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Trump's Iran agreement raises a basic question: Is it actually a deal?
Trump hails Iran memorandum as normalizing relations, but officials say core issues like sanctions relief and nuclear concessions remain for future talks.
From YouTube to Hollywood: Digital creators are remaking the movie business
Some of the most promising young filmmakers in the movie business are arriving in Hollywood already experts at entertaining audiences and going viral. The twin sensations of “Obsession” and “Backrooms”
Vance shares how he's gearing up for lion's den debut on 'The View'
JD Vance tells Fox News Digital he hopes "The View" hosts meet him halfway as he prepares to discuss his new book and the Iran peace agreement.
Watch Netanyahu Pays a Political Price for Trump’s Iran Deal
Benjamin Netanyahu has spent years cultivating one of the most important relationships in global politics. Now, that relationship with Donald Trump may be becoming a liability, explains Dan Williams.
Here Are Tuesday’s Best Wall Street Analyst Research Calls: Dynatrace, Emerson Electric, Exxon Mobil, Flutter Entertainment, Genuine Parts, nVent Electric, Palantir Technologies, Roku, and More
Pre-Market Stock Futures: Futures are trading modestly higher after a stunning opening to the week, as all major indices rocketed higher. The announcement of a cease-fire deal with Iran, which the leaders in that country acknowledged, called for reopening the Strait of Hormuz toll-free. While details will still be worked out over the next ... Here Are Tuesday’s Best Wall Street Analyst Research Calls: Dynatrace, Emerson Electric, Exxon Mobil, Flutter Entertainment, Genuine Parts, nVent Electric, Palantir Technologies, Roku, and More
Trump insists U.S. will not invest money in Iran as part of peace deal
Others in the president's circles, including Vice President JD Vance, have suggested Tehran could gain access to a major investment fund if it upholds its side of the peace accord.
Inside the White House’s Newest AI Clash With Anthropic | WSJ Politics Newsletter for June 16
Plus, President Trump spent his 80th birthday finalizing the Iran agreement as he watched the UFC contest
For Iran’s Athletes, There Is No Separating Sport From Politics
From defections and protests to moments of national pride, the 2026 World Cup arrives amid decades of tension between identity and the state.
Coral reefs are not doomed – but policy must catch up with the science
A new study shows some reefs still have a meaningful chance to survive and recover from climate impacts – provided they are protected
Iran fans react to team’s first World Cup match amid political schisms
At a UFC watch party, cheers for the fight and dismay over the war in Iran
The frustration of a young crowd at a Buffalo Wild Wings in Pennsylvania shows why President Donald Trump was under pressure to end the conflict.
Pirates' Endy Rodriguez: Goes deep in three-hit performance
Pirates' Endy Rodriguez: Goes deep in three-hit performance
Pirates' Jared Jones: Allows two homers in first loss
Pirates' Jared Jones: Allows two homers in first loss
Football upstages politics as Iranians rally behind their team at World Cup
In opener against New Zealand in Los Angeles, Iran's Team Melli gets cheers from thousands of anti-regime supporters.
Japan hikes interest rates to highest since 1995 to fight inflation from Iran war; Thames Water rescue in doubt
Rolling coverage of the latest economic and financial news
RI Health Insurers Pushing for Rate Increases as High as 35%
The spiraling cost of health insurance is hitting record highs. And Rhode Island businesses are about to get clobbered again due to the rate increases…
World Cup 2026: Iran v Iran in the stands as politics and football intertwine
The Iranian team may want to unite people but what the game with New Zealand revealed is just how divided many Iranians remain, writes BBC North America correspondent Shaimaa Khalil.
G7 leaders — and the rest of the world — wait for clarity on US-Iran agreement
Heading into an al fresco dinner Monday evening overlooking the azure Lake Geneva shoreline, the leaders of the world’s most powerful nations were hoping to gain clarity on what, exactly, President Donald Trump’s new arrangement with Iran entailed.
Pirate Problems: What Quarterback Will Buccaneers see Against Vikings?
As Minnesota navigates a brutal opening stretch, Tampa Bay prepares for a dual threat: veteran Kyler Murray’s resurgence or the raw potential of former first-rounder J.J. McCarthy.
Iran held by New Zealand in World Cup opener overshadowed by politics
Iran twice came from behind to salvage a 2–2 draw against New Zealand in a World Cup opener overshadowed by geopolitical tensions, protests and months of conflict with the United States. The result leaves…
Iran vs New Zealand Highlights
Check out the full game highlights between Iran and New Zealand in the 2026 FIFA World Cup™. Announced by Jacqui Oatley and Warren Barton.
Sen. Murphy: Trump’s Agreement is a ‘surrender to Iran’ but ‘it’s good that we’re surrendering’
Promoter of election conspiracy theories wins GOP primary for Nevada secretary of state
Former state lawmaker Jim Marchant has won the Republican nomination for Nevada secretary of state
Catch Up with Highlights
2026 FIFA World Cup - Iran vs New Zealand
Senate Republicans want a say on Trump’s Iran deal
Lawmakers said they are eager to delve into the fine print, though there is a high bar to overturning any final agreement.
Downtown Cape Girardeau business leaders meet to discuss collaboration
Local business leaders gathered Monday at The Collective, an event center in Cape Girardeau, to discuss strategies for supporting each other’s success and sustaining downtown growth.
A vague Iran deal leaves more questions than answers
Trump hailed the document as a breakthrough after months of negotiations. Yet its broad contours remained unclear over a day after the deal was announced.
The Ceasefire Agreement with Iran Is Not Even Close to a “Deal”
The fact that there’s still a sixty-day window on the table for nuclear negotiations doesn’t really inspire hope.
Trump promises a better Iran deal than Obama’s. Here’s what we know
President Donald Trump has made a few guarantees about a deal to end the war he started with Iran.
Trump claims victory over Iran, but deal is silent on nuclear weapons
The president promised oil would resume flowing through Hormuz, though U.S. and Iranian officials differed over the initial agreement’s terms.
DC Wrap: U.S. and Iran agree to end war; Trump arrives at G7
A look at the day's biggest stories in national politics
DC Wrap: U.S. and Iran agree to end war; Trump arrives at G7
A look at the day's biggest stories in national politics
‘Trump has surrendered to Iran’: Some prominent GOP hawks fear Trump just caved
When President Donald Trump launched the Iran war in February, he risked alienating the non-interventionist base he had spent a decade cultivating.
Trump’s Iran accord offers exit from war
The Trump administration and Iran's leadership agreed on Sunday to terms to end their war and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, a development that has delivered significant relief to global markets.
Iran deal presents political nightmare for Netanyahu
Donald Trump's ceasefire agreement with Iran leaves the Israeli PM trapped in a new political and security dilemma.
The Iran war’s end is being greatly exaggerated
There are many questions unresolved in the latest ceasefire deal and many ways the conflict could begin again.
President Trump says Iran deal is ‘all signed’ and the Strait of Hormuz is ‘partially opened.’
President Trump stated four objectives at the beginning of the war in Iran. How many have been accomplished so far?
US emergency oil stockpile tumbles to lowest since the Reagan administration
The amount of oil in the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve plunged last week to the lowest level since 1983 as the Trump administration continues to deploy emergency oil to minimize the damage from the war with Iran.
Gas prices fall below $4 national average for first time since April
Gas prices have fallen 9.3 cents over the past week, according to GasBuddy.com
As Civilization 7's lengthy revitalisation continues, much-requested hotseat multiplayer is one of several new features arriving next week
Almost 18 months after Civilization 7's bumpy launch, Firaxis' slow and steady course correction is set to continue with the launch of another major update.
World Cup 2026 schedule, live updates: Spain opens vs. Cape Verde; Uruguay debuts as Iran arrive in U.S. to face New Zealand
Spain and Uruguay open their tournaments Monday, while Iran's first match arrives amid heightened attention off the field.
Iran agreement: Bad, BATNA or both?
As the debate over a possible Iran agreement shifts from whether there will be a deal to what is in it, commentary is already racing ahead of the facts. We have not yet seen the text. We do not know the precise commitments, timelines or enforcement mechanisms — if any.
From The Sports Desk: One day after peace agreement, Iran takes field for World Cup
Iran will play New Zealand tonight in Southern California. Earlier in the day, Lamine Yamal and Spain play Cape Verde, and Mo Salah and Egypt take on Belgium.
Iranian team has become political pawn at this World Cup
If you want the World Cup to promote peace and harmony, you have to actually let it do that, not toy with Iran football team and move them to Mexico.
Julien Planté has been appointed as Head of Entertainment at MIRAMIS
Miramis, the international hospitality company, has appointed Julien Planté as Head of Entertainment, a role focused on strengthening live entertainment and cultural programming across the company’s portfolio.
MSI Claw 8 EX AI+ Lands At $1,699, Nearly Doubling The Claw 8 AI+ As Handheld Prices Spiral
MSI's Claw EX AI+ handheld starts at $1,699, making it the company's most expensive device, nearly double the Claw 8's $899 price.
Here Are Monday’s Best Wall Street Analyst Research Calls: Accenture, Caesars Entertainment, Datadog, Dupont, Epam Systems, Ferrari, Paychex, Rocket Lab, TeraWulf, and More
Pre-Market Stock Futures: Futures are exploding higher on news of a peace deal with Iran expected to be signed this Friday. This follows a historic Friday that saw the coming-out party of Space Exploration Technologies (NASDAQ: SPCX), widely known as Elon Musk’s SpaceX. The record-breaking size of the offering, raising $75 billion, the company’s debut ... Here Are Monday’s Best Wall Street Analyst Research Calls: Accenture, Caesars Entertainment, Datadog, Dupont, Epam Systems, Ferrari, Paychex, Rocket Lab, TeraWulf, and More
Here Are Monday’s Best Wall Street Analyst Research Calls: Accenture, Caesars Entertainment, Datadog, Dupont, Epam Systems, Ferrari, Paychex, Rocket Lab, TeraWulf, and More
Pre-Market Stock Futures: Futures are exploding higher on news of a peace deal with Iran expected to be signed this Friday. This follows a historic Friday that saw the coming-out party of Space Exploration Technologies (NASDAQ: SPCX), widely known as Elon Musk’s SpaceX. The record-breaking size of the offering, raising $75 billion, the company’s debut ... Here Are Monday’s Best Wall Street Analyst Research Calls: Accenture, Caesars Entertainment, Datadog, Dupont, Epam Systems, Ferrari, Paychex,
Diomande shows Iraola what the fuss is about
The task of filling the huge vacancy left by Mohamed Salah will be right at the top of Andoni Iraola's tasks when he settles behind his desk at Liverpool. RB Leipzig's 19-year-old Yan Diomande has been the name on the lips of many as the target to take the place of the 'Egyptian king'. Hs is one of Europe's hottest properties and showed exactly why Liverpool are being heavily touted - along with back-t0-back Champions League winners Paris St-Germain - as his next destination with a man-of-the-match performance rich in promise in Ivory Coast's 1-0 victory over Ecuador.
What This Iran Deal Might Mean for American Consumers | WSJ Politics Newsletter for June 15
Plus, Kevin Warsh wants the Fed to say less, and AI deepfakes muddle the midterms
Can Iraola release the real Wirtz?
Florian Wirtz arrived at Liverpool from Bayer Leverkusen last summer amid great fanfare in a then-British record £116m deal - but remained an enigma as he fell far short of expectations. Liverpool still have huge hopes for a gifted attacking player who has only just turned 23, which means one of Andoni Iraola's main tasks is to find a settled position for the German to release the talent he demonstrated before moving to Anfield. This is why Iraola will have been intrigued by what he saw from Wirtz in Germany's 7-1 win against Curacao in their opening World Cup game.
Visitors' viral World Cup videos show what really makes America great
International soccer fans discovering the wonders of America, from spacious skies to chicken fried steak, is giving the U.S. a much-needed morale (and PR) boost.
What COVID is teaching doctors about the relationship between viruses and cancer
The pandemic has left some evidence that viral infection may play a role in reawakening dormant cancer cells already present in a patient’s body before infection.
Campaigns are embracing influencers, but internet stardom doesn't always win votes
It's becoming common for campaigns to seek out viral moments and the support of internet stars to reach new voters. But the strategy, albeit flashy, has yielded mixed results in key races this year.
G7 meeting in France: What’s on agenda, who is attending?
The war in Iran, Ukraine and economic challenges are expected to be a key part of the agenda.
Miramis Appoints Head Of Entertainment Ahead Of Gasometer Stockholm Opening
Miramis, the international hospitality company operating mainly in Italy and Sweden, has appointed Julien Planté as Head of Entertainment, a role focused on
Gaethje's 'Miracle' moment highlights UFC Freedom 250
Let’s just call a spade a spade, whoever wrote the script for UFC’s Freedom 250 card at the White House on Sunday had the Midas Touch.
Oil price falls to three-month low and markets rally after US-Iran peace deal
Rolling coverage of the latest economic and financial news
All Whites' Stamenic aims to do late father proud
Swansea City's Marko Stamenic will be thinking of his inspirational dad as New Zealand begin their World Cup campaign.
Trump sought to break Iran’s regime. He settled for reopening Hormuz.
The emerging agreement ends a costly war but leaves Iran’s leadership intact and its nuclear future still subject to negotiation.
Pumice Rafts Encroach on Admiralty Islands
Buoyant volcanic rock fragments from an underwater eruption drifted across the Bismarck Sea and choked island coasts.
The true test of Trump’s Iran agreement will come only if the fighting stops
The mixed martial arts fights at President Donald Trump’s 80th birthday party showcased the power of dominance and unequivocal victories.
Iran vs. New Zealand 2026 livestream: How to watch World Cup for free
Live stream all the action from the 2026 FIFA World Cup without spending anything.
Cubs' Struggles Should Lead to Ideal Phillies Trade
The Philadelphia Phillies moving on from one of their big prospects wouldn't come as much of a surprise at this trade deadline, though there are some others in the system who could be traded, even if they aren't as highly regarded as some of the other top players.
Trump celebrates his 80th birthday with an Iran deal and UFC cage fights at the White House
President Donald Trump celebrated his 80th birthday by hosting a UFC cage-fighting event on the White House South Lawn while announcing an initial agreement to end the war in Iran and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, potentially easing oil prices. The spectacle blended politics, entertainment, and diplomacy.
Buehler, newcomers propel Padres over Orioles for series win
BALTIMORE -- What seemed like a downward spiral just over a week ago now appears to be a "next man up" culture shift that has San Diego looking up — at least for now.
New Zealand brush aside politics ahead of World Cup opener against Iran
New Zealand coach Darren Bazeley brushed aside the political backdrop to his side's World Cup opener against Iran on Monday, saying his players were focused solely on football despite heightened attention surrounding the match.
Oil prices fall on US-Iran agreement
Oil prices dropped on Sunday after President Donald Trump said an agreement with Iran had been reached and the United States would end its naval blockade on the country.
U.S. and Iran reach agreement to end war, Trump says
The deal commits Tehran to forgo the development or acquisition of nuclear weapons in exchange for helping reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
WSJ Politics Special Edition for June 14: Trump’s Iran Deal Will Hinge on These Things
Here are the main issues to watch to see if this agreement is for real.
Trump Claims Strait Will be ‘Permanently Toll Free’ Under Agreement With Iran
In a call to The New York Times, President Trump praised Russia and China’s leaders and described Israel’s prime minister as “a very difficult guy.”
Trump says US reached a deal with Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz
Trump said the US reached a deal with Iran on Sunday to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, a possible end to a 15-week conflict that upended global oil markets.
Pirates Lose Another Skenes Start, Drop Series to Marlins
PITTSBURGH — The Pittsburgh Pirates had who they wanted on the mound in Sunday’s rubber match against the Miami Marlins […] The post Pirates Lose Another Skenes Start, Drop Series to Marlins appeared first on Pittsburgh Baseball Now.
Trump celebrates 80th birthday with Iran deal ahead of UFC fights on White House South Lawn
Trump marked turning 80 on Sunday by hailing an agreement to end the war in Iran hours before a birthday celebration that once would have seemed unfathomable: a cage-fighting show on the South Lawn of the White House.
Trump turns 80 with spectacle of cage fights at White House; issues loom
The bash comes while the U.S. and Iran are discussing a deal to the end the war, and after Trump's name was removed from Washington's Kennedy Center.
Trump turns 80 with spectacle of cage fights at White House; issues loom
The bash comes while the U.S. and Iran are discussing a deal to the end the war, and after Trump's name was removed from Washington's Kennedy Center.
The U.S.-led war in Iran will dominate Trump's G7 trip to France
The gathering was originally expected to be a meeting focused on a variety of separate economic and security issues.
Rep. James Gallagher on Iran, President Trump and his priorities in Congress
California’s newest Congressman, James Gallagher, described his first few days in Washington as "overwhelming” and filled with emotions as he steps into his new role representing California's U.S. House District 1.
Sen. James Lankford says Congress should ratify any deal Trump makes with Iran
The Oklahoma senator’s comments come as President Donald Trump has signaled that the U.S. and Iran are close to working out a deal to end the war.
32-year-old quit teaching and built a fidget-toy business with her dad. It brought in $428,000 last year
Charlie Moreton and Victoria Baumann are the father-daughter duo behind Victoria Essie Studio, which has seen viral success selling 3D-printed fidget toys.
Politics chat: Trump promises end to Iran war; White House to host UFC fight
President Trump is again promising an end to the war with Iran.
Iranian football legend Azizi puts peace above politics amid World Cup tensions
Iranian football legend Khodadad Azizi, who played in the first World Cup meeting between Iran and the United States in 1998, has told AFP that football should promote "peace" and remain separate from politics.Azizi, 54, was speaking as Iran prepare to play their first match at the World Cup co-hosted by the United States, the country they have been at war with since February.Nicknamed Team Melli, Iran will open their World Cup campaign against New Zealand in Los Angeles on Monday, hoping to reach the knockout stage for the first time in their history.
Webtoon Entertainment (WBTN) Stock After Geopolitical Relief Rally A Fresh Look At Valuation Claims
Geopolitics and market mood behind WEBTOON’s latest move The prospect of a US Iran peace deal eased geopolitical risk and supported a broad shift into risk assets, with WEBTOON Entertainment (WBTN) rising alongside other digital media and content platform stocks. The move came as investors also responded to more supportive credit conditions and lower perceived rate hike odds, rather than any company specific news or fresh disclosure from WEBTOON itself. See our latest analysis for WEBTOON...
Trump at 80 works to project strength as political woes mount
He is struggling to end an unpopular war with Iran, some fellow Republicans have begun to resist his ideas and polls show his support outside his devoted base is waning.
Trump names James M. McDonald to lead powerful New York federal prosecutor's office
President Donald Trump has nominated James M.
La Palma Mega-Tsunami Hype Collapses Under New Science
A viral theory claims it could devastate the East Coast, but experts aren't convinced.
Why Paul Skenes, at the center of the MLB's labor battle, believes the players need to dig in
When it comes to negotiations for the MLB’s next collective bargaining agreement, there are some misconceptions that Paul Skenes would like to clear...
PREVIEW: Iran seek first World Cup knockout stage appearance
Iran’s participation in this year’s World Cup is something of a surprise, but a welcome one for supporters in need of an escape from current events.The Western Asians were the third team to reach ...
Pirates' Braxton Ashcraft: Settles for no-decision Friday
Pirates' Braxton Ashcraft: Settles for no-decision Friday
In Retrospect: Poland, Russia, Europe
In April I spent a few days with Zryw, a Polish non-profit organization that recruits young people to enter politics and public life. Their aim is to build a new generation of civic leaders in Poland. I’ve followed their evolution from the beginning; my son is one of the founders. (“Zryw” means “impulse” or “burst of speed” in Polish). Julie Chmielewska, one of Zryw’s leaders, interviewed me at the event. Here is the conversation, lightly edited for grammar and context: Julia Chmielewska: Assuming that culture shapes institutions, could we conclude that some cultures are more prone to authoritarianism? Anne Applebaum: I don’t think so. Every culture, every nation, and every country has the potential for change. When we look at history, we can see that nations do change. Poland has changed, for example, from the 1980s to today. There’s a completely different mentality here than the one I encountered when I first visited, in 1988. The current generation sees the world through a different frame. So no, I don’t believe that certain nations are doomed to authoritarianism, or to anything. Of course, there are political and cultural traditions, but they can always be challenged. JC: So do you think there’s something intrinsic in human nature that pushes people to democracy, freedom? AA: I think there is something in human nature, a deep instinct, that pushes people towards freedom, yes. People who live in authoritarian countries – and I’ve heard this from them over and over again – sooner or later find themselves angered by a feeling of helplessness. They can see the unfairness of crooked courts, irrational political decisions. They naturally dislike the fact that somebody has all the power while they have none. In those circumstances, people who have no political background at all sometimes are politicized just by that frustration. I’m thinking of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, for example, who was a Belarusian housewife, until the circumstances of her husband’s arrest forced her to become a politician. I met a woman who is a Uyghur from China, and who had come to live in Turkey. After several of her family members were arrested, she too was propelled into a political role. These kinds of experiences make people interested in democracy or political reform, even if they thought they didn’t care. I also think that the opposite is true: some people instinctively prefer homogeneity, order, hierarchy. They don’t like the confrontation of opinions or the noise of debate, and they lean towards a single leader or a unified regime. I think that most of modern history is shaped by the clash between those two different sides of human nature. JC: Which force do you find more powerful today? AA: I think they both have a lot of power and there’s no way of predicting who wins. Even in countries that seem very shut off or stuck in an authoritarian system can change. We’ve seen that happen. And vice versa, I think democracies can also begin to fail and slide into authoritarianism. So it’s very important not to be complacent in either direction. JC: I want to go into your history and your experiences. You’ve lived in Russia during a time of incredible change in the late 80s, and then you came back to do research in post-Soviet Russia. AA: I was a student in Russia just before the collapse of the Soviet Union. I then traveled and worked there extensively in the 1990s, and I met people who really were full of hope. They hoped that Russia could become a democracy, or at least a place that guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of the press. These weren’t ideas that came from Washington. Although now the narrative in the Kremlin is different, I met many people who were working towards exactly that kind of transformation. A friend of mine ran a series of seminars – once a year, and then later several times a year, in cities all over Russia – designed to get people to discuss politics in new ways. She invited young politicians and journalists, as well as foreigners. I went to many of them, in Moscow as well as Volgograd and Novosibirsk. Over two decades, hundreds of people came to these seminars, and all of them wanted Russia to be different. I remain convinced that many Russians still want Russia to be different. It’s just that the old system, in the form of Putin, a representative of that system, returned. The KGB reimposed their power. And this wasn’t because of something to do with culture, this was to do with money and politics, and who was in charge. JC: You’ve partially answered my question... I wanted to ask whether that excitement of the 1990s was an exception from the Russian historical norm which has been rather authoritarian? AA: Of course, if you look at the history of Russia since the 18th century, there have always been liberal groups, reformers and revolutionaries. There were the Decembrists, in the early 19th century, and the rural populists later on, who tried to organize the peasantry. A significant group of liberal Russians appeared at the turn of the 20th century, people like the father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov, who was a Russian politician before the revolution. These groups were small in number, but sometimes had a broader significance. The Russian dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s actually invented the modern human rights movement. It was their idea to hold the leaders of the Soviet Union accountable for the language they used, to remind them of the treaties they had signed and the promised they had made. They created the Helsinki group, for example, that held Soviet leadership to the language of the Helsinki Treaty, which formally ended the Second World War and which contained guarantees of human rights, at least on paper. That idea spread to Eastern Europe, and similar tactics were used here in Poland. (Benjamin Nathans recently wrote a great book about the Soviet dissidents, To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause) JC: But seemingly, even if they do ever get power, they could never hold on to it. AA: We don’t know, because they have never really had power. But in any case, we also don’t know what will happen in the future. There is no reason to assume that Russia will forever be condemned to totalitarianism. Even during the first fifteen years of Putin’s regime there was some form of democratic politics. Only when the full-scale war began did he bring everything to an end: he shut down all remaining independent organizations and killed his most important opponent, Alexi Navalny. But does that mean he is popular, that he enjoys legitimacy? Even now, we don’t really know what Russians think about him, or about the war. There is no way of doing real polling in Russia because nobody will answer an independent pollster over the phone. JC: Do you think that the flock of young people, especially young men, who fled Russia after the start of the war represent a continuation of liberal movements that refuse to partake in the authoritarian state, or do you think they are moving for the sake of self-preservation – “I don’t want to go to the army, so I leave”? AA: I’m sure it’s both. I actually know many people who left Russia for political reasons either in the very last years before the war, or else just after the war began. JC: And do you see a change in the young generation versus the old one that have fled? AA: It’s hard for me to say because the people who I know were mostly already politicized. I do know some younger people who left, but most of them were already either active in the opposition, or working as journalists. Many of them very self-consciously think of themselves as maintaining Russian culture abroad, just as in the 20th century the Soviet dissidents or the anti-communist White Russians once thought of themselves as people who maintained the true Russian culture, outside of Bolshevik Russia. JC: Let’s move on to Poland. One of your first experiences with Poland was reporting on Margaret Thatcher’s first state visit, in the autumn of 1988. You followed her around the farmers’ market. AA: She was making a symbolic gesture. She wanted to welcome free markets, but the only one she could really visit was the farmers’ market at Hala Mirowska. JC: And I want to talk about this area because today you can look out of any window in that district, Mirów, and see rows and rows of skyscrapers. How does it feel to see a country built from the ground in such a short time, both politically and economically? AA: You know, when you’re living in a period of dramatic change, it’s always hard to know whether the change is positive or negative. The transformation in Poland created winners and losers, as well as new classes of people, new political movements of different kinds. At the time, it sometimes just felt like turbulence. Now, we can look back at the 1990s and early 2000s in Poland and see in retrospect that the country was headed in towards prosperity and European integration. In around 2009 or 2010, I remember speaking to a woman who worked cleaning government offices, and who asked me if her daughter should study in Amsterdam or in London. This seemed to me to be a real transformation, and it happened very fast: within a few years, Poles stopped feeling like second-class Europeans, and a generation of younger Poles appeared who had no qualms about crossing borders. JC: We again live in turbulent times. Do you think we’re heading towards positive outcomes? AA: I can’t make predictions, because everything that happens tomorrow depends on what people do today. Also, history doesn’t have a trajectory. It doesn’t move in a particular direction. You only think it does afterwards. As I said, you can look afterwards at Poland in the 1990s and you could say this was a period of great progress. But not everybody at the time saw that. Sometimes people are very wrong about a given country’s trajectory. I remember people writing about Ukraine in the 1990s, about how dangerous it was that Ukraine was independent, that this was going to be an anti-semitic state, that Ukrainian nationalism was going to come back... and although you can say many bad things about Ukraine, the country made many bad choices, actually it became a pretty tolerant state which now has a Jewish president and until recently a Muslim defense minister. JC: In the 1990s Poland’s and Ukraine’s GDP were roughly similar. Ukraine was even a bit richer. So the starting point was similar for both of these countries, but they’ve turned out very, very differently. Even if we stop in 2014. Why do you think Ukraine “chose East”? Was it external influence? AA: No, I think Ukraine was in a different position. First of all, central and eastern Ukraine had been part of the Soviet Union since the 1920s, and had therefore experienced a longer period of occupation, repression, Sovietization and even Russification. Ukraine did not have, as Poland did, an alternative elite: a large cadre of economists and politicians, who already had some experience in opposition politics and in independent thinking. In Poland, the transformative finance minister, Leszek Balcerowicz, had already thought about how an economy might be decentralized before he took office. We can argue about how successful he was, but at least he was prepared to try something new. In Ukraine, people weren’t prepared. For one, there hadn’t been much space even for an illegal opposition in the previous couple of decades. Ukraine was also in many ways still emerging from colonial occupation. For the previous couple of centuries, many of the most capable Ukrainians had moved to Russia, and the first generation of leaders in independent Ukraine tended to be former Soviet apparatchiks. They didn’t immediately seek to become closer to western Europe. Instead, they looked for some kind of economic and political “third way” and an accomodation with Russia. Ukraine became stuck in this position, half-in, half-out and became pretty profoundly corrupt. JC: The Polish alternative elite had a vision of where they wanted the country to go. I think the general perception now is that this vision ends with the next election, right? Is this a natural process of gaining power? AA: Their vision, and it was shared by the time by politicians who now call themselves both left and right, was that Poland should join the EU and NATO, as fast as possible. My husband (Radek Sikorski) was in the very first government that said it wanted to join NATO. At the time this was taken very badly in Washington: the demand for NATO membership absolutely came from Poland, not from the US. But even then, in the early 1990s, many Poles already understood that the Russian sphere of influence would grow once again, that it was important to become part of the transatlantic alliance and an integrated Europe as fast as possible: NATO, the EU, the Council of Europe, all of the trading and security alliances. That consensus lasted through several different governments and over many years, even governments containing former communists. For twenty years, right, left and center disagreed about many things, but they all agreed on the direction that the country should go. In retrospect, that consensus created the basis for prosperity in Poland. JC: And regarding the Polish-Ukrainian relations. We know that antagonisms, e.g. the myth of Wołyń [a massacre of Poles that took place in what is now Western Ukraine, in 1943] are increasingly used in Polish political discourse today. In Ukraine, nationalist historians make heroes out of UPA, the Ukrainian revolutionary army, which is held responsible for this tragedy. Where do you see a start for burying the hatchet? Is the reconciliation of our nations possible? AA: So here’s a strange thing: For more than a decade after they both gained independence, Poland and Ukraine participated in a number of projects that were designed to solve exactly these kinds of Polish-Ukrainian differences. Books were published that were jointly written by Polish and Ukrainian historians, monuments were built. These projects were successful: If you’d asked me this question in 2010, I would have said that there are no real historical issues between Poland and Ukraine, that the two countries had mostly reconciled. For a number of reasons, this began to shift. In Poland, children and grandchildren of victims of the Wołyń massacre felt their tragedy hadn’t been fully recognized. In Ukraine, nationalist groups wanted the UPA partisans who had fought against the Soviet Union recognized for their heroism, despite the fact that some in this broad and not well-defined group were also linked to Wołyń. In both eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the memory of the ethnic cleansing that took place there in the late 1940s - Poles were moved West, Ukrainians East - to accomodate new borders has left feelings of displacement and bitterness. The wave of Ukrainian immigration, which started before the war, may have provoked some of this. But don’t underestimate the role played by Russia, which has always wanted to create discord between Poland and Ukraine, and pumps out propaganda to that effect in both countries. Vandalism on both sides of the border, damage done to cemeteries and monuments, is sometimes carried out by provacateurs working for Russia, just to create bad feelings. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict also hides a different reality: although there are real grievances and bad memories, the truth is that the biggest tragedies both nations experienced in the twentieth century were inflicted by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. That should unite these two countries, not divide them. JC: This week (19.04.2026 – Ed.) in Hungary we saw that using historical narratives to create grievance has no longer worked. Are you optimistic about the direction after Orban’s loss? AA: The Hungarian election was really important because it shows that people can actually resist powerful, dominant propaganda. The ruling party Fidesz controlled all of the TV, 90% of the newspapers, the constitutional court, the bureaucracy... and yet people had the nerve to vote against it and resist it. It’s also an important election because Hungary created a huge network of well-funded think tanks and foundations that were funding other far right groups and projects. So that loss is going to have a knock-on effect in other places too, maybe even in Poland. JC: What you’ve said about resisting propaganda reminds me of one of the interviews you did about talking to Russians in the post-Soviet era who claimed that people knew that the system was lying. Why do people choose to believe in these regimes anyway? AA: Because it’s useful. Stephen Kotkin, an American historian, once described how people would learn how to “speak Bolshevik”: It was just a language that you needed to use in order to get by in society. If you didn’t talk the way the regime wanted you to talk, then you might have problems, or lose your job, or your kids would not get into university. It was a way of getting along. Communist Poland was similar, at least in the early years. When I was writing a book about the Sovietization of Eastern Europe after World War II, I met a lot of people who wanted to talk a lot about the war, when many of them had done really heroic things. But almost nobody wanted to talk about the decade afterwards, between 1945 and 1956. This was when you had the short period of terror, violence and Polish Stalinism. To stay safe, people felt the need to just go along with what others were saying, or stay out of politics, or use communist jargon without necessarily believing it. I don’t judge them for it, and I wouldn’t describe all of those people as collaborators. It’s easy to feel moral certainty in retrospect, because we know that communism ended. But if you were living in 1949, it might not have been clear to you that communism was going to end. In very repressive societies, maybe about 10% of people who are really evil – collaborators, torturers. Maybe 10% of people are really brave and who find ways to resist. And then around 80% of people have kids, they have parents, they have to have jobs and they’ve had to get through it somehow. Strange though it may sound, I’ve found that the work I did on that book is now very useful in explaining some of what’s going on in the United States today. There are plenty of members of the Republican Party in Congress who know perfectly well that Donald Trump says many things that aren’t true. But they avoid criticizing him because it’s inconvenient, because they would get in trouble, because someone would attack them on the internet. So actually you don’t even need mass terror to get people to conform. JC: Is Gen Z reinventing agency? AA: We’ll see. In any generation you can find groups of people who want agency. If you live in a society that’s unfair, for example where a tiny number of people have captured most of the wealth, then at a certain point people rebel. This is always easier for younger people, who have you have less to lose. The question now is how the internet will affect the relationships between citizens and the state, and how it will change organizations. The “Twitter revolutions” people spoke about as early as 2008-9, mass protests organized online, have often proved to be very superficial. Although you can easily join something just by clicking, the work of creating a real movement requires physical participation. Successful mass movements of the past, for example the Civil Rights movement in the United States, were built by people who had spent many years together. They had participated in non-violent workshops together. They practiced and prepared. Just using the you can get everybody to show up at a certain moment, but then when the protest is broken up, nothing happens. It’s also true that the repressive regimes have more recently learned how to use the internet to undermine leaders and movements. Most of all, they now understand how to make people cynical. The form of propaganda that most modern authoritarians use - and I think the Russians really pioneered this - deploys sneering cynicism. Instead of praising the rulers, the regime propagandists mock the opposition movement leadership for being supposedly corrupt or sexually degenerate, with the goal of undermining any kind of idealism. JC: MAGA grew on the internet? AA: MAGA is a real grassroots movement. They had symbols, red hats, they showed up at rallies. But you’re right that the cynicism, the sarcasm and the distrust that the movement embodies came originally from the internet, and this is different. Fifty years ago, most European political parties had a social base in real organizations, in trade unions for Social Democrats, in church groups for Christian Democrats. As people stopped going to church and as the trade unions became smaller, the social base of these parties disappeared. Now people who wouldn’t have known one another in the past meet on the internet and create new movements, many of which don’t last. JC: Is history ending? Going in stale circles? AA: History never ends. In truth, human beings want contradictory things at the same time: order and freedom, stability and change. These things are never resolved, and when a society swings too far in one direction, people always push it the other way. But each time that happens, the result is different. Certainly it is true that we are now in a period when old philosophers and ideas from the 1930s are undergoing a revival. Carl Schmitt, who was a philosopher who was very influential on the Nazis, is back as an influence on both the far left and the far right, once again inspiring people to think that all politics has to be existential, that all politics is about defining and defeating enemies. In the US, some are also bringing back dominionism, the idea that we need a Christian and not a secular state. It’s also true that we are living through a more fundamental shift. The old left-right divide, which was mostly about the size of the state, is much less important now. Instead, we are arguing about more fundamental things: what are our rights, what protects our freedom. Or how much power do we want to give small elites, versus how much power to give ordinary people. In America a small group of very wealthy people now control information, because they control the social media platforms and AI, which means they determine what people will read and learn. Finding a way to preserve preserve zones of autonomy and independent thinking, this is going to be the main task for the next generation. JC: What is the one book that a person interested in Central Europe should read? AA: You could read my book “Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe” which tells the story of how the Soviet Union imposed its culture on the region. Or read Tim Snyder’s history of the region, “The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus 1569-1999.” And everyone should read “The Captive Mind” by Czesław Miłosz, which describes exactly the phenomenon we were talking about: why do people collaborate? I joined Scott Galloway and the brilliant Fiona Hill in a discussion about the wars in Ukraine and Iran, the future of global power, and what these conflicts reveal about America's role in the world. Scott told us that this was the 400th edition of his podcast, which is quite a number: My friend Francesco Chiamulera runs a brilliant series of literary events, Una Colline di Libri, A Hill of Books, in the Prosecco Hills, a region of vineyards and elegant hill towns in the Veneto, north of Venice. We did an event in Vittorio Veneto and also drove and biked around the countryside. Buy Autocracy Inc Buy Iron Curtain Open Letters, from Anne Applebaum is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe
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