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Wicked STEM 2026
Three-year-old Logan Goulet seems a amazed as he watches a ball float on air while attending the Wicked STEM Expo on Saturday at Southern New Hampshire University in Manchester.
Bournemouth 0-1 Liverpool: What Iraola said
Liverpool have kept three consecutive clean sheets in the Premier League for the first time since September 2024 (four in a row). In five games this season (four goals), Liverpool's Alexander Isak has already surpassed his Premier League goal tally for the entirety of last season in the competition (three goals in 14 apps).
Bournemouth 0-1 Liverpool: What Rose said
"It's about details and right now it is really disappointing, but I am quite confident we can change the situation points-wise." This is the ninth time in their history that Bournemouth have failed to win any of their opening five matches of a league campaign (drawn three, lost two), and second in the Premier League, after 2023-24. Bournemouth have made just two changes to their Premier League starting XIs under Marco Rose this season, the fewest of any side.
Leeds 0-0 Crystal Palace: What Farke said
Leeds remain unbeaten in the Premier League this season across their opening five matches (won two, drawn three), the first time they've completed that feat in the competition since 2001-02. This was Leeds' fourth 0-0 Premier League draw since the start of 2026 (25 games), though two of those have now come against Crystal Palace (also in March).
What is the White House press pool, and why is it now under threat?
It’s the most powerful office in the world, and hundreds of journalists want to cover it. But how?
Three takeaways from UNC’s wildly frustrating loss to Clemson
The Heels now have some big issue to sort out during the bye week.
Panthers vs Falcons: Week 2 discussion thread
Bryce Young vs Cooper Rush? Let’s see what Bijan cooks up today.
Analysis: Eagles unlucky to not gain win
This was a good test for boss Pierre Sage, with the Eagles playing on Thursday in the Europa League and having three days less preparation time than Leeds. Crystal Palace created the first chance of the match, only for Quinten Timber to fire over from 25 yards, before Adam Wharton and Tyrick Mitchell had their only other chances of note in the first half, with both strikes deflected and easily dealt with. Palace had conceded a late goal to lose 3-2 to Ipswich Town last weekend and it would have been harsh on them if something similar had happened here.
Analysis: Farke's side defensively strong again
Leeds came into this match on the back of their best performance of the season so far as they overpowered Newcastle 4-1 on Monday, but for large parts of the match at Elland Road, Crystal Palace were the better side. Leeds go into the three-week international break having conceded just three goals, which, level with Everton, is the joint fewest in the top flight. Daniel Farke will be delighted with how his side have performed so far this season, but will also feel they could have taken all three points if his main striker had converted a glorious chance.
Big Brother 28 Players And Fans Can’t Decide If One Houseguest Is A Goat Or A Jury Threat
Let's talk about Taylor and whether she can win.
U.S.-China gastrodiplomacy: Despite political tension, fast food chains from both countries gain popularity in each other’s territory
Mixue, one of the world’s largest fast-food chains with more than 53,000 locations, opened its first three U.S. stores in December.
The Top Prospect Leading His Team to the Postseason
The San Diego Padres' magic number to clinch a playoff spot fell to three after Ethan Salas launched his first-ever walk-off hit in the 10th inning of the Friars' game against the Miami Marlins on Saturday night. In doing so, Salas (20 years, 110 days) surpassed Bryce Eldridge (21 years, 233 days) as the youngest …
🚨 Manchester City wobble, Liverpool steady themselves!
Three goals conceded, but… the win is there! A strange afternoon for Manchester City at home, as they ran out 5-3 winners against a tough Sunderland side.Dutch international Brian Brobbey grabbed a ...
Conectando Dreamers: The Three Cities of Ross Mintzer
A bright red full moon hung low over Nahuel Huapi Lake one night in 2026, as hundreds gathered beneath Patagonia’s stars for the second Conectando Dreamers festival in San Carlos de Bariloche, Argenti...
Todd McLellan Challenges Lucas Raymond
Todd McLellan wants Red Wings star Lucas Raymond to shoot more, challenging the talented winger to become a greater scoring threat.
Three Last-Minute Packers vs. Jets Predictions
The Green Bay Packers aim to stifle Garrett Wilson and ignite a struggling ground game against the New York Jets.
Open Thread, September 20, 2026: Two Truths and a Lie
Your daily source for off topic chatter with the MMA Mania faithful.
Washington Penalties Indicate Lack of Discipline
Through three games in the 2026 season, the Huskies have been called for 26 total penalties. Those Washington penalties include nine personal foul or unsportsmanlike conduct penalties. Eight of those have been called on the defense, with the other called on a special teams play. Those nine penalties include two targeting calls and three late …
Here Are Almost 3 Hours of Gameplay From Silent Hill Townfall
YouTube's 'CohhCarnage' got early access to Silent Hill: Townfall and shared three videos, showing almost three hours of gameplay.
How Tennessee QB Faizon Brandon assessed his Kennesaw State performance
Tennessee quarterback Faizon Brandon fumbled against Kennesaw State, but still hasn't thrown an interception in his first three career starts.
With the season winding down, Mookie Betts is heating up
Betts is leading the way for the Dodgers at the top of the lineup, hitting .833 over his last three games.
Moving to Spain made me realize I don't want the American dream
Kevin Schreck says his quality of life is better in Valencia, Spain. Housing is affordable, and he is less worried about medical bills.
Five Games Are Confirmed For Xbox Game Pass Over The Next Few Days
Three "Day One" releases, and two games joining new tiers
A new documentary traces the changing role of women in Texas Republican politics
New documentary, "Life of the Party," examines how women's roles in Texas Republican politics have changed over three decades through the experiences of Geanie Morrison, Sarah Davis and Mayra Flores.
Sunday football open thread
It’s the last Premier League football for three weeks, as the new, ridiculous super-international break starts tomorrow. However, there’s plenty of woso to come, with Spurs Women playing FIVE MATCHES before the men play another game. That said, we might as well have an open thread for the remaining Premier League matches today in addition […]
‘The Life of the Party’ documentary explores women in Texas GOP
New documentary, “Life of the Party,” examines how women’s roles in Texas Republican politics have changed over three decades through the experiences of Geanie Morrison, Sarah Davis and Mayra...
Like live music? How about free? Then this concert series is for you.
Exploration Place won a three-year Levitt Family Foundation grant for a concert series that started this fall.
Deco outlines Barcelona’s three-player renewal plan
Barcelona sporting director Deco told the club’s General Assembly that agreements are close to being finalised on new contracts for Raphinha, Marc Bernal and Xavi Espart. Raphinha’s proposed exten...
Littler could boycott Dutch events over booing
Luke Littler threatens a boycott of playing in the Netherlands after being booed and whistled at the World Series of Darts Finals in Amsterdam.
Three Titans players Philadelphia must locate before every snap
Jeffery Simmons, Calvin Ridley and Chimere Dike can alter Sunday’s matchup if Philadelphia can't account for their productivity
Charlie Becker Continues To Dominate As Indiana Rolls
Through three games, Indiana wide receiver Charlie Becker has been virtually unguardable.
No. 1 Texas 30, UTSA 6: Three things we learned
It wasn’t the prettiest win, but the Longhorns came away with a victory to close non-conference play.
NOAA Fisheries Takes a ‘Sharp Turn Away From Science’
The agency’s focus on commercial interests threatens fisheries science and over one million miles of protected marine habitats.
Three takeaways from Nebraska football’s win against North Dakota
Nebraska football (3-0) closed out its non-conference schedule Saturday night with a 34-7 win against North Dakota (3-1). Fans showed out for the under-the-lights matchup and so did the Huskers, who pieced together an impressive performance, especially on defense. Here are three takeaways from the win:
Three Reasons Timberwolves Can Get Over the Hump This Season
The Minnesota Timberwolves look to take the next step.
Biljon has ambitions to coach at top level
ROTHERHAM director of rugby Harvey Biljon believes he’s shown he has what it takes to coach at the very top level after an extraordinary last four years has seen him win three different leagues. ■By LUKE JARMYN The former Wasps and Barbarians scrum-half has overcome both professional and personal adversity to win the Championship title […] The post Biljon has ambitions to coach at top level appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Saracens take command to overrun Tigers
By BEN JAYCOCK LAST season’s double winners Saracens made a devastating opening statement of intent in the PWR Cup with a 66-0 demolition of Leicester Tigers yesterday, running in 10 unanswered tries. Charlotte Wright-Haley opened the scoring for the holders after three minutes before Joia Bennett, Daisy Fitzgerald and Emma Hardy crossed to establish a […] The post Saracens take command to overrun Tigers appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Chaos rules as France snatch win in final minutes
By LISA THOMAS France...............29pts Tries: Grando 39, Boulard 43, Bourdon Sansus 55, Riffonneau 68, Feleu 74 Conversions: Arbez 44, Queyroi 68 Australia ..........26pts Tries: Merlo 19, Naden 25, Halse 28, Duck 49 Conversions: Wood 19, 29, 50 FRANCE produced a remarkable late comeback to beat Australia by three points despite collecting five cards and at […] The post Chaos rules as France snatch win in final minutes appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Iowa Football: Numbers That Stood Out From UNI Win
Three running backs tallied over 100 yards each in a game for the first time since 1983.
Carson Wentz Receives Harsh Ranking Among NFL Backup Quarterbacks
Despite a stellar three-touchdown debut, analysts remain skeptical of Minnesota's new signal-caller. Discover why critics view the former starter as a mediocre backup ahead of Sunday's showdown.
‘Outstanding’ – Rodri singles out three Barcelona players after Sevilla win
The Spain star was happy with the three points.
Dodgers on Deck: Sunday, September 20 vs. Giants
The Dodgers conclude their penultimate home series of the regular season, taking on the San Francisco Giants on Sunday afternoon at Dodger Stadium. After dropping four of their first five games to the Giants this season, the Dodgers have beaten their longtime rivals three games in a row through Friday night, all in Los Angeles. […]
A 66-million-year-old tooth reveals T. rex was nearly as warm as a human
Chemical clues preserved inside fossilized T. rex teeth reveal that the dinosaur maintained a body temperature of about 97 degrees Fahrenheit, almost identical to humans. The finding provides direct evidence that the giant predator was warm-blooded, helping explain how it stayed active and survived in chilly environments as far north as Alaska.
Duke 35, Stanford 7: Three instant takes
Nate Sheppard once again reminds everyone why he is special plus Duke's defense comes through in a 35-7 rout of Stanford.
TCU Gets Positive, Negative Injury Updates Before Arkansas State
TCU is set to face off with Arkansas State on Saturday night and the Horned Frogs are ready to welcome back one of their biggest threats. Meanwhile, an offensive powerhouse will wait at least another week to suit up for the team.
SMU Defense Crumbles As Louisville Hands Mustangs 41-31 Loss
SMU piled up 479 yards but couldn’t overcome Kevin Jennings’ two interceptions or a defense shredded for 269 rushing yards in a 41-31 loss at Louisville.
Trump Faced Loss After Loss. He Then Turned to a Familiar Target: The Press.
The president’s ban of three media outlets from the White House fits a pattern of using the apparatus of government to crack down on his perceived enemies.
Saturday Night Open Thread: Can’t Stand *Pats
Come and join this merry band of Steelers’ faithful for some lively debate about our Steelers, good food, music, and the merits of the odd cold beverage.
Three Takeaways From Illinois' 48-10 Win Over Southern Illinois
The Fighting Illini improved to 2-1 on the season, heading into Big Ten play.
The Worst Seed The Cubs Can Get In The Postseason
A three-way deadlock atop the Wild Card standings forces Chicago into a high-stakes sprint. With postseason odds secured, the North Siders must now battle for crucial seeding.
Flora’s all-around day leads Iowa State over Bowling Green
For the first time in school history, Iowa State returned a kickoff and a punt for a touchdown. Jaylen Raynor threw for 133 yards and one touchdown to true freshman Jamal Polite Jr. and Iowa State defeated Bowling Green 55-7 on Saturday. Cam Pettaway, a Bowling Green transfer, had three receptions for 47 yards and […]
Three Things We Learned From Brighton 3-0 Arsenal
Fabian Hürzeler’s high-intensity press dismantled the champions at the Amex as standout new signings and tactical fluidity exposed rare vulnerabilities in Mikel Arteta’s previously impenetrable defense.
EWU Coach Praises Washington Football Star QB's Dual-Threat Ability
Eastern Washington football coach Aaron Best admitted this week when it comes to containing quarterback Demond Williams Jr., there isn't a plan.
Afternoon/Evening College Football Live Thread
We’ll be along shortly with a recap of Georgia’s 45–10 win over Arkansas. But there’s still plenty of college football action on the docket for this Saturday. This will be the forum for all discussion, whether it involves Lane Kiffin or not. The full television schedule for the remainder of the day is here, and […]
Saturday afternoon Orioles game thread: vs. Brewers, 4:05
Where the Birds keep coming close to mathematical elimination from the playoffs, and Félix Bautista is reinstated.
FSU vs. Alabama: Open thread and live game discussion
Come join our live game discussion for the Week 3 FSU vs Alabama matchup
Nottingham Forest 0-1 Coventry: What Glasner said
Nottingham Forest have failed to score in their first three home games in a league campaign for the first time in their history. Among ever present sides since the start of last season, only Tottenham have won fewer home games (three) and earned fewer home points (16) in the Premier League than Nottingham Forest (four wins, 21 points).
Three Cuban women, three businesses, one dream: How they’re building their future in Miami
They arrived in Miami by different paths. Now they’re turning what they know and love — pole dancing, tennis and skin care — into businesses and a shot at the American dream.
Russian election observer loses consciousness during arrest by police, opposition party says
The three-day election, which began Friday and ends Sunday, features virtually no opposition and is all but certain to secure the Kremlin’s political dominance.
Game Thread: No. 19 Michigan Football vs UTEP
Michigan Football looks to build on last week’s upset over Oklahoma, as the Wolverines welcome UTEP to The Big House. Join us for today’s Game Thread!
Nearly 3 in 4 Americans are battling the same exhausting health problem, CDC reveals
More than seven in 10 U.S. adults experienced fatigue during a three-month period, according to a 2024 CDC survey of roughly 27,000 people. T
Nearly 3 in 4 Americans are battling the same exhausting health problem, CDC reveals
More than seven in 10 U.S. adults experienced fatigue during a three-month period, according to a 2024 CDC survey of roughly 27,000 people. T
Nearly 3 in 4 Americans are battling the same exhausting health problem, CDC reveals
More than seven in 10 U.S. adults experienced fatigue during a three-month period, according to a 2024 CDC survey of roughly 27,000 people. T
Nearly 3 in 4 Americans are battling the same exhausting health problem, CDC reveals
More than seven in 10 U.S. adults experienced fatigue during a three-month period, according to a 2024 CDC survey of roughly 27,000 people. T
Michael Carrick Must Not Make Same Mistake vs Fulham
Manchester United travel to Craven Cottage needing all three points to avoid an awful start to the season.
Great Lakes bind U.S., Canada trade imperiled by Trump tariffs
A rift between Ottawa and Washington threatens lasting damage to supply chains across land and water geared for free-flowing commerce.
Gamethread: Boston College Football vs Maine
The Boston College football team won their first game of the 2026 season last week in a messy game against Rutgers that included seven total turnovers. BC will look to get back to basics against Maine on Saturday, an FCS opponent that they are expected to defeat easily. Who: Boston College Eagles (1-1) vs Maine […]
Indiana Fever schedule: When does Caitlin Clark play again?
With just three games remaining in their 2026 regular-season slate, when do Caitlin Clark and the Indiana Fever play next?
Chargers Keys to Victory Against Raiders in Week 2
The Chargers have three clear keys to beating the Raiders: keep Justin Herbert upright, limit Brock Bowers if he’s able to play and avoid costly turnovers. After the Week 1 loss to Arizona, Los Angeles needs to play a cleaner, more consistent game.
No 'magic bullet' for malaria—elimination will require a combination of tools, say global health expert
As malaria cases and deaths rise worldwide and resistance threatens current treatments and prevention tools, eliminating malaria will require a combination of strategies rather than relying on a single ...
Full Moon October 2026: When To See The ‘Hunter’s Supermoon’ Rise
October’s full Hunter’s Moon will also be a supermoon, beginning a run of three to end 2026. Here’s exactly when it rises and the best time to see it.
Harmless myths everyone still believes that science has totally debunked
Harmless myths everyone still believes that science has totally debunked Some myths survive purely because correcting them feels unnecessary. Nobody gets hurt believing a goldfish forgets everything in three seconds, so nobody bothers checking. That […]
Newcastle 2-1 Hull: What Jaissle said
Newcastle have won three of their last four Premier League games against Hull (drawing the other), winning their first-ever home match in the competition against the Tigers. Lewis Hall's goal after just six minutes and 34 seconds was the earliest Newcastle have been 2-0 up in a Premier League home game since April 2023 against Spurs (Joelinton netting the second goal in the sixth minute).
Newcastle 2-1 Hull: What Jakirovic said
Mohamed Belloumi has been involved in four goals (two goals, two assists) in the Premier League this season, the joint-most by a Hull player in their first five matches in the competition, along with Mohamed Diame (four goals) and Dame N'Doye (three goals, one assist).
Brighton 3-0 Arsenal: What Hurzeler and Gross said
Brighton have now won at home against the reigning Premier League champions in each of the last three seasons, beating Manchester City in 2024-25, Liverpool in 2025-26 and Arsenal today. No player has been involved in more Premier League goals this season than Brighton's Gross (six – three goals, three assists), who scored and assisted against Arsenal today.
MS NOW, CNN and Politico say their journalists were denied access to White House after Trump ban
Trump had said Friday he would ban all three outlets because of coverage he disliked.
Opponent Preview: Huskies Set to Take On Eastern Washington
Here's what to know about the Washington Huskies' Week Three opponent, the Eastern Washington Eagles.
Sevilla vs Barcelona, La Liga: TV & Streaming, Live Thread
Join us for another Barcelona La Liga adventure!
Early Games Thread – Anything Interesting Going ON? -Game Thread
I like college football, but when you look at today’s slate of games, it’s really hard to find something that might be interesting to watch. Therefore I have included all a lot of lower division games. The big game of the day is LSU-Old Miss. Possibly for the number of riots and fisticuffs that could […]
Georgia vs. Arkansas Live Thread
It’s time to let the big Dawg eat. Georgia is set to kick off against the Arkansas Razorbacks at War Memorial Stadium in Fayetteville a shade after noon eastern (television coverage on ABC). The prevailing wisdom this week seems to be that the Bulldogs will cover a 24.5 point spread easily against the home Razorbacks. […]
Scientists Discover New Crater on the Moon, Bigger Than the Roman Colosseum, That Was Created in a ‘Once-in-a-Lifetime’ Impact
Scientists believe the crater was caused by a space fragment the size of a three- to six-story building
CNN, MS NOW, Politico reporters denied access to White House following Trump ban
Three reporters were blocked from the White House grounds Saturday morning, a day after President Trump said CNN, Politico, and MS NOW would be banned for reporting "FICTION and LIES."
Scott Gardner: We were solid in every department
Leeds United Under-21s put in an impressive performance at home to Newcastle United Under-21s, controlling the game throughout to secure three valuable points.Goals from Josh McDonald and Freddie Lane...
Mensah sets ACC consecutive-completions marks as No. 5 Miami tops Wake Forest
The former Duke QB completed 30 of 34 passes for 220 yards and three touchdowns.
Bar Harbor Parents Again Raise Concerns About How Some Science Education In Sixth Grade.
The Bar Harbor Story is generously sponsored by Restaurant Barn. BAR HARBOR—Parents again raised concerns this week about how Bar Harbor students receive science instruction after fifth grade, months after the same issue came before the Bar Harbor School Board. The concern centers on a past scheduling change at Conners Emerson School that gives fifth graders a full year of science rather than switching between science and social studies at midyear. Principal Dr. Heather Weir Webster told the board that the school has been monitoring test scores, teacher feedback, and the experience of students as it considers whether the current approach is working. If it is not, the approach may be changed, but that would not likely occur this school year. In fifth and sixth grade, the school used to have one semester of social studies and one of science in each year. That schedule shifted because switching at midyear often broke up the learning units. So, approximately two-three years ago, they decided to shift that a bit. Science became a dedicated focus in fifth grade. Social studies was the dedicated focus in sixth grade. The school staff members are hoping to dive deeply into the data and see if the students are having a more quality experience throughout their time in those grades when it comes to science and social studies. If not, things could shift again. This year, Dr. Webster said at the September meeting, potential changes to curricula have been a bit complicated by moving into the school’s new building in late October and early November. “There have been no changes this year because it’s hard enough to handle the move. That allows them to have consistency,” Dr. Webster said. Dr. Webster said that after the Covid pandemic which prevented students from attending school in person, many fifth graders were struggling. “We tried several different configurations,” she said, including a co-teaching model to help with that struggle, but to also see how to best schedule and support those students. “We found that a January switch” where classes switched from social studies to science was really difficult. Part of the decision making stemmed from science being more hands-on and accessible to fifth graders. Social studies was a bit more abstract content, which was why the school tried the current configuration. In a letter submitted as public comment, parent Beth Dumont wrote, “In May 2026, I wrote to express my concern that our middle school students are not receiving consistent instruction in science and social studies. I appreciate that the Board took this concern seriously and requested a presentation from Principal Webster. I am also grateful for the opportunity to meet with Principal Webster and Julie Keblinsky in July to learn more about the current curriculum and scheduling. “During that meeting, I learned that the current model is intended to integrate science and social studies into other subjects during the years or semesters when they are not offered as standalone courses. “While I appreciate the intent behind this model, I remain concerned about its premise. Science and social studies are core academic disciplines that provide students with essential knowledge, skills, and ways of thinking. Yet under the current schedule, students are not guaranteed consistent instructional time in these subjects. Instead, exposure to content in these disciplines may depend on whether opportunities for integration arise within other classes. “To be clear, I strongly support interdisciplinary learning. Integrating science and social studies across the curriculum can enrich students’ educational experiences and help them make meaningful connections across subject areas. My concern is not with integration itself, but with relying on integration as a substitute for dedicated instruction in core disciplines.” Dr. Webster said that they’ve been monitoring test scores, talking to teachers, seeing how the pilot program works. It’s in its third year now of this schedule. One science teacher, she said, told her he’d seen positive outcomes with full year science and that there was a stronger classroom community. Another science teacher had concerns over the readiness last year, but she isn’t feeling that way about this year’s current class. A third teacher for social studies said he loves the full year. A fourth teacher of social studies hasn’t said that anything has changed. For the three fathers who spoke at the school committee meeting, the fractured science curriculum caused concerns. One father said that when he spoke to others, “all were surprised and confused as to why there was no dedicated, continuous science education,” at the school. Though students are testing well in science and math, he worried that without continuity in education, learning is lost. “We shouldn’t have to choose between key learning disciplines,” he said. Matthew Bergin, another father, agreed, adding, “I’m just a little concerned.” In her letter, Dumont wrote, “As the parent of a recent sixth grader who completed an entire year without a dedicated science course, I saw very little evidence that this integration was occurring in a consistent, systematic, or readily identifiable way. This is not a criticism of our middle school teachers, who have been uniformly excellent. Rather, it is a structural criticism of the current schedule.” Dr. Webster gave an update about all aspects of the schedule and how it’s created and she also spoke to social and emotional learning (SEL) in middle school. It’s explicitly taught but also embedded. Science is embedded as well and explicitly taught at all but that one grade. The school schedule is built from lunch out, then electives like art and physical education are placed, before going into the instruction time, teacher planning time, multi-tier support systems (MTSS), and then social and emotional learning. Teachers have to have 250 minutes a week of planning time per their contracts. That’s the minimum and occurs when their students are at specials. “The schedule is really not the purview of the board,” School Board Chair Marie Yarborough reminded the other board members and the public and thanked Dr. Webster for the presentation. The parents were also thanked for coming. LINK TO LEARN MORE [ ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) [ Despite Strong Rankings, Some Bar Harbor Parents Raise Concerns About School's Science Education ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) Carrie Jones · Jun 4 [ Read full story ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) HELP SUPPORT THE BAR HARBOR STORY When we started The Bar Harbor Story, we didn’t know if anyone would read it. But you showed up. You shared. You sent tips. Now—over 400,000 views every month later—it’s clear: people here care about their community and each other. We’ve kept everything free because news should never be out of reach, but every one of our stories takes time to write, and your support keeps The Bar Harbor Story going. If you value our work, please consider a paid subscription, a founding membership, or a sponsorship. It truly helps us cover one more meeting, tell one more story, shine one more light. Even $5 a month makes a difference. Click here to become a one-time supporter now. Thank you so much for being here. Founding member information can be found here. Have questions about sponsorships? Just send Shaun an email at sfarrar86@gmail.com, he’d love to hear from you. Subscribe Share Bar Harbor Story Share Leave a comment
Week 3: Saturday College Football Schedule and Open Thread
For all the other games today.
How Best to Appreciate Paleolithic Cave Art
Of course, the experience wouldn’t be really complete without simulating the threat of a cave bear trapping the artists.
ESPN’s fifth-place Knicks ranking is already missing the point
ESPN put the Knicks fifth in its latest three-year future power rankings after having them third a year ago. The […]
Saturday football open thread
Tottenham may have already played, but there’s plenty of football yet to play today. This is your open thread for that match. Post away. Saturday Match Schedule Brighton vs. Arsenal10 am ET / 3 pm BSTTV: USA Network (USA), not televised (UK)Stream: nbcsports.com Everton vs. Ipswich10 am ET / 3 pm BSTTV: NBCSN (USA), not […]
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. 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