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Why a $193M injection for rural health care in Pa. isn’t easing closure worries

The five-year Rural Health Transformation Program is meant to expand and strengthen access to care, but state officials and experts warn the money isn’t enough to fix every problem.

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Feb 12 • 4:00 AM EST • Health • post-gazette.com
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The sports bar Athletic Club Oakland has closed

A game-day destination for Oakland sports fans poured its last beers on Super Bowl Sunday. The bar is the latest in a string of closures in in the city over the past few months.

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Feb 11 • 7:00 AM EST • Sports • sfchronicle.com
Health officials race to alert measles exposures after MKE airport case

Health officials said a passenger boarded Southwest Flight WN 266 on Jan. 29 despite being told to isolate.

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Feb 9 • 7:06 PM EST • Health • wisn.com
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How the Epstein files are upending U.K. politics : Consider This from NPR

The latest disclosure from the U.S. Department of Justice’s investigation of Jeffrey Epstein is threatening the U.K. ruling government.New documents have led Peter Mandelson, a former ambassador to the U.S., to resign from Britain’s House of Lords and from the Labour Party.The fallout has already claimed two key staff members close to Prime Minister Keir Starmer, and some in his own party are calling for him to step down too.Edward Luce, chief U.S. commentator for the Financial Times, helps explain the scandal – and why the reaction in the U.K. differs from the U.S.For sponsor-free episodes of Consider This, sign up for Consider This+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org. Email us at considerthis@npr.org.This episode was produced by Jordan-Marie Smith and Connor Donevan, with audio engineering by Hannah Gluvna. It was edited by Patrick Jarenwattananon and Michael Levitt. Our executive producer is Sami Yenigun.

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Feb 9 • 5:40 PM EST • Politics • npr.org
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Five Spears Business students selected as OSU Outstanding Seniors

Five Spears Business Students earned Outstanding Seniors recognition by the OSU Alumni Association in 2025-26.

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Feb 9 • 2:22 PM EST • Business • news.okstate.edu
3 measles cases confirmed in DC — possible exposures at Reagan National, March for Life

Health officials are warning about cases of the measles in people who spent time around D.C. and Virginia, including at Reagan Airport and the March for Life.

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Feb 9 • 1:33 PM EST • Health • wtop.com
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AirPods Pro 4 Could Feature Cameras to 'See Around You'

Apple's next-generation AirPods Pro will feature cameras to see around a user, according to the leaker and prototype collector known as "Kosutami". In a new post on X, Kosutami said that the next AirPods Pro will be able to see around the wearer, presumably via cameras in each earbud. Supply chain analyst Ming-Chi Kuo said that the 2026 AirPods Pro will feature a "more significant" hardware upgrade in the form at least one tiny infrared camera.

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Feb 9 • 8:23 AM EST • Technology • macrumors.com
Watch every movie trailer that aired during Super Bowl 2026

Super Bowl 2026 and movie trailers go hand in hand. Check out every preview that dropped for Sunday's big game, including 'Scream 7.'

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Feb 8 • 6:31 PM EST • Entertainment • ew.com
Doulas County Health Department warns businesses of shutdown for unrenewed permits

The Douglas County Health Department is warning restaurants of closure for locations that have not renewed their food and drink operating permits.

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Feb 8 • 5:38 PM EST • Health • wowt.com
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STAY INFORMED: Local church, business announce closures after snow moves through Miami Valley

A local church and business have announced closures after snow moved through the Miami Valley.

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Feb 8 • 11:53 AM EST • Business • yahoo.com
America's sweet tooth is looking for a new chain obsession

Sprinkles' abrupt closure at the end of 2025 marked the end of the cupcake era. Now, bundt cakes and cookies are vying for the top sweet spot.

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Feb 8 • 4:14 AM EST • Business • businessinsider.com
Holiday ornaments led Jody Pritzl to the people, politics of postage

In "The December Dilemma," she explores how power and influence play out in the seemingly straightforward creation of Christmas stamps.

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Feb 8 • 4:10 AM EST • Politics • coloradosun.com
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Sooo ... About Last Night

Last night (Sat., Feb. 7, 2026), Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) returned home to the Meta APEX in Las Vegas, Nevada for UFC Vegas 113. Luckily, the first “Fight Night” event of 2026 was a step up from the average APEX affair. There were intriguing bouts booked throughout the evening featuring some quality prospects and familiar […]

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Feb 8 • 1:00 AM EST • Sports • mmamania.com
Multiple measles cases confirmed in DC. Check potential exposure sites and dates

DC Health said Saturday it has confirmed multiple cases of measles in the District. While officials did not specify exactly how many cases there are, they are the first to be confirmed in D.C. in 2026, according to the Johns Hopkins U.S. Measles Tracker. News4 has reached out to DC Health to ask how many cases were identified and is…

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Feb 7 • 5:18 PM EST • Health • nbcwashington.com
DC health officials warn of possible measles exposure at events, transit sites

Health officials are investigating confirmed measles cases after people who were contagious visited multiple locations across Washington, D.C.

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Feb 7 • 4:11 PM EST • Health • fox5dc.com
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Lane closure announced for Horry County intersection improvements along Highway 17 Business

Horry County officials are giving drivers a notice for an upcoming road closure.

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Feb 7 • 2:54 PM EST • Business • wmbfnews.com
Mecklenburg County health officials issue measles exposure for Lidl, Vista Auction

The notice is linked to a measles case from another jurisdiction rather than a local case, health officials said.

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Feb 7 • 12:18 PM EST • Health • wsoctv.com
Mecklenburg officials issue measles exposure warning for 2 Charlotte locations
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Feb 7 • 10:38 AM EST • Health • wcnc.com
A century of hair shows how lead exposure collapsed

For decades, Americans were surrounded by lead from car exhaust, factories, paint, and even drinking water, often without realizing the damage it caused. By analyzing hair samples preserved across generations, scientists uncovered a striking record of how exposure soared before environmental rules and then collapsed after leaded gasoline and other sources were phased out.

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Feb 7 • 7:00 AM EST • Science • sciencedaily.com
Roma fans’ appeal to TAR over banned away games upheld

Following clashes on the highway between Roma fans and Fiorentina supporters, the Ministry of the Interior ordered the closure of the away section to Roma fans until the end of the season. The measure...

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Feb 7 • 3:40 AM EST • Sports • romapress.net
Possible measles exposure reported at QuikTrip in Indian Trail, health officials say

Health officials said on Friday, Feb. 6 that they are notifying the public of a possible measles exposure after a person with the disease traveled to a businesses in Indian Trial.

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Feb 6 • 10:02 PM EST • Health • wbtv.com
New measles exposure site identified, Shasta County health officials report

Health officials say they have found a new place where people may have been exposed to measles and are sharing more details about a confirmed case in Shasta Cou

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Feb 6 • 5:25 PM EST • Health • krcrtv.com
Experts Warn: The Dangerous Blur Between Science and Wellness in Mental Health Bestsellers

A marketplace where labels blur In many bookstores, titles rooted in clinical science sit inches from glossy self-help guides promising instant serenity. That proximity can make rigorous research look interchangeable with lifestyle advice, especially when everything shares the same bright displays. Readers encounter a single aisle labeled “psychology,” even when the content ranges from peer-reviewed evidence to spiritual rituals. The result is a subtle but pervasive blur, turning a complex health landscape into a grab-bag of mixed claims. Why the shelves can mislead Retail categories are built for convenience, not for methodological clarity or clinical accuracy. When “development personal” or “wellness” becomes the default bin, evidence-based psychology competes with coaching manifestos and mystical manuals. The visual language of covers—calming color palettes, confident subtitles, glowing endorsements—flattens the distinction between randomized trials and anecdotal wisdom. In that aesthetic harmony, a guide on cognitive behavioral therapy may appear no more “serious” than a book on moon manifestation. The stakes for readers and patients Confusion carries real risks, including delayed care when people self-treat serious symptoms with untested routines. Vulnerable readers—facing depression, trauma, or anxiety—may be swayed by charismatic voices over careful data. Some messages frame recovery as pure willpower, which can amplify shame when symptoms persist despite effort. Others overpromise universal solutions, ignoring cultural context, diagnostic nuance, and comorbidity. “Shelving is not neutral; it shapes beliefs, expectations, and choices.” What professionals and retailers are asking Clinicians and public-health experts argue for clear, readable signage that separates science-based mental health from broader wellness. Books by licensed psychiatrists or psychologists that cite peer-reviewed studies could be grouped under “Evidence-Based Mental Health.” Adjacent space might host reflective memoirs, coaching workbooks, or contemplative philosophy—valuable in their way, but clearly labeled as non-clinical guidance. Booksellers emphasize their dual role as cultural curators and commercial actors, noting they respond to demand while striving for quality standards. How clarity could look and feel The goal is not to police ideas, but to help readers navigate with confidence. Transparent categorization respects reader autonomy while lifting the signal of credible practice. Clear tags—such as “scientific references,” “clinical overview,” or “personal narrative”—can work like map legends, turning a maze into a route. And when a book blends modes, hybrid labels can acknowledge both insight and limitation. A practical checklist for choosing wisely Check the author’s credentials: clinical license, academic affiliation, or relevant training. Scan the references: citations to peer-reviewed journals or reputable guidelines. Look for scope limits: clear statements about who the book is and isn’t for, and when to seek care. Seek methods, not miracles: approaches tested across diverse groups, with measurable outcomes. Watch the language: be wary of absolute claims, stigmatizing tones, or one-size-fits-all promises. Cross-verify with trusted bodies: national psychology associations or public-health agencies. The publisher’s responsibility Publishers can raise the bar by standardizing disclosure on methods, sample sizes, and limitations. Editorial policies could require conflict-of-interest statements, transparent citations, and plain-language summaries of evidence. Marketing should avoid medicalized framing for books that lack clinical validation, even when sales incentives press for bold claims. When a manuscript mixes reflection with research, honest jacket copy can prevent false equivalence. Coexisting without confusion Wellness writing can offer genuine comfort, perspective, and daily habits that support well-being. Scientific texts can provide structured tools, validated therapies, and realistic expectations for progress. The aim is to let these strands coexist, while giving readers the navigational cues to tell them apart. With clearer shelves, informed labels, and modest design tweaks, we can protect reader trust—and keep the aisle both inviting and intelligent.

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Feb 6 • 3:13 PM EST • Science • iowaparkleader.com
Yemen’s crumbling health system leaves patients without treatment options

Outdated medical equipment, airport closures, and funding cuts combine to jeopardise patient outcomes in Yemen.

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Feb 6 • 9:43 AM EST • Health • aljazeera.com
River North hotel owner hit with $57 million foreclosure lawsuit

The complaint involving debt on the Godfrey Hotel Chicago shows downtown hotels continue to struggle with higher costs and depressed property values despite the strong return of leisure travel.

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Feb 6 • 8:10 AM EST • Business • chicagobusiness.com
How New York’s Court System Intertwines With Party Politics

A foreclosure case in Brooklyn highlights ties between the courts and political party clubhouses.

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Feb 6 • 7:00 AM EST • Politics • nysfocus.com
Steelers expected to add senior special teams assistant

The Steelers coaching staff continues to grow, per report.

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Feb 5 • 4:44 PM EST • Sports • behindthesteelcurtain.com
Health officials warn of possible measles exposure in Montgomery County

Health officials are warning the public of a possible measles exposure in Montgomery County.

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Feb 5 • 11:04 AM EST • Health • 6abc.com
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92-foot dinosaur found by accident is forcing scientists to rethink prehistoric giants - Futura-Sciences

The fossil surfaced in Chongqing’s Tongnan District, within the Suining Formation, a Late Jurassic geological layer. After its accidental exposure, a research team led by Xuefang Wei of the Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey carried out a formal excavation and analysis, ultimately identifying the remains as a previously unknown...

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Feb 4 • 9:00 PM EST • Science • futura-sciences.com
Trump's lesson from Minneapolis: From the Politics Desk

Plus, the Kennedy Center's forthcoming closure shocks the National Symphony Orchestra.

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Feb 4 • 5:17 PM EST • Politics • nbcnews.com
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Bahama Breeze to close all its restaurants

Bahama Breeze is shrinking its footprint as Darden Restaurants plans permanent closures and a phased conversion of remaining locations into other brands.

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Feb 4 • 10:15 AM EST • Business • foxbusiness.com
How Colorado’s immigrant communities — and their health care providers — are bracing for impact under Trump’s budget bill

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, also known as H.R. 1, will block refugees and asylees from Medicare and Medicaid, among other restrictions

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Feb 4 • 5:31 AM EST • Health • coloradosun.com
Local businesses face challenges after winter storms

Small businesses in Greenville are working to recover from recent winter storms that caused closures and disrupted local supply chains.

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Feb 3 • 7:58 PM EST • Business • wyff4.com
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Exposure to low-credibility online health content is limited and is concentrated among older adults

Nature Aging - Concerns over health misinformation online are becoming increasingly important. Here the authors show that older adults are more likely than younger people to encounter...

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Feb 3 • 7:00 PM EST • Health • nature.com
Dane County health officials post additional measles exposure locations

According to officials, around 4,000 people were notified that they may have been exposed.

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Feb 3 • 4:55 PM EST • Health • wmtv15news.com
Actors' Equity, IATSE, Other Entertainment Unions Condemn Kennedy Center Closure

Trump recently announced that the Center would be closed for two years for renovations.

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Feb 3 • 4:35 PM EST • Entertainment • playbill.com
Measles exposure risk identified at major airport and theme park, health officials warn

Health officials warn of potential measles risk at LAX and Disneyland after international traveler's visit. Here's what to know about windows of exposure.

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Feb 3 • 3:58 PM EST • Health • foxnews.com
Harrisburg bar, entertainment venue announces temporary closure

“Thank you for your patience and understanding as we tackle these issues. We’ll be back soon Harrisburg.”

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Feb 3 • 1:20 PM EST • Entertainment • pennlive.com
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Judiciary Committee advances efforts to limit foreign influence by Cuba, China on Florida governments

Legislation would increase disclosure requires for those advocating for countries of concern and restricting the awarding of contracts.

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Feb 3 • 12:28 PM EST • Politics • floridapolitics.com
Jersey Shore mayor announces reelection bid despite business collapse and millions in debt

The mayor is running for a fifth term while addressing his Chapter 11 bankruptcy case and the closure of his family's Wonderland Pier.

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Feb 2 • 3:20 PM EST • Business • nj.com
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Hair samples reveal the benefits of lead regulation

Before the EPA, Utah saw 100 times more lead exposure.

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Feb 2 • 3:00 PM EST • Science • popsci.com
Eddie Bauer stores at risk of closure as operator nears bankruptcy

The Eddie Bauer brand, best known for its durable outdoor apparel, is 106 years old. It was founded in Seattle in 1920 by outdoorsman Eddie Bauer.

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Feb 2 • 2:26 PM EST • Business • businessinsider.com
Donald Trump’s unprecedented political war chest got even bigger in 2025

Campaign finance disclosures filed late Saturday revealed details of the president’s unmatched political fundraising operation.

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Feb 1 • 12:31 AM EST • Politics • politico.com
Health officials warn of possible measles exposure at LAX, Disneyland

Public health officials say international travel may be linked to potential exposures in Los Angeles and Orange counties.

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Feb 1 • 12:09 AM EST • Health • ocregister.com
Albuquerque tamale business close to closing rebounds

Just days ago, a local tamale restaurant faced possible closure. Now, they’re selling out within hours, with lines stretching out the door.

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Feb 1 • 12:00 AM EST • Business • krqe.com
Fresno protests, student walkouts and business closures mark nationwide strike against ICE

A nationwide strike brought protests, student walkouts and business closures to Fresno as demonstrators voiced opposition to the Trump Administration's immigration crackdown.

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Jan 30 • 8:25 PM EST • Business • abc30.com
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Venezuela plans amnesty law for political prisoners and closure of notorious prison

Venezuela’s acting president has announced a proposed amnesty law that could lead to the release of hundreds of political prisoners, as well as the closure of a notorious detention center, in her latest concessions since the US capture of President Nicolas Maduro.

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Jan 30 • 8:01 PM EST • Politics • cnn.com
'ICE out' movement sparks protests, temporary business closures in New Orleans

New Orleans businesses, advocates call for an end to federal agents in cities

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Jan 30 • 7:27 PM EST • Business • wdsu.com
Health officials confirm measles case, warn of possible exposure in Norman

The Oklahoma State Department of Health has confirmed a case of measles and is warning the public about a potential exposure in Cleveland County.Health official

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Jan 30 • 6:26 PM EST • Health • ktul.com
Oklahoma Health Department confirms measles case; possible exposure at Norman bar

The Oklahoma State Department of Health has confirmed a measles case in Cleveland County.According to OSDH, the individual visited Logie's on the Corner in Norm

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Jan 30 • 6:22 PM EST • Health • okcfox.com
‘ICE Out’ national event leads to protests, small business closures across Vermont

At least 15 small businesses closed Friday as part of a national movement in response to immigrant enforcement actions in Minneapolis.

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Jan 30 • 1:24 PM EST • Business • vtdigger.org
10 Questions With... Randall Milstein, who teaches about science, astronomy and the role of science fiction in popular culture

10 Questions with… Randall Milstein, professor of teaching. He teaches astronomy and energy alternatives classes in the physics department, and also teaches in the Honors College. He represents OSU as its affiliate representative for the Oregon Space Grant Consortium. He enjoys engaging with the public on topics of science, astronomy and the role of science fiction in popular culture.

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Jan 30 • 1:05 PM EST • Science • today.oregonstate.edu
Closures, slow foot traffic hit Greater Cincinnati businesses after snowstorm

Businesses around Greater Cincinnati are struggling with reduced foot traffic and sales as they reopen following a winter storm.

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Jan 30 • 10:29 AM EST • Business • wlwt.com
The Next Crisis Won’t Wait: Why Pandemic Preparedness Is a Business Imperative

Global health security —the ability to protect against the negative impacts of disease outbreaks — is too important to be left solely to the public sector. Industry has a vital interest in helping countries better prepare for future epidemics and pandemics.

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Jan 30 • 8:34 AM EST • Business • nti.org
The latest Lehigh Valley business openings and closings

Here are January’s business openings and closures in the Lehigh Valley.

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Jan 30 • 8:00 AM EST • Business • mcall.com
S.F. opens health clinic to tackle pollution in Bayview-Hunters Point — a long time coming

Fears of exposure to radiation from the Hunters Point Shipyard prompted the Department of Public Health to open the clinic.

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Jan 30 • 7:00 AM EST • Health • missionlocal.org
Breathing in wildfire smoke late in pregnancy may increase autism risk, Tulane study shows

What happens when smoke meets pregnancy? A new Tulane study links wildfire smoke exposure late in pregnancy to higher autism risk.

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Jan 30 • 5:00 AM EST • Health • nola.com
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Possible measles exposure at UNC Nash County Health Department after child tests positive

Nash County health leaders are sending out a warning about a potential measles exposure after a child who visited the UNC Health Nash Emergency Department on Tuesday tested positive for the disease. Anyone who was at the health department between 9 a.m. and 11 p.m. Tuesday may have been exposed.

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Jan 29 • 10:47 PM EST • Health • wral.com
Nash County leaders warn of potential measles exposure at UNC Health Nash

The Nash County Health Department is alerting the public after an unvaccinated child who recently traveled internationally tested positive for measles following a visit to the UNC Health Nash Emergency Department.

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Jan 29 • 7:50 PM EST • Health • wral.com
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Winter weather hits local businesses hard as snow forces closures

Local business owners are grappling with the financial strain of consecutive winter weather weekends, with closures significantly impacting service industry employees and small retailers.

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Jan 29 • 7:25 PM EST • Business • wral.com
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Santa Fe businesses to close Friday as part of nationwide anti-ICE protest

The Santa Fe closures are part of a national effort to convey dissatisfaction with recent actions of ICE officers in Minneapolis.

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Jan 29 • 6:00 PM EST • Business • santafenewmexican.com
Opinion: Colorado’s plan to cut sexual health education funding would erase real gains for rural students

The statewide program is a key element in Colorado’s commitment to support the mental health and well-being of our young people.

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Jan 29 • 3:30 AM EST • Health • coloradosun.com
Health officials report new measles exposure in Mesa

The Maricopa County Department of Public Health says there was an exposure at the Arizona Athletic Grounds in Mesa on Jan. 23 and Jan. 24.

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Jan 28 • 11:11 PM EST • Health • fox10phoenix.com
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Highway 21 Dairy Queen closure sparks conversation amongst local business owners

some local business owners say despite the roadwork, they say the project is good for the community.

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Jan 28 • 9:34 PM EST • Business • kbtx.com
NYC Health + Hospitals/Jacobi | North Central Bronx Appoints Grace Hyun, MD as Chief of Urology and Nassir Mansour, MD as Chief of Neurosurgery - NYC Health + Hospitals

NYC Health + Hospitals/Jacobi | North Central Bronx today announced the appointments of Grace Hyun, MD as Chief of Urology and Nassir Mansour, MD as Chief

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Jan 28 • 11:42 AM EST • Health • nychealthandhospitals.org
Twenty One Capital: Wen Business, Ser?

Twenty One Capital came public via SPAC merger but has since plummeted by nearly 30% since deal closure. Click here to find out why XXI stock is a Hold.

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Jan 28 • 7:58 AM EST • Business • seekingalpha.com
Investment and Statecraft: The International Politics of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs

In 1953, Kuwait established the world’s first sovereign wealth fund to invest the country’s oil revenues and generate returns that would reduce its reliance on a single resource. Since then, over 100 separate funds have been created to preserve national wealth and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. Today, they manage over $10 trillion in global assets. In this discussion with GJIA, political economist Kathryn Lavelle explains the increasingly novel dynamics that surround fund behavior and what the world can come to expect from their growing presence in international financial markets. GJIA: When it comes to the roles sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) play in global markets and politics, what would you say makes them unique? Kathryn Lavelle: Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) operate on behalf of governments as investors. That in itself is a strange relationship. Within them, a core contest takes place between the state’s interests (or sovereign) part of the dynamic, and the money interests (or wealth) part of it, and these two aspects are frequently in contradiction, serving fundamentally different goals. SWFs are also quite fascinating because when you talk to the people who manage these funds, they have an interest in convincing you that the decisions are made almost exclusively on a financial basis—they really will go to great lengths to differentiate their government owners and those who make the management decisions. At the same time, these people ultimately answer to someone in power. Therefore, for most SWFs, it remains deeply unclear who is actually making the investment decisions and for what purposes. Of course, it is not always clear how other vehicles, such as hedge funds and private equity make the decisions they do, but I think what a lot of people find particularly disconcerting about SWFs is that they seem to act on behalf of people who have a different identity from their own. People who could be trying to manipulate politics and markets in a way that would have a long-term effect on their own populations. Regular investors come and go at will, and they only share an interest in profit as far as most of us understand. However, SWFs have that extra “sovereign” part right behind them that obscures their true interest. GJIA: These funds can be found in countries all across the globe, in both authoritarian states and democracies. Would you say SWFs differ in their goals and structures between regime-type? KL: It is not necessarily regime type that makes the goals and structures of SWFs different. It has to do with their economies. Let’s look at a country like China. There’s going to be a debate about exactly how to characterize the regime, but it is a country with many different kinds of sovereign wealth funds, and a particularly opaque state connection to each. At one time, some of the state-owned Chinese oil companies created specialized investment vehicles listed outside Chinese markets that excluded parts of the firms that were more associated with human rights violations. At the same time, the China Investment Corporation (CIC)­—China’s largest SWF—draws a lot of concern, not necessarily because of its investment activities, but because of the dynamics of global politics. So, I wouldn’t really tie differences to regime types themselves in a wholesale way, but rather to how such funds are perceived and how they are structured. Saudi Arabia’s SWF is getting all kinds of attention for its involvement in Hollywood, and this takes me right back to when I was a student in the 1980s, when people were concerned about Japanese investment entities buying assets in Hollywood. They aren’t quite the same in financial terms, but it’s the same kind of concern about foreign investment that drives people to be suspicious, and the whole idea that “foreigners are influencing Hollywood.” This holds true across industries, and it reflects where politics are in places like the United States right now. One metric we can try to look at is transparency, where all the funds will tell you, “we are transparent.” The problem you’ll keep running into with this approach is how you value things. When trying to do comparative studies of equity markets, you’ll find that every country doesn’t use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles like we do in the United States. A fund may appear opaque politically and not want people to show what they’re invested in or what their intent with that investment is, but they could also just not be able to report it because of the way it was purchased, or the kinds of shares they purchased. There are some assets out there that really are difficult to put a monetary value on. GJIA: To what extent do domestic politics shape SWF behavior in both the investing “home” country and the recipient “host” country? KL: This depends on the type of fund present and also on the extent to which voters’ political views are able to influence the fund. For example, in a democratic home state like Norway, the SWF doesn’t invest in nuclear weapons or tobacco because of social concerns, but there is a continuing debate over whether it should invest in oil, even though that’s where most of the money comes from. The degree to which Norway will continue to make those investments, and whether they contradict the government’s overall climate goals, is an open question in Norwegian politics. Because of the way the fund’s governance is structured, it may not be easy to resolve. On the other hand, some people consider pension funds, like the State Teachers Retirement System (STRS) in Ohio, to be quasi-SWF. They have a very strict separation between the people who make up the management division and the fund owners. No teacher or professor would want to invest in things that may harm the future of their students. At the same time, a fund manager might see an opportunity in a diversified multinational corporation that offers a good return, despite it deriving part of its revenue from e-cigarettes. These contests are very apparent. Domestic politics can work in host countries too. A good example is Singapore’s SWF, Temasek, investing in Thailand’s telecommunications sector. If you study political economy, you already know that countries everywhere are uncomfortable with foreign ownership of their telecom sectors because a foreign entity could monitor or manipulate our communications with each other. In the case of Temasek, there was significant pushback from Thai citizens surrounding the deal, which went on to influence national political sentiment toward Singapore as a whole, underscoring the risks some SWFs may face with their investment choices. In this case, fund behavior led to the dissolution of the entire Thai government in 2006 and a subsequent coup d’état. GJIA: To address some of this unease, the Santiago Principles were established in 2009 to ostensibly promote trust and transparency. From your perspective, have these mechanisms actually changed fund behavior? KL: In international relations theory, we always like to have a clear set of norms and best practices­—the orientation we want the proverbial ship to be going in. In that regard, the Santiago Principles at least got the discussion going about which direction SWFs should take at a time when people were very skittish about the growing size of these funds. Nobody wanted them to be out there and potentially destabilizing economies, so talks about disclosure, conditions for withdrawal, and the independence of managers were helpful when initiated. The biggest stumbling block was that there wasn’t exactly a good way to measure compliance with the Principles, let alone how to hold funds to them. If you read the Principles, they’re overall quite vague. In general, a fund doesn’t want to reveal how and why they make certain investment decisions because that information is proprietary—a fund makes money off of how and why it makes decisions—so how do you reconcile that with loosely-defined ideas of openness? Some decisions might have a political purpose. The bottom line is that trying to figure out and assign a score to compliance is not easy, and it is therefore the reason why the Santiago Principles never really got off the ground to the point where they could truly direct fund behavior. GJIA: Many emerging markets are looking to build their own SWFs from mineral and oil revenues. Historically, have funds shaped development trajectories in these countries? KL: I think the big story in international emerging markets investment is that the investment is increasingly no longer unidirectional. In the past multinational corporations of primarily Western background were the main form of foreign direct investment in a country. That has changed dramatically, to the point where you have companies from so-called “developing countries” taking over companies in the United States. Therefore, the landscape of international investment has changed, and I think SWFs are certainly a possibility to be the next step in the game. Historically, you didn’t need an entire financial vehicle to reinvest commodity revenues in your country, but as emerging markets get more financially sophisticated, their capacity to operate such funds has increased. SWFs would allow treasuries to move from relying on holding foreign exchange assets like cash or government bonds to having broader financial markets and targeted growth areas, while easing pressure on welfare expenditures. GJIA: With their increasing financial weight, do you see the presence of SWFs being a factor in the political choices leaders will have to make with regard to domestic and foreign policy? KL: It will depend on just how big the funds get. One of the reasons people are already apprehensive is because of their scale, and if certain SWFs in certain countries achieve a large-enough size, the presence will absolutely be cause for concern. The other factor political leaders will have to consider are their objectives. It’s not always clear how to define a SWF, or even where its activity is concentrated, but it is certainly a worry from the perspective of national security of opaque external investment. More than that, I think one of the most interesting questions going forward is whether the United States, the home to the world’s largest financial markets, will develop its own fund, for which the Trump administration announced a plan. There have also been several proposals in Congress. Were it to come into being, it would have tremendous weight. At the same time, one of the hallmarks of U.S. capitalism is a lack of government ownership of shares, so it would not be clear how such a fund would be received in domestic politics, or which direction it would take. Given how politically fragmented the country is, a Democratic administration would likely be concerned about different sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, and want investment there, rather than a Republican administration, which might prefer defense industries. No investment vehicle could thrive under conditions of such instability. Moreover, it remains unclear where the money to fund a theoretical U.S. SWF would come from. It would be a fundamentally different entity depending on whether it is financed with debt, economic surplus, commodities, or the sale of state companies, as in the case of Singapore. If it is debt, or government borrowing of some form, then the fund would have to outperform whatever the cost of that debt is, which is not an easy thing to do. I think our political leaders have enough on their plate. Our system has worked well keeping political and investment functions generally separate. We have seen different forms of business rise and fall, and even the perception of different countries, all of which funds are tied to. Unless a major SWF either starts—like in the case of the United States—or collapses—an issue that concerns the Saudis, I don’t see any political tsunamis on the horizon. . . . Kathryn Lavelle is the Ellen and Dixon Long Professor of World Affairs at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Her research explores the exchange between domestic and international and political institutions with a particular emphasis on political economy and multilateralism. Dr. Lavelle’s first book, The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets, explored the political circumstances that surround large issues of stock in the developing world. After being granted tenure at Case Western, she was awarded an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship and named the William A. Steiger fellow, a designation given to the most promising political scientist in her class of fellows. While in Washington during 2006-2007, she worked on the staff of the House Committee on Financial Services on issues related to domestic and international monetary policy. Dr. Lavelle holds a PhD in political science from Northwestern University; an M.A. in government and foreign affairs from the University of Virginia; and a bachelor’s degree in international economics from Georgetown University. She is a permanent member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and length. Interview conducted by Sid Mehrotra. Image Credit: Jason Leung, Unsplash Content Licenses, via Unsplash

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Jan 28 • 6:00 AM EST • Politics • gjia.georgetown.edu
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Jan 27 • 10:11 PM EST • Business • cbsaustin.com
House Health Panel Member Kevin Hern Sold UnitedHealth Amid Stock-Trading Ban Push

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Jan 27 • 5:21 PM EST • Business • dallasnews.com
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Jan 27 • 12:06 PM EST • Health • wsbt.com
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Jan 26 • 6:45 AM EST • Business • wlky.com
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Former Ohio State linebacker Anthony Schlegel rejoining OSU staff

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Maricopa County Health Department confirms more measles cases in the Valley

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Jan 23 • 5:17 PM EST • Health • abc15.com
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Jan 23 • 4:01 PM EST • Science • opb.org
With 54 new cases, Spartanburg County's measles outbreak reaches 700

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LIST: Park, business closures ahead of expected winter storm

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Houston-area businesses announce closures ahead of winter storm

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Video Trump sues Jamie Dimon, JPMorgan Chase for alleged 'political' account closures

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Jan 23 • 10:18 AM EST • Politics • abcnews.go.com
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Jan 23 • 5:03 AM EST • Entertainment • jacksonsun.com
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Jackson residents, business owners raise concerns over grocery access at special council meeting

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Jan 22 • 9:49 PM EST • Business • wapt.com
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Jan 22 • 8:00 PM EST • Science • yahoo.com
See Flint-area school, business closings for Friday, Jan. 23

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Jan 22 • 4:48 PM EST • Business • mlive.com
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Health experts warn of cold weather dangers in Milwaukee

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Jan 22 • 3:14 PM EST • Health • wisn.com
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Jan 22 • 12:43 PM EST • Business • newschannel10.com
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Texas Sets New College Sports Spending Mark With $376M Spree

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Jan 22 • 10:33 AM EST • Sports • sportico.com
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Ubisoft Shares Slump on Plans for Major Structural Overhaul

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Jan 22 • 5:36 AM EST • Technology • wsj.com
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Jan 21 • 12:13 PM EST • Sports • bbc.com