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Our Russian plague fears are fueled by the same old unknowns
Did Russian lab worker Darya Shipilova die of pneumonic plague? Once again, we are in the dark – and it is that lack of knowing that scares us.
Scientists have detected a strange signal that took 10 billion years to reach Earth. It has come from deep space near the dawn of time | BBC Sky at Night Magazine
Discovery of FRB 20240304B, a flash of radio waves from when the Universe was 3 billion years old, the most distant fast radio burst known.
Photos: Main Street Festival (10/10/2026)
The Winchester Main Street Festival, previously known as Mardi Gras, closed its run on Saturday evening. Here are some photos from the evening.
Q&A: Brian Eno on relaunching Opal Records, 'Music for Airports,' AI and Palestine
Brian Eno, the multi-hyphenate artist, producer, sound designer and political activist best known for his pioneering work in ambient and electronic music, relaunches his transformative label Opal Records on Friday | KNSS Radio
Q&A: Brian Eno on relaunching Opal Records, 'Music for Airports,' AI and Palestine
Brian Eno, the multi-hyphenate artist, producer, sound designer and political activist best known for his pioneering work in ambient and electronic music, relaunches his transformative label Opal Records on Friday | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
Small group health insurance market rates announced
Media Release, Office of Superintendent of Insurance (OSI) Santa Fe, NM – The New Mexico Office of Superintendent of Insurance (OSI) has approved 2027 health insurance premium rates for the small group health insurance market. As of March 2026, over 31,000 New Mexicans were enrolled in a small group plan. The average increase across small group plans is 19.8%. These rates take effect on January 1, 2027. The carriers offering small group coverage in New Mexico in 2027 are: Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Mexico (HealthCare Service Corporation) Presbyterian Health Plan Presbyterian Insurance Company UnitedHealthcare of New Mexico UnitedHealthcare Insurance Company Key Factors Driving the Rate Increases The primary factors that contributed to the 2027 increases are: Claims Experience - Higher than expected 2025 New Mexico claims experience, which is the foundation for the 2027 rate development. Cost Trend - Higher utilization and inflation impacted healthcare costs services, which impacts medical services and pharmaceutical costs nationwide. Risk Pool Changes - Nationwide, businesses with healthier employees are opting for alternative health coverage not under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This results ina smaller and less healthy small group ACA risk pool. Final approved rates will be posted on the OSI website. To view the carrier rate sheets and rate increase specifics, visit the Office of Superintendent of Insurance website here. The Rate Review Process Conducted by OSI The OSI rate review process focuses on approving rates for health insurance plans that are actuarially sound, not excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory and ensuring health insurance rates comply with all state and federal laws. For more information, visit the Office of Superintendent of Insurance website at https://osi.state.nm.us/en/. *** About the Office of Superintendent of Insurance The Office of Superintendent of Insurance (OSI) is New Mexico’s regulatory agency responsible for overseeing a wide range of insurance products, including private health and life insurance, auto, home, business, and title insurance. OSI regulates private health plans in the individual, small group, and large group markets, ensuring that premium rates are fair, companies are financially sound, and health care insurance coverage is reliable. While OSI does not have authority over self-funded health plans, where an employer assumes the financial responsibility for paying employee health care claims, Medicaid, Medicare, or TRICARE, OSI plays a vital role in protecting consumers by reviewing premium rates, monitoring insurance company conduct, and licensing producers (formerly known as insurance brokers and agents).
‘Breaking Bad’ actor RJ Mitte dead at 34
(CNN) — RJ Mitte, the actor best known for his role on the Emmy-winning television show “Breaking Bad,” has died, according to a spokesperson from the office of Justice of
'Breaking Bad' actor RJ Mitte dead at 34: representatives
RJ Mitte, the young actor best known for playing Walter White Jr. in the award-winning TV series "Breaking Bad," has died, his representatives told AFP on Monday. He was 34.
Mental health concerns emerge after Tamarac man accused of fatally stabbing mother
Neighbors say concerns about the suspect’s behavior were well known.
Is Salesforce Still The Business You Bought?
If you hold Salesforce (CRM), you likely bought into a subscription software provider known for steady growth and reliable cash generation. During its fiscal Q2 2027 earnings call in August, management noted that a $25 billion accelerated share repurchase was still under way.
RJ Mitte, who starred in 'Breaking Bad', is dead at 34
The actor was best known for his role on AMC's 'Breaking Bad,' in which he played Walter White's son and was considered the conscience of the series.
Elon Musk gives $276 million to Republican groups, becomes biggest known 2026 midterm donor
Musk’s record midterm election spending comes as the Tesla and SpaceX CEO rebuilds his relationship with Trump and has business ties to the federal government.
‘Breaking Bad’ actor RJ Mitte dead at 34
(CNN) — RJ Mitte, the actor best known for his role on the Emmy-winning television show “Breaking Bad,” has died, according to a spokesperson from the office of Justice of
‘Breaking Bad’ star RJ Mitte dies at 34
RJ Mitte, the actor best known for playing Walter White Jr. on ‘Breaking Bad,’ has passed away at the age of 34.
DNA of World’s Oldest Tortoise, 194, Reveals Surprising Discovery, According to Scientists Studying Aging
A new look at the genes of Jonathan, who is considered to be the world’s oldest known land animal, reveals interesting insights about longevity
Vanilla Could Hold the Key to New Wound Treatments, Scientists Say
Vanilla is best known for its place in kitchens, desserts, and fragrances. But scientists at Australia’s Flinders University are exploring whether vanillin, the compound responsible for vanilla’s fami...
Elon Musk quietly becomes biggest known donor in midterm contests as he tries to save Republicans
Musk, the world's only trillionaire, has doled out more than $276 million since July to try to save Republican majorities in Congress.
Elon Musk quietly becomes biggest known donor in midterm contests as he tries to save Republicans
Trillionaire Elon Musk has quietly become the biggest known spender in this year’s midterm elections, doling out more than $276 million since July to try to save Republican majorities in the House and Senate
Elon Musk quietly becomes biggest known donor in midterm contests as he tries to save Republicans
Trillionaire Elon Musk has quietly become the biggest known spender in this year’s midterm elections, doling out more than $276 million since July to try to save Republican majorities in the House and Senate.
Elon Musk emerges as the top booster for Republicans with $276 million in donations
Elon Musk has poured at least $276 million into the midterms since the summer, re-emerging as the top known donor to the Republican Party.
The Political Economy Of Water Bankruptcy—Who Benefits And Who Pays
The architect of the water bankruptcy concept explains why the problem is so difficult to solve politically, even when the solutions are known.
Legendary comedian dies suddenly at 78
Ronnie Golden, the British entertainer known for “Spitting Image” and “The Young Ones,” died suddenly at his home at 78.
Stardew Valley creator's new game, Haunted Chocolatier, is "more of an action RPG" than farming sim
Eric Barone, better known as ConcernedApe, has teased out a little bit more information about the un-dated upcoming game, Haunted Chocolatier.
Inside Elon Musk’s $276 Million Midterm Rescue Mission for Republicans
The world’s richest person has quietly become by far the biggest known midterm donor, trying to save Republicans’ Senate majority with some of the largest donations in American political history.
Do adults need another measles shot?
Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself against measles, one of the most contagious diseases known. For most adults, one shot of the MMR is considered enough protection. But there are certain situations that call for getting a second dose.
John Stamos reveals The Beach Boys' Mike Love is facing 'serious health challenges'
John Stamos has warned fans that Mike Love "may not be exactly the Mike we've always known".
Ladapo: Eliminating vaccine mandates is about parents' rights, not science
Florida Surgeon General Joseph Ladapo is a well-known vaccine skeptic.
Linus Torvalds Working On A Hefty Linux Kernel Improvement With Claude Code
Linux creator Linus Torvalds has been known to use AI to help with kernel debugging and outside of the kernel tree has also done some vibe coding with Google's Antigravity
John Stamos shares health update on Beach Boys singer Mike Love: ‘He insists on being on stage’
‘The Mike Love we see tonight may not be exactly the Mike we’ve always known,’ the actor said
Matt Felton, Founder & CEO, Locaition Matters®, creators of Curated™ : I95 Business
By Alex Keown In real estate, it is well known that location matters.
Beloved ’90s comedian and TV actor dies at 57
Reggie McFadden, the comedian known for “Def Comedy Jam” and “In Living Color,” died at age 57 after living in Tanzania for 18 years.
Rochester Area Chamber of Commerce voices support for controversial Pine Island data center
The Rochester Area Chamber of Commerce, the second largest chamber in the state, announced it is formally backing Google’s massive and controversial data center proposal, known as Project Skyway.
GTA 6 Leaker Claims to Have Full Build, Threatens to Release It Unless Take-Two Apologizes
The notorious leaker known as Cyberleek is now threatening to release what is claimed to be a playable build of GTA 6 ahead of the game's November 19 launch. According to a post on the leaker's own website, the build supposedly includes the full story mode, playable through to the end credits....
The Crew of Virtually Unknown Donors Powering the Rise of the New Left
Millions of dollars are flowing to help Democratic socialists and other progressives.
NBA insider reveals potential Warriors' Kristaps Porzingis return timeline for unknown health issue
Kristaps Porzingis has not been to training camp after suffering an undsiclosed health issue. An NBA insider may know when the veteran center will come back.
A healthy Nordic diet may help you to live longer, but liver benefits remain unclear
In general, people who eat a healthy diet give themselves a significantly better chance of avoiding some major diseases than those who don't. The Nordic diet, also known as a northern version of the Mediterranean ...
KJ Apa talks finding Jimmy Stewart’s voice, recreating classic ‘It’s a Wonderful Life’ scene
KJ Apa talked to Entertainment Weekly about the new biopic ‘Jimmy,’ in which he plays Oscar-winning actor James Stewart, known for his distinctive voice and the all-time Christmas classic ‘It’s a Wonderful Life.’
Editorial: AI’s risks are no reason for panic
“Nobody knows anything,” the screenwriter William Goldman famously said of the movie business. Much the same can be said today for artificial intelligence, a technology that’s moving fast, destination unknown.
Will We Ever Understand Dementia?
Since the days of Dr. Alzheimer himself, there has been a dream that severe senility might have an explanation — and a cure. The search for both has never been more urgent.
Michael V. finds unexpected career highlight in ‘Family Feud’ hosting role
Photo from Instagram/@michaelbitoy Veteran Filipino comedian fulfills a longstanding ambition while temporarily taking over for Dingdong Dantes MANILA — After years of working in television comedy, Michael V. has returned to game show hosting through an assignment he says he had long hoped to receive. The veteran Filipino comedian, popularly known as Bitoy, described his temporary stint presenting GMA Network’s Family…
Mike Ditka tributes pour in from former President Obama, Chicago's sports teams and around the NFL
Mike Ditka, known as "Iron Mike," has died at 86.
Mike Ditka tributes pour in from former President Obama, Chicago's sports teams and around the NFL
Mike Ditka, known as "Iron Mike," has died at 86
Mike Ditka tributes pour in from former President Obama, Chicago's sports teams and around the NFL
Mike Ditka, known as "Iron Mike," has died at 86
Ducks test positive for bird flu in St. Louis County, Health Dept. urges caution
Residents in St. Louis County are being encouraged to avoid birds following two ducks testing positive for avian influenza, also known as bird flu, on Friday.
Mike Ditka's cause of death unclear after extended health battle
Chicago Bears great Mike Ditka suffered from two heart attacks and a stroke but his official cause of death at age 86 remains unknown.
Silent Hill Creator Keiichiro Toyama’s Bokeh Game Studios Next Project First Info Unearthed
When it comes to horror franchises, Silent Hill is up there as one of the most known and respected. That's why when its creator, Keiichiro Toyama, left Konami to start…
The plague never went away. Cases are reported in parts of Africa and the U.S. nearly every year
The plague, the rare bacterial infection infamously known for killing tens of millions in 14th-century Europe, never went away. It is now easily treated with antibiotics.
EPA Grant Supports Nature-Based Solutions & Sediment Science for North Bay Marsh
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency last month announced that it selected the San Francisco Estuary Partnership and the Association of Bay Area Governments as awardees of a $13.9 million grant to restore and enhance some 1,500 acres of tidal wetland habitat known as Strip Marsh East along the State Route 37 corridor in Solano County.... Read More
Baton Rouge gets a slice of New York with Prince St. Pizza
Prince St. Pizza, the New York City-born chain known for its thick Sicilian “SoHo” squares and traditional New York Neapolitan-style round pies, is opening its first Louisiana location in Baton Rouge, 225 reports. The restaurant, 6556 Siegen Lane, will open Friday, Oct. 9, with a “pizza cutting” celebration and meet-and-greet featuring former MMA fighter Jon […]
Leak Details iPhone Features for Apple's LG Home Accessories
Smart home accessories that Apple reportedly helped LG develop could offer iPhone proximity controls and a way to begin setup before the devices have power, according to findings shared by the leaker known as "pdfu". The findings concern the upcoming LG-branded accessory range that Bloomberg revealed earlier this week. The lineup reportedly includes a thermostat, temperature sensor, deadbolt lock, wired video doorbell, and several security cameras.
I Flew in Condor Business Class From NYC to Germany: Is it Worth the Upgrade?
Traveler editor Charlie Hobbs takes flight with Condor, the Frankfurt-based carrier known for its relatively affordable transatlantic fares.
Crew on Ben Shapiro’s Pro-ICE Film Say They Felt Ambushed
“If I had known this, then I would not have even accepted the job.”
Meet the Teen Athlete Who Overcame a Major Health Curveball
After developing an unprecedented and progressive spinal curvature, known, 10-year-old Macie Perna feared her love for playing softball may be lost forever. But, a life-changing operation at Shriners Children's Philadelphia called Vertebral Body Tethering, or VBT, hit those fears out of the park. Just six weeks later, Perna was back on the field stronger than ever before. Now, at 16, she has no restrictions and big dreams. Macie and her mother Michelle join TODAY's Jenna Bush Hager and Sheinelle Jones to talk about her health journey and her role as a Shriners Children's International Patient Ambassador. She even gets a surprise from her favorite college athlete! (Sponsored by Shriners Children's)
What's the 411?
We remember singer Freddie Jackson. He had been battling kidney disease for the past few years and he has died at the age of 70. Jackson was best known for
Music Review: Remi Wolf emerges, dirty but renewed, on 'Mud'
Remi Wolf, the singer-songwriter known for her funk and soul-inspired choruses and danceable beats, comes down to earth on “Mud,” her third album. Wolf settles into new territory on the
Michael Kearns, barrier-breaking gay actor and activist, dies at 76
Gay actor and activist Michael Kearns has died at 76. Kearns was known for his work on stage and screen, including in “And the Band Played On.”
The plague never went away. Cases are reported in Africa and the U.S. nearly every year
The plague, a rare bacterial infection known for its deadly impact in 14th-century Europe, still exists today.
Most Fort Smith Board members avoid questions about Flock cameras
It’s unknown if Fort Smith will join a growing number of Arkansas cities taking action to end or curtail the use of automatic license plate reader (ALPR) cameras. City Director...
Bill Nye the Science Guy experiments with prevalent topics at Beyond the Conversation
Bill Nye, known to generations as “The Science Guy,” took the Beyond the Conversation stage Wednesday as Titans filled TSU Pavilions A, B and C, welcoming the legend himself with
Def Leppard, Goo Goo Dolls coming to Wichita next year
“Known for their high-energy performances, rock fans can expect a thrilling ride on this upcoming tour from some of rock ‘n’ roll’s most influential bands.”
House Dems reach big in N.C. Are the seats winnable?
The campaign arm of House Democrats, known as the DCCC, has its eyes on some congressional districts in North Carolina that Republicans won by double digits two years ago.
Ladapo: Eliminating vaccine mandates isn't about science, it's about parents' rights
Florida State Surgeon General Joseph Ladapo is a well-known vaccine skeptic. But on Thursday he said the state’s drive to change its rules to eliminate four vaccines children are required to take to enter school or daycare centers has nothing to do with science or the efficacy of the vaccines. It is about putting parents […]
C.W. Morgan, actor in ‘Scream’ franchise, dies at 72
C.W. Morgan, the actor best known for playing Hank Loomis, the father of original Ghostface killer Billy Loomis in ‘Scream,’ has died. He was 72.
DAVE THE DIVER DLC ‘Subnautica 2 Content Pack’ announced
MINTROCKET has announced DAVE THE DIVER’s final downloadable content pack—a Subnautica 2-themed expansion in partnership with Unknown Worlds Entertainment. It will launch free of charge…
Latham guides on entertainment powerhouse acquisition
The acquisition brings together two of the world’s best-known media and entertainment companies under one brand.
Fox Global Keys on Content Creators, Microdramas With Mipcom Slate
Fox Entertainment Global Keys on Content Creators, Microdramas With Diverse Mipcom Slate.
SC ranks second in measles cases as health officials urge vaccination
South Carolina ranks second in the nation for reported measles cases, with 670 known cases so far this year, according to the CDC. Pennsylvania ranks first. Three states have reported more than 500 cases, the agency says.
Businesses known for unique offerings in Asheville expand to Greenville
Businesses with Asheville ties are now expanding to downtown Greenville
Bollywood actor Nana Patekar dies at 75
MUMBAI, Oct 8 (Reuters) - Nana Patekar, a veteran Indian actor known for his fiery performances in Bollywood films and theatre, died on Thursday aged 75, local media reported.
New collar sensor could reveal how wildfire smoke affects animal health
When wildfire smoke fills the air, most people can go inside to avoid it. Wildlife does not have that option, and little is known about how animals living in remote areas respond to wildfires and smoke ...
Proposed 324-unit apartment project at Sarasota cottages falls through
The project, known as 1899 Fruitville, called for a 324-unit apartment complex.
The WHO seeks more details on the death of a plague research lab employee in Russia
The World Health Organization says it wants more information on what caused the death of an employee at a Russian plague research lab. Russia says the woman died of pneumonia of unknown origin.
EPA grant supports nature-based solutions and sediment science for North Bay marsh
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency last month announced that it selected the San Francisco Estuary Partnership and the Association of Bay Area Governments as awardees of a $13.9 million grant to restore and enhance some 1,500 acres of tidal wetland habitat known as Strip Marsh East along the State Route 37 corridor in Solano County.
Margaret Hamilton, computing pioneer who led software development for the Apollo program, dies at 90
Margaret H. Hamilton, a profoundly influential computer scientist best known for leading the software engineering team at MIT’s Instrumentation Lab during NASA’s Apollo program, died at age 90.
Downtown’s delayed women’s sports bar collects national grant
The Sports Bra still plans to open at 15 E. Maryland, although the first day of business is unknown, franchisee Eve Keller said.
‘A tsunami and an earthquake’: Rural health care braces for Medicaid cuts
North Shore Health and other health care providers are bracing for the effects of H.R. 1, also known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. Changes to Medicaid from the new law are being phased in over several years, with some provisions extending into 2028. In Minnesota, however, some eligibility restrictions took effect Oct. 1....
Celtics’ Jayson Tatum Makes Feelings on Mitchell Robinson Clear
Mitchell Robinson has been getting to know his new Boston Celtics teammates over the past few weeks.The veteran big man joined the Celtics earlier this summer, signing a three-year, $47.3 million deal. Robinson is well known for being a big personality, and it would appear that he’s already endearing himself to the rest of the […] The post Celtics’ Jayson Tatum Makes Feelings on Mitchell Robinson Clear appeared first on HEAVY.
Hollywood icon Eva Marie Saint dies at 102
Eva Marie Saint, the Oscar-winning actress known for her roles in ‘On the Waterfront’ and ‘North by Northwest,’ has died at 102.
Eva Marie Saint dead: 'North by Northwest,' 'On the Waterfront' actor dies
Eva Marie Saint, a graceful actor best known for her Oscar-winning film debut in 'On the Waterfront' and for her turn as a sultry spy in another 1950s film classic 'North by Northwest,' died Tuesday. She was 102.
Freddie Jackson, known for '80s hits like 'You Are My Lady,' dies at 70
Details regarding arrangements will be announced in the coming days.
Earth is in the firing line of a strange new type of cosmic object: a 'microblazar'
Astronomers may have discovered the first known microblazar, a long-theorized object firing a powerful beam of particles directly at Earth.
Grammy-nominated R&B singer Freddie Jackson, known for '80s hits like 'You Are My Lady,' dies at 70
Grammy-nominated R&B singer Freddie Jackson, known for hits like “Rock Me Tonight” and “You Are My Lady,” has died at 70 | WBBM Newsradio 780 AM & 105.9 FM
Grammy-nominated R&B singer Freddie Jackson, known for '80s hits like 'You Are My Lady,' dies at 70
Grammy-nominated R&B singer Freddie Jackson, known for hits like “Rock Me Tonight” and “You Are My Lady,” has died at 70 | 830 WCCO
Jacksonville Young Republicans back Wyman Duggan for Mayor
The GOP infrastructure is uniting behind a well-known name.
AIAS+ 2026 Brings Leading Scientists to San Francisco to Explore How AI Is Changing Scientific Discovery
The Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute will bring leading scientists, AI researchers, engineers and innovators to San Francisco November 5–7 for AIAS+ 2026: AI Advancing Science & Society, a three-day symposium focused on one of the most consequential questions facing research today: How can artificial intelligence help scientists move beyond analyzing what is already known and accelerate new discovery?
Wilton business damaged by Monday afternoon fire
The cause of the fire and extent of damage are still unknown at this time.
Hornets point guard Coby White to miss preseason with calf strain
The Hornets said updates on White will be provided when more is known about the extent of the injury.
Critical Atlassian Flaw Lets Unauthenticated Attackers Read Known Files Across 8 Products
Atlassian fixes a critical path traversal in 8 Data Center products that lets unauthenticated attackers read files if exact paths are known.
The Harvard Crimson (@theharvardcrimson)
24 likes, 0 comments - theharvardcrimson on October 5, 2026: "Caroline B. Kennedy ’80 introduced the Institute of Politics’ 60th anniversary forum Thursday, marking her first known public appearance at the Institute since she resigned from its Senior Advisory Committee more than six years ago. Kennedy — the daughter of President John F. Kennedy ’40, to whom the IOP is dedicated – stepped down as the committee’s honorary chair in 2020 amid concerns over the IOP’s diminished independence, declining programming, and tensions with Harvard Kennedy School leadership. Full story linked in bio. 🖋: Jen L. Phan and Mirei S. Saneyoshi 📷: Grace E. Yoon".
Childhood Housing Assistance Linked to Better Health Decades Later, Children's Mercy Study Finds
A child’s home may shape their health well into adulthood. New research led by Dr. Jeffrey D. Colvin, pediatrician, health services researcher and principal investigator at Children’s Mercy found that children who receive housing assistance are significantly less likely to develop diabetes and high blood pressure, also known as hypertension,...
Viral Dallas mansion gets political with this year's Halloween display
A Preston Hollow mansion known for viral holiday displays has unveiled a political Halloween display that backs Ken Paxton, targets James Talarico and calls out Dallas Councilwoman Gay Donnell Willis.
Maine CDC cautions ticks remain active in fall
Tick bites are known to spread diseases such as Lyme Disease.
1.2K views · 22 reactions | Nobel Prize 2026 explained: the...
Nobel Prize 2026 explained: the breakthrough that lets scientists switch brain cells on and off with light. Known as optogenetics, this technology helps researchers map the brain and uncover the...
The #2 Movie on Netflix Is a Thrilling Documentary About a Charismatic Serial Killer
"The Widower: 'Til Death Do Us Part" follows the twisting story of Thomas Randolph, also known as the "Black Widower," of whose six wives, four ended up dead.
Former Trump press secretary Karoline Leavitt joins Fox News
Karoline Leavitt, the tenacious former Trump White House press secretary, is joining Fox News as a contributor. The network announced Monday that Leavitt, 29, known for her rapid-fire defense of
Yale School of Medicine On the Science of Childhood Anxiety, Say, Anxiety Disorders Are the Most Common Mental Health Challenges In Youth
Credit: Matt Bradbury October 5, 2026 - By Isabella Backman - Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health challenges in youth. Left untreated, they can disrupt the lives of both children and their families. The good news is that with intervention, most children will overcome these conditions. Across Yale School of Medicine, scientists are working to understand anxiety at every level, from common anxious behaviors to molecular biomarkers in the brain. They are using their findings to develop and disseminate new evidence-based treatments for childhood anxiety. Today, the go-to treatment for childhood anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This is a form of psychotherapy that teaches children skills for confronting anxious thoughts and helps them practice managing situations that cause anxiety. While it is the gold-standard treatment backed by considerable scientific evidence, up to 50% of children will not see sufficient benefit from CBT alone. Wendy Silverman, PhD, Alfred A. Messer Professor in the Child Study Center, co-directs the Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program alongside Eli Lebowitz, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center. One of their main interests is learning how to improve outcomes beyond CBT. “We’re developing cutting-edge, research-based knowledge that can reduce the suffering that anxiety causes children and their families,” says Silverman. Changing parent behavior YSM experts are investigating how to improve CBT outcomes for children by involving the parents. Silverman’s research has uncovered two main components of parent intervention that improve childhood anxiety: not enabling children to completely avoid the things that make them anxious and taking steps to enhance their autonomy. Parents may unintentionally reinforce their child’s anxiety by allowing them to avoid what makes them anxious. They also may unintentionally limit the children’s sense of autonomy by being overly intrusive. “One of the things that we take pride in is that we’ve focused on trying to understand what parents need to do, and to test our ideas and see if changing the parents’ behaviors is enhancing the effects of CBT,” Silverman says. “Our findings thus far suggest that they do." As much as CBT can be helpful, it can also be challenging to get one’s child to do the necessary steps for CBT to work. This is one important reason why Lebowitz created a novel intervention program for parents named Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE). Existing intervention programs often teach parents to act as therapists for their child, such as training them on how to practice breathing exercises. “It makes sense, but this doesn’t work very well in practice,” says Lebowitz. “And part of the reason, I think, is that it’s not easy to get your kid to do things, especially if they’re not excited about doing it.” SPACE is unique because it focuses entirely on parent involvement and changing parental behavior—children are not involved in the sessions. For example, parents learn how to use supportive messages that convey confidence that their child can tolerate and manage distress. “It might sound like a parent saying to a child, ‘I get that this is really hard for you, but I know that you can handle it,’” Lebowitz says. The program also works with parents to identify the ways in which they are accommodating anxious behaviors. “We’ll pick one thing that parents are doing that is an accommodation and help them make a detailed plan for how they’re going to change that,” Lebowitz explains. Treating Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Much of the existing research on SPACE has focused on parents of children under age 14. Ongoing studies are now exploring its use with parents of older teens. “Both anxiety and accommodation can interfere with normative developmental shifts during the teen years, including increased autonomy and individuation from parents,” says Rebecca Etkin, PhD, associate research scientist in the Child Study Center. “In this sense, SPACE may be particularly well-suited for anxious teens and their parents. We want to see whether it is effective during this distinct developmental window.” Unfortunately, many families in need of CBT face barriers, including limited availability of services and geographic constraints. One way to improve access is digital interventions. Silverman and her team are developing an evidence-based digitized intervention program for parents that they can access directly from their computer or smart phone. “The work we’re doing will be one of the very few parent interventions that is digitized and importantly tested for effectiveness,” she says. Creating interventions for anxiety-related challenges Silverman and Lebowitz recently received a generous gift to develop and test other interventions that help parents reduce other child anxiety-related behavioral and emotional difficulties, such as restrictive eating and unexplained somatic symptoms. One of these projects in particular focuses on understanding the risks of social media and its potential benefits, including offering a sense of connection. “A lot of research has focused on the idea that social media is harmful and the less of it the better,” says Lebowitz. “But we actually see is that this is not quite right—there are negatives, but there are also positives. So, we’re trying to get a little bit more nuanced of a picture.” The team is working with teens with social anxiety and their parents over an extended period to better understand their social media habits and how their anxiety levels affect engagement with different platforms. The teens will answer questions sent to an app on their phones about mood and social media usage in an effort to capture emotional responses as they unfold. “We hope to develop interventions that can help make the best of social media while protecting against the more problematic effects,” Lebowitz says. The brain’s role in anxiety Researchers are also testing therapies to address anxiety at the neurological and molecular levels. In collaboration with Dylan Gee, PhD, professor of psychology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Hilary Blumberg, MD, John and Hope Furth Professor of Psychiatric Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine, Lebowitz and Silverman are using brain imaging to identify changes in a child’s brain before and after parents enroll in SPACE. In one study, children viewed anxiety-inducing images while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the researchers conducted scans with and without the children’s parents nearby. Before SPACE, children’s brains were better able to activate the regulatory circuitry needed to turn off an anxious response when their parents were nearby. But after SPACE, children could activate this circuitry even without the parent around. “As parents work on gradually reducing some of their accommodations, you can see a child get better at regulating their own fear system in the brain,” Lebowitz says. “It’s remarkable.” Research into the molecular underpinnings of anxiety can also inform new childhood anxiety treatments. In a recent study, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Flora Vaccarino, MD, Harris Professor in the Child Study Center, discovered that a protein known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) could be protective from the toxic effects of stress. FGF2 levels in children and their parents were linked to the children’s risk of developing anxiety and depression, the study showed. The findings could help explain why some children who are exposed to early life trauma such as poverty or abuse are more prone to developing mental health disorders. And FGF2 could be a target for treatment. “This is very novel because it starts to give a clue to what is the molecular chain that connects those lived experiences to the actual psychological outcomes,” Lebowitz says. New ways to study and treat childhood anxiety Michael Crowley, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center, collaborates with Silverman and Lebowitz to study the role that attention plays in development and maintenance of childhood anxiety. There is a large body of research that shows that anxious children, like anxious adults, are prone to focus on threatening stimuli such as angry faces compared with neutral faces. This has led to innovative interventions that involve attention retraining. The idea is that if experts train children to look away from threatening stimuli, it may reduce their anxiety—especially children with social anxiety who are most prone to attend to threats. The researchers have just completed a clinical trial for attention retraining with 10- to 14-year-olds with social anxiety disorders and are currently analyzing the findings. Besides this innovative attention retraining research, as Crowly notes, “I like to design tasks that are engaging to kids,” Crowley says. “My goal is to assess something without the kids knowing what we are assessing.” With this goal in mind, Crowley has created a virtual game, named Boom, to study threat processing in children with anxiety disorders. The game is similar to that of hot potato—the child and three digital players take turns virtually passing a ball to each other’s gloves. At some point, the ball turns into a bomb, and as the bomb lands in each player’s glove, the outline of the glove turns yellow. The goal is to avoid having the bomb go off in your glove. What isn’t obvious is that the game is designed to measure different types of threatening stimuli, both ambiguous and direct. In the game, the direct threat occurs as the bomb is traveling towards your glove. The ambiguous threat is the yellow outlined glove as it is unknown where the bomb will travel next. While children play the game, Crowley’s team measures their brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The researchers have discovered that in kids with anxiety, the brain reacts more strongly to ambiguous threats than it does in their peers, but less strongly to direct threats. They believe that the initial abnormally large brain response to not knowing where the bomb is going impairs the brain's ability to properly respond when the threat is actually traveling the child’s way. “The brains of children with anxiety are unable to differentiate between threats you need to do something about and those that are not your problem.” Michael Crowley, PhD, develops innovative games for studying anxiety in children and adolescents.Credit: Matt Bradbury Based on these insights, Crowley hopes to study whether interventions like attention training could restore appropriate threat processing. Crowley’s team is also working on a test called the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task, which evaluates risk-taking and avoidance behaviors. It features a digital balloon that is full of air and about to burst. Kids have six seconds to let air out of the balloon. The more air they let out, the less risk they face that the balloon will pop. But at the same time, the balloon becomes less valuable as it deflates. “The more air you keep in the balloon, the more points you get,” Crowley explains. So far, the researchers have found that when the balloons pop unexpectedly, teens with social anxiety show distinct brain responses. Studying these responses can help psychologists understand the underlying pathways driving the various manifestations of anxiety. The genetics of anxiety When Thomas Fernandez, MD, associate professor in the Child Study Center and of psychiatry, was still in training, there was a lot of excitement about understanding the genetics associated with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, scientists have identified around 250 genes associated with autism. The genetic contribution to anxiety disorders, on the other hand, has historically received less attention. Anxiety is less heritable than autism, but the genetic contribution for anxiety disorders that emerge in childhood may be higher than for anxiety disorders overall. While scientists estimate the heritability of anxiety disorders in general to be around 30% to 50%, some studies suggest higher heritability for certain childhood-onset anxiety presentations. “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism,” Fernandez says. “So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism. So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” Thomas Fernandez, MD Associate Professor In the Child Study Center and in Psychiatry Now, Fernandez and Emily Olfson, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Child Study Center, are studying children and their parents to identify genetic changes that are present in the child but not the parents, known as “de novo mutations.” “All of us have some de novo mutations—maybe about 50 to 100 sprinkled throughout the genome,” Olfson says. “But when they occur within the coding regions of genes, they can be really disruptive.” Previous research shows that people with autism have higher rates of damaging de novo mutations than the general population. In 2022, Olfson, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Fernandez published a study on 68 children and their families that found that children with anxiety had similarly high levels of these mutations. Studying de novo mutations can help point the researchers to where they should be looking for genes associated with anxiety. “The end game is using the genes to steer us toward the right part of biology that we can then target to come up with better treatments,” Fernandez says. Building on those findings, the team is now studying more families to better understand how these de novo mutations, along with other genetic and environmental factors, shape pediatric anxiety disorders. They recently received a National Institutes of Health grant to enroll 750 new families over the next five years. Olfson is the principal investigator, with co-investigators Lebowitz, Fernandez, Silverman, and Shuangge Steven Ma, PhD, department chair and professor of biostatistics at Yale School of Public Health. Neurodevelopment, Risk Genes, and Mental Health Conditions - The Olfson Lab Joel Gelernter, MD, Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry, is interested in how different anxiety disorders differ genomically. “We are studying social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, working to understand why people differ in their risk to these specific anxiety disorders and evaluating various risk factors,” he says. Gelernter was recently involved in one of the largest studies to date of the genomics underlying anxiety disorder. The study included around 122,000 people with anxiety disorders and around 730,000 without. It found that some genetic differences associated with anxiety were linked to signaling that helps reduce overactivity in the nervous system. Many anxiety medications available today work by targeting this process. “It’s nice when the biology that you get out of a large genome-wide study ratifies things that we already know because that can help increase confidence in further findings from the study,” Gelernter says. Uncovering the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders John Krystal, MD, Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research and chair of the Department of Psychiatry, is interested in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of which anxiety is a major symptom. In the late 1980s, Krystal’s team discovered that the drug yohimbine activated symptoms in patients with PTSD. “This was the first time we could link a specific biological mechanism to the symptoms of PTSD,” Krystal says. At the time, he adds, this finding was highly controversial. “A lot of people felt that PTSD was a purely psychological syndrome that didn’t have an underlying biology.” Since then, Krystal has dived deep into understanding the neurobiology of PTSD to learn how to better treat it. His team is evaluating the use of ketamine and psychedelics. These would be among the first treatments to be developed specifically for PTSD. They may also be applicable for other disorders including anxiety disorders, Krystal adds. An important gap in PTSD treatment is the absence of biological tests that inform how to best help patients manage their PTSD symptoms. A doctor doesn’t diagnose cancer based on how they feel. Rather, they use tests of the biology of the cancer to determine the best course of treatment. “And we can’t do that in any psychiatric disorder other than Alzheimer’s disease,” Krystal says. “But now we are building a foundation for this approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders for the first time.” Source: Yale School of Medicine
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