tilda Trygger, Khamil Pierre, and […]
AARP Examines the Importance of State Health Insurance Assistance Programs
Last month, the AARP Public Policy Institute released a report on the State Health Insurance Assistance Programs (SHIPs), outlining the critical role these Medicare counselors have in improving beneficiary health and well-being. SHIPs provide objective, free, one-on-one assistance to Medicare beneficiaries, their families, and caregivers. With locations in every state, over 2,000 offices in communities […]
'New evidence' gives Jordan Chiles a chance to secure the return of her Olympic bronze medal
Switzerland's highest court has sent the case of Jordan Chiles' disputed bronze medal from the 2024 Paris Olympics back to the CAS based on 'new evidence' that might prove favorable for the U.S. gymnast.
Google gives Pixel Tablet another two years of Android OS updates
Google’s mostly-forgotten Pixel Tablet is getting a new lease on life, as the company is giving its one and only...
Melania Trump reveals advice she gives President Trump — and why she doesn’t watch him on TV all day
Melania Trump opens up in rare interview about her private approach to advising President Donald Trump and her selective media appearances strategy.
Jake Bird’s adjustments could give him a second chance
The right-hander was awful for the Yankees, both in MLB and Triple-A, but has tons of room to improve.
How Trump is using his 'king-like' power of clemency a 2nd time around
Clemency gives the president the power to pardon or commute sentences. How has Donald Trump used his power in his first year back? What we know.
ACU Sports Podcast: Wildcat Annual Fund Director Anthony Egbo
Anthony Egbo, former ACU football player and current director of the Wildcat Annual Fund, talks about ACU Athletics' unique approach to philanthropy, what to expect for ACU Gives, and shares stories of how ACU has impacted student-athletes' lives even if they are only a Wildcat for a year or two.
Winners of 2026 Southwest Wyoming Regional Science Fair Announced
ROCK SPRINGS — Western Wyoming Community College hosted 68 students from five different schools participating in the Southwest Wyoming Regional Science Fair Jan. 22. “The science fair gives students statewide a chance to showcase their scientific creativity and ingenuity. We deeply appreciate the participating students and the teachers and families who support them,” David Tanner,
Android Gets Enhanced Set of Theft Protection Feature Updates
Android is getting a host of new theft protection updates from Google, designed for users on Android 16+. The updates are being built onto existing features, “designed to give you... #Android #Google
Newcastle get ‘justice’ after ‘ridiculous’ VAR penalty decision against PSG
Lewis Miley was bafflingly penalised for handling the ball as PSG were given an early spot-kick
Give Your Problems (and Passwords) to Moltbot, Then Watch It Go
A viral new virtual assistant formerly known as Clawdbot is complex and brings security risks—but some early adopters say it feels like the future.
Shadowing program inspires future health care professionals
ECU Health’s shadowing program is shaping the next generation of caregivers.
Dispatch available now for the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2 systems
Shop now on Nintendo.com or Nintendo eShop. Manage a group of ex-supervillains who are given one last shot at redemption!
Investment and Statecraft: The International Politics of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
In 1953, Kuwait established the world’s first sovereign wealth fund to invest the country’s oil revenues and generate returns that would reduce its reliance on a single resource. Since then, over 100 separate funds have been created to preserve national wealth and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. Today, they manage over $10 trillion in global assets. In this discussion with GJIA, political economist Kathryn Lavelle explains the increasingly novel dynamics that surround fund behavior and what the world can come to expect from their growing presence in international financial markets. GJIA: When it comes to the roles sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) play in global markets and politics, what would you say makes them unique? Kathryn Lavelle: Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) operate on behalf of governments as investors. That in itself is a strange relationship. Within them, a core contest takes place between the state’s interests (or sovereign) part of the dynamic, and the money interests (or wealth) part of it, and these two aspects are frequently in contradiction, serving fundamentally different goals. SWFs are also quite fascinating because when you talk to the people who manage these funds, they have an interest in convincing you that the decisions are made almost exclusively on a financial basis—they really will go to great lengths to differentiate their government owners and those who make the management decisions. At the same time, these people ultimately answer to someone in power. Therefore, for most SWFs, it remains deeply unclear who is actually making the investment decisions and for what purposes. Of course, it is not always clear how other vehicles, such as hedge funds and private equity make the decisions they do, but I think what a lot of people find particularly disconcerting about SWFs is that they seem to act on behalf of people who have a different identity from their own. People who could be trying to manipulate politics and markets in a way that would have a long-term effect on their own populations. Regular investors come and go at will, and they only share an interest in profit as far as most of us understand. However, SWFs have that extra “sovereign” part right behind them that obscures their true interest. GJIA: These funds can be found in countries all across the globe, in both authoritarian states and democracies. Would you say SWFs differ in their goals and structures between regime-type? KL: It is not necessarily regime type that makes the goals and structures of SWFs different. It has to do with their economies. Let’s look at a country like China. There’s going to be a debate about exactly how to characterize the regime, but it is a country with many different kinds of sovereign wealth funds, and a particularly opaque state connection to each. At one time, some of the state-owned Chinese oil companies created specialized investment vehicles listed outside Chinese markets that excluded parts of the firms that were more associated with human rights violations. At the same time, the China Investment Corporation (CIC)—China’s largest SWF—draws a lot of concern, not necessarily because of its investment activities, but because of the dynamics of global politics. So, I wouldn’t really tie differences to regime types themselves in a wholesale way, but rather to how such funds are perceived and how they are structured. Saudi Arabia’s SWF is getting all kinds of attention for its involvement in Hollywood, and this takes me right back to when I was a student in the 1980s, when people were concerned about Japanese investment entities buying assets in Hollywood. They aren’t quite the same in financial terms, but it’s the same kind of concern about foreign investment that drives people to be suspicious, and the whole idea that “foreigners are influencing Hollywood.” This holds true across industries, and it reflects where politics are in places like the United States right now. One metric we can try to look at is transparency, where all the funds will tell you, “we are transparent.” The problem you’ll keep running into with this approach is how you value things. When trying to do comparative studies of equity markets, you’ll find that every country doesn’t use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles like we do in the United States. A fund may appear opaque politically and not want people to show what they’re invested in or what their intent with that investment is, but they could also just not be able to report it because of the way it was purchased, or the kinds of shares they purchased. There are some assets out there that really are difficult to put a monetary value on. GJIA: To what extent do domestic politics shape SWF behavior in both the investing “home” country and the recipient “host” country? KL: This depends on the type of fund present and also on the extent to which voters’ political views are able to influence the fund. For example, in a democratic home state like Norway, the SWF doesn’t invest in nuclear weapons or tobacco because of social concerns, but there is a continuing debate over whether it should invest in oil, even though that’s where most of the money comes from. The degree to which Norway will continue to make those investments, and whether they contradict the government’s overall climate goals, is an open question in Norwegian politics. Because of the way the fund’s governance is structured, it may not be easy to resolve. On the other hand, some people consider pension funds, like the State Teachers Retirement System (STRS) in Ohio, to be quasi-SWF. They have a very strict separation between the people who make up the management division and the fund owners. No teacher or professor would want to invest in things that may harm the future of their students. At the same time, a fund manager might see an opportunity in a diversified multinational corporation that offers a good return, despite it deriving part of its revenue from e-cigarettes. These contests are very apparent. Domestic politics can work in host countries too. A good example is Singapore’s SWF, Temasek, investing in Thailand’s telecommunications sector. If you study political economy, you already know that countries everywhere are uncomfortable with foreign ownership of their telecom sectors because a foreign entity could monitor or manipulate our communications with each other. In the case of Temasek, there was significant pushback from Thai citizens surrounding the deal, which went on to influence national political sentiment toward Singapore as a whole, underscoring the risks some SWFs may face with their investment choices. In this case, fund behavior led to the dissolution of the entire Thai government in 2006 and a subsequent coup d’état. GJIA: To address some of this unease, the Santiago Principles were established in 2009 to ostensibly promote trust and transparency. From your perspective, have these mechanisms actually changed fund behavior? KL: In international relations theory, we always like to have a clear set of norms and best practices—the orientation we want the proverbial ship to be going in. In that regard, the Santiago Principles at least got the discussion going about which direction SWFs should take at a time when people were very skittish about the growing size of these funds. Nobody wanted them to be out there and potentially destabilizing economies, so talks about disclosure, conditions for withdrawal, and the independence of managers were helpful when initiated. The biggest stumbling block was that there wasn’t exactly a good way to measure compliance with the Principles, let alone how to hold funds to them. If you read the Principles, they’re overall quite vague. In general, a fund doesn’t want to reveal how and why they make certain investment decisions because that information is proprietary—a fund makes money off of how and why it makes decisions—so how do you reconcile that with loosely-defined ideas of openness? Some decisions might have a political purpose. The bottom line is that trying to figure out and assign a score to compliance is not easy, and it is therefore the reason why the Santiago Principles never really got off the ground to the point where they could truly direct fund behavior. GJIA: Many emerging markets are looking to build their own SWFs from mineral and oil revenues. Historically, have funds shaped development trajectories in these countries? KL: I think the big story in international emerging markets investment is that the investment is increasingly no longer unidirectional. In the past multinational corporations of primarily Western background were the main form of foreign direct investment in a country. That has changed dramatically, to the point where you have companies from so-called “developing countries” taking over companies in the United States. Therefore, the landscape of international investment has changed, and I think SWFs are certainly a possibility to be the next step in the game. Historically, you didn’t need an entire financial vehicle to reinvest commodity revenues in your country, but as emerging markets get more financially sophisticated, their capacity to operate such funds has increased. SWFs would allow treasuries to move from relying on holding foreign exchange assets like cash or government bonds to having broader financial markets and targeted growth areas, while easing pressure on welfare expenditures. GJIA: With their increasing financial weight, do you see the presence of SWFs being a factor in the political choices leaders will have to make with regard to domestic and foreign policy? KL: It will depend on just how big the funds get. One of the reasons people are already apprehensive is because of their scale, and if certain SWFs in certain countries achieve a large-enough size, the presence will absolutely be cause for concern. The other factor political leaders will have to consider are their objectives. It’s not always clear how to define a SWF, or even where its activity is concentrated, but it is certainly a worry from the perspective of national security of opaque external investment. More than that, I think one of the most interesting questions going forward is whether the United States, the home to the world’s largest financial markets, will develop its own fund, for which the Trump administration announced a plan. There have also been several proposals in Congress. Were it to come into being, it would have tremendous weight. At the same time, one of the hallmarks of U.S. capitalism is a lack of government ownership of shares, so it would not be clear how such a fund would be received in domestic politics, or which direction it would take. Given how politically fragmented the country is, a Democratic administration would likely be concerned about different sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, and want investment there, rather than a Republican administration, which might prefer defense industries. No investment vehicle could thrive under conditions of such instability. Moreover, it remains unclear where the money to fund a theoretical U.S. SWF would come from. It would be a fundamentally different entity depending on whether it is financed with debt, economic surplus, commodities, or the sale of state companies, as in the case of Singapore. If it is debt, or government borrowing of some form, then the fund would have to outperform whatever the cost of that debt is, which is not an easy thing to do. I think our political leaders have enough on their plate. Our system has worked well keeping political and investment functions generally separate. We have seen different forms of business rise and fall, and even the perception of different countries, all of which funds are tied to. Unless a major SWF either starts—like in the case of the United States—or collapses—an issue that concerns the Saudis, I don’t see any political tsunamis on the horizon. . . . Kathryn Lavelle is the Ellen and Dixon Long Professor of World Affairs at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Her research explores the exchange between domestic and international and political institutions with a particular emphasis on political economy and multilateralism. Dr. Lavelle’s first book, The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets, explored the political circumstances that surround large issues of stock in the developing world. After being granted tenure at Case Western, she was awarded an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship and named the William A. Steiger fellow, a designation given to the most promising political scientist in her class of fellows. While in Washington during 2006-2007, she worked on the staff of the House Committee on Financial Services on issues related to domestic and international monetary policy. Dr. Lavelle holds a PhD in political science from Northwestern University; an M.A. in government and foreign affairs from the University of Virginia; and a bachelor’s degree in international economics from Georgetown University. She is a permanent member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and length. Interview conducted by Sid Mehrotra. Image Credit: Jason Leung, Unsplash Content Licenses, via Unsplash
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