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NFL landing spots for Brendan Sorsby after appeal falls short
A look at six teams that could have interest in Brendan Sorsby if he enters the NFL Supplemental Draft.
Google introduces Search profiles within Google Discover
These are enhanced publisher landing pages, where you can follow the publisher, see the publishers latest articles, videos and social posts all in one place.
Home-Delivered Medical Meals Reduce ER Visits, Save Money
By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, June 4, 2026 (HealthDay News) — Providing home-delivered, medically tailored meals to people with chronic health conditions lowers their risk of landing in a hospital, a new study says. Medicaid patients had fewer hospitalizations and ER visits while ...
Warriors get $15 million LeBron James free agent update
The Golden State Warriors should feel more confident about their chances of landing a Los Angeles Lakers aging star this summer.
How Science Works
The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last year’s event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience — I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (I’ve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people don’t really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic — climate change, vaccines, you name it — revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which aren’t. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, they’ll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. That’s more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice it’s more iterative — you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis you’ve ended up with. But this isn’t science. It’s only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes — scientists are human. Maybe there’s a bug in the code, maybe there’s an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesn’t mean it’s right, and scientists don’t treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and they’ll tell you peer review is miserable — the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it can’t catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they can’t catch hidden errors — a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesn’t mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. That’s where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. That’s how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 — and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well — Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they don’t understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events — meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasn’t chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising — which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the “smoking gun” paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And it’s worth being clear that this consensus is organic. There’s no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. It’s the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesn’t even mention the rival theories — it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. That’s what a consensus looks like. It doesn’t mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean there’s no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? It’s all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But there’s a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole — without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. There’s a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call “nerd.” It’s extremely hard to read — honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we can’t expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC — the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing what’s settled, what’s been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability — in other words, we don’t know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence — a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged “likely” due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, “very likely”; by 2013, “extremely likely.” The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 — there’s not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe — the most successful method we’ve ever developed for determining what’s true and what isn’t. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, that’s where to look. And for those of us who don’t speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone — they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.
High school sports results for Monday, June 1, 2026
MONDAY’S RESULTS Baseball PIAA CLASS 6A PLAYOFFS First Round Butler 2, Mifflin County 1 Chambersburg 5, Downingtown West 0 Hazleton 5, Landisville...
Ravens, Raiders among top Deebo Samuel landing spots for 2026 season
Deebo Samuel remains a free agent but could be of interest to several NFL teams ahead of the 2026 season. Here are some of his best landing spots.
31 hours with the spit-shined Mina the Hollower (and 34 with the four games that came before it)
To truly appreciate Mina The Hollower, an extraordinary new throwback of a game, I sent myself to Yacht Club University. That’s not a real institution of higher learning, but it’s the best way I can explain much of the past several weeks as I prepared to play Mina by playing the four biggest game previously made by studio Yacht Club Games. I had expected Mina the Hollower, in development for six years for PC and consoles, to potentially be something special. A demo I tried in March had felt great. Mina the Hollower had an old-school premise: a singular move for its hero that felt so good to control and so rich with possibilities that, in the hands of skilled designers, it could be riffed on in various ways for the length of a full game. Mina’s core maneuver, her hollowing, made her sort of an upside down Super Mario. Nintendo’s hero jumps through the air, discovering power-ups at the apex of his jump by bonking overhead blocks, then defeating enemies by landing on them. Mina essentially jumps into the ground, digging (“hollowing”) into the earth to fetch buried treasure, then burrows for a short distance to emerge on the other side of a wall that hides treasure or an enemy that needs some battering. I wanted to understand how good Yacht Club was at making games. I wanted to see how far they’d come. If Mina was terrific—as I predicted it might be—I wanted to feel how they got there, one button press at a time. On May 6, 21 days before the writing of this review, I checked with Yacht Club Games co-founder and programmer David D’Angelo, to ask which of the studio’s games I should play to truly appreciate the new one’s design. “Hmmm all of them?” he wrote back. “Starting with Shovel Knight definitely is helpful,” he continued, referring to Yacht Club’s first game. He gave me a link to a spreadsheet of over 400 cheat codes that could help me out, if I found the game too tough.1 “Most folks say Specter of Torment is the least difficult and quickest to finish in terms of playtime, and [it] refines much of Shovel Knight,” he told me. “King of Cards is a big celebration of everything we did in [the Shovel Knight compilation] Treasure Trove— might work for you better if you’re a fan of shorter, Mario-style courses. And it’s probably the closest to Mina in terms of polish.” So that was that. Four games, none of which were required. Mina is a whole new game in a whole new world, best I can tell. I’d barely played that first Shovel Knight before and never the other three. I just thought it’d help. It did. It turns out that playing a game studios major works before their latest is very illuminating.
Las Vegas ranks among best summer travel destinations
Las Vegas ranks No. 38 overall in WalletHub’s best summer travel destinations report, while landing near the top for attractions and activities.
Pushed to the limit, Republicans show rare defiance to Trump's demands
President Donald Trump’s political revenge tour met its potential match this week as angry, upset Republican senators, pushed to a breaking point by his seemingly insatiable and outlandish demands — particularly a $1.776 billion fund for Jan. 6 rioters and others he believes were wrongly prosecuted — did the unthinkable.
Pushed to the Limit, Republicans Show Rare Defiance to Trump's Demands
WASHINGTON (AP) — The day arrived when the Senate just said, No. President Donald Trump’s political revenge tour met its potential match this week as angry, upset Republican senators, pushed to a breaking point by his seemingly insatiable and outlandish demands — particularly a $1.776 billion fund
This unsealed Apollo 17 photo is the 'most significant evidence' in new UAP release, says doc director
'The Age of Disclosure' director Dan Farah reacts to the new tranche of UAP files released by the Department of War, singling out one image from the Apollo 17 moon landing as the 'most significant evidence.'
Feature: Moore ’26 Keeps Busy with Double Science Major and Music
Luke Moore ’26 came to Kansas Wesleyan on a music scholarship. He’s graduating this weekend (May 16) with a double major in Chemistry and Physics. He’s as active on the music side as he is with his science activities — he’s played the cello for 10 years, including four years at Kansas Wesleyan. It’s common, he said, for scientists and musicians to share those interests. “I’ve spoken to plenty of musicians who would have done science if they weren’t musicians, and I’ve talked to plenty of scientists who would have done music if they weren’t scientists,” Mooresaid. He played the cello in the string orchestra, which he’s done since his first year, and as a junior and senior, sang in the Philharmonic Choir as a bass. He hadn’t sung in a choir since middle schoolin Garden City, but he found he really enjoys that aspect of his college career. Also as a junior, Moore helped re-activate the STEM Club as vice president. For two years, he helped build the club’s battlebot. Last year the bot came home from battles in Kansas City in pieces, lots of pieces. This year it came home with the first-place trophy. He’s helped make frozen nitrogen ice cream at Homecoming and other events and helped organize the STEM Club’s first gingerbread house competition for the holidays. Willing to get his hands – and face – dirty for science, he encouraged fellow musicians and scientists to smash him in the face with whipped cream pies on Pi Day (March 14) as a fundraiser for the STEM Club. His capstone project involved developing a metallic organic framework (MOF) that takes a methylene blue dye out of water. “I’m proud that I was able to design this project, and I was proud that I did end up making the MOF,” Moore said. The professors and attitudes at KWU have made all this possible. “I don’t actually have time for everything,” Moore said. “I have to prioritize things. Things inevitably fall through the cracks, but it’s hard for me to choose one over the other, because I like a lot of things. And I don’t want to not do music, and I don’t want to not do science.” Moore said that Kansas Wesleyan, as a smaller university, gives students the opportunity to try things. “If I were to want to be in a music ensemble, it would probably be a bit harder in a larger school. One nice thing about this school is that everyone’s involved in something,” he said. “Professors know that you have other things going on, and they are flexible and understanding.” Moore has applied to grad schools, with an goal of earning his Ph.D. and landing at a university big enough to allow for a small research team that also gives him an opportunity to teach. He’s off to a good start. Moore is receiving the award for Outstanding Research in the Math, Physics and Computer Studies Department at Commencement this year. Story by Jean Kozubowski
Notre Dame Recruiting Roundup: Irish Stay Hot On The Trail
The Irish bolster their 2027 class by landing two massive offensive tackles, including a crucial flip from UCLA, while aggressively expanding their 2028 board across Florida and California.
Google launches a gorgeous new landing page for the upcoming Googlebook
The dust is just beginning to settle from The Android Show and the massive Googlebook announcement, and Google is beginning the work of building hype for the fall hardware launch. If you were...
Accounts in Transit: Rosen Group Picks Up Kustom Entertainment
Rosen Group to bolster media visibility of Kustom Entertainment, a live event production and ticketing technology company....LDPR lands AOR duties for Windjammer Landing Resort & Residences, a Caribbean resort set along the shores of Labrelotte Bay in St. Lucia....Vitamin, a Baltimore-based shop, picks up The Mood Center, a mental health practice specializing in neurotherapy treatments for depression and related conditions.
Mars rover snaps a selfie near skyscraper-sized boulders
NASA's Perseverance rover has traveled nearly 26 miles since landing on the Red Planet in 2021.
Americans monitored after return from hantavirus-stricken ship: Updates
Eighteen Americans who were on the MV Hondius are being monitored at medical facilities in the United States.
Steelers linked to former Ravens Pro Bowl edge rusher
The Pittsburgh Steelers have been named a potential landing spot for ex-Baltimore Ravens edge rusher Kyle Van Noy.
Military Spouses, Small Business Owners Lobby Congress on Entrepreneurship
The push for expanded SBA support was timed with National Small Business Week.
Lancaster County public sales: May 8, 2026
Martin & Rutt Auctioneers LLC, of New Holland, conducted a public auction of real estate April 28 for Sarah Ann Landis at 616 Pearl St., Lancaster. A three-bedroom brick house
NBA Draft Lottery 2026: Which teams could benefit most by landing the No. 1 pick?
Thirteen teams are hoping to win Sunday's NBA Draft Lottery, but who needs that pick the most?
Announcing the global launch of Web of Science Research Intelligence: An AI-powered research intelligence platform for funding, strategy, and impact
Web of Science Research Intelligence unites trusted data and AI to help research offices, library teams, and researchers secure funding and demonstrate impact.
Taco Mundo Kitchen y Cantina hosts eighth annual Cinco de Mayo celebration in North Myrtle Beach
At noon on Tuesday, May 5, Taco Mundo Kitchen y Cantina at Barefoot Landing kicks off the biggest Cinco de Mayo fiesta on the Grand Strand. General Manager Erin Parker said she expects that the celebration, now in its eighth year, will attract between 2,500 and 3,000 attendees.
Melco Resorts & Entertainment (NasdaqGS:MLCO) Margin Rebound Tests Bullish Earnings Narratives
Melco Resorts & Entertainment (NasdaqGS:MLCO) heads into its Q1 2026 update with recent quarterly numbers that put revenue at about US$1.3b in Q4 2025 and basic EPS at US$0.16. This caps off a year where trailing twelve month EPS reached US$0.46 on revenue of roughly US$5.2b. Over the past few quarters, the company has seen revenue range between US$1.2b and US$1.3b per quarter, while basic EPS moved from US$0.08 in Q1 2025 to US$0.19 in Q3 before landing at US$0.16 in Q4. This result comes...
2026 Rookies To Trade For In Dynasty Fantasy Football
Now that we have landing spots for these 2026 prospects, here's three rookies you should trade for in dynasty fantasy football.
Ubuntu Linux Will Begin Landing AI Features Throughout The Next Year
Now that Ubuntu 26.04 LTS has shipped, Canonical is opening up on their next major focus for Ubuntu development: lots of AI features.
Ravens oddly named landing spot for former first-round QB
I'm not so sure this would be a good move.
Healthcare at the Laundromat: Pop-up health clinic program lands 1.1 million dollar grant
SAN ANTONIO - A new program that brings pop-up health clinics into local laundromats is set to expand across Bexar County after landing a $1.1 million grant.Aft
Best of Blue Ridge Community’s Choice Awards business spotlight: Lake Pointe Landing
We're in the final stretch! Ready to recognize your favorite local businesses? Submit your nominations for Best of Blue Ridge Community’s Choice Awards today.
Minnesota bill aims to capture lost $430M in major sporting events revenue
Minnesota is looking to boost its chances of landing more big-name sporting events with a new plan at the Capitol.
Cardinals draft Jeremiyah Love No. 3: Highest RB pick since Saquon Barkley now among NFL's highest-paid
Love goes No. 3 to Arizona, becoming the highest-drafted RB since 2018 and landing a $50M rookie deal
2026 NFL Draft's top 12 storylines, including landing spots for Jeremiyah Love, Jordyn Tyson and A.J. Brown
'Michael,' 'Mother Mary,' 'I Swear' top list of new films in Houston
WorldFest 59. Latin Wave film series at MFAH, 'Apex' and 'Over Your Dead Body' are also landing on our screens
Focus at Four: College Station rising as a Summer sports destination
College Station is leveling up its summers. From the Savannah Bananas to international soccer, the city is landing big-time events to boost its local economy and put itself on the map beyond Aggie football.
NFL Draft landing spots for the top 10 QBs, plus what every team should do in the draft and A.J. Brown rumors
The Pick Six newsletter goes all-in on 2026 NFL Draft buzz, mock drafts and trade rumors
Lincoln County billboard falls during storm, lands on business
A billboard that was knocked down during a storm Friday night ended up landing on American Family Home Sales in Lincoln County.
Lincoln County billboard falls during storm, lands on business
A billboard that was knocked down during a storm Friday night ended up landing on American Family Home Sales in Lincoln County.
Greenland's prime minister says citizens 'don't feel safe' after Trump's threats
Trump has pushed for the U.S. to take control of Greenland, a semi-autonomous Danish territory, despite being repeatedly rebuffed by Greenlandic and Danish authorities.
Is Science the Last Bastion of Sanity?
As we look forward to landing on the moon in 2028, we cannot afford to miss a golden opportunity to enhance the humanities precisely through science.
Following the Success of Artemis II, Scientists Will Shape What Comes Next for Lunar Exploration
NASA plans to launch more lunar missions after the success of Artemis II, signaling a renewed era for lunar exploration and science — and raising questions about what comes next. A National Academies study currently underway will identify key non-polar landing sites for future crewed lunar missions and what science goals could be achieved.
Duke hosting Kansas transfer Flory Bidunga on visit
Duke is set to host top portal prospect Flory Bidunga out of Kansas as he evaluates NBA Draft interest and potential landing spots.
Nintendo's Animated Films Challenge Disney's Box Office Dominance
Nintendo's expansion into theatrical animation, with billion-dollar films and an annual release slate, is challenging Disney's dominance while strategically promoting its gaming hardware and franchises like the successful Switch 2.
Iowa women's basketball lands All-SEC transfer portal guard
Iowa women's basketball picked up its first impact player out of the transfer portal, landing first-team All-SEC guard Dani Carnegie.
iOS 26.4.1 Released: Apple’s New iPhone Update Is An Unexpected, Urgent Bug Fix
Here it is, an iPhone update that has landed just over two weeks since the last iPhone release, unexpectedly landing midweek. Here’s all you need to know.
Grand Strand chef becomes a Masters chef every spring
Ervin Abbott is one of the few people at the Masters in Augusta this week that hopes everything he does is above par. For a week or so before and during the storied event, Abbott moves from his position as a culinary director for La Vida Hospitality which operates the Crooked Hammock Brewery and the Big Chill Restaurant in Barefoot Landing to executive chef at Augusta National, a position he has filled for the last three years.
3 Horizon Honors students win at state science fair
Three Horizon Honors students won awards at the premier science fair competition in Arizona March 26-27 with one landing the possibility of heading to a national contest.
Falcons named landing spot for 22-TD free agent WR
This could be a shrewd move for Atlanta.
One Georgia football transfer remains in the portal
Fourteen of Georgia's 15 outgoing transfers found new schools with 11 of those players landing at Power Four destinations. One remains in the portal
ESPN analyst picks favorite draft prospect for Titans
The Tennessee Titans have filled some holes on defense in free agency, and one analyst believes that are the best landing spot for a top draft prospect.
Your Odin 3 Might Not Actually Use the Snapdragon 8 Elite, but There’s More to the Story
The Odin 3’s chip story just got messier, as AYN replaces Snapdragon 8 Elite branding with Dragonwing Q8 across its official landing page.
LIVE! Watch ‘Wilder Vs. Chisora’ Official Video Stream
Two of the hardest hitting heavyweights in boxing will duke it out later tonight (Sat., April 4, 2026) LIVE on DAZN pay-per-view (PPV) from inside the O2 Arena in London, England, as former WBC heavyweight king Deontay Wilder meets British veteran Derek Chisora in the main event. Wilder, who made some outlandish comments earlier this […]
Call for citizen scientists to collect space dust
Resident are urged to join a cosmic quest for micrometeorites from space landing in their gutters.
Audi Crooks landing spots: Iowa State star enters transfer portal, so where could she end up?
Audi Crooks, an All-American at Iowa State, will play elsewhere next season. Here are four possible landing spots.
Las Vegas sports boom raises concerns about market saturation as NBA move looms
Not long ago, the idea of Las Vegas landing major league sports teams was a punchline. Now, the city is on the verge of becoming home to the NFL, NHL, WNBA and
Black-owned business backs out of Current Landing after backlash to name
KCTV5 reached out to those behind Current Landing and was told they didn’t have a comment.
Moon colonies, helium-3 and future science: NASA's long-term goals after the Artemis II mission
NASA is preparing for Artemis II, which will send four astronauts around the Moon. The mission will test Orion’s life-support, navigation, and communication systems in preparation for future lunar landings.
Column: The time has come to discard California's top-two open primary
We should consider returning to a primary system that produces party nominees — one Democrat and one Republican — to give voters a more varied selection in November.
USC flips 4-star in latest recruiting win over Oregon
USC football just delivered another recruiting dig at Big Ten rival Oregon, this time landing a four-star tackle.
Myles Garrett landing spots: Why trade rumors could heat up after Browns modify his contract
Don't be surprised if Cleveland ends up trading the reigning Defensive Player of the Year.
Glyphosate: A story of science, risk, and nuance
In the summer of 2014, a California groundskeeper named Dewayne Johnson started noticing patches of raw, weeping skin spreading across his body. He had spent years applying Roundup, Monsanto’s glyphosate-based herbicide, for a school district, sometimes drenched in it when equipment malfunctioned. By 2014, he had a diagnosis: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In 2018, a jury awarded him $289 million in damages, later reduced on appeal. Tens of thousands of lawsuits followed. The story hasn’t quieted down. It’s all over the internet, swinging between “this will kill you, buy organic” and “relax, you’re fear-mongering.” Some of that recent chatter stems from an Executive Order protecting glyphosate and its production, which set off intense infighting within the MAHA movement. Some of it reflects a deeper truth: Americans genuinely care about harmful chemicals in their environment (see poll below). And the conversation isn’t going anywhere, with a Supreme Court case involving Monsanto set for this April. Glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. But does glyphosate cause cancer? And how much exposure is actually risky? With so much mistrust in institutions and corporations (and some genuine conflicts of interest), making sense of the actual scientific evidence is genuinely hard. Here is a translation of what the scientific evidence actually says. Does glyphosate cause harm? Glyphosate is an herbicide that kills most plants it contacts rather than targeting specific species. It works by blocking an enzyme pathway (EPSPS) that plants and many microorganisms need to produce essential amino acids. Without those amino acids, the plant can’t grow and dies. Glyphosate was first developed by Monsanto in the 1970s and became ubiquitous after the company introduced “Roundup Ready” crops in the 1990s. In 2024, Bayer removed glyphosate from residential Roundup-branded products due to litigation pressure. But today it is still the most widely used herbicide in the world. Farmers also discovered they could spray it directly on crops like oats, lentils, beans, and peas just before harvest to dry them out faster and make harvesting easier. Because of its widespread use, it’s obviously really important to understand if it’s harmful to humans. The key principle: The dose makes the poison The most important concept in toxicology is that “the dose makes the poison.” Sixteenth-century physician Paracelsus articulated what remains the foundational principle of toxicology: sola dosis facit venenum. Water will kill you if you drink enough of it. Aspirin saves lives at 81 milligrams and causes internal bleeding at higher chronic doses. So, at what dose is glyphosate poisonous? The LD50 in rats (the dose that kills half the test animals) is around 5,600 mg/kg body weight. Table salt is roughly 3,000 mg/kg. By that classic measure, glyphosate is less acutely toxic than salt. But some people are exposed to a lot of glyphosate through their work. And among the general public, there are many questions about low-dose, cumulative exposure from multiple sources over long periods. Does glyphosate cause health problems? Cancer Correlation maps are striking, with one analysis finding that 60% of counties that spray the most glyphosate have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma rates above the national average. But correlation alone doesn’t establish cause, which is why animal and human studies matter. In animals: Rat studies are typically what most fear is rooted in, but most people don’t know the study details on the dosage given to rats. A pooled analysis of the 13 most rigorous rat studies found evidence that very high doses, around 55,000 times greater than typical food residue exposure, can cause certain cancers. In humans: One of the strongest studies followed 55,000 herbicide users over 20 years and found no overall increased cancer risk. There was one signal: among those with the highest use, rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) appeared elevated. A broader meta-analysis of 18 human studies also found no overall cancer risk, though a separate meta-analysis focused specifically on non-Hodgkin lymphoma found that people with high cumulative glyphosate exposure faced a 41% higher relative risk compared to those with low or no exposure. These human studies are observational studies (randomized controlled trials would be unethical), and meta-analyses are only as reliable as the studies they pool. But the story seems consistent: at very high exposure levels, there may be some cancer risk. But that’s about as far as the science currently takes us. Emerging research: gut and reproductive health Gut: Because glyphosate targets a pathway that exists in some gut bacteria, scientists have questioned whether it could affect the microbiome. In mice, a 2023 University of Iowa study found that glyphosate altered gut bacterial composition and raised markers of intestinal inflammation. A 2024 systematic review found similar patterns: disrupted gut bacteria and problems with the mucus layer that protects the intestinal wall in mice. Whether this translates to humans is an open question. The human gut is highly variable and resistant, and we don't yet have strong studies confirming the same effects in people. Reproductive health: Animal studies have found that glyphosate-based herbicides can interfere with reproductive hormones, including disrupting egg cell development in mice and reducing the number of eggs available in sheep’s ovaries. However, the doses used in these experiments were high, so it’s not yet clear whether the same effects would occur in humans. On the human side, a 2021 pilot study led by Mount Sinai researchers tested urine samples from pregnant women across the U.S. and found glyphosate in 95% of them. The study also found a possible connection between higher glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and a subtle physical difference measured in female newborns. That said, some connections weren’t statistically reliable and this was a small study. The researchers themselves said more and larger studies are needed before drawing firm conclusions. What do regulators say about glyphosate safety? In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A). The classification is worth taking seriously. But, there’s an important distinction: IARC classifies hazard, meaning the potential to cause harm under some conditions. It does not assess risk, which accounts for actual exposure levels and the real-world probability of harm. The U.S. EPA, the European Food Safety Authority, Health Canada, and regulatory agencies in Australia and Japan have all concluded that glyphosate is “unlikely to be carcinogenic to humans” at realistic exposure levels. They’re asking a different question: given how much of this people actually encounter, what is the probability of harm? Your actual exposure is what determines your actual risk. What does glyphosate mean for your daily life? At the grocery store: Food residues are small. The EPA’s acceptable daily intake is 1.75 mg/kg of body weight per day. To hit that threshold from oatmeal alone, a 150-pound adult would need to eat roughly 50 pounds of oats every day. But this calculation addresses only one pathway (food), and we don’t yet have robust tools to measure people’s actual total exposure. If reducing exposure matters to you, organic certification prohibits synthetic herbicides, and organic oat products generally test at lower or undetectable levels. Either way, a diet rich in whole grains, conventional or organic, is far better for your health than one that omits them out of fear of residues. On the farm: Occupational exposure is orders of magnitude higher than consumer exposure. Farmers and farm workers who mix, load, and apply glyphosate-based herbicides, especially without protective equipment, face meaningfully different risk profiles. Proper PPE isn’t optional. Integrated weed management strategies that rotate chemical modes of action are also worth taking seriously, both for health and for long-term effectiveness. If you live near a farm: Spray drift is real. Concentrations near field edges can spike during and after application, particularly on windy days. This is an area where I think public health could really step up and empower rural communities with buffer zones, rather than placing the onus on individuals. But for now, knowing your local agricultural calendar and keeping windows closed during application are the first steps. Bottom line Dewayne Johnson was exposed to glyphosate at levels most people will never encounter, and a jury decided he deserved compensation. That outcome is not evidence that the oatmeal in your pantry is dangerous. But it is a reminder that the dose, the context, and the person doing the exposing all matter enormously. Glyphosate is a chemical tool with benefits, trade-offs, and genuine open scientific questions. Learning to hold that complexity without collapsing into panic or dismissal is, honestly, one of the most useful and hardest things to do in navigating modern health science. Love, YLE Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) is founded and operated by Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an epidemiologist, wife, and mom of two little girls. Hannah Totte, MPH, is an epidemiologist and YLE Community Manager. YLE reaches more than 425,000 people in over 132 countries with one goal: “Translate” the ever-evolving public health science so that people will be well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions. This newsletter is free to everyone, thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members. To support the effort, subscribe or upgrade below: Subscribe
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The reality of death and the Trinitarian “science” of salvation
Readings: • Ez. 37:12-14 • Psa. 130:1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 • Rom. 8:8-11 • Jn. 11:1-45 We live in a time of astounding scientific breakthroughs and unprecedented medical marvels. In my lifetime alone, we’ve witnessed men landing and […]
Partisanship and science
I recently participated in a symposium of the Denver-based Institute for Science & Policy, during which I had a “fireside chat” with Tony Mills of the American Enterprise Institute. Mills has written extensively on the politicization of science, and the two of us had a very enjoyable hour-long conversation on the topic. You can watch it below. The main questions we dealt with are why there is such a vast partisan gap in trust of science, and to what extent this is a unique moment. Mills helpfully brings a good deal of data to the discussion, as he did in this useful piece at Issues in Science & Technology. Tusk depends on reader support. To support this work, please become a paid subscriber. Subscribe Note this graph, drawing on a range of survey data to demonstrate partisan attitudes toward science since 1970s. As it demonstrates, there’s been a very sharp partisan divergence in confidence in science during the Trump Era, starting prior to the Covid pandemic. At least in part, we can attribute this to a rise in populist anti-science rhetoric embraced by Trump, his appointees, and those in his media orbit. But as the graph also shows, the partisan divide has existed in the past, and it’s not always in the same direction. The largest divergence in party views toward science prior to 2016 was in the 1970s, when liberals equated scientific achievement with the military-industrial complex and thus trusted it less. That era of scientific mistrust is often overlooked. Indeed, as Mills notes, the Moon landings (1969-72), which today are considered one of the last great moments of national unity, were experienced nothing like that at the time. There was sharp debate back then over whether the Apollo missions were worth the vast expenditures when the country had so much else to deal with. It’s outside the dataset, and we don’t have the partisanship lens for it, but the 1950s was another deeply anti-science decade, with critics of intellectuals and college professors alleging their ties to communism and their lack of commitment to basic American moral beliefs. This was the subject of Richard Hofstadter’s 1962 book Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, in which he quotes religious leaders like Franklin Graham: [In place of the Bible] we substituted reason, rationalism, mind culture, science worship, the working power of government, Freudianism, naturalism, humanism, behaviorism, positivism, materialism, and idealism. [This is the work of] so-called intellectuals. Thousands of these “intellectuals” have publicly stated that morality is relative—that there is no norm or absolute standard.… This fervor was heavily whipped up by Sen. Joe McCarthy (R-Wisconsin), although it’s clear that not all his fellow Republicans were on board with his red-baiting. What ended that era? The simple answer is the 1957 launch of Sputnik. Americans became afraid that they were losing to Soviet scientists, and suddenly university researchers and government projects were awash with funding. In our conversation, I asked Mills about the possibility of us having a Sputnik moment again that would rally the American public in favor of science today. Mills argued that the COVID-19 pandemic was essentially a Sputnik moment — a terrifying threat to all Americans that required scientific advances to address. But thanks in part to political polarization and the populist and conspiratorial leanings of Donald Trump, we got the opposite of a unifying moment. Many Americans turned against science, despite science actually stepping up in that moment. As we discussed in the chat, it’s not clear what scientists could or should be doing in this moment to increase faith in their work. As Mills notes, one of the chief complaints against scientists and professors is that they’ve become too political; scholars becoming even more political might not help them achieve their goals. This (mainly Republican-driven) anti-science era will end, of course, but it’s not clear what event will bring that about. Share
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