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NFL power rankings Week 5: No. 1 spot changes hands for third consecutive week
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Oct 6 • 5:11 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
‘Let Troy be Troy’: How Maine Democrats’ hope to beat Sen. Susan Collins is working to quiet doubters

As Democrats enter the homestretch of their longtime quest to defeat Maine GOP Sen. Susan Collins, they are placing their hope in a fifth-generation logger from the state’s rural north who speaks with a distinct Allagash accent, displays an apparent penchant for boba tea and has never been this close to the national spotlight before.

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Oct 6 • 5:00 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
College football has a failure addiction. And it's ruining the sport
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Oct 6 • 4:57 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
The Knicks have offered four years and approximately …

The Knicks have offered four years and approximately …

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Oct 6 • 4:44 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Terance Mann featured in 9.1% of trades built on …

Terance Mann featured in 9.1% of trades built on …

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Oct 6 • 4:44 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Democrats are taking big chunks of GOP voters in key Senate races, polls show

President Donald Trump has never had worse poll numbers with his base than he does ahead of the 2026 midterm elections.

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Oct 6 • 4:00 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
JJ Redick is impressed with how fit Luka Doncic is

The days of Luka Doncic seeming to be overweight and out of shape may be over.

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Oct 6 • 2:39 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
🙂 Positive (70%)
Kyle Pitts tallies season-high 47 yards receiving

Kyle Pitts surpassed his season-to-date totals in both receptions and yards against the Saints on Monday night.

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Oct 6 • 12:53 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Four errors bury Yankees as Rays carry 2-0 ALDS lead to the Bronx
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Oct 6 • 12:50 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Drake London paces Atlanta's passing attack in Week 4

Drake London led the team in both receptions and receiving yards against the New Orleans Saints on Monday night.

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Oct 6 • 12:33 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Robert Henry Jr. heads to Seattle

The Seattle Seahawks signed running back Robert Henry Jr. off of the practice squad of the Washington Commanders on Monday

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Oct 5 • 11:37 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Hall of Famer Jason Kidd close to joining ESPN as NBA analyst, per reports
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Oct 5 • 9:54 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Four Lakers players will miss Monday's preseason opener

The Lakers will be without four players when they open their 2026-27 preseason schedule on Monday.

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Oct 5 • 9:26 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Every Wyoming player drafted by the Golden State Warriors

Let's take a look at every player who has been drafted by the Warriors out of Wyoming.

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Oct 5 • 9:00 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Tyson Bagent to start in Week 5

Chicago Bears quarterback Tyson Bagent will start the Week 5 road game against the Green Bay Packers

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Oct 5 • 7:36 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
😐 Neutral (0%)
Lane Johnson update: Eagles have no timetable for his return

Nick Sirianni had no update on Lane Johnson, leaving the Eagles tackle’s status uncertain before their Week 5 trip to London

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Oct 5 • 7:28 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
😐 Neutral (0%)
Lawsuits accused flight service of taking customers' cash as charter business was failing financially
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Oct 5 • 6:53 PM EDT • Business • 9news.com
Paris Johnson Jr. to miss rest of season

Cardinals OT Paris Johnson Jr. will miss rest of 2026 because of injury

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Oct 5 • 6:45 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Sacramento entertainment spot tops list of best escape room in the United States

Three other California escape rooms also made the list by USA Today.

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Oct 5 • 6:35 PM EDT • Entertainment • sacbee.com
CeeDee Lamb takes part in practice

Cowboys WR CeeDee Lamb fully practices Monday despite injury

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Oct 5 • 6:25 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
New York declares first US measles disaster emergency since 2025 surge

New York Governor Kathy Hochul declared a statewide disaster emergency on Monday over a measles outbreak, the first such declaration by a U.S. state since cases ​began surging in 2025.

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Oct 5 • 6:05 PM EDT • Health • cnn.com
He says a nearby data center made it hard to breathe
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Oct 5 • 5:22 PM EDT • Health • usatoday.com
Chargers' Omarion Hampton numbers may shock you after four weeks

These Chargers running back Omarion Hampton's stats may surprise you over the first four weeks of the season.

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Oct 5 • 5:16 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Today in sports history

Today in sports history - December 4

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Oct 5 • 5:08 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Hamstring injury for Arden Key

Colts DE Arden Key injures hamstring and will likely miss time

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Oct 5 • 4:59 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Today in sports history

Today in sports history - December 2

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Oct 5 • 4:44 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Derrick Harmon placed on Injured Reserve

Steelers DT Derrick Harmon placed on IR after Week 4 injury

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Oct 5 • 4:32 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Panthers RB expected to return after Week 5 bye

The Panthers are expecting the return of one of their injured RBs after the bye.

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Oct 5 • 4:14 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
What grade did CBS Sports give the Browns in Week 4?

The Browns did just enough to have a good grade according to CBS Sports.

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Oct 5 • 3:55 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Tee Higgins considered day-to-day

Bengals WR Tee Higgins uncertain for Week 5 because of injury

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Oct 5 • 3:52 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Sen. Tillis says his vote for Hegseth was 'biggest regret of my career' in new book

Republican Sen. Thom Tillis says in a new book that his deciding vote to confirm Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth in January 2025 is the “biggest regret of my career” and that he also “should’ve stopped” Robert F. Kennedy Jr. from becoming Health and Human Services secretary in the early days of President Donald Trump’s second term.

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Oct 5 • 3:40 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
🙂 Positive (35%)
Ja'Marr Chase in concussion protocol

Bengals WR Ja'Marr Chase in concussion protocol after leaving the Week 4 game early

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Oct 5 • 3:40 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Packers place former Georgia Bulldogs DL on injured reserve

The Green Bay Packers have suffered several key injuries on defense. Green Bay will be without former Georgia DL Warren Brinson for extended time

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Oct 5 • 3:34 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Lamar Jackson uncertain for Week 5

Ravens head coach Jesse Minter unsure about QB Lamar Jackson's Week 5 availability

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Oct 5 • 3:19 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
College volleyball rankings after Week 6: Updated AVCA Coaches Poll

Here's the latest AVCA Coaches Poll after the last week's worth of games during the 2026 women's college volleyball season.

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Oct 5 • 3:01 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
WATCH: Trump administration issues final rule on transparency in healthcare coverage
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Oct 5 • 2:50 PM EDT • Health • pbs.org
WATCH: Trump administration issues final rule on transparency in healthcare coverage
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Oct 5 • 2:50 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Ohio Democrats’ path to governor’s office runs through rural areas that have turned against party

Democrats say their nominee for governor in Ohio, Dr. Amy Acton, represents the party’s best chance in years to win that office.

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Oct 5 • 2:47 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Donovan Jackson to miss extended time

Vikings OG Donovan Jackson set to miss rest of regular season because of injury

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Oct 5 • 2:41 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Discover the stats from Mexico’s Clásico in Oakland

Guadalajara once again showed that El Clásico de México is a game like no other. On a night that brought thousands of Chivahermanos together in California, the Sacred Flock claimed another victory i...

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Oct 5 • 2:31 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Jaylin Lane may not play again in 2026

Commanders WR Jaylin Lane diagnosed with fractured and dislocated ankle

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Oct 5 • 2:25 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Nic Claxton out two weeks with hamstring injury

Nic Claxton out two weeks with hamstring injury

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Oct 5 • 2:07 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
After redistricting, a Black community in Louisiana faces a future without a champion in Congress

Scotlandville is a predominantly Black community in Louisiana, that's facing challenges in its political representation. Residents fear losing a representative who understands their struggles.

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Oct 5 • 2:06 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Braiden McGregor set to miss rest of season

Jets LB Braiden McGregor unlikely to play again in 2026 after torn pectoral

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Oct 5 • 1:51 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
LeBron's use of a Fanatics branded helicopter is part …

LeBron's use of a Fanatics branded helicopter is part …

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Oct 5 • 1:40 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Kyle Juszczyk may miss some time

49ers FB Kyle Juszczyk could be sidelined a few weeks after injuring knee in Week 4

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Oct 5 • 1:37 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Jordyn Tyson not close to returning

Saints WR Jordyn Tyson recovering but still weeks away from playing

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Oct 5 • 1:24 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Obama to campaign with El-Sayed in Detroit as ex-president gets more involved in midterms

Obama is upping involvement in the midterm election. He taped two dozen ads last week for Democratic candidates for governor and Senate that will be released in the coming days and weeks.

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Oct 5 • 1:17 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Susan Lucci to discuss grief, memoir in Newtown

Susan Lucci holds the record for the most Daytime Emmy nominations for an individual performer, with a total of 21 nominations, according to People.

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Oct 5 • 1:06 PM EDT • Entertainment • nhregister.com
“It’s a lot that happened,” Garland said. “But this …

“It’s a lot that happened,” Garland said. “But this …

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Oct 5 • 1:04 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
White Sox vs. Guardians updates: Chicago eyes commanding ALDS lead
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Oct 5 • 1:00 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Saquon Barkley injury update: Latest on Eagles star running back

Saquon Barkley has undergone testing on his injured hamstring as the Eagles prepare to face Jacksonville in London

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Oct 5 • 12:56 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Darling completes sale of sausage casings business to SARIA

Sale positions company for continued growth and value creation potential while optimizing portfolio and reducing debt.

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Oct 5 • 12:43 PM EDT • Business • feedstuffs.com
Windows 11 26H2 isn’t exciting, but it does fix one real problem

Windows 11 26H2 doesn't bring much new, but it cuts RAM usage by up to 2GB on some PCs and makes older PCs run smoother.

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Oct 5 • 12:43 PM EDT • Technology • pcworld.com
US services sector activity slows in September; price pressures mount

US services sector activity slowed in September as supply chain strains and rising input prices signal persistent inflation risks into next year.

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Oct 5 • 12:33 PM EDT • Business • virginiabusiness.com
A Health Influencer Claims He Has Been Drinking Radioactive Water For 250 Days Straight, To A Frightening 13.5 Thousand Likes

If you don't know why this is a bad idea, let us tell you about radiation, Radithor, or the tragic case of Eben Byers.

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Oct 5 • 12:22 PM EDT • Health • iflscience.com
RSU and USAO partner to create Accelerated Master's Program for computer science students

Rogers State University (RSU) and the University of Science & Arts of Oklahoma (USAO) have partnered together to create an Accelerated Master's Program for comp

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Oct 5 • 12:18 PM EDT • Science • ktul.com
RSU and USAO partner to create Accelerated Master's Program for computer science students

Rogers State University (RSU) and the University of Science & Arts of Oklahoma (USAO) have partnered together to create an Accelerated Master's Program for comp

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Oct 5 • 12:17 PM EDT • Science • fox23.com
Pat Bryant to miss time

Denver Broncos WR Pat Bryant (ankle) will miss multiple weeks with a sprained ankle.

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Oct 5 • 12:15 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
He responded: “No s–t, Sherlock.”

He responded: “No s–t, Sherlock.”

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Oct 5 • 12:04 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Supreme Court rejects Michigan woman's appeal over school's ban on 'Let's Go Brandon' sweatshirts

The mother of two boys says their First Amendment rights were violated when they were told to take off the sweatshirts she bought them for Christmas in 2022.

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Oct 5 • 12:04 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
SI gives Oklahoma an interesting matchup in latest bowl projections

Sports Illustrated gives Sooners an intriguing matchup in new bowl picks.

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Oct 5 • 12:01 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
How a 'superwoman' who plays pro tackle football has built a flag football powerhouse

During the fall, Rachel Karos coaches Willowbrook flag football. Come spring, she is a professional tackle football player in the WNFC.

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Oct 5 • 11:54 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
"I think just with the playoff time and watching, that …

"I think just with the playoff time and watching, that …

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Oct 5 • 11:34 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Former White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt lands her next gig as Fox News contributor

Leavitt follows Kayleigh McEnany, the former press secretary who joined Fox in 2021.

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Oct 5 • 11:33 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
🙂 Positive (35%)
Pat Bryant catches all three targets

Denver Broncos WR Pat Bryant (ankle) caught all three of his targets for 47 yards in Week 4 before exiting with an ankle injury.

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Oct 5 • 11:29 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Courtland Sutton with another dreadful day

Denver Broncos WR Courtland Sutton had just one catch for four yards on six targets in Week 4.

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Oct 5 • 11:21 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
☹️ Negative (-100%)
Florida earns 'F' grade from CBS Sports after Missouri beatdown

Unsurprisingly, Florida football earned a failing grade from CBS Sports for its performance against the Missouri Tigers on the road in Week 5.

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Oct 5 • 11:12 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Jaylen Waddle scores first TD

Denver Broncos WR Jaylen Waddle had five catches for 35 yards and a touchdown in Week 4.

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Oct 5 • 11:10 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Play USA TODAY's College Football Shuffle

Solve the shuffled words, match each one to the right headline and see how well you know the week in college football.

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Oct 5 • 10:57 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
USA TODAY Sports Super 15 East region football rankings, Week 8

Here are the latest USA TODAY Sports East Region rankings following a wild week of high school football action.

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Oct 5 • 10:48 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Can Democrats expand their Senate map?

Plus: Will Ken Paxton's estranged wife help him win?

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Oct 5 • 10:47 AM EDT • Politics • usatoday.com
RJ Harvey leads team in receiving

Denver Broncos RB RJ Harvey had 10 catches for 68 yards, which led the team in both categories in Week 4.

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Oct 5 • 10:44 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Florida takes a plunge in USA TODAY Sports' Week 5 re-rank

Florida football's Week 5 road loss to the Missouri Tigers sent the Gators tumbling down USA TODAY Sports' re-rank.

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Oct 5 • 10:40 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Windows 11 26H2 brings a hidden performance boost — and may slash RAM usage

Windows 11 26H2 quietly brings several performance improvements, including a Low Latency Profile that makes common tasks feel faster. Some users are also reporting lower RAM usage after the update, although Microsoft has not confirmed that 26H2 itself is responsible.

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Oct 5 • 10:12 AM EDT • Technology • notebookcheck.net
WATCH LIVE: Trump campaigns with Ricketts in Nebraska, where ranchers have beef with his import plan
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Oct 5 • 10:09 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
Is a front office-coaching divide hurting the Steelers?

Is a strategic divide between Omar Khan's front office and Mike McCarthy's coaching staff creating an identity crisis for the Steelers?

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Oct 5 • 10:07 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
US services sector activity slows in September; price pressures mount

US services sector activity slowed in September, with strong domestic demand stretching supply ‌chains and raising prices paid by businesses for inputs, indicating that inflation could remain high into next year.

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Oct 5 • 10:04 AM EDT • Business • reuters.com
Tyreek Hill in contact with Chiefs

Free-agent WR Tyreek Hill's (Dolphins) agent, Drew Rosenhaus, has been in contact with the Kansas City Chiefs.

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Oct 5 • 9:51 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Supreme Court declines First Amendment case of students forced to remove ‘Let’s Go Brandon’ sweatshirts

The Supreme Court on Monday declined to take up a First Amendment appeal from two middle school students who were ordered to remove sweatshirts emblazoned with the words “Let’s Go Brandon,” steering clear of a case that could have clarified the power schools have to police potentially offense speech in the classroom.

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Oct 5 • 9:47 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Giannis Antetokounmpo: 'I got five, six good years'

Giannis Antetokounmpo: 'I got five, six good years'

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Oct 5 • 9:44 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Supreme Court passes on 'Let's Go Brandon' student speech case

A middle school said brothers couldn't wear "Let's Go Brandon" sweatshirts to class. They asked the Supreme Court to get involved.

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Oct 5 • 9:32 AM EDT • Politics • usatoday.com
Mark Cuban offers fix for NJ's health care cost crisis

As New Jersey workers face another double-digit increase in health care premiums, billionaire entrepreneur Mark Cuban is offering to help.

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Oct 5 • 9:31 AM EDT • Health • northjersey.com
USA vs. Canada: How to watch, stream international friendly

Two of Concacaf's elite teams clash Tuesday evening when the United States host Canada at Allianz Field, home of Minnesota United FC.How to watch & streamUSA: TNT, truTV, HBO Max, Universo, PeacockCan...

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Oct 5 • 9:29 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Jeffries says House Democrats aiming to repeat 2018 sweep by flipping Trump districts

The Democratic Party is working to expand the map by going on offense in Republican-held districts, while President Donald Trump hits the trail in a red-state sprint to boost voter enthusiasm and shore up support from his base.

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Oct 5 • 9:18 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
ESPN predicts Auburn's remaining schedule after SEC loss to Tennessee

How did Auburn football's 2026 outlook change following its Week 5 loss to Tennessee?

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Oct 5 • 9:09 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Every William & Mary player drafted by the Boston Celtics

Let's take a look at every player who has been drafted by the Celtics out of William & Mary.

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Oct 5 • 9:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
“It definitely stuck with me for a bit,” Fox said. …

“It definitely stuck with me for a bit,” Fox said. …

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Oct 5 • 8:17 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
NBA executive: 'There's definitely interest' in Bronny James

If the Lakers are willing to listen to offers, they could get back some value in a trade for Bronny James.

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Oct 5 • 8:02 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Patrick Mahomes shares an emotional message for an injured teammate

During his press conference, Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes shared an emotional message for injured WR Tyquan Thornton | @EdEastonJr

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Oct 5 • 8:02 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Tennessee-Arkansas football game initial score prediction Week 6

Initial score prediction for the Tennessee-Arkansas football game in Week 6.

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Oct 5 • 8:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Jets at Bears: Full highlights from Week 4

Check out all the highlights from the Jets vs. Bears in Week 4 right here.

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Oct 5 • 7:45 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
PFF ranks Michigan State's top five offensive players vs. Wisconsin

Check out who PFF ranked as Michigan State's top five offensive players against Wisconsin.

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Oct 5 • 7:25 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Galaxy S25’s stable One UI 9.0 update reaches the USA

Last week, Samsung released the stable version of One UI 9.0 (Android 17) to the Galaxy S25, Galaxy S25+, and the Galaxy S25 Ultra. However, the brand made it a

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Oct 5 • 7:05 AM EDT • Technology • sammobile.com
Yale School of Medicine On the Science of Childhood Anxiety, Say, Anxiety Disorders Are the Most Common Mental Health Challenges In Youth

Credit: Matt Bradbury October 5, 2026 - By Isabella Backman - Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health challenges in youth. Left untreated, they can disrupt the lives of both children and their families. The good news is that with intervention, most children will overcome these conditions. Across Yale School of Medicine, scientists are working to understand anxiety at every level, from common anxious behaviors to molecular biomarkers in the brain. They are using their findings to develop and disseminate new evidence-based treatments for childhood anxiety. Today, the go-to treatment for childhood anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This is a form of psychotherapy that teaches children skills for confronting anxious thoughts and helps them practice managing situations that cause anxiety. While it is the gold-standard treatment backed by considerable scientific evidence, up to 50% of children will not see sufficient benefit from CBT alone. Wendy Silverman, PhD, Alfred A. Messer Professor in the Child Study Center, co-directs the Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program alongside Eli Lebowitz, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center. One of their main interests is learning how to improve outcomes beyond CBT. “We’re developing cutting-edge, research-based knowledge that can reduce the suffering that anxiety causes children and their families,” says Silverman. Changing parent behavior YSM experts are investigating how to improve CBT outcomes for children by involving the parents. Silverman’s research has uncovered two main components of parent intervention that improve childhood anxiety: not enabling children to completely avoid the things that make them anxious and taking steps to enhance their autonomy. Parents may unintentionally reinforce their child’s anxiety by allowing them to avoid what makes them anxious. They also may unintentionally limit the children’s sense of autonomy by being overly intrusive. “One of the things that we take pride in is that we’ve focused on trying to understand what parents need to do, and to test our ideas and see if changing the parents’ behaviors is enhancing the effects of CBT,” Silverman says. “Our findings thus far suggest that they do." As much as CBT can be helpful, it can also be challenging to get one’s child to do the necessary steps for CBT to work. This is one important reason why Lebowitz created a novel intervention program for parents named Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE). Existing intervention programs often teach parents to act as therapists for their child, such as training them on how to practice breathing exercises. “It makes sense, but this doesn’t work very well in practice,” says Lebowitz. “And part of the reason, I think, is that it’s not easy to get your kid to do things, especially if they’re not excited about doing it.” SPACE is unique because it focuses entirely on parent involvement and changing parental behavior—children are not involved in the sessions. For example, parents learn how to use supportive messages that convey confidence that their child can tolerate and manage distress. “It might sound like a parent saying to a child, ‘I get that this is really hard for you, but I know that you can handle it,’” Lebowitz says. The program also works with parents to identify the ways in which they are accommodating anxious behaviors. “We’ll pick one thing that parents are doing that is an accommodation and help them make a detailed plan for how they’re going to change that,” Lebowitz explains. Treating Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Much of the existing research on SPACE has focused on parents of children under age 14. Ongoing studies are now exploring its use with parents of older teens. “Both anxiety and accommodation can interfere with normative developmental shifts during the teen years, including increased autonomy and individuation from parents,” says Rebecca Etkin, PhD, associate research scientist in the Child Study Center. “In this sense, SPACE may be particularly well-suited for anxious teens and their parents. We want to see whether it is effective during this distinct developmental window.” Unfortunately, many families in need of CBT face barriers, including limited availability of services and geographic constraints. One way to improve access is digital interventions. Silverman and her team are developing an evidence-based digitized intervention program for parents that they can access directly from their computer or smart phone. “The work we’re doing will be one of the very few parent interventions that is digitized and importantly tested for effectiveness,” she says. Creating interventions for anxiety-related challenges Silverman and Lebowitz recently received a generous gift to develop and test other interventions that help parents reduce other child anxiety-related behavioral and emotional difficulties, such as restrictive eating and unexplained somatic symptoms. One of these projects in particular focuses on understanding the risks of social media and its potential benefits, including offering a sense of connection. “A lot of research has focused on the idea that social media is harmful and the less of it the better,” says Lebowitz. “But we actually see is that this is not quite right—there are negatives, but there are also positives. So, we’re trying to get a little bit more nuanced of a picture.” The team is working with teens with social anxiety and their parents over an extended period to better understand their social media habits and how their anxiety levels affect engagement with different platforms. The teens will answer questions sent to an app on their phones about mood and social media usage in an effort to capture emotional responses as they unfold. “We hope to develop interventions that can help make the best of social media while protecting against the more problematic effects,” Lebowitz says. The brain’s role in anxiety Researchers are also testing therapies to address anxiety at the neurological and molecular levels. In collaboration with Dylan Gee, PhD, professor of psychology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Hilary Blumberg, MD, John and Hope Furth Professor of Psychiatric Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine, Lebowitz and Silverman are using brain imaging to identify changes in a child’s brain before and after parents enroll in SPACE. In one study, children viewed anxiety-inducing images while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the researchers conducted scans with and without the children’s parents nearby. Before SPACE, children’s brains were better able to activate the regulatory circuitry needed to turn off an anxious response when their parents were nearby. But after SPACE, children could activate this circuitry even without the parent around. “As parents work on gradually reducing some of their accommodations, you can see a child get better at regulating their own fear system in the brain,” Lebowitz says. “It’s remarkable.” Research into the molecular underpinnings of anxiety can also inform new childhood anxiety treatments. In a recent study, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Flora Vaccarino, MD, Harris Professor in the Child Study Center, discovered that a protein known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) could be protective from the toxic effects of stress. FGF2 levels in children and their parents were linked to the children’s risk of developing anxiety and depression, the study showed. The findings could help explain why some children who are exposed to early life trauma such as poverty or abuse are more prone to developing mental health disorders. And FGF2 could be a target for treatment. “This is very novel because it starts to give a clue to what is the molecular chain that connects those lived experiences to the actual psychological outcomes,” Lebowitz says. New ways to study and treat childhood anxiety Michael Crowley, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center, collaborates with Silverman and Lebowitz to study the role that attention plays in development and maintenance of childhood anxiety. There is a large body of research that shows that anxious children, like anxious adults, are prone to focus on threatening stimuli such as angry faces compared with neutral faces. This has led to innovative interventions that involve attention retraining. The idea is that if experts train children to look away from threatening stimuli, it may reduce their anxiety—especially children with social anxiety who are most prone to attend to threats. The researchers have just completed a clinical trial for attention retraining with 10- to 14-year-olds with social anxiety disorders and are currently analyzing the findings. Besides this innovative attention retraining research, as Crowly notes, “I like to design tasks that are engaging to kids,” Crowley says. “My goal is to assess something without the kids knowing what we are assessing.” With this goal in mind, Crowley has created a virtual game, named Boom, to study threat processing in children with anxiety disorders. The game is similar to that of hot potato—the child and three digital players take turns virtually passing a ball to each other’s gloves. At some point, the ball turns into a bomb, and as the bomb lands in each player’s glove, the outline of the glove turns yellow. The goal is to avoid having the bomb go off in your glove. What isn’t obvious is that the game is designed to measure different types of threatening stimuli, both ambiguous and direct. In the game, the direct threat occurs as the bomb is traveling towards your glove. The ambiguous threat is the yellow outlined glove as it is unknown where the bomb will travel next. While children play the game, Crowley’s team measures their brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The researchers have discovered that in kids with anxiety, the brain reacts more strongly to ambiguous threats than it does in their peers, but less strongly to direct threats. They believe that the initial abnormally large brain response to not knowing where the bomb is going impairs the brain's ability to properly respond when the threat is actually traveling the child’s way. “The brains of children with anxiety are unable to differentiate between threats you need to do something about and those that are not your problem.” Michael Crowley, PhD, develops innovative games for studying anxiety in children and adolescents.Credit: Matt Bradbury Based on these insights, Crowley hopes to study whether interventions like attention training could restore appropriate threat processing. Crowley’s team is also working on a test called the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task, which evaluates risk-taking and avoidance behaviors. It features a digital balloon that is full of air and about to burst. Kids have six seconds to let air out of the balloon. The more air they let out, the less risk they face that the balloon will pop. But at the same time, the balloon becomes less valuable as it deflates. “The more air you keep in the balloon, the more points you get,” Crowley explains. So far, the researchers have found that when the balloons pop unexpectedly, teens with social anxiety show distinct brain responses. Studying these responses can help psychologists understand the underlying pathways driving the various manifestations of anxiety. The genetics of anxiety When Thomas Fernandez, MD, associate professor in the Child Study Center and of psychiatry, was still in training, there was a lot of excitement about understanding the genetics associated with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, scientists have identified around 250 genes associated with autism. The genetic contribution to anxiety disorders, on the other hand, has historically received less attention. Anxiety is less heritable than autism, but the genetic contribution for anxiety disorders that emerge in childhood may be higher than for anxiety disorders overall. While scientists estimate the heritability of anxiety disorders in general to be around 30% to 50%, some studies suggest higher heritability for certain childhood-onset anxiety presentations. “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism,” Fernandez says. “So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism. So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” Thomas Fernandez, MD Associate Professor In the Child Study Center and in Psychiatry Now, Fernandez and Emily Olfson, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Child Study Center, are studying children and their parents to identify genetic changes that are present in the child but not the parents, known as “de novo mutations.” “All of us have some de novo mutations—maybe about 50 to 100 sprinkled throughout the genome,” Olfson says. “But when they occur within the coding regions of genes, they can be really disruptive.” Previous research shows that people with autism have higher rates of damaging de novo mutations than the general population. In 2022, Olfson, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Fernandez published a study on 68 children and their families that found that children with anxiety had similarly high levels of these mutations. Studying de novo mutations can help point the researchers to where they should be looking for genes associated with anxiety. “The end game is using the genes to steer us toward the right part of biology that we can then target to come up with better treatments,” Fernandez says. Building on those findings, the team is now studying more families to better understand how these de novo mutations, along with other genetic and environmental factors, shape pediatric anxiety disorders. They recently received a National Institutes of Health grant to enroll 750 new families over the next five years. Olfson is the principal investigator, with co-investigators Lebowitz, Fernandez, Silverman, and Shuangge Steven Ma, PhD, department chair and professor of biostatistics at Yale School of Public Health. Neurodevelopment, Risk Genes, and Mental Health Conditions - The Olfson Lab Joel Gelernter, MD, Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry, is interested in how different anxiety disorders differ genomically. “We are studying social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, working to understand why people differ in their risk to these specific anxiety disorders and evaluating various risk factors,” he says. Gelernter was recently involved in one of the largest studies to date of the genomics underlying anxiety disorder. The study included around 122,000 people with anxiety disorders and around 730,000 without. It found that some genetic differences associated with anxiety were linked to signaling that helps reduce overactivity in the nervous system. Many anxiety medications available today work by targeting this process. “It’s nice when the biology that you get out of a large genome-wide study ratifies things that we already know because that can help increase confidence in further findings from the study,” Gelernter says. Uncovering the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders John Krystal, MD, Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research and chair of the Department of Psychiatry, is interested in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of which anxiety is a major symptom. In the late 1980s, Krystal’s team discovered that the drug yohimbine activated symptoms in patients with PTSD. “This was the first time we could link a specific biological mechanism to the symptoms of PTSD,” Krystal says. At the time, he adds, this finding was highly controversial. “A lot of people felt that PTSD was a purely psychological syndrome that didn’t have an underlying biology.” Since then, Krystal has dived deep into understanding the neurobiology of PTSD to learn how to better treat it. His team is evaluating the use of ketamine and psychedelics. These would be among the first treatments to be developed specifically for PTSD. They may also be applicable for other disorders including anxiety disorders, Krystal adds. An important gap in PTSD treatment is the absence of biological tests that inform how to best help patients manage their PTSD symptoms. A doctor doesn’t diagnose cancer based on how they feel. Rather, they use tests of the biology of the cancer to determine the best course of treatment. “And we can’t do that in any psychiatric disorder other than Alzheimer’s disease,” Krystal says. “But now we are building a foundation for this approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders for the first time.” Source: Yale School of Medicine

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