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Q&A: When is screen time healthy and when is it not?

Screen time is blamed for a lot of unhealthy outcomes, especially among children, but screen time can be used for a variety of things, from doom scrolling to learning and more. In this Q&A, Penn State researchers explain how people can consider what constitutes healthy or unhealthy screen use.

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Jun 9 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • psu.edu
Jays Lose To Phillies

Phillies 5 Blue Jays 2 We knew this was going to be a tough one. Cristopher Sánchez came into the game with a 1.46 ERA and he’s allowed just 1 run in his last 5 starts, covering 38 innings. The most earned runs he’s given up in a game was 2 and, well, we got […]

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Jun 8 • 10:26 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Opinion | Michigan’s PreK for All program helps our state’s small businesses thrive

Every parent deserves the opportunity to work, every child deserves the support to learn and grow, and Michigan’s small business community depends on a strong, resilient workforce.

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Jun 8 • 5:48 PM EDT • Business • bridgemi.com
What parents should know for children's eye health

Subtle signs of vision problems in children are easy to miss. Learn when to schedule eye exams and how to protect children’s eye health early.

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Jun 8 • 5:23 PM EDT • Health • utphysicians.com
We can create the future of science right now

Paul Litvak is the founder and Executive Director of the Robyn Dawes Institute and a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley. He has a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research from Carnegie Mellon where he studied emotions and the sunk cost bias. Over 15 years in industry, he solved a wide range of challenging technical problems. At Meta he created models optimizing the ad review process. At Google he ran experiments to measure social influence. At Airbnb, he was a product manager leading machine learning teams optimizing search ranking and price suggestions. He also co-founded and led product at Rhythmic Health, a venture-backed biosensing startup, creating an accurate low cost system using a color changing strip and a smart phone to measure salivary lactate. The bottleneck At this point, it is uncontroversial to say that science needs to stop using the PDF article as the unit of knowledge and currency. The unbearable slowness of scientific publishing, the profit motive and margins: I’m not saying anything new. The PDF also sucks because it’s hard to extract structured information, which makes it hard to do evidence synthesis. As a result, we do much less evidence synthesis than is needed. And evidence synthesis ultimately undergirds most policy and medical decision-making. I can see second-by-second real-time odds for any sporting or newsworthy event, but a school board can’t see the best evidence on whether their 8th graders should be taught algebra. As a society, we don’t treat this as an important problem. Again, not controversial. Not only is the problem well understood, but the solution has already been laid out. What we need is AI-assisted living evidence synthesis - (1) an open knowledge graph of atomic claims, (2) claims linked to evidence, (3) assessment and synthesis of each piece of evidence, and (4) continuous updating with new data. What few realize (yet) is that the technical capacity to build this vision for a significant portion of science already exists. Not only that, scientists and startup teams are already building many of these components. I know this because I’ve been surveying the space and talking to many of the builders. There are some missing pieces: for example, evaluations of how well some of the components work. But at this point, most of what’s missing is a fully end-to-end working integration of all of these parts. In the rest of this essay, I’m going to lay out all the parts of a working living evidence layer for science and who is working on them, and propose concrete next steps for building this system. What’s now possible The diagram above outlines the components of a living evidence synthesis platform, including some of the teams working on each component1. Scientific PDFs are processed into claims with associated evidence. The evidence is subjected to a forensic audit, methodological evaluation and robustness and reproducibility checks. Finally it’s given a weight in a continuously updating synthesis. What follows is a description and status of each component and a few of the teams working on them. Document understanding The first thing you need to be able to do is turn an article into structured data. Mostly that means parsing PDFs. There are often multicolumn layouts that confuse non-specialized PDF to text processing libraries. For scientific papers, there is the added complexity of parsing formulas and tables and figures. This is a really hot area - there are startups offering APIs, and it seems like a new open source package gets posted to Github every few weeks. What follows isn’t exhaustive. A package called GROBID was the state of the art for a while, they didn’t update their package for nearly two years until very recently. In the meantime reducto.ai released an AI powered PDF extraction API, PaddleOCR became popular, IBM released a model called Docling, and both Mistral and Gemini created models and libraries. I also know of at least one other well-funded psychology research group working on a paper parser. By contrast, there are few open evals in this space, with no extensive evals for complex table comprehension in particular. Nonetheless, I’m confident this will be a solved problem soon, given the combination of LLM advances and developer interest. Hypothesis level extraction There has been increasing interest in comprehending the extracted text of papers and linking information to evidence for each hypothesis. A lot of work has already been done. Trialstreamer (Marshall et al. 2020) and RobotReviewer LIVE (Marshall et al. 2023) demonstrated automated extraction of trial population, intervention, and outcome at scale on clinical RCTs. PaperQA2 (Skarlinski et al. 2024) and Ai2 ScholarQA (2024) extended this to retrieval-augmented question answering with citation grounding. Elicit, Consensus, and SciSpace operationalized claim-level extraction for end users. OpenEval (Booeshaghi et al. 2026) is the most recent and most ambitious: 1.96 million atomic claims extracted from 16,087 eLife manuscripts using Claude Sonnet 4.5, grouped into ~299,000 results, with LLM evaluations showing 81% agreement with human peer review on a 2,487-paper subset. None of these solutions link claims to test-statistics, as you would need to evaluate randomized controlled trials. This is why I built the evidence.guide API - to extract hypotheses and associated test statistics from behavioral science papers. The best public eval of this kind of extraction I’m aware of comes from the recent SCORE project - they had humans code thousands of psychology papers to extract their claims by hand. It would be extremely helpful to the world if all scientific PDFs were available as structured open data. I’ve been working to make this happen, both directly at Berkeley and through coordination with large entities I can’t yet speak of; as hard as it is to do, I think it’s possible2. Forensic audit A lot of work has been done on forensic audit, but some gaps remain. Of course, for biology papers that rely on images for evidence, there are a variety of tools (notably Proofig and ImageTwin) to spot anomalies. These are still well short of what sleuths like Elizabeth Bik can do on her own, but these tools are constant companions among fraud analysts. There’s someone working on auditing Excel files for anomalies, and a number of teams are automating numerical checks like GRIM and SPRITE, including Scrutiny project, the INSPECT-SR team as well as statcheck. The regcheck team is building a way to use AI to compare preregistrations to analyses in papers, to ensure there aren’t significant deviations. Nonetheless, there are many other kinds of anomalies to screen for, both public and less publicly known. And there are no formal evals for anomaly detection that I’m aware of. Still, there’s a lot to draw from in this space and I’m pretty certain we will be able to scan papers for most kinds of obvious anomalies in the near future. Methodological review This area has been white hot, though I fear for many of the startups in this space, because this capability may become commoditized. There are at least six different AI peer review companies, including Refine.ink, Reviewer3, ReviewerZero.ai, Q.E.D. Science, Paper Wizard, and Isitcredible. Coarse (a pun on refine) was also recently created as an open source alternative. These systems provide qualitative feedback on the content of papers, spotting methodological weaknesses and mathematical errors. They seem to work pretty well, and many academics report bitterly that they exceed the average quality of typical peer reviewers. But there are few evals here either. What evals exist so far involve using LLM-as-judge (circularity problems abound) or comparing against human reviews of questionable quality. What you’d ideally want is an eval that measures capturing known errors in papers3. Reproducibility and robustness Another active area has been using AI agents to automate computational reproducibility4 and robustness5 checks in papers that report numerical results. For more recent papers where data and code are available, AI agents can see whether they can re-run the analyses and produce the numbers reported in the published paper. In addition to a handful of individual academics who have been experimenting using Claude Code for this, the Institute for Replication is a leading group working on building an end to end system. The evals related to this problem are the most mature, with CORE-Bench (Siegel, Kapoor, Narayanan 2024) and PaperBench (OpenAI 2025) available to benchmark agents on this task. There is also work on getting AI agents to test alternative ways of analyzing the data to ensure the results are robust to small analytic design choices. Synthesis This is the most underdeveloped area where significant investment is required. Although some automated evidence synthesis systems exist — for example, otto-sr is building an AI agent to write systematic reviews — none of these incorporate the full range of paper level signals to weight evidence appropriately. Nor is there anything like an eval or a gold standard for a good systematic review. Arguably Cochrane reviews are the closest we have to gold standard human systematic reviews, though I’ve heard academics in the know complain about their uneven quality. A key question for a synthesis platform is how to weight anomalies and methodological issues in assessing the quality of a piece of evidence. This is an unsolved problem and one I’m very keen to work on. Continuous updating There are many pieces of basic infrastructure available for monitoring for new research and initiating updates. OpenAlex is the current open citation graph. Retraction Watch integrated into Crossref in October 2023. Scite tracks how citations support, contrast, or mention prior claims. The Living Evidence Network demonstrated continuous-update workflows in clinical guidelines. Engineering this is a relatively straightforward task. When you look over this technical architecture and all the progress being made, it’s hard not to be optimistic that a living guide to scientific evidence will be built. The stakeholders are ready The social infrastructure for this is starting to coalesce — it’s not just a pie in the sky academic exercise to imagine this coming into existence. Institutions like the Center for Open Science, the Institute for Replication, the INSPECT-SR, the Living Evidence Network and more are all working on scaling work to improve research quality. Funders are also aligned. The Sloan Foundation has funded living evidence work through COS. Coefficient Giving supports the Institute for Replication and COS. The Astera Institute and the Institute for Progress have shown interest in this space. NIH has established an Office for Replication and Reproducibility. Although there are (very unfortunately) serious headwinds in science funding generally, there is an active group of funders interested in metascience. A brief word about what I’ve been doing at RDI. First, as a Visiting Scholar at Berkeley I’ve been actively figuring out how a non-profit and a public university can conduct and make public the results of large-scale academic article data mining. With some of the money I raised from donors, I commissioned a legal analysis of recent case law and publisher text data mining (TDM) agreements in order to understand whether a massive open data mining of academic articles is possible (with caveats, it is). I’ve also been working to bring together stakeholders in this space, and identify gaps. I’ve also been doing some software development in this space, with more to come. A pilot proposal The assumption undergirding all of this is that an AI, given all this information, would make the right judgment about a scientific claim with lots of conflicting evidence, weighing all the factors appropriately. That’s the hypothesis we need to test. Randomized control trial research is the best place to focus on first. RCTs are used to make many of the important decisions in society - from medical trials to public policy changes. And they use a relatively uniform set of inferential statistics with lots of known and available diagnostics. Behavioral science experiments, within the broader realm of RCTs, should be first used as a testbed whose results can be generalized. Because behavioral science is at the vanguard of open science practices, replications abound (there are thousands of them) to serve as ground truth training data. Key Hypothesis Therefore the pilot would test, in behavioral RCTs that have been replicated, whether the quality of evidence for a claim can be used to accurately predict whether that claim will replicate. Secondary Hypotheses Compared to claims that replicated, non-replicated claims demonstrate a greater share of forensic anomalies in their source literatures. Hypothesis level claim and statistic extraction is accurate enough to scale living evidence without onerous human review costs. Replication prediction is more accurate than prediction markets6 or journal prestige. If all the different quality signals we gather do accurately predict which studies will replicate, then we can use that model to score evidence to power the living evidence layer. Why this is informative regardless of outcome If the pilot succeeds, the architecture extends to medical RCTs (where Living Evidence already operates and integration is mostly about claim representation), then to slices of basic biology with stable replication structure. If it fails, the field learns which quality signals are load-bearing and which ones metascience has oversold. Either result is a contribution to knowing what the literature supports. Implications for funders Because this burgeoning ecosystem of builders already exists, a well-informed philanthropic or government funder could play a crucial catalyzing role in bringing this future about. They could play at least three roles: creating open structured datasets, publishing open benchmarks and incentivizing the solving of key technical challenges. First, open archives of papers that the government maintains, like PubMed, could be turned into structured data amenable to large scale metascience and claim aggregation. I know the US government already has an interest in doing this, though some key open questions remain unanswered. How do you determine the best models and systems for accurately extracting information from papers? How can you establish a robust way to allow researchers to flag errors and correct them? And finally, how do you create a legal regime in working with publishers to maximize the scope of available papers? For the latter, a university or a private philanthropy may be better positioned to make structured data publicly available under journal subscription terms or fair use. Philanthropists or government funders could also coordinate to create or commission benchmarks that evaluate whether important problems have been solved. For example, an open benchmark for claim extraction from a range of different scientific article types would be extremely helpful. Ensuring the underlying data are accurate is vital for creating these evaluations. I’ve discussed opportunistically using various human-created datasets for this purpose, but a consistent problem is that errors in human data make it difficult for them to serve as a gold standard. Finally, with structured data and benchmarks available, the government or private philanthropy could use them to incentivize groups to develop machine learning systems that meet these benchmarks. Prizes are one potentially valuable tool for this. For example, you could establish a prize for a system that accurately updates a living meta-analysis for a small set of claims. Prizes are particularly useful as signals of problem importance, and can help create vibrant ecosystems of public and private research—see, for example the role the government played in kickstarting the current work on nuclear fusion. Conclusion The drawbacks of the current scientific publishing system are known. Scientists agree, metascientists agree, philanthropists agree: the published PDF plus citation graph isn’t the right substrate for maintaining a representation of the evidence base in science. The pieces needed to build the alternative either already exist or are rapidly taking shape. The community is forming around exactly this problem, with concrete partnerships and shared infrastructure. A pilot should start on behavioral science RCTs because that’s the slice of empirical science most amenable to legibility, where replication ground truth is richest, and where the failure modes are best documented. What’s been missing is the galvanizing mission to assemble these pieces into something that works. That’s what I’m proposing to build. *** 1 I have a broader field map that I’ll release publicly soon. This is me, building in public! 2 If this is something that you are excited about, please reach out and talk to me. 3 More on this very soon too! 4 This tests whether, given the code and the data, you can get the same statistics as reported in the published paper. 5 This tests whether the results are the same as a paper’s given alternative analytical decisions in conducting the analysis (like outlier omission). Closely related is the idea of a “multiverse” where you come up with many different ways of answering the same underlying research question with the same data, and test whether the results hold in all those alternative methods. There’s been work on the latter as well. 6 Some of the replications, e.g. those from the SCORE project, had paired the experiments with forecasts from prediction markets. So we get to look at this for free.

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Jun 8 • 4:44 PM EDT • Science • goodscience.substack.com
Crain’s Cleveland earns top honors in state journalism award

Crain's Cleveland was recognized with multiple awards at the Cleveland Press Club event.

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Jun 8 • 3:43 PM EDT • Business • crainscleveland.com
Science Museum Oklahoma offers free admission for dads on Father's Day

Science Museum Oklahoma invites fathers to enjoy free admission on Father's Day with a child's ticket purchase, encouraging family learning and exploration.

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Jun 8 • 2:05 PM EDT • Science • journalrecord.com
Island Areas Pursue Policies That Advance Health Outcomes

Learn about legislation in island areas from the past year to strengthen infrastructure, prevention strategies, health care oversight, and more.

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Jun 8 • 12:00 PM EDT • Health • astho.org
International business students share their experience at Lynn

At Lynn University, international business students learn business analytics, global marketing, cross-cultural communications and more to pursue a wide…

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Jun 8 • 11:07 AM EDT • Business • lynn.edu
MSE Receives Seven Industry Honors

Led by Monumental Sports Network's Sports Media Platform of the Year honor and MSE Productions' Best Documentary, Long Form award, MSE earned additional recognition for innovation, storytelling, production excellence, and fan engagement Washington, D.C. (June 8, 2026)— Monumental Sports & Entertainment (MSE) was recognized with seven awards across two of the sports industry's most prestigious awards

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Jun 8 • 10:56 AM EDT • Entertainment • monumentalsports.com
MSE Receives Seven Industry Honors

Led by Monumental Sports Network's Sports Media Platform of the Year honor and MSE Productions' Best Documentary, Long Form award, MSE earned additional recognition for innovation, storytelling, production excellence, and fan engagement Washington, D.C. (June 8, 2026)— Monumental Sports & Entertainment (MSE) was recognized with seven awards across two of the sports industry's most prestigious awards

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Jun 8 • 10:56 AM EDT • Sports • monumentalsports.com
Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Unit Portsmouth Earns Top Marks in Radiation Health Audit

The Radiation Health team at Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Unit Portsmouth has earned top marks following a recent audit conducted by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, placing the program among the top 10 percent of Radiation Health programs across the U.S. Navy.

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Jun 8 • 8:04 AM EDT • Health • dvidshub.net
$1.5M Gift Establishes the Chase-Bear-Dyer Advanced Triage Unit at UConn Health and the Chase-Bear-Dyer Family Classroom at the UConn School of Law

The gift will expand the emergency care department at UConn Health and enhance learning spaces for School of Law students

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Jun 8 • 7:15 AM EDT • Health • today.uconn.edu
The weather and climate science AI revolution isn’t revolutionary

Machine learning has its limits—how is it being used?

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Jun 8 • 7:00 AM EDT • Science • arstechnica.com
Florida earns C- for maternal mental health care

About one in five U.S. moms experience maternity-related mental health conditions like postpartum depression, and most don't get the treatment they need.

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Jun 8 • 6:20 AM EDT • Health • axios.com
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Citigroup lifts S&P 500 year-end target to 8,100 on earnings strength, AI 'supercycle'

Citigroup became the latest Wall Street brokerage to raise its 2026-end target for the S&P 500 index beyond ​the 8,000 mark, citing resilience in corporate earnings and ‌AI-driven growth.

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Jun 8 • 5:19 AM EDT • Business • reuters.com
Bedside and beyond: WGU targets adults to fill region’s critical healthcare openings

Learn how WGU helps working adults build careers in nursing, health administration and health technology.

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Jun 8 • 5:00 AM EDT • Business • crainsdetroit.com
What To Expect From Academy Sports’s (ASO) Q1 Earnings

Sporting goods retailer Academy Sports & Outdoor (NASDAQ:ASO) will be announcing earnings results this Tuesday morning. Here’s what to expect.

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Jun 8 • 4:21 AM EDT • Sports • finance.yahoo.com
Why You Need to Prepare Your iPhone Before Downloading iOS 27

Prepare for the iOS 27 beta release at WWDC 2026. Learn about new AI features, Siri 2.0, and which older iPhone models will lose support.

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Jun 8 • 2:30 AM EDT • Technology • geeky-gadgets.com
Jon Cryer thought Andrew McCarthy was a 'dick' amid 'all kinds of issues' filming 'Pretty in Pink'

Jon Cryer initially thought his 'Pretty in Pink' costar Andrew McCarthy was a 'dick' amid 'all kinds of issues' on the 1986 film set, before learning that McCarthy was 'battling his own demons.'

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Jun 7 • 8:27 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
ProBiotix Health targets long-term women’s health beyond menopause symptom support

Women’s health research is growing, and scientists are learning that supporting consumers through menopause means going beyond addressing symptoms. Cellan Davies, head of marketing at ProBiotix Health, tells Nutrition Insight which menopause-support ingredients and formulation approaches are gaining the most traction within women’s health.

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Jun 7 • 8:05 PM EDT • Health • nutritioninsight.com
Aaliyah Auginash places in top three overall at Native American Youth Science and Engineering Fair in Pine Point, MN

Red Lake Tribal Council: Congratulations to Aaliyah Auginash, enjoy DisneyWorld!! Aaliyah placed in the top three overall in the Native American Youth Science and Engineering Fair (NAISEF) in Pine Point, MN and earned herself a free trip this summer with her "Dancing Roots" experiment. Native American Youth Science and Engineering Fair Bemidji Midd...

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Jun 7 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • redlakenationnews.com
Transforming the health care financial close with BlackLine automation

RSM details how BlackLine can improve financial performance across the health care landscape, while enhancing patient outcomes. Learn more.

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Jun 7 • 8:00 PM EDT • Health • rsmus.com
What challenges face learners starting secondary science?

For learners moving from primary to new routines and labs in secondary school can be daunting, but a smooth move is possible

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Jun 7 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • edu.rsc.org
Olympic legend Simone Biles reveals health scare

We are learning more this weekend after Olympic legend Simone Biles revealed that she "almost died" in a social media post made on Saturday. Biles has only shared vague details about the experience that appears to have left her shaken. "I'm not one to normally share things like this because I value privacy in today's age. But almost dying wasn't on my bingo card this week," Biles wrote. This comes after back in November when Biles revealed she had recently undergone three plastic surgeries.

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Jun 7 • 6:58 PM EDT • Health • livenowfox.com
Minecraft Dungeons II date announce

Minecraft Dungeons II has a release date, and it's September 28, 2026! Learn more about what awaits you and watch the animated trailer!

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Jun 7 • 4:00 PM EDT • Technology • minecraft.net
Campbell’s Earnings Are Coming. Investors Want Signs Its Snack Business Is Stabilizing.

Campbell’s reports fiscal third-quarter earnings on Monday as investors look for evidence that weakness in its snacks business is easing after a difficult first half.

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Jun 7 • 4:00 PM EDT • Business • barrons.com
BOSS Summit Miami Helps Owners Maximize Business Exit Value

BOSS Summit Miami brought business owners together to learn exit planning, tax strategies, wealth preservation, and M&A.

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Jun 7 • 3:29 PM EDT • Business • hauteliving.com
DMZ - New Intel on Call of Duty’s Extraction Shooter Experience

Today at #XBOXGamesShowcase, Activision and Infinity Ward revealed the first look at DMZ, the definitive Call of Duty extraction shooter experience. Learn more:

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Jun 7 • 2:09 PM EDT • Technology • news.xbox.com
How lessons learned from NFL Draft can benefit business during World Cup

KC 2026 CEO Pam Kramer explains how the lessons Kansas City has learned from the NFL Draft can benefit business during the World Cup

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Jun 7 • 11:50 AM EDT • Business • kmbc.com
How Rockets can learn from Knicks

The Knicks are on track to win an NBA title. What can the Rockets learn from them?

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Jun 7 • 10:18 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Cubs' Ryan Rolison: Earns fifth win Saturday

Cubs' Ryan Rolison: Earns fifth win Saturday

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Jun 7 • 9:14 AM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com
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Communication Is The Lifeblood Of Your Business—Don’t Mess It Up

Learn how unified communications reduce friction, improve customer experience, boost loyalty, and help employees deliver seamless support across channels.

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Jun 7 • 8:30 AM EDT • Business • forbes.com
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Josh McDaniels: Drake Maye knows a hell of a lot more than he did last year at this time

"This offseason is different," McDaniels said. "Last offseason, we were just getting to know the language and learning how to operate within a system of offensive football."

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Jun 7 • 8:10 AM EDT • Sports • nbcsports.com
How 617 Day became Cambridge’s small business holiday

It was a bright summer day when business owners, local leaders and community members filed into Harvard Square’s dimly lit and aesthetically retro Comedy Studio. As people mingled, sipping coffee and feasting on a full service breakfast, they eagerly awaited a day of learning and networking. What they didn’t anticipate was a day defined by […]

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Jun 7 • 8:00 AM EDT • Business • cambridgeday.com
Myles Garrett delivers in his first L.A. appearance

As Dolphins quarterback Malik Willis learned last month, throwing out the first pitch at a Major League Baseball game is usually a no-win proposition.

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Jun 7 • 7:52 AM EDT • Sports • nbcsports.com
How to find mental health support in central Ohio

You are not alone. Learn how to find mental health support and local resources in central Ohio today.

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Jun 7 • 6:00 AM EDT • Health • dispatch.com
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The Key Things We Learned about the Vikings This Spring

It’s safe to say the Minnesota Vikings’ offseason is over, as the club reported to organized team activities last week […]

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Jun 6 • 8:22 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
World Ocean Day Celebration at Seacoast Science Center

For Seacoast Science Center, this year marks a remarkable 35 years of providing outstanding coastal and ocean education at Odiorne Point State Park along the New Hampshire seacoast! World Ocean Day, a global celebration that honors our one shared ocean, presents the perfect opportunity for us to invite our community to come together and celebrate the ocean that connects us all.On June 20th, the Center will host its flagship World Ocean Day celebration from 10 AM to 2 PM. Enjoy hands-on games, educational activities, naturalist-led tide pooling sessions, music, and much more! You’ll also have the opportunity to meet local scientists, divers, artists, and conservationists who are dedicated to safeguarding our one world ocean. See the schedule and the organizations joining us on our event web page: https://www.seacoastsciencecenter.org/world-ocean-dayWe can’t wait to see you by the coast for learning, discovery, and plenty of fun, all aimed at inspiring the conservation of our Blue Planet!

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Jun 6 • 7:27 PM EDT • Science • nhpr.org
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From Bystanders to Heart Savers: MedStar Health CPR Training Event Puts Power to Save Lives in Community's Hands

MedStar Health marked CPR & AED Awareness Week with its third annual training event held at Montgomery Blair High School. Nearly 100 attendees learned bystander CPR and automated external defibrillator (AED) skills from a team of CPR-certified instructors at no cost.

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Jun 6 • 6:13 PM EDT • Health • finance.yahoo.com
NY Giants minicamp storylines: Lots of competition at wide receiver

What will we learn about the NY Giants wide receivers in mini-camp?

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Jun 6 • 3:00 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
I gave my daughter a "Yes Day" for her birthday

I let my daughter lead for a day on her birthday and learned kids want time, attention, and trust.

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Jun 6 • 2:27 PM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
I co-own a vending machine business with my 10-year-old. He's learning tough lessons.
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Jun 6 • 2:01 PM EDT • Business • yahoo.com
My 10-year-old started a vending machine business

Christina Nicholson says her son Landon launched a vending machine business at 10 and quickly learned lessons about profit and patience.

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Jun 6 • 2:01 PM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Picking an Experimentation Platform: A Retrospective

My approach to guiding the choice between Eppo and Statsig, and the lessons learned

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Jun 6 • 1:00 PM EDT • Science • towardsdatascience.com
Stupid hot: Heat waves cause cognitive changes in animals, making them more aggressive and unable to complete basic tasks

As temperatures rise, some creatures pick fights while others struggle to learn. The consequences of these behavioral changes may ripple through ecosystems.

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Jun 6 • 1:00 PM EDT • Science • livescience.com
UPS CEO’s $20M Gift Expands Full-Ride Scholars Program To University Of Wyoming Business School

UW alumni Carol and Ramon Tomé’s new gift will fund full-ride scholarships, expand applied learning, and launch a business-focused scholars program in 2027.

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Jun 6 • 12:11 PM EDT • Business • poetsandquantsforundergrads.com
Des Moines Performing Arts investments fuel 30 Tony Award nominations

Des Moines Performing Arts invested in three Broadway shows that earned 30 Tony Award nominations this season.

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Jun 6 • 7:01 AM EDT • Entertainment • desmoinesregister.com
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'Plenty to learn'

Northern Ireland manager Michael McArdle says "there were far too many turnovers" during his side's 2-1 defeat against Turkey in Istanbul.

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Jun 6 • 5:55 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Mets' Christian Scott: Earns second win Friday

Mets' Christian Scott: Earns second win Friday

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Jun 6 • 1:11 AM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com
Brewers' Trevor Megill: Earns win despite blown save

Brewers' Trevor Megill: Earns win despite blown save

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Jun 6 • 12:28 AM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com
‘Regular Communication Has Helped’ Tiger Woods and Vanessa Trump ‘Cope’ amid Their Health Struggles (Exclusive Source)

Tiger Woods, 50, and Vanessa Trump, 48, are leaning on each other for support as they overcome their own health challenges together, PEOPLE has exclusively learned.

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Jun 5 • 11:12 PM EDT • Health • people.com
Functional food science lab changing how students learn

LEWISTOWN — A new kind of lab is reshaping how students think about agriculture — and it doesn’t look like a farm. Inside the Mifflin County Academy of Science and Technology in Lewistown, students are stepping into a growing field where food safety, science, and innovation meet. When Agricultural Sciences instructor Nicolette Cusate arrived at […]

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Jun 5 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • lewistownsentinel.com
Hanover County grandmother turned pre-Civil War recipe into multi-million dollar business

Lillie Pearl Fearnow turned a pre-Civil War family recipe into Fearnow’s Brunswick Stew, a product that became a staple in pantries across the south.

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Jun 5 • 6:54 PM EDT • Business • 12onyourside.com
Breaking News: NFL Franchise To Move To New State (Report)

The NFL has learned that one of their historic franchises will officially have a new home. The bombshell news surfaced on Friday morning and has gone viral throughout the league. The NFL has not seen a team move locations since 2020 (the Raiders to Las Vegas) and 2016 (the Rams to Los Angeles). Now, there […] The post Breaking News: NFL Franchise To Move To New State (Report) appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.

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Jun 5 • 4:48 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Chrome Sets Browser Speed Records on M5 MacBook Pro

Google's Chrome browser hit new records on browser benchmarking tools Speedometer 3.1 and JetStream 3, Google said today. Chrome earned a score of 61 on Speedometer, a five percent improvement since last year. It earned a 469 on JetStream 3, a 10 percent improvement since the beginning of 2026. Tests were done on an M5 MacBook Pro running macOS 26.0.1. Google says it holds a dual record across all browsers, beating every other Mac browser, including Safari.

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Jun 5 • 1:38 PM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com
Business Report launches the AI Academy to help business leaders move from understanding to implementation

As artificial intelligence rapidly reshapes the business landscape, Business Report’s training division is launching the Business Report AI Academy, a new executive education experience designed to help small and mid-sized business leaders move beyond uncertainty and into practical implementation. Sponsored by Pellerin Technology, the five-session Academy provides a structured leadership learning path that guides participants […]

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Jun 5 • 1:27 PM EDT • Business • businessreport.com
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What science has learned about living longer in the last 10 years

From the gut microbiome to the mechanics of cellular aging, here is what a decade of longevity research has revealed about how and why we age

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Jun 5 • 11:18 AM EDT • Science • qz.com
$13 Million Gift Creates Cedars-Sinai Holoman Health Equity

Learn more about the $13 million donation from Eric and Terri Holoman to Cedars-Sinai that will seek solutions to systemic lapses in equitable healthcare.

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Jun 5 • 11:00 AM EDT • Health • cedars-sinai.org
AHA, West Health launch learning collaborative on aging care

The AHA is launching a new learning collaborative, Adopting Digital Tools for Better Aging Care, which is part of the West Health Accelerator at AHA’s Health Research & Educational Trust.

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Jun 5 • 10:17 AM EDT • Health • aha.org
Octopuses use mirrors to find food they cannot see

Octopuses may be even smarter than we thought. Researchers at Dartmouth found that octopuses can learn to use mirrors to locate food hidden behind them—a skill previously seen only in vertebrates like mammals and birds. After training, the animals correctly identified the food’s location about 73% of the time, showing they could use a mirror as a tool rather than simply reacting to a reflection.

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Jun 5 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • sciencedaily.com
Branch and Hudson Earn College Sports Communicators Academic All-District Honors

ATHENS-----University of Georgia senior shortstop Kolby Branch and senior first baseman/catcher Brennan Hudson have been named to the 2026 NCAA Division I Ac...

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Jun 5 • 8:00 AM EDT • Sports • georgiadogs.com
How this Baton Rouge nursing director helps her staff cope with daily dramas of the ER

Learn about Susan Green's 32-year nursing career journey from a $100 training course to leading her team with compassion and dedication through challenges like COVID-19.

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Jun 5 • 5:00 AM EDT • Health • nola.com
Unpacking Q1 Earnings: Equifax (NYSE:EFX) In The Context Of Other Data & Business Process Services Stocks

Wrapping up Q1 earnings, we look at the numbers and key takeaways for the data & business process services stocks, including Equifax (NYSE:EFX) and its peers.

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Jun 5 • 4:32 AM EDT • Business • finance.yahoo.com
African Media Entertainment's (JSE:AME) Conservative Accounting Might Explain Soft Earnings

Shareholders appeared unconcerned with African Media Entertainment Limited's ( JSE:AME ) lackluster earnings report...

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Jun 5 • 12:15 AM EDT • Entertainment • finance.yahoo.com
One Seahawks CB to watch during the 2026 preseason

Dansby’s ball skills, toughness and smarts are earning him picks but flying under the radar in his first month of offseason activity with the Seahawks

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Jun 4 • 8:36 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Science is HERE All Summer at The Tech Interactive

San Jose’s Science Center Announces Packed Lineup Headlined by Summer Camp, Tech Topple, DOME Series, Workshops, and Tech at Nite The Tech Interactive is bringing a summer full of hands-on science experiences to downtown San Jose, featuring STEM camps, immersive dome shows, interactive exhibits, workshops, and family-friendly activities designed for visitors of all ages. Learn more at https://www.thetech.org San Jose, CA, June 04, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Summer is HERE at The Tech Interactive,

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Jun 4 • 6:35 PM EDT • Science • finance.yahoo.com
ADHD Handwriting Similarities Go Viral

"Is that actually an ADHD thing, or did I just never learn how to write the right way?"

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Jun 4 • 5:57 PM EDT • Technology • buzzfeed.com
From detour to diploma, Maggie House ’26 earns Business degree

Maggie House '26 returned to Columbia College, earned her Business degree and transformed a detour into a success story.

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Jun 4 • 5:25 PM EDT • Business • connected.ccis.edu
Davenport’s Business Professionals of America students earn National Recognition at Leadership Conference

Students from Davenport University’s Business Professionals of America (BPA) chapter are showing the nation who’s boss. They recently returned from the 2026 Business Professionals of America National Leadership Conference with an impressive list of wins, including 10 first-place finishes, 35 Top 10 national placements and 14 industry-recognized certifications. The conference, held in

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Jun 4 • 1:53 PM EDT • Business • post.davenport.edu
Washington earns a B- in maternal mental health report

New moms are commonly screened for postpartum depression, but child care remains a major gap.

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Jun 4 • 9:20 AM EDT • Health • axios.com
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Is an Online Master’s Degree in AI a Good Idea?

A look at the real-world value of online graduate AI programs, combining hard data with firsthand experience of a big tech machine learning engineer

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Jun 4 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • towardsdatascience.com
Science Center of Iowa marks over 50 years as downtown Des Moines learning hub
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Jun 4 • 7:00 AM EDT • Science • cbs2iowa.com
Michigan earns B- on maternal mental health care

A new report highlights progress and ongoing care shortages.

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Jun 4 • 6:21 AM EDT • Health • axios.com
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MDOC says inmate with business degree can't read books on investing

The MDOC expressed concerns Michael Thomas wanted to run a business from prison, but Thomas says he has no money to invest and only wants to learn.

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Jun 4 • 6:06 AM EDT • Business • freep.com
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Travel Health Tips: How to Avoid Getting Sick

Learn how to prevent illness while traveling, including cruise and flight tips, immune support, and hantavirus safety tips from health experts.

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Jun 4 • 6:05 AM EDT • Health • urmc.rochester.edu
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USA TODAY Sports crowns Super 25 girls flag football national champ

A Florida girls flag football powerhouse finishes at No. 1 in the USA TODAY Sports Super 25, earning its first national championship.

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Jun 4 • 6:04 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Mexicana Emprende Program helps women grow business acumen

Through thirteen required lessons, participants learn foundational business concepts, including financial management, operations, marketing, and strategic planning.

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Jun 4 • 6:00 AM EDT • Business • bridgedetroit.com
Five Roadrunners earn prestigious National Science Foundation fellowship

The NSF fellowship provides vital support as the students and alumni advance their graduate research education.

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Jun 4 • 3:00 AM EDT • Science • news.utsa.edu
'Connections on the Road:' Youth mental health

During "Connections with Evan Dawson" on 6/4/26, we're live at the Greece Early Learning Center to explore youth mental health challenges and supports. Then, a special rebroadcast about allergies.

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Jun 4 • 2:09 AM EDT • Health • wxxinews.org
South Africa: 2026 World Cup Squad, Fixtures and Schedule

South Africa head into the 2026 FIFA World Cup with momentum after securing qualification and returning to the tournament for the first time since 2010.South Africa earned their place by finishing top...

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Jun 4 • 1:30 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Connie Chan celebrates primary in Chinatown

Chinese-Americans yearn for historic SF congress seat.

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Jun 3 • 10:13 PM EDT • Politics • sfexaminer.com
Alphabet's capital raise signals the end of low capex, high earnings business model: Expert

Blind Squirrel Macro's Rupert Mitchell hints at how investors may be underestimating a key transition underway when Big Tech moves to capital-intensive AI infrastructure operations. This move, the veteran capital market banker suggests could reshape the market dynamics that helped fuel U.S. equity outperformance over the past decade.

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Jun 3 • 9:06 PM EDT • Business • cnbc.com
This Stock Has No Business Being This Good, and It Just Keeps Going

This aerospace giant reported strong first-quarter 2026 earnings, and there's more good news on tap.

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Jun 3 • 3:35 PM EDT • Business • finance.yahoo.com
NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst Earns Prestigious Lung Cancer Screening Center Designation by the American College of Radiology - NYC Health + Hospitals

NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst today announced that it has been designated as a Lung Cancer Screening Center by the American College of Radiology (ACR),

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Jun 3 • 3:28 PM EDT • Health • nychealthandhospitals.org
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US Ignite Launches SURGE, a National Science Foundation-Supported Initiative to Empower Regional Innovation Coalitions Nationwide

“SURGE provides regional coalitions with structure, guidance, and connections in a peer learning environment. This new program is meant for both existing regional coalitions and leaders who are building new cross-sector partnerships.” -L.Arias, US Ignite Supporting U.S. Regional Growth & Entrepreneurship (SURGE) Convert regional momentum into results! WASHINGTON, June 03, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- US Ignite officially launched the Supporting U.S. Regional Growth & Entrepreneurship (SURGE) Program

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Jun 3 • 12:51 PM EDT • Science • finance.yahoo.com
Scientists just built a powerful AI computer worm that learns as it spreads

The prototype could help the world prepare for AI malware threats, the researchers say

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Jun 3 • 12:49 PM EDT • Science • scientificamerican.com
AHA to celebrate Community Health Improvement Week, June 8-12

The AHA and health care organizations across the country will celebrate Community Health Improvement Week, June 8-12. CHI Week honors those working in partnership to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities throughout the country. Hospitals and health systems are encouraged to plan in-person or virtual events to highlight and increase awareness of their work. LEARN MORE

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Jun 3 • 12:29 PM EDT • Health • aha.org
From Belfast to America: Learning to Prevent Political Violence and Heal Division

U.S. faith and civic leaders travel to Belfast with The Carter Center and Rethinking Conflict to learn how to prevent political violence, heal division, and strengthen democracy.

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Jun 3 • 12:26 PM EDT • Politics • cartercenter.org
MacBook Neo is So Popular That Apple Reportedly Doubled Production

On an earnings call in late April, Apple's CEO Tim Cook said that customer response to the MacBook Neo was "off the charts," and the popularity of the laptop has reportedly led the company to significantly boost production. Apple supply chain analyst Ming-Chi Kuo this week said he believes that MacBook Neo shipments to Apple were doubled from an initial target of 5 million units to 10 million units in 2026 at some point after the laptop launched in March.

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Jun 3 • 12:24 PM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com
Houston Texans Win Best On Instagram At The 8th Annual Hashtag Sports Awards

“The Running of the Bull: How the Houston Texans’ Mascot TORO Dominated Sports Social in 2025” also earned bronze honors in the Best on TikTok category.

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Jun 3 • 10:00 AM EDT • Sports • houstontexans.com
What nearly 80,000 earnings calls reveal about executive leadership

Leaders who ‘pass the mic’ to their colleagues and show cooperation during meetings are more likely to be promoted to CEO on average, according to new Columbia Business School research.

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Jun 3 • 9:19 AM EDT • Business • business.columbia.edu
Caleb Williams Madden cover: Bears QB earns honor for 2026
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Jun 3 • 8:05 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
I Wore a Smart Fart Wearable for Three Days. Here's What I Learned

Researchers at the University of Maryland are trying to get to the bottom of our farts.

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Technology • gizmodo.com
SFA business students gain global edge through immersive study abroad tour of Spain and Portugal

NACOGDOCHES, Texas –– Nearly 50 students from Stephen F. Austin State University’s Nelson Rusche College of Business participated in an intensive, faculty-led study abroad program in Spain and Portugal May 10-21.Led by Dr. Matthew Lindsey, chair of the Department of Management and Marketing, and Dr. Mikhail Kouliavtsev, chair of the Department of Economics and Finance, the experiential learning trip bridged classroom business theory with real-world international operations across the Iberian Peninsula.

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Business • sfasu.edu
The cult of objectivity has broken consciousness science

With 22 competing theories and no consensus in sight, the science of consciousness is lost. In this exclusive IAI interview, Berkeley psychedelics researcher and bestselling author of a new book on consciousness Michael Pollan insists that even though consciousness lies beyond traditional forms of scientific investigation, we should resist becoming dualists who see it as something radically different from ordinary stuff in the world. Instead, he makes the case for reimagining science itself: it must stop reaching for objective descriptions of physical reality, and instead embrace subjectivity as the indispensable core of all inquiry. Alasdair Craig: How did your experiences with psychedelics get you interested in consciousness?Michael Pollan: One of the things that happens on psychedelics is that they foreground consciousness. What formerly seemed perfectly transparent and ever present—and yet, non-existent, as water is to fish—suddenly you see it. The metaphor I use in the book is that psychedelics sponge the windscreen. Suddenly you realize: wow, there’s a windscreen, there is this phenomenon that’s mediating my relationship to reality. This is not an unusual realization on psychedelics. I think a lot of people are called to think about consciousness after psychedelic experiences. So that was the proximate inspiration for A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness (2026).And then there was a more specific way in which psychedelics influence the book. That was a particular experience I had on psilocybin. I had the sensation that the plants in my garden were conscious and returning my gaze, with their own point of view and agency, and I got curious as to how to evaluate an insight like that. I mean, what’s the truth quotient of insights you have on psychedelics? And I was reading William James—who, of course, wrote beautifully about mystical experience—and he said, we can’t judge the metaphysics here, but we should pay attention to two criteria: (1) How useful is it to think this is true? He was a pragmatist, of course. And (2) can we subject it to other ways of knowing to validate it? Because maybe we should treat these insights as hypotheses. And that’s kind of how I approach psychedelics, as a great generator of hypotheses, but they need to be tested against other ways of knowing. And so that led me down this long path exploring the science of plant intelligence and plant sentience.AC: I love your phrase, “smudging the windowpane of conscious experience.” So do you now start to think, actually, even when I’m not on psychedelics, I’m just seeing a screen all the time, which is not reality, but rather is my conscious experience, behind which reality is hidden?MP: Well, you know, not when I’m brushing my teeth and making breakfast! But yes, in meditation, certainly. I mean, one of the things you realize is that my experience happens to be this way now, but it could be another way. And many things can affect it. My morning coffee changes the screen in various ways, sharpens certain things.___The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness.___There’s this wonderful metaphor in Aldous Huxley’s book, The Doors of Perception, where he thinks we channel consciousness, and that what the brain does is edit it, and there’s a reducing valve. And psychedelics open the reducing valve wider. I don’t know that I’m ready to buy into the idea that consciousness exists outside brains, but I do love that metaphor because there are times when you are more conscious than others. I know I’ve switched from window pane to valve, but you know, a camera aperture can open wider or narrower. And I do have a sense of that. I have a sense of when I’m being less conscious, and when I’m being more conscious, by which I mean, you know, more present, taking in more sensory information. So when you start thinking about consciousness as a matter of degree, that changes things also.I think when we scroll on social media, obviously, we’re conscious. But minimally so, because we don’t have to generate our own thoughts. We’re basically taking these little hits from other people and thinking their thoughts.The process of writing this book made me kind of relativize everyday consciousness as just one type, which is exactly what William James said. Normal consciousness is one type, separated by the flimsiest of screens from the other types.AC: If we stick with the metaphor of the smudge on the window that you get when you take psychedelics, it seems like we’re saying that consciousness has become like an object that you’re looking at, right? You’re looking at the smudge and that just is consciousness. But sometimes we’ll talk about consciousness as a state that you’re in, rather than an object you can perceive. You’re either conscious or you’re not conscious. So it’s difficult to really know what sort of thing we’re talking about when we talk about consciousness, right?MP: Yeah. When you say that consciousness is an object, what’s the subject? Consciousness also? The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness. So we’re in a closed loop and when we get a perspective on consciousness, we’re not achieving any distance from it. That’s one of the problems with studying consciousness. Science is predicated on an objective, God’s eye view of things, and you never get that. There’s no such thing. SUGGESTED VIEWING The brain filters consciousness With Àlex Gómez-Marín But, yeah, there is this sense, I think, that consciousness is something you can approach. Certainly, when you’re writing and trying to recreate a conscious experience, it’s a fiction, but you’re standing back from it, and looking at it. But there’s no real subject-object distinction.AC: That’s so interesting, because when philosophers start talking about consciousness, they often talk about what they call “qualia”, which is their word for the felt experience of, say, the color red. And I think that way of speaking often makes us think of the qualia as an object, which you can see out there: the redness of red. But, as you say, we also want to collapse the subject-object distinction when we talk about consciousness. So there’s something strange going on here…MP: Oh, yeah, there are many strange things going on! *AC: Let’s talk about the varieties of consciousness. Apart from perceptions, there are, pains, emotions, thoughts, and so on. What is it that holds all this diversity together so that they all count as instances of consciousness? What is it that they all have in common?MP: Yeah, that’s a really good question. I mean, there is sensory information, right? Which we perceive coming from the world outside ourselves. And then there’s internal information, which is what’s called interoception. And this is very important too. This is where feelings come from—what are sometimes called homeostatic feelings—that are intended to get the brain to keep us in these narrow ranges of temperature and glucose and so on. That’s a very important part of consciousness. And according to some researchers, who I think are probably right, this is where consciousness begins, with these very primal feelings, like hunger and thirst and warmth and itch, and things like that. And then there’s this third thing, which is our thinking about thinking.And what holds all this together is, I think, the sense of self. Consciousness generates a self: it is probably an organizing principle. All this stuff is happening to the self. It’s a construct, I think, but it is very useful. It can connect all these different streams of consciousness to a single being or a place, metaphorically speaking.* AC: The first half of your book is about the science of consciousness. Is consciousness just another thing, like black holes or the origin of life, which we don’t yet understand, but which we should have every hope that science will one day get to the bottom of, or is there something special about consciousness that makes this unlikely?MP: It depends how you define science. As we define science now, it’s going be very difficult. Science since Galileo has had a set of rules or assumptions, which is that the proper remit of science is to deal with the objective, quantifiable, third-person world. And the physical sciences have done amazing work under that set of limitations. Galileo—for tactical reasons, not for philosophical reasons—said science should not deal with the soul, which at the time was what consciousness was considered to be. So what is subjective, what is qualitative, what is first person, we’re going to leave to the church, he said. And this was a good agreement, and it probably kept many scientists from getting burned at the stake. But it leaves science in an awkward spot, now that it wants to venture into that territory of qualities, of first-person experience. And I don’t think it has the proper tools. I think it will have to add to its toolkit in some way, and find a way to bring in phenomenology, or lived experience and introspection, which science is usually dismissive of.The challenge—we alluded to it earlier—is that the only tool you have to study consciousness with is consciousness. And what I mean by that is, the whole scientific enterprise is a manifestation of consciousness. As much as scientists like to flatter themselves with this idea that they attain a godlike perspective on what they study, when it comes to consciousness, there’s no such thing. And it’s fine for all the things you can step outside of and study from that perspective. But two areas it won’t work are consciousness and cosmology.___It could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.___With cosmology, too, you have to study the universe from inside the universe. It’s not that cosmologists haven’t made progress. We know a lot about the age of the universe and expansion and things like that. But we can’t penetrate what happened before the Big Bang. We just don’t have the tools because we can’t stand outside.The fact that there are 22 full-scale theories of consciousness tells you all you need to know: we’re kind of lost. And I was surprised to find that we are more lost than I thought we were when I started this. I thought that there’d be leading theories, or that we had experiments that we could conduct that would nail some of this down. And the fact is, we don’t.So, I don’t know if science can solve it. But, of course, we can change the rules of science. A really influential book for me was a book called The Blind Spot, by two physicists, Marcello Gleiser and Adam Frank, and a philosopher, Evan Thompson. It’s a reminder that science is a social practice. It’s organized in a certain way and it can be organized in a different way. But it has this huge blind spot at the center of it, which is its failure to recognize that it is a form of consciousness itself, and it doesn’t have a good way of taking account of lived experience.AC: On the one hand, I think you want to resist traditional dualism, which would say that consciousness is something magical, something supernatural, right? But on the other hand, you’re accepting that there is this division in reality between the stuff that you can investigate objectively and measure, and so on—the stuff that science has been good at finding out about—and consciousness, which, for some reason, you can’t objectively measure. Some would take this to suggest that the dualism is actually right. Is there a way of reconciling these two strands of your thinking?MP: To call it magical is full of value judgement. I mean, you could just say immaterial. The interesting thing is, I think, that intuitively we’re all dualists. And I don’t know whether that’s because we’re children of Descartes and other cultures are less dualist than we are. Or it may be because that’s how consciousness feels. It feels different than the body. It feels separate from the body. But I don’t think we should trust that intuition.AC: So let’s think about ways that science might be changed to get at consciousness. I suppose the starting point would be the way that you begin the second half of your book. You have this nice line from William James, where he says, “We now begin our study of the mind from within.” Could you give us some sense of the ways of studying the mind from within? What does this involve?MP: I don’t know what that science looks like. But one of the points I’m making is that it depends on the humanities. I found that I learned as much, if not more, about consciousness, from reading novels and poetry. There is a sense of the fullness and complexity of consciousness that you don’t get in any scientific account. I interviewed this stream-of-consciousness writer and I approached her as an expert on consciousness, and she is. So I think that dialogue is really important.I’m reading Ben Lerner’s new novel, Transcription. Just read the first page of this novel: it’s a man falling asleep on a train, going to conduct an interview, and there is the experience of being in the train, facing backwards, there’s the view outside, but there’s a reflection of himself through which he’s seeing outside. There’s the memory of dropping his kids off at school. All this is going on in one moment of consciousness. Scientists aren’t going anywhere near that. But I think it’s useful for them to think about. That’s where we’re trying to go: like, how does such a layered experience happen? You know, it also makes you wonder, could a computer ever do this? And it gives you some doubt.*AC: Before we get to computers, perhaps we could talk briefly about plants. How did you come to feel that they are sentient?MP: Well, it was a psychedelic experience, and it’s not unusual on psychedelics. In fact, there’ve been studies about how people become animists during psychedelic experience. Their belief in animism arises after a single psychedelic experience.You know, most scientists would say this is all a myth. But we have only 400 years of the age of enlightenment and science. Before that, we were animists, and if you go around the world, most indigenous cultures are still animists, and children are animists, by and large, until they go to school. So it could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.As I said, I wanted to test this idea, and see whether there was conventional scientific evidence for it. And there’s fascinating work going on in a field that calls itself—in a rather cheeky way—plant neurobiology. These are people who fully realize there are no neurons in plants, but they’re trolling conventional botanists! And they’re doing experiments that are demonstrating that plants can learn and remember, which is kind of amazing: how do you store a memory without neurons? They’re finding plants that can solve problems, that can hear and see. In fact, they have 20 senses to our five or six. For example, a bean plant looking for something to twine, and given a pole within eight inches or so of it, knows where that pole is and will aim its spiraling reach at that pole. What is that about? Is it bouncing signals off of it?One of the spookiest things is the fact that the same anesthetics that put us out put plants out. You might think that plants are already out, but they’re not. They’re just slow. If you take a plant with a fast behavior, like a Venus flytrap, and give it an anesthetic, it will stop reacting. So you have to ask yourself, what is lost when the plant is anaesthetized? Some state of alertness, of awareness, of its environment, of reactivity. I’m not prepared to call that consciousness, but maybe it’s sentience—which is a simpler form of consciousness, and involves the ability to sense what’s going on in your environment and assess what’s good and bad for you and act appropriately. That may be a universal quality of life.AC: Let’s turn from plants to AI. You point out that LLMs are trained on the internet rather than direct interactions with reality. You put this really nicely when you say the internet is not the world so much as a shadow cast by the world. So LLMs are living in this kind of shadow world, or in Plato’s cave, as you put it. What’s the significance of this for AI consciousness and moral consideration? And, to recall the beginning of our conversation, if we’re stuck behind a veil or screen of consciousness, are we also stuck in a kind of shadow world?MP: I don’t think they’re the same shadow worlds because our world includes nature and other people. And even if it’s mediated in some ways... There is a reality out there, and we are in relation to it, through consciousness. There’s friction with it. What’s missing from the LLMs is that friction with the real world. There’s more to the world than human representation, which is what they’re dealing with. And that means that so far, AI is a cultural technology for combining thoughts we’ve already had. SUGGESTED VIEWING Cracking the code for thought With Roger Penrose, Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski, Max Tegmark, Güneş Taylor Genuine creativity is more than collage. A lot of what AI does now is tantamount to collage, putting this with that and you know, that’s part of art, certainly. But there are also genuinely new ideas that come into the world that don’t come in through manipulating the representations we already have. So it remains to be seen whether AIs can be truly creative in that more radical sense.But my arguments against AI becoming conscious have to do with the fact that the idea of AI consciousness is based on this faulty metaphor that the brain is a computer. There are dimensions in which the brain is like a computer—it certainly does its share of computation. But computers have this sharp distinction between hardware and software, and brains don’t. In a brain, hardware and software are identical. Every memory is a physical change to the brain. Brains are not interchangeable in the way computers are. So this idea that you could take the consciousness out and somehow run it on another substrate, a silicon substrate, seems foolhardy.Anyway, it’s a more extended argument, and I may be wrong. And when we move to computers that aren’t based on silicon—neuromorphic computers and things like that—all bets may be off.AC: Regarding your point about LLMs being stuck in the world of our representations—the internet or whatever—and not being able to interact with reality, are these representations, the world of the internet, themselves part of reality? We’ve created the internet, but it’s still a real thing that exists. And so while the LLMs may be trapped within that part of reality, they’re nevertheless within reality and interacting with it and so on. So it’s not obvious that there’s a barrier there to them becoming conscious and being creative.MP: Yeah, I mean, if our consciousness is built out of human culture, which is what we’re talking about with all those representations. But I tend to think consciousness comes a bit more out of nature and friction with the natural world, but...AC: So there’s a fundamental divide between the natural world and human artefacts?MP: And we lose track of that, and especially people in this computer world. You know, the people who are creating these AI systems, my guess is they’ve been into video games since the age of three, and they didn’t go outside a lot. And their own contact with nature is somewhat limited. I could be wrong, it’d be a very interesting thing to ask, all the wizards of AI, whether they like to go fishing and hiking and do things like that. Or were they on computers from a very early age? I interviewed Blake Lemoine, the Google engineer who came to believe that LaMDA, the Google LLM out at the time, was conscious and deserved personhood. It was very clear that he didn’t see a distinction between this bubble in which he lived and the real world. And I think we’ve all been distanced from the natural world, and this is taking us even further away. But it’s still there, you know, and we still have bodies, and we’re still mortal, and we don’t live in a simulation.AC: I think that’s a great place to finish. Michael Pollan, thank you very much!

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • iai.tv
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Former Wisconsin great earns $100M contract with Pittsburgh Steelers

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