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Wall Street Journal Puts Michigan’s Collapse on National Stage
The Wall Street Journal says Michigan is wobbling after the Minnesota loss dropped the Wolverines to 3-2. #GoBlue
NBA Scout Calls Jalen Duren an Overpaid Role Player
An anonymous NBA scout had a blunt verdict on what Detroit just paid Jalen Duren. #Pistons
Crystal Palace Women Head into International Break: How to Follow
Crystal Palace Women head into international break - who's playing?
Northeastern Pennsylvania schools embrace the Science of Reading
Amid a nationwide decline in literacy, teachers across Pennsylvania — including educators in Northeastern Pennsylvania — are rewriting the rules on reading.
Northeastern Pennsylvania schools embrace the Science of Reading
Amid a nationwide decline in literacy, teachers across Pennsylvania — including educators in Northeastern Pennsylvania — are rewriting the rules on reading.
WBJ seeks nominations of business executives who served in the military
Worcester Business Journal is seeking nominations of notable executives with military experience for the Focus on Veterans in Business edition. WBJ will highlight professionals who served in the country’s active […]
How a controversial camera system is monitoring mental health patients
The Lampard Inquiry started back in September 2024 and I remember going to the first hearing in Chelmsford. Subscribe The bereaved families made placards of their loved ones, they stood outside in silence and then laid flowers to mark the moment. Now, two years on, in a process meant to last another two years, there’s been a development. Last week, we were told the chair, Baroness Lampard, pictured below, could be looking at making interim recommendations. Throughout the process, she has remarked that although this inquiry is looking at almost 2,000 people who were under the care of Essex mental health services from 2000-2023 when they died, the findings could have national implications for other trusts. ‘Records 24 hours a day in patient’s bedroom’ So why has this happened? One system that the inquiry is going to take a closer look at is a controversial monitoring system called Oxevision. It monitors some vital signs of patients remotely by using a camera placed in a room. It’s used by 40% of NHS mental health trusts. But campaigners, particularly the group Stop Oxevision, have asked for this technology to be removed from mental health wards as soon as possible. I spoke to a member, Hat Porter, today and they described to me what they thought this technology did and explained their concerns: “It records 24 hours a day and it’s located in a patient’s bedroom, which is obviously somewhere you’d usually expect to be a private place. “Our concerns are that the use of the technology has been has been kind of implemented as a substitute for proper in-person support, that it’s kind of over relied on and that there’s a lot of misunderstandings and that the presence of a camera, which has often been used without people’s consent, sometimes without even their knowledge, that that has a really big impact on privacy, dignity and human rights.” ‘Not sufficient’ I put it to them that the company behind Oxevision would dispute their claims about consent and in videos I’ve seen online from NHS trusts, they make it clear that the technology is complementary to trained staff and not a replacement. [ ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/the-nottingham-inquiry-what-lessons) [ How the Nottingham inquiry shines a spotlight on other key mental health care failings ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/the-nottingham-inquiry-what-lessons) Victoria Macdonald · Feb 12 [ Read full story ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/the-nottingham-inquiry-what-lessons) A team of lawyers has been working on the inquiry and with bereaved family members who have concerns about this technology. I spoke to solicitor Priya Singh, from Hodge Jones & Allen, who made the point that questions usually asked by nurses would be missing from using devices like this. “It’s not sufficient to say, oh, the patient is moving around. Somebody must go in and say, are you okay? Are you distressed? Do you want help? Is there anything I can do? Share Channel 4 News “How are you spending your time? So I think a lot of our families cannot see the function of it when ultimately the patient should only really be observed when they’ve been prescribed to be observed, they can be observed more, but that more should really be happening face to face.” The Chair will hear evidence over the next two weeks and then a decision made after that, which could have national impact if she does decide this technology should be investigated or even removed. The Department of Health and Social Care said: “The Government is committed to ensuring that lessons are learned from the Lampard Inquiry to improve patient safety. “We are confident that the Inquiry will play an important role in identifying wider learnings for the health system following the tragic events in Essex and will contribute to improvements in patient safety.” We approached LIO Health, which runs Oxevision, for comment. Subscribe Share Channel 4 News Leave a comment
Tottenham’s International Returns For Manchester United Preparations
Tottenham’s internationals return in stages before Manchester United, leaving Roberto De Zerbi to balance training, travel and recovery at Hotspur Way.
Five Plays: NC State First Quarter
Louisville lost another football game on Saturday. They also lost another game that they should have won. Penalties had been a major issue for this team, but they replaced that issue with turnovers this time around. But the biggest issue remains, and that issue is blown coverages by the secondary. For the second straight week, […]
Construction employment and spending still down from last year
Construction employment on Long Island fell 2 percent year-over-year, with national construction spending down 1.7 percent.
Rural and Urban Health Center Patients and Financing
This brief reports on rural and urban health center patients and financing in 2025 using national data from the Uniform Data System (UDS) and examines potential impacts of recent federal policy changes.
Nations League Liveblog: Italy vs. Turkiye
This page will update live with the latest relevant news, no need to refresh the page!Join us for all the build-up and action as it happens from the Nations League, as Italy try to build momentum agai...
Flu season is already spiking in Hamilton County local health officials say
Hamilton County health officials are urging residents to get up to date on recommended and school-required vaccinations ahead of the cold and flu season.The Ha
Ben Johnson Names Bears Starting QB vs. Packers
Bears coach Ben Johnson announced Tyson Bagent will start against the Packers as Caleb Williams remains out with a hamstring injury.
Texas improved its health during the bye week
“I think we’re healthier than we were this time a week ago.”
The business of women's sports is booming—a viral bar that brings in $1M a year wants to take advantage
As women's sports enjoy record viewership, The Sports Bra — a Portland, Oregon, bar that only plays women's sports on TV — is rolling out national franchise plans.
Fox Tells DC Circ. Worker Wasn't Fired Over Leave, Politics
Fox News urged the D.C. Circuit to reject a former Capitol Hill producer's bid to revive claims that he was fired over his political views and use of sick leave, arguing he was terminated instead for insubordination and unprofessional conduct.
Susan Lucci to discuss grief, memoir in Newtown
Susan Lucci holds the record for the most Daytime Emmy nominations for an individual performer, with a total of 21 nominations, according to People.
Wyoming Business Hit A 5-Year Enrollment High. Its Dean Isn't Satisfied
Scott Beaulier once pictured a McDonald's franchise as his ceiling. Now he wants national recognition for a Wyoming college up 18% since 2021
Warner Bros. Executive Gerhard Zeiler to Enter Politics in Austria
Gerhard Zeiler, president of international for Warner Bros. Discovery, has declared his intention to enter politics in Austria.
Rome Rescue Mission collecting donations for Thanksgiving
The Rome Rescue Mission is looking for food and monetary donations for its annual Thanksgiving meal service, which will provide more than 2,000 hot meals to people in the community.
Breaking down Bills problems after Week 4; concern or overreaction?
Should the Bills be concerned with these developments or is concern now an overreaction?
Top Iranian official admits dire state of the economy: Report
A top Iranian official reportedly admitted that Iran’s economy is in dire straits due to the war and the U.S. blockade of the country. Mohsen Rezaei, secretary of the Supreme National Security Council and former commander in chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, made the admission Saturday at a high-level government meeting focused on […]
Sporting KC Weekly Schedule: Oct. 7-10, 2026
Sporting Kansas City returns home to host the Portland Timbers at 7:30 p.m. CT on Saturday at Sporting Park as the club celebrates National Hispanic Heritage Month. Tickets are available on SeatGeek, including a special Latino Heritage Night ticket pack featuring an exclusive luchador mask/hat and a Corona or Coca-Cola
Mauricio Pochettino praises Cavan Sullivan after landmark goal against Mexico
U.S. Men's National Team boss Mauricio Pochettino has given his thoughts on Cavan Sullivan after he became the youngest goalscorer in team history against Mexico
Alex Ovechkin Retiring at End of Season
Alex Ovechkin announced the 2026-27 season will be his last, including one final trip to Detroit. #RedWings
NWA C-Suite: Alison Nation
Nation’s extensive experience in communications and marketing leadership prepared her for the role at Visit Bentonville. Under her leadership, the organization’s digital engagement and visibility growth for the city have...
NWA C-Suite: Alison Nation
Nation’s extensive experience in communications and marketing leadership prepared her for the role at Visit Bentonville. Under her leadership, the organization’s digital engagement and visibility growth for the city have...
Fan Notes from the Patriots’ win over the Bills
Notes, musings, and observations from New England’s win over the Bills.
Seahawks vs. 49ers odds: Opening lines for Week 5 matchup
The Seahawks are slight favorites against the undefeated 49ers.
Juventus Following Dutch Duo Ahead of Next Summer
Two high-ranking Juventus officials attended the recent Nations League game between Germany and the Netherlands to keep tabs on Brian Brobbey and Virgil van Dijk. The pair is on their radar ahead of n...
‘A five-alarm fire’ confronts President Trump in red-state October blitz
The midterm elections were just two days away the last time a sitting president visited Grand Island, the fourth-largest city in the middle of one of the nation’s most reliably Republican states.
Dawg Sports on the Radio
Your Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Vanderbilt Commodores 38-14 on Saturday, and we intend to not just write about it, but also talk about it. That’s why I’ll be listening to MaconDawg’s chinchilla ranching consultant on WFOY in St. Augustine(102.1 FM/1240 AM) this evening around 6:45 pm Eastern to talk Georgia Bulldog football on SportsNow with host […]
National Museum of Natural History’s Sant Director Kirk Johnson To Depart for the Denver Museum of Nature and Science
Kirk Johnson announced today that he will step down as the Sant Director of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History after 14 years in the role, as he prepares to join the Denver Museum of Nature and Science as its next president and CEO. An advocate for science, nature and the power of museums to influence the […]
How former Cyclones performed in Week 4 of the NFL
Ten former Cyclones made appearances in Week 4 of the NFL and played a combined 543 snaps on offense, defense and special teams. Breece Hall – New York Jets Hall did not play against the Chicago Bears due to a quad injury sustained during the Lions game in week three. Jake Hummel – Houston Texans Hummel […]
3 scientists share Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for work in optogenetics
The Nobel Foundation awarded its prize in physiology and medicine Monday to three scientists who researched how nerve cells affect the brain.
Harold Crocker Attends 50th Annual Ventriloquist Convention In Kentucky
Falmouth’s Harold Crocker was among more than 600 attendees at the 50th Vent Haven International Ventriloquist Convention held in Kentucky in July.
Seedy K’s Pigskin Palaver: House of Cards & Much Mo’
Ah yes, October; the pigskin campaign is morphing more fully developed. And, fully enveloping. This week, there’s a football game on every single night. Not just the more traditional Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday. Because Draft Kings and Fan Duel and The World Wide Leader need content, we get Southern Miss and Troy on Tuesday, […]
2026-27 MLS NEXT schedule: Key dates to know
By MLSsoccer staffThe 2026-27 MLS NEXT season will be the seventh and largest in league history, expanding national competition and player development opportunities across North America's top youth so...
Top Athletes: J|medical Brings Excellence in Sports Medicine to Allianz Stadium
On 2 and 3 October, Allianz Stadium hosted the second edition of “Top Athletes: Where Excellence Meets Evidence”, the International Congress promoted by J|medical, which brought together in Turi...
Who will rural voters blame for harmful healthcare changes, policies this election?
Inflation and affordability, immigration and international conflicts may be dominating much of the news—and voters' attention—but healthcare, as always, still matters at the ballot box—perhaps even more so for rural voters.
Dennis Hastert, longtime Republican House speaker who went to prison, dies at age 84
Dennis Hastert, the nation’s longest-serving Republican House speaker, whose own political legacy was forever fouled by allegations that he molested high school
Lions’ Jahmyr Gibbs Decision Makes Absolutely No Sense
Jahmyr Gibbs received just 15 carries against the NFL’s worst run defense as the Detroit Lions fell 32-26 to the Carolina Panthers.
What we learned from Wales' Nations League window
On the back of a demanding four-game international window, BBC Sport Wales assesses the key talking points from Wales' Nations League A campaign so far.
Lions Injury Could Force Brad Holmes Back Into Trade Market
Rock Ya-Sin’s hamstring injury could increase the Detroit Lions’ urgency to trade for a cornerback after their pursuit of Joey Porter Jr.
USA vs. Canada: How to watch, stream international friendly
Two of Concacaf's elite teams clash Tuesday evening when the United States host Canada at Allianz Field, home of Minnesota United FC.How to watch & streamUSA: TNT, truTV, HBO Max, Universo, PeacockCan...
First Glance: Missouri Tigers
Aggies seeking a statement win to get the season back on track
2026 Outstanding Women in Business
The 18th annual Outstanding Women in Business awards recognize a dozen well-accomplished professionals from across the region and in many industries who go above and beyond. The committee selected the winners from more than 80 nominations, all of whom were worthy. The criteria evaluated each nominee’s professional achievements, community impact, ability to break the glass ceiling and mentorship of other professionals, particularly women. In addition to profiling these women in the following pages, the Worcester Business Journal will celebrate this year’s Outstanding Women in Business at a special luncheon on Oct. 28 at the College of the Holy Cross. To join the celebration of these exceptional women, visit WBJournal.com and register. – Mark Conti, editor This Year’s Judges Worcester Business Journal considered 54 Central Massachusetts professionals for the 2026 Outstanding Women in Business awards, based on 83 nominations. These nominees were independently evaluated by two volunteer judges, who scored each on their professional achievements, community contribution and mentorship of young professionals. Samantha P. McDonald is a partner at Bowditch. She is an experienced, client-focused real estate lawyer, concentrating on business and real estate property law. She has been recognized as a WBJ Power 100 in the Class of 2026 and a “Top Women of Law” in Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly. Dr. Kavita Babu is chief medical officer and vice president of medical affairs at Heywood Healthcare, where she provides strategic and clinical leadership to advance high-quality, patient-centered care across the organization. She is also a member of the WBJ Outstanding Women in Business Class of 2025.
HOMETOWN HEALTH: Are you protected against measles? fifth U.S. death reported
One of the largest national medical organizations in the United States has a message it wants people to hear.
American College of Lifestyle Medicine welcomes national resolution advancing nature as a foundation for health and well-being
/PRNewswire/ -- The American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) today welcomed a resolution adopted by the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA)...
Health Agency says now is the time to update raspatory virus Vaccinations
COLDWATER, MI (WTVB) - As fall arrives and respiratory virus season gets underway, the Branch-Hillsdale-St. Jo...
Chelsea is leading Arsenal in the race for England international
New England star Alex Scott is one of the most sought-after players in European football, and Arsenal wants to add him to its squad.The Bournemouth midfielder has established himself as an outstanding...
Nations League: the chances of reaching the quarter-finals 👀
Are Les Bleus in a strong position?In this edition of the Nations League, as in the previous one, the group stage will be followed by quarter-finals.The top two teams in each of the four groups will q...
The Science Behind Female-Specific Firefighting PPE
Camilla Callesen, chief designer at VIKING Fire & Rescue, and retired firefighter Kendall Taylor discuss the research, engineering, and field testing behind the VIKING VALKYRIE.
Bruno Guimaraes Details Heavy Brazil Workload Ahead of Arsenal Return
Bruno Guimaraes has revealed the amount of travelling Brazil faced during a demanding international window before his return to Arsenal.
oasisVRX Expands to the Princeton Area With New Active Entertainment Virtual Reality Destination
/PRNewswire/ -- oasisVRX is expanding with the opening of its second location at Princeton North Shopping Center, 1225 Route 206 in Princeton, New Jersey....
Tracking health misinformation helps pediatricians provide targeted patient education
Pediatric clinicians can learn useful information by tracking the health misinformation that their patients encounter, according to research presented during the American Academy of Pediatrics 2026 National Conference & Exhibition Oct. 2-6, 2026, at the San Diego Convention Center.
Detroit Lions vs. Arizona Cardinals Point Spread Revealed
The Detroit Lions are favored on the road against the Arizona Cardinals in Week 5. Check out the latest FanDuel point spread, moneyline and total.
Bromley Women 1-0 Reading Women: Match Report
The Royals are out of the cup, following a narrow defeat in South London on Sunday.
Duke Recruiting: Crystal Balls For A Five-Star Target
Are things looking good for Asa Montgomery to Duke?
Takeaways from Bills loss to Patriots
Here’s what I took away from the Bills home loss to the Patriots
CD Cuarte, the first opponent in the Copa del Rey
Girona FC will visit CD Cuarte, an Aragonese team from the Tercera Federación, in the match corresponding to the first round of the 2026/2027 Copa del Rey. The single-elimination match will be played...
Can Washington Nationals Bounce Back Into Playoff Team in 2027?
Can the Washington Nationals flip the script to become a playoff contender in 2027?
Three Japanese regional banks consider business integration
The Japanese lenders concerned are Procrea Holdings, Akita Bank, and Bank of Iwate.
MLB News Outside The Confines: The Postseason hits the roof
All the news from the playoffs, including Drew Rasmussen, Ty France and the Brewers.
Scientists reveal what seven days of fasting does to the human body
Scientists found that prolonged fasting triggers major changes throughout the body, but many of the most interesting effects only appeared after about three days without food. The results suggest fasting may influence health in ways that go beyond weight loss and could eventually inspire treatments that mimic its effects.
Talkiatry Earns Joint Commission Accreditation for Behavioral Health Care
/PRNewswire/ -- Talkiatry, the nation's largest psychiatric provider group and the preferred in-network psychiatry partner for more than 70 U.S. health...
Kansas City Royals news: Drew Waters elects free agency
And why do the Royals start out so slow?
Are the Brewers becoming more clutch in the Postseason?
Milwaukee’s ability in game one and two to comeback and win, makes this team feel that much more special
Caden Hunter pitched like a Top 100 prospect in 2026
Orioles prospect Caden Hunter pitched his way into MLB Pipeline’s Top 100 with a dominant 2026 season.
Will Democrats’ midterm wave reach California’s Central Valley? Bernie Sanders rallies the vote
Bernie Sanders rallied hundreds in sweltering Bakersfield heat for Randy Villegas, a progressive long shot in one of the nation's most contested House races.
Science Highlights Six Overlooked Pioneers Who Missed the Nobel Prize in Medicine
The international journal Science has spotlighted six groundbreaking achievements in the life sciences that never received Nobel Prize recognition.…
MLB playoff schedule: It’s American League Monday
The National League had the MLB playoff stage to itself on Sunday, but while those four teams switch cities, Monday belongs to the American League Division Series, with a pair of Games 2 in Cleveland and St. Petersburg. Major League Baseball in recent years has started the Division Series round with all four series playing […]
Dan Campbell refuses to talk about Kelvin Sheppard’s job security
Detroit Lions coach Dan Campbell wouldn’t discuss DC Kelvin Sheppard’s job security after another defensive meltdown.
Reclaiming 'Health Sovereignty': EU Gastein Forum Confronts A Fragmenting Global Order
Health, long treated as a sanctuary of diplomatic consensus, has entered an era of high politics and ideological division. Leading the closing panel of the EU Health Forum Gastein (EHFG) on Friday (2 October), session chair Ilona Kickbusch, founder of the Global Health Centre at the Graduate Institute in Geneva, highlighted how recent votes at the UN General Assembly demonstrate that nation-states increasingly split and vote instead of searching for consensus.
Keller on what happens when all politics is actually national
President Trump's Massachusetts numbers and what they mean for GOP candidates
International Coalition Endorses Kyoto Vision For A Golden Age Of Science
An international coalition of 17 countries have endorsed the Kyoto Vision for a Golden Age of Science. A joint declaration issued at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Science and Technology in Society Forum held in Kyoto, reflects a shared ambition to renew and strengthen our science ecosystems and usher in a golden age of discovery and prosperity.
RBI sees no signs of expropriation of Russian business, CEO says
Raiffeisen Bank International currently sees no signs of an expropriation of its Russian business, CEO Michael Hoellerer said on Monday, after several attempts by the Austrian lender to sell the division have failed.
The Daily Mauling: 10/5/26
Kansas Jayhawks News It’s official, Melvin Council, Jr is coming back to Kansas Jalon Daniels got his first NFL start this weekend. It didn’t go especially well, but he vows to use the lessons he learned moving forward What did we learn from the 55-0 drubbing of MTSU? The LJW weighs in The Topeka Capitol-Journal […]
Phillies news: Bryce Harper, Bryson Stott, Kyle Schwarber
I’d like to see Munetaka Murakami hit another home run tonight
Game Preview: Winnipeg Jets @ Pittsburgh Penguins 10/5/2026
Who: Winnipeg Jets (1-0-1, 4th place Central Division) @ Pittsburgh Penguins (2-0-0, 1st place Metropolitan Division) When: 7:30 p.m. eastern How to Watch: Locally televised game on Sportsnet Pittsburgh, Sportsnet+ up in Canada, out-of-market streaming on ESPN+ Pens’ Path Ahead: Up next for the Penguins will be two road games against division opponent, Washington on Wednesday […]
Orioles news: How will the O’s solve their infield logjam?
With Jordan Westburg returning next year, how will the O’s make room in the infield for him?
Lions vs. Cardinals odds: Opening lines for Week 5 matchup
Checking in on the opening betting odds for the Week 5 matchup between the Detroit Lions and the Arizona Cardinals.
NFL winners and losers: Nick Sirianni sucks
The Eagles are in trouble, and one man is to blame.
Jaguars vs. Eagles odds: Opening lines for Week 5 matchup
Sportsbooks project the Jaguars to beat the Eagles next week!
Look at OpenAI and Anthropic executives' political donations
One AI tech executive’s $25 million gift to a Trump PAC stands out among donations of other top execs.
The Optimist: A statement win and a much needed rest
The Panthers head into a much needed bye week with head held high
WISeSat.Space Completes Business Combination and Begins Nasdaq Trading
WISeSat.Space has completed its business combination with Columbus Acquisition Corp. and started trading on Nasdaq as SAIQ.
Wilmington selected as national host for Nuclear Science Week 2026
Wilmington will serve as the national host for Nuclear Science Week later this month.
Yale School of Medicine On the Science of Childhood Anxiety, Say, Anxiety Disorders Are the Most Common Mental Health Challenges In Youth
Credit: Matt Bradbury October 5, 2026 - By Isabella Backman - Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health challenges in youth. Left untreated, they can disrupt the lives of both children and their families. The good news is that with intervention, most children will overcome these conditions. Across Yale School of Medicine, scientists are working to understand anxiety at every level, from common anxious behaviors to molecular biomarkers in the brain. They are using their findings to develop and disseminate new evidence-based treatments for childhood anxiety. Today, the go-to treatment for childhood anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This is a form of psychotherapy that teaches children skills for confronting anxious thoughts and helps them practice managing situations that cause anxiety. While it is the gold-standard treatment backed by considerable scientific evidence, up to 50% of children will not see sufficient benefit from CBT alone. Wendy Silverman, PhD, Alfred A. Messer Professor in the Child Study Center, co-directs the Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program alongside Eli Lebowitz, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center. One of their main interests is learning how to improve outcomes beyond CBT. “We’re developing cutting-edge, research-based knowledge that can reduce the suffering that anxiety causes children and their families,” says Silverman. Changing parent behavior YSM experts are investigating how to improve CBT outcomes for children by involving the parents. Silverman’s research has uncovered two main components of parent intervention that improve childhood anxiety: not enabling children to completely avoid the things that make them anxious and taking steps to enhance their autonomy. Parents may unintentionally reinforce their child’s anxiety by allowing them to avoid what makes them anxious. They also may unintentionally limit the children’s sense of autonomy by being overly intrusive. “One of the things that we take pride in is that we’ve focused on trying to understand what parents need to do, and to test our ideas and see if changing the parents’ behaviors is enhancing the effects of CBT,” Silverman says. “Our findings thus far suggest that they do." As much as CBT can be helpful, it can also be challenging to get one’s child to do the necessary steps for CBT to work. This is one important reason why Lebowitz created a novel intervention program for parents named Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE). Existing intervention programs often teach parents to act as therapists for their child, such as training them on how to practice breathing exercises. “It makes sense, but this doesn’t work very well in practice,” says Lebowitz. “And part of the reason, I think, is that it’s not easy to get your kid to do things, especially if they’re not excited about doing it.” SPACE is unique because it focuses entirely on parent involvement and changing parental behavior—children are not involved in the sessions. For example, parents learn how to use supportive messages that convey confidence that their child can tolerate and manage distress. “It might sound like a parent saying to a child, ‘I get that this is really hard for you, but I know that you can handle it,’” Lebowitz says. The program also works with parents to identify the ways in which they are accommodating anxious behaviors. “We’ll pick one thing that parents are doing that is an accommodation and help them make a detailed plan for how they’re going to change that,” Lebowitz explains. Treating Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Much of the existing research on SPACE has focused on parents of children under age 14. Ongoing studies are now exploring its use with parents of older teens. “Both anxiety and accommodation can interfere with normative developmental shifts during the teen years, including increased autonomy and individuation from parents,” says Rebecca Etkin, PhD, associate research scientist in the Child Study Center. “In this sense, SPACE may be particularly well-suited for anxious teens and their parents. We want to see whether it is effective during this distinct developmental window.” Unfortunately, many families in need of CBT face barriers, including limited availability of services and geographic constraints. One way to improve access is digital interventions. Silverman and her team are developing an evidence-based digitized intervention program for parents that they can access directly from their computer or smart phone. “The work we’re doing will be one of the very few parent interventions that is digitized and importantly tested for effectiveness,” she says. Creating interventions for anxiety-related challenges Silverman and Lebowitz recently received a generous gift to develop and test other interventions that help parents reduce other child anxiety-related behavioral and emotional difficulties, such as restrictive eating and unexplained somatic symptoms. One of these projects in particular focuses on understanding the risks of social media and its potential benefits, including offering a sense of connection. “A lot of research has focused on the idea that social media is harmful and the less of it the better,” says Lebowitz. “But we actually see is that this is not quite right—there are negatives, but there are also positives. So, we’re trying to get a little bit more nuanced of a picture.” The team is working with teens with social anxiety and their parents over an extended period to better understand their social media habits and how their anxiety levels affect engagement with different platforms. The teens will answer questions sent to an app on their phones about mood and social media usage in an effort to capture emotional responses as they unfold. “We hope to develop interventions that can help make the best of social media while protecting against the more problematic effects,” Lebowitz says. The brain’s role in anxiety Researchers are also testing therapies to address anxiety at the neurological and molecular levels. In collaboration with Dylan Gee, PhD, professor of psychology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Hilary Blumberg, MD, John and Hope Furth Professor of Psychiatric Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine, Lebowitz and Silverman are using brain imaging to identify changes in a child’s brain before and after parents enroll in SPACE. In one study, children viewed anxiety-inducing images while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the researchers conducted scans with and without the children’s parents nearby. Before SPACE, children’s brains were better able to activate the regulatory circuitry needed to turn off an anxious response when their parents were nearby. But after SPACE, children could activate this circuitry even without the parent around. “As parents work on gradually reducing some of their accommodations, you can see a child get better at regulating their own fear system in the brain,” Lebowitz says. “It’s remarkable.” Research into the molecular underpinnings of anxiety can also inform new childhood anxiety treatments. In a recent study, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Flora Vaccarino, MD, Harris Professor in the Child Study Center, discovered that a protein known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) could be protective from the toxic effects of stress. FGF2 levels in children and their parents were linked to the children’s risk of developing anxiety and depression, the study showed. The findings could help explain why some children who are exposed to early life trauma such as poverty or abuse are more prone to developing mental health disorders. And FGF2 could be a target for treatment. “This is very novel because it starts to give a clue to what is the molecular chain that connects those lived experiences to the actual psychological outcomes,” Lebowitz says. New ways to study and treat childhood anxiety Michael Crowley, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center, collaborates with Silverman and Lebowitz to study the role that attention plays in development and maintenance of childhood anxiety. There is a large body of research that shows that anxious children, like anxious adults, are prone to focus on threatening stimuli such as angry faces compared with neutral faces. This has led to innovative interventions that involve attention retraining. The idea is that if experts train children to look away from threatening stimuli, it may reduce their anxiety—especially children with social anxiety who are most prone to attend to threats. The researchers have just completed a clinical trial for attention retraining with 10- to 14-year-olds with social anxiety disorders and are currently analyzing the findings. Besides this innovative attention retraining research, as Crowly notes, “I like to design tasks that are engaging to kids,” Crowley says. “My goal is to assess something without the kids knowing what we are assessing.” With this goal in mind, Crowley has created a virtual game, named Boom, to study threat processing in children with anxiety disorders. The game is similar to that of hot potato—the child and three digital players take turns virtually passing a ball to each other’s gloves. At some point, the ball turns into a bomb, and as the bomb lands in each player’s glove, the outline of the glove turns yellow. The goal is to avoid having the bomb go off in your glove. What isn’t obvious is that the game is designed to measure different types of threatening stimuli, both ambiguous and direct. In the game, the direct threat occurs as the bomb is traveling towards your glove. The ambiguous threat is the yellow outlined glove as it is unknown where the bomb will travel next. While children play the game, Crowley’s team measures their brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The researchers have discovered that in kids with anxiety, the brain reacts more strongly to ambiguous threats than it does in their peers, but less strongly to direct threats. They believe that the initial abnormally large brain response to not knowing where the bomb is going impairs the brain's ability to properly respond when the threat is actually traveling the child’s way. “The brains of children with anxiety are unable to differentiate between threats you need to do something about and those that are not your problem.” Michael Crowley, PhD, develops innovative games for studying anxiety in children and adolescents.Credit: Matt Bradbury Based on these insights, Crowley hopes to study whether interventions like attention training could restore appropriate threat processing. Crowley’s team is also working on a test called the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task, which evaluates risk-taking and avoidance behaviors. It features a digital balloon that is full of air and about to burst. Kids have six seconds to let air out of the balloon. The more air they let out, the less risk they face that the balloon will pop. But at the same time, the balloon becomes less valuable as it deflates. “The more air you keep in the balloon, the more points you get,” Crowley explains. So far, the researchers have found that when the balloons pop unexpectedly, teens with social anxiety show distinct brain responses. Studying these responses can help psychologists understand the underlying pathways driving the various manifestations of anxiety. The genetics of anxiety When Thomas Fernandez, MD, associate professor in the Child Study Center and of psychiatry, was still in training, there was a lot of excitement about understanding the genetics associated with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, scientists have identified around 250 genes associated with autism. The genetic contribution to anxiety disorders, on the other hand, has historically received less attention. Anxiety is less heritable than autism, but the genetic contribution for anxiety disorders that emerge in childhood may be higher than for anxiety disorders overall. While scientists estimate the heritability of anxiety disorders in general to be around 30% to 50%, some studies suggest higher heritability for certain childhood-onset anxiety presentations. “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism,” Fernandez says. “So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism. So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” Thomas Fernandez, MD Associate Professor In the Child Study Center and in Psychiatry Now, Fernandez and Emily Olfson, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Child Study Center, are studying children and their parents to identify genetic changes that are present in the child but not the parents, known as “de novo mutations.” “All of us have some de novo mutations—maybe about 50 to 100 sprinkled throughout the genome,” Olfson says. “But when they occur within the coding regions of genes, they can be really disruptive.” Previous research shows that people with autism have higher rates of damaging de novo mutations than the general population. In 2022, Olfson, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Fernandez published a study on 68 children and their families that found that children with anxiety had similarly high levels of these mutations. Studying de novo mutations can help point the researchers to where they should be looking for genes associated with anxiety. “The end game is using the genes to steer us toward the right part of biology that we can then target to come up with better treatments,” Fernandez says. Building on those findings, the team is now studying more families to better understand how these de novo mutations, along with other genetic and environmental factors, shape pediatric anxiety disorders. They recently received a National Institutes of Health grant to enroll 750 new families over the next five years. Olfson is the principal investigator, with co-investigators Lebowitz, Fernandez, Silverman, and Shuangge Steven Ma, PhD, department chair and professor of biostatistics at Yale School of Public Health. Neurodevelopment, Risk Genes, and Mental Health Conditions - The Olfson Lab Joel Gelernter, MD, Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry, is interested in how different anxiety disorders differ genomically. “We are studying social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, working to understand why people differ in their risk to these specific anxiety disorders and evaluating various risk factors,” he says. Gelernter was recently involved in one of the largest studies to date of the genomics underlying anxiety disorder. The study included around 122,000 people with anxiety disorders and around 730,000 without. It found that some genetic differences associated with anxiety were linked to signaling that helps reduce overactivity in the nervous system. Many anxiety medications available today work by targeting this process. “It’s nice when the biology that you get out of a large genome-wide study ratifies things that we already know because that can help increase confidence in further findings from the study,” Gelernter says. Uncovering the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders John Krystal, MD, Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research and chair of the Department of Psychiatry, is interested in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of which anxiety is a major symptom. In the late 1980s, Krystal’s team discovered that the drug yohimbine activated symptoms in patients with PTSD. “This was the first time we could link a specific biological mechanism to the symptoms of PTSD,” Krystal says. At the time, he adds, this finding was highly controversial. “A lot of people felt that PTSD was a purely psychological syndrome that didn’t have an underlying biology.” Since then, Krystal has dived deep into understanding the neurobiology of PTSD to learn how to better treat it. His team is evaluating the use of ketamine and psychedelics. These would be among the first treatments to be developed specifically for PTSD. They may also be applicable for other disorders including anxiety disorders, Krystal adds. An important gap in PTSD treatment is the absence of biological tests that inform how to best help patients manage their PTSD symptoms. A doctor doesn’t diagnose cancer based on how they feel. Rather, they use tests of the biology of the cancer to determine the best course of treatment. “And we can’t do that in any psychiatric disorder other than Alzheimer’s disease,” Krystal says. “But now we are building a foundation for this approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders for the first time.” Source: Yale School of Medicine
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