Search headlines

GACHIAKUTA: BREAKOUT launches in 2027

Survival action RPG GACHIAKUTA: BREAKOUT, formerly GACHIAKUTA: The Game, will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam in 2027, developer Com2uS announced.

Sep 17 • 6:02 AM EDT • Technology • gematsu.com

Truth and Politics in the Age of Post-Truth

Get E-International Relations delivered to your inbox, free of charge. As you sign up, consider becoming a paid subscriber, or make a donation, to support our work. Subscribe This is an excerpt from Global Politics in a Post-Truth Era. You can download the book free of charge from E-International Relations. The term post-truth is by now so ubiquitous in describing the state of politics in the Western world and even beyond that the most pressing issue of the day appears to be about making democracy work in the era of post-truth rather than questioning the normalisation of the term itself in the first place. The critical turning point appeared to have occurred in 2016 when the term was chosen by the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘The Word of the Year.’ On its website, the Dictionary notes the transformation of post-truth from ‘being a peripheral term to being a mainstay in political commentary and connects ‘the spike in frequency’ directly with the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the election of Donald J. Trump in the United States – both occurring in 2016. Paired with the noun ‘politics,’ post-truth is defined as an adjective ‘relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.’ The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first use of the term to a 1992 essay in The Nation by the playwright Steve Tesich as he reflected on the 1980s Iran-Contra scandal and the 1990–91 Gulf War: We are rapidly becoming prototypes of a people that totalitarian monsters could only drool about in their dreams. All the dictators up to now have had to work hard at suppressing the truth. We, by our actions, are saying that this is no longer necessary, that we have acquired a spiritual mechanism that can denude truth of any significance. In a very fundamental way we, as a free people, have freely decided that we want to live in some post-truth world (Tesich 1992, 13; emphasis added). He then continued, The Gulf War is over but the war at home goes on. The gulf between rich and destitute widens – between those of us who live in a modern post-industrial nation and those of us who live in the Third World countries of our inner cities. The present administration’s response to this internal crisis has shifted from benign to malignant neglect. The current levels of misery and decomposition of our cities and the economic gulags of our ghettos are acceptable. Since there is only so much hope to go around, there is a freeze on hope. The have-nots have now been reclassified as never-will-haves (Tesich 1992, 13). In the context of Tesich’s essay, truth includes both facts, as in what happens, and ‘moral absolutes,’ as in the ‘self-evident truths mentioned in our Constitution’ (Tesich 1992, 14). Together, these two notions of truth entail the obligation to both act and react. The two passages cited above show that even in the early post-Cold War years, Tesich was already deeply concerned that the American people are neither prepared to act on truth nor react to truth that is disconcerting, or what he calls ‘bad news’ (Tesich 1992, 12). Accordingly, Tesich’s insight as captured by the term post-truth is not that truth is irrelevant to what we know, but rather it is irrelevant to how we act. In contrast, ‘post-truth politics,’ as defined by Oxford as a term that pitches ‘objective facts’ against ‘emotion and personal belief’ such that the latter appears to have overtaken the former in shaping ‘public opinion’ and thereby, democratic politics. When Tesich’s post-truth politics and its current usage are juxtaposed, the two are in fact not identical in terms of what truth is and how it relates to politics. Against such consideration, this chapter provides a critical survey of selected historical events and theoretical considerations for the purpose of gaining a more nuanced understanding of the relation between truth and politics. Truth and Language One notable impact of post-truth politics is that language is being overtly deployed as a political weapon not only by politicians and those in power, but among the general population. It seems that once facts are irrelevant to the validity of what is being said, language becomes the platform for an all-out political contest in which what is said is no more than an act of will expressed as an assertion of power and/or an exercise in defiance. As early as in the writings of Thucydides (460–400 BCE), the vulnerability of logos – which is the human capacity for rational discourse in tumultuous times – was already noted. Thucydides belonged to a school of Greek thought which maintained that language is conventional and that the association between name and things is a result of ‘human use and habit’ rather than ‘nature or divine dispensation’ (Connor 1984, 99). The conventional nature of language means that it is incapable of providing its users with any independent criteria for judgement. In Thucydides’ study of the Peloponnesian War (431–405 BCE), the subversion of logos as seen in the manipulation of language was introduced through his account of the civil war in Corcyra (Thucydides 1972, 236-245). The war first broke out in 427 BCE between the pro-Athenian democratic faction and the pro-Spartan oligarchic faction before it spread to the rest of the Greek world. There was a general breakdown of law and order, resulting in extreme violence and death. Language underwent changes that were reflective of the events of the time. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) translated Thucydides’ description of the situation as follows: The received value of names imposed for signification of things, was changed into arbitrary. For inconsiderate boldness, was counted true-hearted manliness: provident deliberation, a handsome fear: modesty, the cloak of cowardice: to be wise in everything, to be lazy in everything... he that had been so provident as not to need to do the one or the other, was said to be a dissolver of society, and one that stood in fear of his adversary. In brief, he that could outstrip another in the doing of an evil act, or that could persuade another thereto that never meant it, was commended (Hobbes 1839–1845, 8: 348; Thucydides 1972, 242-243). What concerned Thucydides most was that the meanings of words are no more than linguistic conventions that require logos to support them. The Corcyrean civil war was a reminder that such capacity cannot be assumed. This is why history understood as an authentic account of what happens matters. Guided by logos, the historian’s task is ‘the search after truth’, which is established through ‘the absence of the fabulous,’ including ‘the rejection of myth and unverifiable stories’ (de Jonge 2017, 2). Thus, history plays an important role in facilitating the stability of language – without which distinctions and judgements cannot be rendered communicable. Just like Thucydides, Hobbes was a nominalist who subscribed to the view that there is no inherent meaning to words. Hobbes’ state of nature, where there is no common authority, is precisely one in which distinctions cannot be made. As Hobbes put it, there is ‘no Mine and Thine distinct’ nor is there distinction between ‘the notions of Right and Wrong, Justice and Injustice’ (1968, 188; emphasis in original). This is clearly an unsustainable condition for everyone. Behind Hobbes’ famous words that life in the state of nature is ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short’ is his uncompromising argument for the ‘Leviathan’, which is described by the late American political theorist, Sheldon Wolin (1922–2015), as the ‘sovereign definer’ (Hobbes 1968, 186; Wolin 2004, 238–243). Accordingly, the social contract is importantly a ‘linguistic contract’ that binds all parties to ‘general names agreed upon’ (Peters 1979, 125; Hobbes 1968, 111). Through Thucydides and Hobbes, we can identify a line of thinking that sees politics as a contestation over the use of language, which is based on shared conventions and norms. Thus understood, politics is not a collective quest for the true nature of our being or an epistemological exercise in pursuit of true knowledge. Rather, politics is about humans living with one another by finding a shared language to communicate with one another on matters that affect them all. Truth is in that sense contingent on what is being said as opposed to setting the standard for it. In other words, truth is the embodiment of shareability among us. While truth as such ensures the viability of a political entity, truth by no means represents a normative standard to adjudicate among contesting actors in what they say, let alone in what they do. During Thucydides’ times, ancient China was also experiencing a tumultuous time as the ruling Zhou dynasty deteriorated into the period of the Warring States (481–221 BCE). This was when the rulers of Zhou no longer presided over the territories brought under its control through conquest. Instead of professing allegiance to the Zhou royalty, the lords of these territories became kings themselves to rule over their own land. The period was one marked by endless military campaigns as each of the seven major states aimed to conquer the rest (Lewis 1999). Yet, the period was also known for its intellectual vibrancy as different thinkers challenged the restoring of order among these warring states – including offering ideas and advice to rulers on good governance. Among these thinkers was Confucius (551–479 BCE). His thought, which came to be known as Confucianism, went on to become the state ideology of China from the Han dynasty (206 BCE–222 CE) until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911 when China became a republic. The founding text of Confucianism was the Analects, which is a collection of dialogues between Confucius and his students as recorded by them. One key concept Confucius advanced is the ‘rectification of names’. Though the term only appears in one exchange in the Analects, it is considered a major aspect of Confucius’ thought. Generations of Confucian scholars from past and present, including Western academics, have debated over its interpretation (Makeham 2003). The passage in question reads as follows: Zi Lu said: ‘The monarch of the state of Wei wants you to govern the country, what is the first thing you plan on doing?’ Confucius said: ‘First it is necessary to rectify the names.’Zi Lu said: ‘Is that really what has to be done? You are being too pedantic, aren’t you now? How will you rectify these names?’Confucius said: ‘Zhong You, you are too unrefined. A gentleman, faced with a matter that he does not understand, takes a skeptical attitude. If names are not correct, one cannot speak smoothly and reasonably, and if one cannot speak smoothly and reasonably, affairs cannot be managed successfully. If affairs cannot be managed successfully, rites and music will not be conducted. If rites and music are not conducted, punishments will not be suitable. And if punishments are not suitable, the common people will not know what to do. So, when the gentleman uses names, it is necessary to be able to speak so that people understand. If one can say it, one can definitely do it. A gentleman should not be careless with words’ (Analects 13:3 in Cao 2016, 148). This translation is offered by the contemporary philosopher Cao Feng. As Cao notes, the passage is what started the whole debate over ‘exactly what kind of names did Confucius... wish to rectify’ (Cao 2016, 148). Of the three major groups of interpretation examined by Cao, beginning with classical Confucian scholarship, one is arguably the most influential and certainly most pertinent to the issue of language and politics. This is the interpretation that was first associated with the Neo-Confucian master, Zhu Xi (1130–1200), who argued that the ‘rectification of names is simply the rectification of politics’ (Cao 2016, 149). Within this interpretive framework, rectification has the dual functions of correction and prescription by ensuring that predetermined hierarchical roles are strictly adhered to through following ‘the system of rites and propriety’ (Cao 2016, 151). In addition, the rectification of names entails ‘using names to rectify actuality’ (Cao 2016, 151). Yet Cao rejects this whole body of interpretive works by arguing that these were ideas developed later. Instead, Cao suggests the following: The original meaning of Confucius’ rectification of names may, then, be quite simple. Confucius did not mean to establish a concrete, normative system of “names”; rather, Confucius was simply the first person in history to realize or remark upon the importance of language in politics. As a politician, he noticed and foresaw the impact that the indeterminacy, ambiguity, and arbitrariness of names would have on politics. Confucius recognized the political consequences of language’s not accurately expressing meaning or not being accurately received by people. He realized the great role that names, as a means of distinguishing right and wrong and establishing norms, could play in society and politics (Cao 2016, 168). Scholarly debates aside, Cao’s view has the advantage of identifying an interpretation of this controversial exchange in the Analects that enables its readers to extrapolate from it the observation that the meaning of words depends as much on their users as on their interpreters; neither of which can be predetermined. Accordingly, a good ruler is someone who can speak without ambiguity to his subjects and make good his words through actions. Stated differently, Cao’s view on what concerned Confucius then, who was living through times of protracted political upheaval, is that language is an indispensable political tool for those in power and can be deployed by both good and bad rulers alike. To sum up, this historical survey shows that politics as a war of words is by no means a distinctive marker of contemporary politics nor the Western world. Be it ancient or current, east or west, language is subject to manipulation to serve political purposes and when there is an outright war of words that defies existing norms, it is indicative of a political situation in which people no longer share a language and truth becomes irrelevant. Accordingly, political order entails stability in language use. Truth and Politics As previously noted, current use of the term post-truth as an adjective to the term ‘politics’ suggests that once there was a time when politics aligned with truth. Indeed, if we start with Plato’s Republic as the key founding text of Western political thought, we see that the ideal polis (city-state of ancient Greece) is where truth and politics converge, and justice is achieved. Written around 380 BCE when Athens was still coping with its defeat by the Spartans in the Peloponnesian War, the Republic is a defence of the rule of the ‘philosopher king’, defined as someone who is ‘guided by the truth’ and is ‘always and in every way’ in pursuit of the truth (Plato 1974, 490a). For Plato, truth converges with virtues and hence, letting the philosopher take charge of politics is to let the wisest and the most virtuous lead the less wise and the less virtuous even if it requires compulsion (Plato 1974, 499b). In Plato’s words, ‘…until the philosophers attain power in a city there will be no respite from evil for either city or citizens…’ (Plato 1974, 501e). The uncompromising rule of philosopher-kings is made palatable by the claim that we are all ‘earth- born brothers’ with random mixtures of gold, silver, bronze and iron, but only the gold can rule (Plato 1974, 414–415). Understandably, academic debates over the interpretation of Plato’s Republic revolve around the question of whether truth as attained in philosophy can be realised in politics as action and whether such a connection is even desirable. Without getting into the details of these scholarly exchanges, I suggest that they all share the concern that truth acquired through the rigorous process of philosophical reasoning is not without problem when applied to the real world of living humans. This is because not all humans are philosophers – and indeed, in Plato’s view, not everyone is capable of becoming a philosopher given the protracted and arduous training that one needs to endure to become one. Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), a highly influential political philosopher of the twentieth century, notes that ‘Plato was the first to introduce the division between those who know and do not act and those who act and do not know’ and that such a separation has remained ‘at the root of all theories of domination’ (Arendt 1958, 223, 225). What Arendt points out in this remark is not the gap between theory and practice, but rather that Plato provides the normative ground for those who know the truth to tell those who do not know what to do. Arendt herself took on the challenge of understanding the relationship between truth and politics through her analysis of Nazism and Stalinism. Arendt’s insight, which was controversial when The Origins of Totalitarianism was published in 1951, was to identify Nazism and Stalinism as representative of a new form of political rule – totalitarianism – making it distinct from ‘other forms of political oppression... such as despotism, tyranny and dictatorship’ (Arendt 1973, 460). Arendt defines totalitarianism as a self- contained system of ideas driven by their ‘logic’ and marked by a mode of reasoning called ‘ideological thinking.’ Ideological thinking as such is a distinctive form of political reasoning defined by three characteristics. First, ideological thinking claims to provide a ‘total explanation’ of all historical happenings, encompassing the past, the present, and the future. Second, while ideological thinking is an attempt to account for ‘factual reality’ in its totality, this mode of thinking is paradoxically divorced from reality and experience. This is because experience, being rooted in specificity, is clearly limited in its claim to totality. It follows that as its third characteristic, ideological thinking aims to emancipate thought from the limitation imposed by experience through a ‘specific method of demonstration.’ The method involves arranging facts into an ‘absolutely logical procedure’ that starts from an ‘axiomatically accepted premise’. It is, in short, a ‘process of deduction from a premise’ – which is the only possible movement in the realm of logic that leads to one definitive conclusion. This is how the ‘logicality of ideological thinking’ provides the basis for total explanation and the ‘principle of action’ for totalitarian movement (Arendt 1973, 468–474). Stated differently, totalitarianism is a form of uncompromising idealism that exists in one’s head irrespective of shared reality as experienced. It is the perverse form of what Arendt later refers to as ‘rational truth’, which is the product of the ‘speculative mind’ that belongs to philosophy, mathematics and the sciences. The ‘speculative mind’ is the mind working on its way to generate axioms and theories by relying on the cognitive capacity of the human brain (Arendt 1977, 231). The presence of others has no bearing whatsoever on rational truth. In contrast, ‘factual truth’ is what happens when humans are ‘living and acting together’ (Arendt 1977, 231). Factual truth is therefore particular and temporal by definition. But more importantly, factual truth is ‘political by nature’ because it can only be validated in the context of the human community (Arendt 1977, 238). In other words, factual truth is about humans in their plurality rather than in their singularity. For factual truth to be sustainable, we need what Arendt calls ‘common sense’ – understood as ‘community sense’ (Arendt 1982, 72). There is also another distinction about truth that Arendt makes which is pertinent to understanding how totalitarianism works. The issue is whether the so-called totalitarian ideology is simply an unnecessarily cumbersome way of saying that it is an all-round and polished lie. Here, Arendt calls totalitarian ideology the ‘modern lie’ – in contrast to the ‘traditional lie’. The latter is restricted by two conditions: that it is a lie about the ‘particulars’ and that it deceives only the ‘enemy’ – which means that the liar is not engaged in self- deception. The modern lie, however, involves a ‘complete rearrangement of the whole factual texture’. It also intends to deceive everyone alike, to the extent that those who initiate the lie eventually ‘fall victims to their own falsehood’ (Arendt 1977, 249–254). This distinction between the traditional and modern lie is important. It indicates that not only is totalitarianism a lie, but the lie is in fact too big to fit into the standard meaning of the word. To tell a lie from truth, we need a common standard. In the case of a traditional lie, the common standard is precisely ‘the fabric of factuality’. As such, a lie always appears as a ‘tear’ to that fabric. Yet, modern lies require making a surrogate reality with a completely different context for facts to fit ‘without seam, crack, or fissure, exactly as the facts fitted into their original context’. Arendt notes that as long as those who concoct the surrogate reality are prepared to engage in self- deception to ‘create a semblance of truthfulness’, there is nothing to prevent ‘these new stories, images, and non-facts from becoming an adequate substitute for reality and factuality’ (Arendt 1977, 253–254). Totalitarianism therefore requires a person to stand outside of the system itself in order to make sense of it. Arendt points out that it is futile for us to argue with (for example) a Nazi or a Stalinist on race or class. To confront totalitarianism requires more than just a confrontation with specific facts. It is a more fundamental confrontation between reality as experienced and its total rejection. This means that Nazism and Stalinism are more than radical ways of conducting racial conflict or class struggle. Rather: Totalitarian politics – far from being simply antisemitic or racist or imperialist or communist – use and abuse their own ideological and political elements until the basis of factual reality, from which the ideologies originally derived their propaganda value– the value of struggle, for instance, or the interest conflicts between Jews and their neighbours – have all but disappeared (Arendt 1973, xv). Accordingly: The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (that is, the reality of experience) and the distinction between true and false (that is, the standards of thought) no longer exist (Arendt 1973, 474). Who then is the ‘ideal subject’ of totalitarianism? Although there is a revival of interest in Arendt’s observation on truth and politics since the onset of post- truth politics, not enough has been said about her reply to the question (Hyvönen 2018; Klinkler 2018; Lee 2019; Zerilli 2020). Yet if we take a look at Arendt’s portrait of this ideal subject, her view is even more pertinent to our current challenge. As a self-contained system of ideas that is detached from experience, totalitarian thinking offers consistency in ways that reality cannot. Arendt notes that this kind of consistency is especially appealing to those who have lost a sense of bearing in the world (Arendt 1973, 353). They constitute what she calls the ‘masses’. The ‘mass man’ is thus a highly isolated and atomised individual, who is ‘obsessed by a desire to escape from reality’ (Arendt 1973, 318, 352). In his ‘essential homelessness’ the mass man can ‘no longer bear its accidental, incomprehensible aspects’ (Arendt 1973, 352). This longing for escape from reality is a ‘verdict against the world’ in which one is ‘forced to live’ but ‘cannot exist’ (Arendt 1973, 352). Such a situation is ripe for the ‘revolt of the masses’ against ‘common sense,’ which is ‘the result of their atomisation, of their loss of social status’ and with it, the ‘whole sector of communal relationships in whose framework common sense makes sense’ (Arendt 1973, 352). In short, the masses are people who are considered to be ‘superfluous or can be spared … [who] cannot be integrated into any organisation based on common interest’ (Arendt 1973, 311). Whether one agrees with Arendt’s analysis of the social conditions in the interwar years that led to the formation of the ‘masses’, her portrait of the ‘mass man’ is a powerful account of what can happen to an individual who has become disposable to the society that they used to belong to. Hand in hand with this phenomenon is indeed the collapse of ‘common sense’ that leaves the dislodged individual scrambling for reconnection. By offering the masses a substitute reality validated by the ‘logic of an idea’ rather than by experience, totalitarianism makes it possible for them to live in a world where there is no condition of plurality. Between ‘facing the anarchic growth and total arbitrariness of decay’ and ‘bowing down before the most rigid, fantastically fictitious consistency of an ideology’, the masses will likely ‘choose the latter’ (Arendt 1973, 352). A world created by ideology, then, is more attractive to the masses not because ‘they are stupid and wicked, but because in the general disaster this escape grants them a minimum of self- respect’ by conjuring up ‘a lying world of consistency which is more adequate to the needs of the human mind than reality itself’ (Arendt 1973, 353). Moreover, it is precisely this ability to guarantee consistency that makes it possible for the leaders of totalitarian movements to demand ‘total, unrestricted, unconditional and unalterable loyalty of the individual member’ (Arendt 1973, 323). While this chapter is not a study of the social factors that led to specific contemporary developments such as the result of the Brexit referendum or the election of Donald Trump in 2016, Arendt’s ‘mass man’ seem to have found their counterparts among the supporters of Brexit and Trumpism. Studies of voters’ profiles in both events point to a disproportionate share of supporters from white male lower income backgrounds without university educations. These are individuals who have either already lost their jobs to globalisation or who are at high risk of losing their job with very little capacity to be retrained for the twenty-first century market economy of advanced industrialised states (BBC 2016; Pew Research Center 2018). In short, these displaced workers are part of the tapestry forming the modern equivalent of Arendt’s ‘mass man’ – ready to be the recruits of totalitarianism. Conclusion If we step back to take a more comprehensive approach to the relationship between truth and politics, both historically and theoretically, it is not so obvious that 2016 is a defining moment. From ancient China and ancient Greece to our so-called post-truth age, the indeterminacy of language appears to be a persistent political challenge. Language is always open to manipulation by its users to serve power. Nonetheless, the tendency these days is to single out the ubiquity of social media and the proliferation of Internet platforms as the incubator for the countless cyberwars of words that in turn fuel the real world of politics. In this context, language is no longer the conveyor of objective facts and accurate information, but rather the medium for expressing subjective opinions and feelings, as captured by the Oxford Dictionary’s definition of the term ‘post-truth politics’. In contrast, the historical approach used in this chapter shows that it is in fact too easy to point the figure at the Internet and digital communication for the political challenge that we face today. What is being suggested here is that with or without the Internet, language, be it used to convey facts or emotions, is simply a tool for communication that humans have invented. While language per se cannot adjudicate what is true or not true, what is right or wrong, it embodies such capacity when language is a shared norm. That shared norm cannot be sustained without some semblance of cohesion in any given community. Any war of words, irrespective of its platform, is indicative of the breakdown of such cohesiveness. Returning to the original context in which the term post-truth politics was first used by Steve Tesich helps to identify the important distinction between truth as the standard for knowledge and truth as the standard for action. The two do not necessarily coincide. Placed in the context of the history of political thought, this distinction is in fact at the heart of Plato’s Republic. Yet when the philosopher as the quintessential bearer of truth becomes king, the polis that he rules over is far from the ideal of a just state that it purports to be. Instead, it is one that is held together by lies and coercion. What Arendt reveals through her study of Nazism and Stalinism is that it is dangerous for the kind of truth that philosophy generates – ‘rational truth’ – to become the guide to politics. Politics guided by rational truth can only be uncompromising and follows a logic of its own that cannot afford the ambiguity and indeterminacy of reality as lived experiences of humans. A world of post-truth politics can be an opportunity for a new kind of politics if it is indeed about dismantling the idea that truth is the ideal that politics should strive for. But as it stands, the post-truth politics of today is more about invoking a past that never exists to judge the presence as a crisis in naming when the real crisis is about rebuilding a shared space that has room for all – be they of the left, right or centre; cosmopolitan or parochial; civic-minded or self-centred; liberal-minded or bigoted. Politics is and always will be about striving for that space, without which no human can thrive. References Arendt, Hannah. 1958. The Human Condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Arendt, Hannah. 1973. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Rev. ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Arendt, Hannah. 1977. “Truth and Politics.” In Between Past and Future, 227–264. New York: Penguin Books. Arendt, Hannah. 1982. Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy, edited by Ronald Beiner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2016. “Brexit vote: The breakdown.” BBC News, December 7, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38227674 Cao, Feng. 2016. “A New Examination of Confucius’ Rectification of Names.” Journal of Chinese Humanities 2: 147–171. https://doi-org.subzero.lib. uoguelph.ca/ doi/ 10.1163/23521341-12340032. Connor, W. Robert. 1984. Thucydides. Princeton: Princeton University Press. de Jonge, Casper C. 2017. “Dionysius of Halicarnassus on Thucydides.” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides, edited by Sara Forsdyke, Edith Foster, and Ryan Balot. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780199340385.013.17 https://www-oxfordhandbooks-com.subzero. lib.uoguelph.ca/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340385.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199340385 Hyvönen, Ari-Elmeri. 2018. “Careless Speech: Conceptualizing Post-Truth Politics.” New Perspectives 26 (3): 31–55. https://www.proquest.com/ scholarly-journals/careless-speech-conceptualizing-post-truth/ docview/2204515132/se-2?accountid=11233. Hobbes, Thomas. 1839–1845. The English Works of Thomas Hobbes, edited by Sir William Molesworth. London: John Bohn. Vol. 8. Klinkner, Melanie. 2018. “Reasonable Truth.” International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 14 (3): 393–99. doi:10.1386/macp.14.3.393_7. Lee, Haiyan. 2019. “When Nothing Is True, Everything Is Possible: On Truth and Power by Way of Socialist Realism.” PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134 (5). Cambridge University Press: 1157–64. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.5.1157 Lewis, Mark E. 1999. “Warring States Political History.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC, edited by Michael Loewe and Edward Shaughnessy, 587–650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Makeham, John. 2003. “Zheng ming (Rectification of names).” In RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism, edited by Xinzhong Yao. Vol. 2: 813-814. New York: Routledge. Oxford Languages, n. d. “Word of the Year 2016.” Accessed 19 August 2017. https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2016/ Peters, Richard. 1979. Hobbes. Westport: Greenwood Press. Pew Research Center. 2018. “An examination of the 2016 electorate, based on validated voters.” Report, August 9, 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/ politics/2018/08/09/an-examination-of-the-2016-electorate-based-on- validated-voters/ Plato. 1974. Republic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hackett. Tesich, Steve. 1992. “Watergate Syndrome: A Government of Lies.” The Nation: 12-14. January 6/13, 1992. Thucydides. 1972. The Peloponnesian War. Translated by Rex Warner. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. Wolin, Sheldon. 2004. Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Westen Political Thought. Expanded Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Zerilli, Linda M. G. 2020. ‘Fact-Checking and Truth-Telling in an Age of Alternative Facts.’ Le foucaldien 6, no. 1: 2, 1–22. Theresa Man Ling Lee is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Guelph (Canada). Lee is a political theorist who specializes in contemporary political thought. Her research and teaching areas include continental philosophy, Marxism and critical theory, feminism, postmodernism, philosophy of social science, psychoanalysis, multiculturalism, human rights, disability studies, modern Chinese political thought and comparative political theory. Lee has published on a wide range of subjects in these areas, including intercultural pedagogy and the challenges of teaching as a person with multiple minority designations in a Canadian university classroom.

Sep 16 • 7:16 AM EDT • Politics • e-ir.org

Iris Telehealth Data Reveals 60% of Parents Seek Children's Behavioral Health Information from Pediatricians

/PRNewswire/ -- Iris Telehealth, a leading provider of telepsychiatry and behavioral health solutions for health systems and community organizations, today...

Sep 15 • 9:00 AM EDT • Health • prnewswire.com

Nearly 1 in 5 young people turn to AI for mental health advice. What Utah parents should know

A national study found nearly 1 in 5 young people have used AI for mental health advice, and most haven't told anyone. A psychiatrist says parents should start by asking questions, not lecturing.

Sep 14 • 8:56 PM EDT • Health • ksl.com

Heat hurting your mental and physical health: local psychiatrist says

A psychiatrist explains how extreme heat can worsen mood and depression and why some medications can increase the risk.

Sep 14 • 8:13 PM EDT • Health • nbcdfw.com

Heat hurting your mental and physical health: local psychiatrist says

NBC 5’s Maria Guerrero spoke with a local psychiatrist and North Texans spending time outside in Downtown Dallas.

Sep 14 • 7:41 PM EDT • Health • nbcdfw.com

Gov. Stein Announces $1.25 Million to Expand School-Based Health Centers, Including Appalachian District Health Department

Gov. Josh Stein and the N.C. Department of Health and Human Services announced $1.25 million in federal funding through the North Carolina Rural Health Transformation Program to expand preventive and acute health care, provide nutrition support and address behavioral health needs at school-based health centers. Five organizations will receive funding: the Appalachian District Health Department, …

Sep 14 • 12:57 PM EDT • Health • wataugaonline.com

GrayMatters Health Highlights Growing Role of Digital Biomarkers in Advancing Personalized, Objective Psychiatry

/PRNewswire/ -- GrayMatters Health, the pioneers of digital brain biomarkers for mental healthcare, highlight the role biomarkers are playing in expanding...

Sep 14 • 9:00 AM EDT • Health • prnewswire.com

Healthy Habits: Dr. Heather Goodman

Dr. Heather Goodman from the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences shares some of her healthy habits with us.

Sep 14 • 8:55 AM EDT • Health • blogs.bcm.edu

Emplify Health by Gunderson to add Psychiatric Residency

Sep 13 • 11:13 AM EDT • Health • yahoo.com

What if Rutgers pulls the plug on Schiano? Who’s next?

I know, still ten more games. But, it’s when, not if. Time to start thinking who could we get to replace him? I know more than a few people who start shopping for Christmas in July….well, actually they never stop shopping. They have a notebook (okay, a notes app on their phone) where they list […]

Sep 13 • 8:55 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Emplify Health by Gundersen to launch psychiatry residency program

Emplify Health by Gundersen is expanding its medical education offerings with the addition of a new psychiatry residency program following accreditation from the ACGME.

Sep 11 • 4:28 PM EDT • Health • weau.com

The dirtiest places on an airplane; testing for a breast cancer gene mutation; the evolution of esophageal cancer; plus other stories with Vanderbilt Health sources

William Schaffner, MD, Professor of Preventive Medicine, was quoted by several news outlets about public health issues, including: WKRN News 2 (heat-related illness); NBC News (how bad will flu and COVID be this winter?); AAA’s The Extra Mile (the dirtiest places on an airplane); WKRN News 2 (again) (measles in Tennessee); and The Tennessean and Healthline (new COVID vaccines). Schaffner also spoke to the EMJ European Medical Journal for a Q&A interview. Tuya Pal, MD, Professor of Medicine, was quoted in a New York Times story about testing for a breast cancer gene mutation. Michael Gibson, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, was quoted in a MedPage Today story about the epidemiologic evolution of esophageal cancer. Medpage Today writer Shannon Fritz quoted Shravani Durbhakula, MD, Associate Professor of Pain Medicine, who answered questions about a street drug called cychlorphine. Becker’s Behavioral Health picked up the story. WSMV Channel 4 News reporter Diana Rocco interviewed Michael Caucci, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, for a story about postpartum psychosis and the trial of Lindsay Clancy.

Sep 11 • 3:03 PM EDT • Health • news.vumc.org

Ochsner Lafayette General Welcomes New Physicians

Ochsner Lafayette General welcomes new physicians in infectious diseases, orthopedics, psychiatry, pediatrics and pediatric neurosurgery across Acadiana.

Sep 11 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • news.ochsner.org

9 Foods With More Fiber Than a Pear

Pears aren’t the only food packed with fiber. Foods like chickpeas, raspberries, and chia seeds contain even more fiber than a pear.

Sep 11 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • health.com

Dr. Singh discusses the science of sleep

A board-certified physician and psychiatrist concentrated in the applied science of sleep as well as a sleep consultant for the Broncos stopped by in the final hour. With the Rams and 49ers having to make the long trek to Australia for their Week 1 matchup, she explains her thought process if her team were to…

Sep 10 • 10:33 AM EDT • Science • danpatrick.com

Inter and Chiara Robustellini together until 2029

MILANO - FC Internazionale Milano announces that it has reached an agreement to extend Chiara Robustellini’s contract. The defender, born in 2003, will wear the Nerazzurri shirt until 30 June 2029.

Sep 10 • 8:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

NYU Grossman’s next psychiatry chair on expanding mental health services at Langone

This month, NYU Langone Health tapped William Gordon Frankle to chair the Department of Psychiatry at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. With experience leading psychiatry care at NYU Langone Hospital—Brooklyn, Frankle is now slated to lead services across Manhattan, Brooklyn, Long Island. In his new role, he described plans to increase NYU Langone’s suicide prevention...

Sep 10 • 7:43 AM EDT • Health • nyunews.com

World Alzheimer’s Month: How far has science come?

The following expert commentary can be used by journalists and media organizations in their own publications and news coverage. Please attribute all quotes to David Hunter, MD, associate professor at UTHealth Houston and behavioral neurologist and neuropsychiatrist with UT Physicians. Alzheimer’s disease, named for the German pathologist Dr. Alois Alzheimer, is a progressive brain disorder that affects a person’s memory and ability to carry out daily tasks. The number of Americans

Sep 9 • 6:50 PM EDT • Science • newswise.com

The Case for a Psychiatric Deprescribing Clinic

Psychiatric medication prescribing practices have come under scrutiny since the Trump administration announced its plan to crack

Sep 9 • 4:38 PM EDT • Health • bhbusiness.com

The Case for a Psychiatric Deprescribing Clinic

Psychiatric medication prescribing practices have come under scrutiny since the Trump administration announced its plan to crack

Sep 9 • 4:38 PM EDT • Business • bhbusiness.com

Veterans' mental health challenges

For many veterans, coming home does not mean leaving the impact of military service behind. As we approach the 25th anniversary of 9/11, it is important to recognize the mental health struggles many veterans face—often without treatment. Rawle Andrews jr., executive director of the American Psychiatric Association Foundation, discusses this with Good Day Austin.

Sep 9 • 12:49 PM EDT • Health • fox7austin.com

These new resources can help you vet digital mental health tools

Journalists can use guides from professional psychological and psychiatric associations to sort through thousands of mental health apps.

Sep 8 • 6:00 PM EDT • Health • healthjournalism.org

Greg Schiano Announces AJ Surace Will Start vs. Boston College

Surace will make his first career start on Friday night.

Sep 8 • 12:59 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Kansas City psychiatrist explores the science behind high emotional sensitivity

Dr. Sasha Hamdani's new book, "Too Sensitive," aims to provide a science-backed, empathetic framework for understanding why some people experience high emotional sensitivity. The Kansas City psychiatrist joined KCUR's Up To Date on Tuesday.

Sep 8 • 12:07 PM EDT • Science • kcur.org

Ozempic and Wegovy may have an unexpected mental health benefit

Semaglutide, the drug behind Ozempic and Wegovy, may have benefits that extend well beyond weight loss and diabetes. In a large Swedish study of nearly 15,000 people with bipolar disorder, its use was linked to a 21% lower risk of psychiatric hospitalization. Researchers think effects on inflammation and brain-related biological pathways could help stabilize mood, though other GLP-1 drugs did not show the same association.

Sep 8 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • sciencedaily.com

Rutgers' planned celebration turned into reality check for Greg Schiano

The worst loss of the college football season came in Week 1.

Sep 7 • 10:29 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Does Medication Abortion Cause An Increase In Mental Health Problems?

A new study published in JAMA Psychiatry looked at medication and procedural abortion and the risk of psychotropic medication use. “We examined whether medication or procedural abortion increased risk of mental health medication use,” study author Julia Steinberg told us. Steinberg is Associate Professor in the Department of Family Science School of Public Health at the University of Maryland. "Based on previous research we have conducted, we did not think medication or procedural abortion would increase risk of mental health medication use.”

Sep 7 • 8:00 PM EDT • Health • theravive.com

Two years after its rocky launch, Civilization 7's first paid expansion Earthrise is on its way - but first comes the atomic age

As the legendary Civilization series celebrates its 35th anniversary, developer Firaxis has unveiled a host of new updates coming to Civilization 7.

Sep 7 • 1:31 PM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net

App State opens season by beating FCS-program Maine 55-3

Malachi Singleton threw for 291 yards and three touchdowns on 22-of-24 passing to help Appalachian State open its season by beating FCS-program Maine 55-3.

Sep 7 • 9:28 AM EDT • Sports • spectrumlocalnews.com

PREVIEW: Pearland ISD to consider mental health program partnership

Pearland ISD trustees are set to consider a partnership with UTHealth Houston’s Department of Psychiatry for its Youth Aware of Mental Health, or YAM, program at its Sept. 8 meeting.

Sep 7 • 7:00 AM EDT • Health • communityimpact.com

The One Seed Dietitians Recommend for Brain, Heart, and Gut Health

Chia seeds top dietitians’ picks for brain, heart, and gut health thanks to fiber, ALA omega-3s, and antioxidants, with flaxseed close behind.

Sep 6 • 12:00 PM EDT • Health • realsimple.com

When Distress Has No Name: Re-thinking Mental-Health in Pakistan

Sangji uses one woman's story to show that emotional distress in Pakistan is shaped by patriarchy, poverty, trauma, and history, challenging individualised psychiatric diagnoses while advocating culturally grounded, systemic understandings of mental health.

Sep 6 • 9:00 AM EDT • Health • madinamerica.com

Connecticut doctors explain how social connection boosts health

“In terms of brain health socialization is like taking your brain to the gym,” said Dr. Kristina Zdanys, a psychiatrist at UConn Health.

Sep 6 • 5:00 AM EDT • Health • ctinsider.com

Greg Schiano “Believes” In Team After Blowout Loss. But Why?

Schiano somehow thinks that his team can turn it around moving forward.

Sep 4 • 7:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

YouTube Gold: Appalachian State Shocks The World

The Big Ten has been a football powerhouse for more than a century, and the main driving forces of that dominance have almost always been Ohio State and Michigan. Michigan Stadium, generally known as the Big House, seats 107,601, but they can squeeze in 115,000 on a big day when the fire Marshall’s not looking. […]

Sep 3 • 6:19 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Dr. Brown: Is it time for science's veterans to step aside?

"Senior researchers sometimes have advantages," writes Dr. William Brown, "However, those same laboratories can be stifling for budding young scientists who challenge traditional views and are open to fresh ideas."

Sep 2 • 8:38 PM EDT • Science • niagaranow.com

Lori Harris named Chief Nursing Officer of Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital

As CNO,Harris will be the senior nursing leader at VPH, overseeing nursing operations and helping shape the hospital’s strategic direction.

Sep 2 • 5:34 PM EDT • Health • news.vumc.org

Mental health conditions after trauma linked to higher cardiovascular risk

Research Highlights: A large study in Denmark suggests that people who were diagnosed with a variety of psychiatric disorders after traumatic events were more likely to have increased future cardiovascular risks, such as non-fatal heart attack and...

Sep 1 • 8:00 PM EDT • Health • newsroom.heart.org

Clancy trial sparks need for postpartum mental health care education, expert says

With the spotlight on postpartum mental health amid the Lindsay Clancy trial, the medical director of Allegheny Health Network’s Women’s Behavioral Health Clinic said many people are “suffering in silence” from postpartum depression and psychosis. Dr. Ewurama Sackey, a psychiatrist, is director of the clinic within AHN’s Psychiatry and Behavioral

Sep 1 • 5:01 AM EDT • Health • triblive.com

Jiri Prochazka Teases UFC Fight News

Former UFC light heavyweight champion Jiri Prochazka is teasing fight news ahead of a potential return to the Octagon later this year.Prochazka last fought at UFC 327 in April, when he was knocked out by Carlos Ulberg in a failed bid to recapture the UFC light heavyweight title.The Czechia native has been linked to several […] The post Jiri Prochazka Teases UFC Fight News appeared first on HEAVY.

Aug 31 • 11:29 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Vicariously hike the Appalachian in the gorgeous A Trail Tale

A Trail Tale is an interactive trail journal inspired by Sierra point-and-click adventures and Oregon Trail.

Aug 29 • 4:59 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com

This Appalachian memoir author is running as a Democratic contrast to JD Vance

Beth Macy is challenging Rep. Ben Cline in a bright-red Virginia district, hoping her own story and the stories she told about the region will win back rural and working-class White voters.

Aug 29 • 5:00 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com

Lindsay Clancy trial: Psychiatrist resigns after testimony

Dr. Avram Mack, a psychiatrist who worked in the behavioral health department with Nemours Children’s Health in Delaware, resigned Monday,

Aug 28 • 11:20 PM EDT • Health • bostonglobe.com

Delaware psychiatrist who testified in Lindsay Clancy case resigns from Nemours, health system says

Avram Mack testified on Friday, Aug. 21, and Monday, Aug. 24, as a prosecution rebuttal witness in the nationally watched case against Clancy.

Aug 28 • 4:47 PM EDT • Health • inquirer.com

Rutgers Great & Fan Favorite Joins Coaching Staff

Adam Korsak will work on Greg Schiano’s staff.

Aug 28 • 7:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Cup of ambition: How Dolly Parton’s business empire transformed her corner of Appalachia

First came “9 to 5.” Then came the business empire, rooted in the place Dolly Parton called home.

Aug 27 • 6:30 AM EDT • Business • cnn.com

Lindsay Clancy case: Closing arguments begin as experts divided over mental health

Closing arguments begin in the Lindsay Clancy murder trial as the jury prepares to weigh her mental state. Forensic psychiatrist Dr. Daniel Bober joins 'Fox & Friends First' to weigh in on the case.

Aug 27 • 6:23 AM EDT • Health • foxnews.com

North Carolinians Continue to Trust Elections Close to Home More Than Elections Across the Nation, Catawba College-YouGov Survey Finds

Catawba College is ranked #4 among the best colleges in the South. Located in historic Salisbury, NC, it is a private, coeducational liberal arts college established in 1851. Our mission is to enrich the educational experiences of students and to prepare them for productive, meaningful lives of purpose. Our campus consists of over 30 buildings on 276 acres, a beautiful blend of neogothic architecture set on a shaded hillside adjacent to its own ecological preserve. We are just two hours from the Appalachian Mountains and four hours away from some of the best beaches on the Atlantic Coast.

Aug 25 • 12:50 PM EDT • Politics • twitter.com

Rutgers Football: Greg Schiano Gives Latest Update On QB Battle

Schiano and his staff inch closer and closer to naming a starter.

Aug 22 • 5:57 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

‘Reading Rainbow’ Host Mychal Threets Shares Health Update After ‘5-Day Psychiatric Hold,’ Says Doctors ‘Saved My Life’

Mychal Threets revealed in a video on Threads on Aug. 22 that he was hospitalized for five days on a ‘psychiatric hold’ and thanked medical staff for saving his life.

Aug 22 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • people.com

How Common Are Mental Health Difficulties in Female Patients With Fragile X Syndrome?

This study highlights a high level of psychiatric vulnerability in females with FXS.

Aug 21 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • docwirenews.com

Endometriosis diagnosis linked to long-lasting mental health burden

Women who are later diagnosed with endometriosis have a markedly higher use of antidepressant and anxiety medication and are far more often in contact with psychiatric hospital departments than other ...

Aug 20 • 6:00 AM EDT • Health • medicalxpress.com

Medicaid Psychotherapy Spending Up 156%

This is an exclusive BHB+ article Medicaid spending on core psychotherapy services has more than doubled from 2018 to 2024, according to Behavioral Health

Aug 19 • 3:46 PM EDT • Business • bhbusiness.com

JPS Health Network to Mark One Year in New Psychiatric Emergency Center Location

The new JPS Psychiatric Emergency Center offers patients an expanded, easy to access space intentionally designed with solace and comfort in mind.

Aug 19 • 2:55 PM EDT • Health • essentialhospitals.org

Maternal mental health in focus following Lindsay Clancy murder trial

The Lindsay Clancy trial highlights the critical issue of maternal mental health. Forensic psychiatrist Dr. Daniel Bober joins to discuss postpartum depression, its hidden dangers and symptoms to watch out for.

Aug 18 • 6:02 AM EDT • Health • foxnews.com

Why women with ADHD feel overwhelmingly 'controlled' by their hormones

People with ADHD are unusually sensitive to hormone shifts. Psychiatrists have started to pay attention, creating strategies to address the intense emotions and cognitive challenges caused by these changes

Aug 17 • 11:00 AM EDT • Health • newscientist.com

Before Abrupt Ouster, Oregon State Hospital’s Chief Flagged Staffing Problems, Union Says

The Oregon Health Authority fired Sean Murphy from leadership at the vital, much scrutinized state-run psychiatric hospital, just four weeks into a tenure that began July 13.

Aug 16 • 9:38 AM EDT • Health • wweek.com

'The family we've become': The people behind the fair's entertainment

For more than 30 years, Aaron Hamilton has worked with teams behind the scenes to make sure the main stage acts were the highlight of the yearly Appalachian Fair.

Aug 15 • 1:30 PM EDT • Entertainment • johnsoncitypress.com

When is a mental health crisis too severe for telehealth? Warning signs families shouldn't ignore

Lindsay Clancy's psychiatrist had 14 virtual visits but never met her in person, raising questions about telehealth mental health treatment limits.

Aug 13 • 11:01 PM EDT • Health • foxnews.com

A stress hormone may help the brain repair itself

A surprising stress-related signal may help the brain repair itself after injury. Researchers found that myelin-producing precursor cells rapidly release the stress hormone CRH near damaged brain tissue, helping control how those cells mature and rebuild protective nerve insulation. The same system also influences brain development and the thickness of myelin later in life. The findings could offer new clues about how early-life stress contributes to psychiatric disorders.

Aug 13 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • sciencedaily.com

As back-to-school season begins, MU Health psychiatrist shares tips on child anxiety

MU Health Care psychiatrist Dr. Laine Young Walker discussed why childhood anxiety exists and how parents can support their kids and look for signs of anxiety.

Aug 13 • 3:22 PM EDT • Health • krcgtv.com

UVA Health elevates Dr. Nassima Ait-Daoud Tiouririne from interim to permanent Dept. of Psychiatry chair

The UVA Health career provider has led the effort to serve unhoused at The Haven.

Aug 13 • 6:45 AM EDT • Health • cvillerightnow.com

Apple's 2026 Back to School Offer is Now Live Across Europe

Apple's annual Back to School promotion is now live in the United Kingdom and 18 other European countries: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey. The European launch follows the company's back-to-school promotion rollout in the United States and several other regions and territories last month.

Aug 13 • 4:42 AM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com

The Lindsay Clancy case shows the limits of postpartum psychiatry

“Our understanding and treatment of postpartum psychiatric illnesses remain profoundly inadequate,” experts write.

Aug 12 • 10:51 AM EDT • Science • statnews.com

The Lindsay Clancy case shows the limits of postpartum psychiatry

“Our understanding and treatment of postpartum psychiatric illnesses remain profoundly inadequate,” experts write.

Aug 12 • 10:51 AM EDT • Health • statnews.com

How Many Steps To Walk For Better Mental Health, Per Psychiatrist

In TODAY.com’s Expert Tip of the Day, a psychiatrist offers her simple prescription for improving mental health with walking, which can reduce depression and anxiety.

Aug 12 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • today.com

'Blue Bloods' star Jennifer Esposito says she was locked in psych ward as health battle spiraled

Jennifer Esposito reveals how celiac disease caused liver failure, a psychiatric ward stay and thoughts of suicide before doctors finally diagnosed her.

Aug 11 • 12:14 PM EDT • Health • foxnews.com

Formulogic Debuts in Singapore with Science-Driven Barrier Care for Southeast Asia's Sensitive Skin

Formulogic, a science- and evidence-driven dermocosmetic brand dedicated to sensitive skin, developed through dermatological research and clinical validation, officially debuted in Singapore at CONNEX-C Asia 2026, jointly organized by Society of Cosmetic Scientists (Singapore) (SCSS) and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, unveiling its evidence-based barrier care philosophy and a comprehensive skincare system designed specifically for Southeast Asia's unique climate and skin concerns.

Aug 11 • 5:04 AM EDT • Science • finance.yahoo.com

Woman’s Perinatal Mental Health Unit leads a new approach to maternal mental health

The Perinatal Mental Health Unit at Woman’s Hospital is being honored with a Community Impact Award for its work establishing mental health care for pregnant and postpartum women. The award is part of Business Report’s inaugural Excellence in Healthcare Awards. The hospital opened the Perinatal Mental Health Unit, Louisiana’s first inpatient psychiatric unit dedicated exclusively […]

Aug 10 • 3:48 PM EDT • Health • businessreport.com

UNCW Business School Students Travel to Prague for Real-Life Consulting Experience by David Glew

This article was contributed by Kestrel Smoot, International Programs Coordinator for UNCW’s Cameron School of Business. During the most recent spring semester, 33 upper-level finance and marketing students from the UNCW’s Cameron School of Business traveled to Prague, Czechia, to participate in an intensive international consulting project. Unlike traditional study-abroad programs, the Prague consultancy project focuses on real client engagement. Each year’s project is entirely new, designed through collaboration between faculty and industry partners to identify a current business challenge that students will address. This year, students worked with MAMS-Champi, a Czech non-alcoholic beverage company that is seeking to expand into other global markets. Throughout the first half of the semester, students attend class at UNCW and prepare for their time abroad by conducting preliminary research, developing analytical frameworks, and organizing themselves into specialized teams responsible for tasks such as marketing strategy, industry analysis, consumer segmentation, and competitive evaluation. The course emphasizes independence and teamwork, requiring students to take ownership of their work, manage deadlines, and collaborate across functional groups. Additionally, faculty serve as advisors, allowing students to navigate the complexities of the project much as they would in a professional consulting environment. Once in Prague, students met with company leadership, toured facilities, and refined their recommendations based on real-time feedback. The in-person component is widely regarded as the most transformative aspect of the program because students must synthesize weeks of work into a cohesive presentation and deliver it to the client, demonstrating professionalism, strategic thinking, and adaptability. Beyond the consulting work, students participated in cultural and educational activities that broadened their understanding of global business environments. They explored Prague’s historic districts, learned about Czech culture, and engaged with local professionals. These experiences helped students understand how economic, regulatory, and social factors shape market opportunities. The Prague consultancy project stands as a defining example of the Cameron School of Business’s commitment to experiential learning, consistently strengthening students’ confidence, enhancing their resumes, and serving as a focal point in job interviews. Employers recognize the value of the hands-on experience and transferable skills students gain, underscoring the program’s role in preparing industry-ready graduates for today’s fast-moving business landscape.

Aug 10 • 8:00 AM EDT • Business • wilmingtonbiz.com

Robert Carradine’s family accuses UCLA of wrongful death and elder abuse in lawsuit

Robert Carradine’s family has filed a lawsuit against UCLA alleging wrongful death and elder abuse, claiming several points of protocol were broken during his stay at the Resnick Neuropsychiatric Hospital.

Aug 9 • 10:40 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com

Hancock County's Gladson Family Band playing in K'ville

KNOXVILLE — The Gladson Family Band will bring traditional Appalachian music to the Knoxville Smokies’ Tennessee Night celebration on Saturday, Aug. 15, with performances before the game and again following

Aug 8 • 4:30 PM EDT • Entertainment • therogersvillereview.com

Michiana’s first comprehensive wellness facility opens in Granger

Longevity Health is about offering a multitude of health and wellness services for every individual in the community.

Aug 8 • 3:42 PM EDT • Health • wndu.com

New Study: Black Lung Disease Rate in Appalachia Is the Worst in Nearly 50 Years as Coal Miner Protections Stall | FRONTLINE | PBS | Official Site

It’s now as bad as the 1970s, with thousands of miners sick and dying.

Aug 5 • 4:00 AM EDT • Health • pbs.org

The Beauty Of Settled Science

Commenters convinced me I made a subtle mis-step in my framing of Psychology Research Is Mostly Fine. My framing emphasized that social priming studies had failed to replicate, but that many other subfields of psychology hadn’t. This naturally led commenters to point to failed replications in other subfields. Although none of these were as bad as social priming, few or none were entirely problem-free. Instead of emphasizing the difference between social priming and other subfields, I should have emphasized the difference between settled science and novel research. Here are some of my favorite psychology findings: The brain is sculpted by reinforcement learning, and a key driver of this learning is a prediction-error-based algorithm located in the nucleus accumbens and implemented through dopamine. Psychedelic drugs exert their effects through 5-HT2A receptors, pointing to a role for these receptors in some sort of construct like the balance between priors and new evidence. Certain cognitive functions are localized to certain brain areas (for example, impulse control to the frontal lobes; linguistic structure to Broca’s area, linguistic meaning to Wernicke’s area. But injure one of these areas, or render a certain function useless (eg a blind person having no more use for their visual cortex), and these mappings can gradually shift - suggesting that neurons are general-purpose compute whose specialization is a contingent fact about convenience and efficiency rather than a necessity. Most personality traits and general capabilities are about 50% genetic and 50% random, with little role for family environment or childhood history, with a few notable exceptions like partisan preference. Recent research complicates this story, but the further you go from this basic picture, the gnarlier the chains of indirect causation you require. Neurons fire together in “brain waves”, whose exact frequency corresponds with the character of consciousness; These divide neurons into natural subpopulations and linked graphs. The gamma rhythm corresponds surprisingly well to items in conscious awareness. GABA receptors seem to be involved in something like relaxation. By hitting different GABA receptors in different ways, you can modulate the exact type of relaxation you produce. Hitting GABA-A directly is too powerful and can cause dangerous levels of sedation, but allosteric modulation of GABA is an incredibly fruitful strategy that underlies drugs from benzos to barbituates to alcohol. If you know your GABA-A subunits, you can target specific subtypes of relaxation; for example, Ambien hits GABA-A1 and induces sleep. Memory divides somewhat fuzzily into bins of immediate-sensory, short-term, and long-term, with separate retrieval and storage functions, and separate systems for declarative vs. procedural learning. These can be harmed selectively, usually by hippocampal injury, so that some patients can remember their life stories but not form new long-term memories, or learn new skills like bike-riding but not new facts. The exact substrate of memory is unclear but seems to involve new synaptic connections between neurons in at least some way. The ability of modern psychology and psychiatry to treat mental illness is real but limited. SSRIs work for half or slightly fewer than half of patients; antipsychotics work with extreme side effects; benzodiazpines work but produce addiction and tolerance in many (not all) people. Most supplements are stuck in Poor Quality Study Replication Crisis Hell, but melatonin and l-theanine stand out as especially promising. Psychotherapy works with moderate effect size, but (with a few exceptions) seems to be more about the relationship with the provider than the details of the therapy itself. Mental hospitalization can sometimes defuse immediate crises but work less well than mental hospitals would like, with some studies showing overall negative effects. Schizophrenia is mostly genetic, but risk also increases with prenatal infection (especially rubella) and obstetric complications; there is suggestive evidence for roles of social stress and drug use (with psychedelics and marijuana making things worse, and nicotine if anything making things better). Bipolar and schizophrenia are so closely linked on a pathophysiological level that it seems like they might be the same disease; on the clinical level, they do seem to follow two separate courses/prognoses but can sometimes surprise clinicians by eg someone who seemed condemned to permanent schizophrenia unexpectedly recovering. The brain’s native reinforcement learning algorithms cash out in the phenomena of classical and operant conditioning; different reinforcement schedules reinforce at different levels, which can be exploited by bad actors to make especially compelling products (eg slot machines). None of these are immune to doubt. A few are speculative; one or two are genuinely unorthodox. But they’re all a step above one p = 0.049 paper that might not replicate. If they get overturned, they’ll be overturned by the same sort of genuine scientific shift that replaced Ptolemy with Copernicus or Lamarck with Darwin, not some sort of sordid discovery about someone entering random numbers into a spreadsheet. In 2008, Eliezer Yudkowsky wrote about The Beauty Of Settled Science: If you only care about scientific issues that are controversial, you will end up with a head stuffed full of garbage. The media thinks that only the cutting edge of science is worth reporting on. How often do you see headlines like “General Relativity still governing planetary orbits” or “Phlogiston theory remains false”? So, by the time anything is solid science, it is no longer a breaking headline. “Newsworthy” science is often based on the thinnest of evidence and wrong half the time—if it were not on the uttermost fringes of the scientific frontier, it would not be breaking news. Scientific controversies are problems so difficult that even people who’ve spent years mastering the field can still fool themselves. That’s what makes for the heated arguments that attract all the media attention. Worse, if you aren’t in the field and part of the game, controversies aren’t even fun. Don’t be embarrassed to read elementary science textbooks, either. If you want to pretend to be sophisticated, go find a play to sneer at. If you just want to have fun, remember that simplicity is at the core of scientific beauty [...] A steady diet of science news is bad for you: You are what you eat, and if you eat only science reporting on fluid situations, without a solid textbook now and then, your brain will turn to liquid. Psychology isn’t centrally the new paper in Annals Of Recently-Breaking News saying that an n=5 study showing that large portion sizes increase support for terrorism. Psychology is centrally ideas like brain waves, GABA receptors, reinforcement learning, twin studies, and connectionism. People who think differently are worrying too much about BREAKING NEWS!!!, and should stop. The key distinction isn’t “recent research in social psychology” vs. “recent research in cognitive/bio/behavioral psychology”, as my essay last week unfortunately implied. It’s recent research in general vs. the deposit of settled science, battle-tested hypotheses, and carefully-earmarked speculation. And part of the reason social priming in particular was such a disaster was that it defied that heuristic, building itself up over hundreds of studies until it approached or even entered the pantheon of settled science - before collapsing (5-HTTLPR was also sort of like this). This isn’t a claim that settled science is always right - Freud was “settled science” for a long time - just that there’s an intuitive distinction between the level of credence you should have in the existence of power posing vs. the existence of Broca’s Area. (I compounded this error by calling the last post “Psychology Research Is Mostly Fine”, which suggested I was talking about the new research rather than the settled science. I actually meant to distinguish between research-psychology-the-field vs. clinical-psychology-aka-therapy, but this framing unintentionally pushed against the point I wanted to make) Some commenters on the previous article understood this point, but challenged its weight. It’s very cool, they said, to know how many neurons are in which brain lobe, but the main way that Psychology affected their lives was through bad clickbait studies used to buttress dumb policies; some p = 0.049 study says that exposure to microaggressions makes minorities’ brains shrivel into raisins, and now their company has to implement punitive DEI or be sued for hazardous work conditions. I won’t dispute this as an accurate description of how the sausage gets made, but it’s worth examining the trains of thought that connect this observation to a campaign against psychology in general: The dumb woke psychology was wrong and bad, and I don’t have good heuristics for distinguishing dumb woke psychology from other psychology, so I’m going to assume it’s all wrong and bad. The dumb woke psychology was wrong and bad; it seems useful to punish/discredit psychology as a whole to assist my campaign against it, so for propaganda purposes I will try to discredit psychology as a whole. To people in the first camp, my response is: come on, your heuristics aren’t that bad. “Microaggressions makes minorities’ brains shrivel up like raisins” is in the woke category; “the hippocampal theta rhythm seems to be associated with both memory and pathfinding, suggesting an unexpected yet surprisingly compelling relationship between the two” is in the not-woke category, don’t play dumb here. To people in the second camp, my response is: deliberately exaggerated propaganda campaigns are bad and this is a confession, not an excuse. Inability to view science through anything but a political lens was what got us into this problem; doubling down on it is a temporary solution but a recipe for permanent disaster. If you pronounce entire fields of science to be acceptable collateral damage in your campaign against bad political actors, you will alienate not just scientists but patients, clinicians, and general lovers of truth. Instead, you can say the thing you mean - that woke partisans shouldn’t try to occupy and exploit the otherwise-noble science of psychology for their own political gain - and wage the same campaign with a halo rather than a comic-book-villain goatee. From the font of oracular wisdom that is Weird Sun Twitter: [ Vessel Of Spirit@VesselOfSpirit i love you all conditionally but i love the good part of you unconditionally. even if it becomes a very small part 2:11 AM · Jan 22, 2015 1 Reply · 5 Reposts · 29 Likes ](https://x.com/VesselOfSpirit/status/558084551772471298) This is how I feel about psychology1, too, but with a touch more optimism. The good part of psychology is enormous, a hoard of endless treasures. You just have to look past the headlines! 1 To play devil’s advocate - should one always be so magnamious? Astrology? Phrenology? These seem different in that their entire orientation was flawed from the start; they didn’t simply fail to find the correct constellation-personality connections, the whole project of searching for connections between constellations and personality was doomed from the start. More difficult might be asking the same question about education research, which is notoriously bad. I don’t know enough about education research to know if there’s some settled science of correct and enlightening results lurking in the background beyond the day-to-day froth of poorly-conducted and politically-motivated studies. I think if it’s 90% bad, 10% good, it’s correct to call it bad as a compact way of communicating a useful truth; I think psychology is better than that, but admit it’s a tough judgment call.

Aug 4 • 5:33 PM EDT • Science • astralcodexten.com

Women’s health psychiatrist says she ‘100%’ believes that Lindsay Clancy experienced postpartum psychosis

Aug 4 • 2:10 PM EDT • Health • cnn.com

East meets Appalachia at Bagaduce Music House Party

Indian-roots fusion duo Aditi Sethi and Jay Brown will perform at the Second Wednesday House Party at Bagaduce Music on Wednesday, Aug. 12.

Aug 3 • 12:00 PM EDT • Entertainment • ellsworthamerican.com

Augusta Health Announces Internal Medicine Residents Class of 2029

New Psychiatry Residency Program Approved to Help Meet Growing Behavioral Health Needs FISHERSVILLE, VIRGINIA — Augusta Health is proud to welcome its third class of Internal Medicine residents. On July 1, fifteen new resident physicians began their training, continuing Augusta Health’s commitment to developing the next generation of healthcare providers for our community. The new […]

Aug 3 • 10:58 AM EDT • Health • augustahealth.com

How Friendships Can Benefit the Health of Your Mind and Body

Strong friendships have many benefits for the mind and body, including reducing the risk of chronic illness, so board-certified psychiatrist and author Sue Varma stops by TODAY to share her expert tips for making friends. She explains that it can take “50 hours to make a regular, casual friend” and up to “200 hours to make a bestie,” so she recommends showing up to places consistently, making small plans, being vulnerable, and focusing on “being interested versus interesting.”

Aug 3 • 10:00 AM EDT • Health • today.com

Could a change in diet improve mental health? Metabolic psychiatry, explained.

Patients rave about how the keto diet has helped ease mental health symptoms. The data are limited, but encouraging.

Aug 2 • 8:00 PM EDT • Health • nationalgeographic.com

West Virginia's Mercer County is truly Appalachian

As you explore possible vacation destinations, Mercer County, West Virginia, may not automatically come to mind. But once you visit, you will be glad you did. Mercer County is located

Aug 2 • 11:11 AM EDT • Entertainment • fredericknewspost.com

Kids receive screenings, supplies and more at Asheville back-to-school health fair

In Asheville, Appalachian Mountain Health helped get young ones ready for school.

Aug 1 • 7:43 PM EDT • Health • wlos.com

UNCW Business School Students Travel to Prague for Real-Life Consulting Experience by Robert Burrus

This article was contributed by Kestrel Smoot, International Programs Coordinator for UNCW’s Cameron School of Business. During the most recent spring semester, 33 upper-level finance and marketing students from the UNCW’s Cameron School of Business traveled to Prague, Czechia, to participate in an intensive international consulting project. Unlike traditional study-abroad programs, the Prague consultancy project focuses on real client engagement. Each year’s project is entirely new, designed through collaboration between faculty and industry partners to identify a current business challenge that students will address. This year, students worked with MAMS-Champi, a Czech non-alcoholic beverage company that is seeking to expand into other global markets. Throughout the first half of the semester, students attend class at UNCW and prepare for their time abroad by conducting preliminary research, developing analytical frameworks, and organizing themselves into specialized teams responsible for tasks such as marketing strategy, industry analysis, consumer segmentation, and competitive evaluation. The course emphasizes independence and teamwork, requiring students to take ownership of their work, manage deadlines, and collaborate across functional groups. Additionally, faculty serve as advisors, allowing students to navigate the complexities of the project much as they would in a professional consulting environment. Once in Prague, students met with company leadership, toured facilities, and refined their recommendations based on real-time feedback. The in-person component is widely regarded as the most transformative aspect of the program because students must synthesize weeks of work into a cohesive presentation and deliver it to the client, demonstrating professionalism, strategic thinking, and adaptability. Beyond the consulting work, students participated in cultural and educational activities that broadened their understanding of global business environments. They explored Prague’s historic districts, learned about Czech culture, and engaged with local professionals. These experiences helped students understand how economic, regulatory, and social factors shape market opportunities. The Prague consultancy project stands as a defining example of the Cameron School of Business’s commitment to experiential learning, consistently strengthening students’ confidence, enhancing their resumes, and serving as a focal point in job interviews. Employers recognize the value of the hands-on experience and transferable skills students gain, underscoring the program’s role in preparing industry-ready graduates for today’s fast-moving business landscape.

Jul 31 • 8:00 PM EDT • Business • wilmingtonbiz.com

Machias Select Board approves liquor license for virtual sports business despite neighbors’ concerns

North Street residents object to a "bar" in their neighborhood, but town officials say a lack of zoning leaves them few grounds to deny it.

Jul 31 • 12:53 PM EDT • Business • yahoo.com

Opinion: Colorado can learn from more than 250 years of Army medicine, especially when it comes to mental healthcare

As an Army psychiatrist and chair of behavioral health at Denver Health, I know we can take lessons from military to help solve Colorado’s current crisis.

Jul 31 • 3:30 AM EDT • Health • coloradosun.com

'Worth a conversation': Inside Florida's recommendations for treating mental health in children

Family medicine physician Dr. Jessica Gray discusses Florida's new guidance advising against immediate psychiatric medication for most children on ‘Fox & Friends.’

Jul 30 • 7:01 PM EDT • Health • foxnews.com

After Hobbes vs Rousseau: Politics must move beyond human nature

Since the great debate between Hobbes and Rousseau, our political theory has been organised around a single question: is human nature essentially good or essentially corrupt? Graham Harman, the philosopher behind object-oriented ontology, argues that this is simply the wrong question to be asking. The real forces governing our collective fate - climate change, artificial intelligence, geography, and pandemics - are non-human; therefore, questions about human nature are not the central ones. Instead, Harman proposes a politics reorganised around our relationship to non-human objects and environments, in which quasi-government institutions incentivise and deter actions with the aim of extending the survival of the human race. “It is easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism.” This has become one of the most popular phrases among twenty-first-century intellectuals. Often misattributed to Fredric Jameson, it has been warmly embraced by such influential authors as Slavoj Žižek and the tragically departed Mark Fisher, and has fueled the notion that the major problem with the political Left is that it simply needs to become more speculative and creative. Naturally, this is never a bad idea in any human pursuit. But what if the political distinction between Left, Right, and Center itself results from a failure of imagination? SUGGESTED READING Hobbes vs Rousseau: are we inherently evil? By Robin Douglass This particular division has been with us only since the summer of 1789. During the simmering prelude to the French Revolution, it referred originally to the physical position in the National Assembly of radical figures on one side and loyal monarchists on the other. These positions are linked with two entirely different camps of modern political theory. On the Left we find a series of authors ranging from the moderate (Locke) to the supercharged (Rousseau) to the truly radical (Marx), all of them contending that exploitation of the many by the few justifies revolutionary overthrow of the existing order. On the Right they are countered by the likes of Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Schmitt, a group of thinkers convinced that corrupt human nature can be tamed only by force. In the words of the Nazi supporter Schmitt: “One could test all theories of nature and state and political ideas according to their anthropology and classify these as to whether they consciously or unconsciously presuppose [humans] to be by nature evil or by nature good.” This is the division we continue to face today, even in the daily retail politics of Western democracies.___Our species has regularly proven itself capable of both the noblest gestures and the most scathing cruelties, making it hard to define us as essentially either emancipatory or brutal in our aims.___The most refreshing feature of David Graeber and David Wengrow’s 2021 book The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity was their awareness that the forced choice between Rousseau and Hobbes (as they put it) is no longer sufficient. Our species has regularly proven itself capable of both the noblest gestures and the most scathing cruelties, making it hard to define us as essentially either emancipatory or brutal in our aims. Far from being stationed “beyond good and evil,” we seem to be fully entangled with both. We are not naturally good or evil, Graeber and Wengrow contend, but naturally experimental and imaginative. They rest their case on the archaeological record, which seems to bear witness to numerous episodes of seasonally shifting governments and festivals, which vacillate in the same society (even in the same year) between the egalitarian and the dictatorial. Such praise of political experiment makes a good fit with the generally anarchist position defended by these authors. Yet it is also what I find most disappointing in their position. Although they are right that the forced choice between Hobbes and Rousseau falls short of what our new situation requires, the authors simply replace it with praise for the human being as a political tinkerer and performer. In other words, they give us just another theory of human nature, one that would not have been out of place in the sixteenth or seventeenth century. What other options might we have?___The time is ripe for a retheorization of politics on the basis of something other than human nature… We are not just alienated and limited by objects, but also empowered and unleashed by them___One fresh approach would be to treat politics within a broader framework than human nature, given that the polis does not exist in a vacuum filled exclusively with people. When Bruno Latour went to observe the baboons of Kenya with the San Diego anthropologist Shirley Strum, they jointly concluded that these primates were more socially interdependent than our own species. Each baboon is so reliant on the dynamics of the group that they find themselves locked into constant surveillance of their potentially dangerous peers. The group structure turns out to be inherently volatile. Humans, by contrast, are able to stabilize their societies to a large degree through the mediation of inanimate objects. Although one’s position in society may seem to fluctuate over time, considerable stability is produced through such items as apartment keys, wedding rings, and identification cards, all of them serving to secure us a place distinct from that of our fellows. The Italian philosopher Maurizio Ferraris has written at length about the crucial role of documents in establishing social relations, making him a hero among notaries in his country. Proper names and license plates cement our position amidst other humans, as do symbolic achievements such as graduation from a top university or distinguished wartime service with its various medals and ribbons. None of this is found among baboons, despite their closeness to us on the evolutionary tree: after all, we did share a common ancestor just 25 to 30 million years ago. SUGGESTED VIEWING The goodness paradox With Richard Wrangham The time is ripe for a retheorization of politics on the basis of something other than human nature, whether understood in the manner of the Left or of the Right. We are not just alienated and limited by objects, but also empowered and unleashed by them. But initially, it is true, we face non-human things primarily in the form of constraints. It would be difficult, perhaps impossible, to form a human civilization underwater, deep underground, atop Mount Everest, or in outer space. Human dependence on the non-social background takes on subtler form in discussions of political geography, especially unloved on the more idealistic Left. Consider the luckless position of Poland during World War II, sandwiched between Hitler on one side and Stalin on the other. By contrast, note the good fortune of the United States in not having a military peer positioned on any land border. Anglo-American geopolitics, since the writings of the American naval commander Alfred Thayer Mahan and the British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder, has been wedded to the notion that one or more liberal offshore naval powers should prevent any authoritarian “heartland” regime from gaining effective control of Eurasia. That remains the case whether the opponent is the impatient Napoleon, the swashbuckling German Kaiser, the villainous Hitler, the murderous Stalin, or the industrial juggernaut Chinese. In their current Foreign Affairs article “Heartland vs. Rimland,” Michael Beckley and Hal Brands analyze the current and coming state of the world on the basis of these same rather durable principles. In recent years a similar outlook has been embraced, in inverted form, by the Putin-loving Russian philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, an icon of the Rightist intellectual underworld. For Dugin, the Anglo-Saxons are an evil force bent on destroying the spiritually superior people of the land: much like Athens in its failed war with Sparta, or Carthage in its eventual collapse against Rome. But the shared notion on both sides is that any strategy that fails to take geography into account is likely to end up as a defeated form of excessive optimism.___When dealing with environmental degradation, then, we are doing business with forces that promise dire effects on our species as a whole.___More striking for us today than geography is the non-human object called climate, which threatens rimland and heartland equally. Even if we contend that humans are one hundred percent responsible for triggering the climate crisis, it remains non-human in the sense of being an independent force beyond our effective control. In a major work published just before his death in 2002, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, the American paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould noted the tendency of evolutionary theorists to focus too closely on the fate of individuals in view of their successful or failed adaptation to circumstances. With climate change, however, we confront a force that goes well beyond the scope of any individual life. Whereas Richard Dawkins extended evolutionary questions downward from individuals to the sub-individual gene, Gould pushed it upward, speaking of entire species or clades as impacted by environmental change. The asteroid that struck the Yucatán 66 million years ago is only the most famous example of this sort. In the wake of that catastrophe, large animals needing abundant supplies of food were at a fatal disadvantage by contrast with the smaller birds and mammals of the planet. When dealing with environmental degradation, then, we are doing business with forces that promise dire effects on our species as a whole. The effect is to shift our attention away from individual beings towards the survival of the group.In the United States in particular, the COVID-19 pandemic sparked considerable backlash among those who asserted a nearly absolute degree of individual freedom. In California I encountered those who demanded that their businesses be allowed to reopen, that it was enough to cover their mouths but not their noses, or that they should have the right to enter any public area despite refusing vaccination. Yet public health is probably the clearest argument against libertarianism, which often merely asserts the autonomy of individuals against any claims of the commons. In normal times the individual is worth defending; under conditions that threaten the survival of part or all of our species, compulsion may be our only resort, as with perfectly reasonable blackouts and rations in wartime. To rebuild human society under the constraints of climate change will be one of the great challenges of the century to come, as will our improvised grappling with artificial intelligence. Such phenomena pose existential risks for humanity, and leave far less room for tolerance of individual brattiness. Cases are mounting of devastating wildfires caused by arson. Recently it was reported that there is even a website where one can bet on the location of coming wildfires, raising the specter of deliberate blazes set to collect on wagers. The death penalty has steadily lost support in a world where many stress the infinite value of human life. But if we focus instead on entire ecosystems, those who purposely burn the forests may begin to look worse than serial murderers.___The politics of the future may be splintered by disagreement over such topics as how to manage our environing background and how to permit or restrict the entry of new objects into the political sphere.___So far I have spoken of force, authority, and punishment: measures sure to have greater appeal to those who identify with what we know as the Right. But other implications of the post-anthropocentric world are likely to have different backers. If non-human objects are seen as structuring political space, it stands to reason that they can no longer be introduced solely by the pace of technical breakthrough. Fields ranging from cybernetics to energy will demand increased politicization once they are reconceived not just as products of individual human investment, but as renovations of collective political geography. This need not involve world government, with its inherent risk of tyranny, but may involve quasi-governmental enforcers of prestige along the lines of a less corrupt FIFA or International Olympic Committee, punishing deviant states not with violence but with less tangible incentives.Politics will never lose its historic links with conflict and faction. But rather than factions aligned by differing theories of human nature, the politics of the future may be splintered by disagreement over such topics as how to manage our environing background and how to permit or restrict the entry of new objects into the political sphere. This will prove just as incommensurable with the modern Left/Right spectrum as a globe is with a two-dimensional map.

Jul 30 • 8:00 AM EDT • Politics • iai.tv

Weston business owner weathers the storm, barely

Appalachian Glass owner Chip Turner said flood waters came to within one inch from entering his building.

Jul 29 • 4:11 PM EDT • Business • wvmetronews.com

As political giving mounted, lawmakers backed mental health center

The Katie Blessing Center will provide much-needed psychiatric beds for kids. But campaign donations tied to its backers are drawing scrutiny.

Jul 29 • 5:00 AM EDT • Health • northcarolinahealthnews.org

The Business Of Grief: A Psychiatrist's Guide For Leaders

A psychiatrist explains what leaders get wrong about grief at work, why presence beats platitudes, and how to support grieving employees through loss and recovery

Jul 28 • 11:11 PM EDT • Business • forbes.com