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watchOS 27 for Apple Watch unveiled with these features
Apple has unveiled watchOS 27, the next Apple Watch software update, and it will include a number of new features...
Apple Announces iOS 27 for iPhone With New Liquid Glass Slider
The software update will be supported on iPhones as old as the iPhone 11 series.
Apple's Beta Website Says 'We'll Be Back Soon' Just Ahead of WWDC
Apple's Beta Software Program website has gone down ahead of the company's WWDC 2026 keynote next hour. Apple's Beta Software Program website has gone down ahead of the company's WWDC 2026 keynote next hour.
WWDC 2026 live updates: Apple AI, Siri and iPhone software in focus
Follow Apple WWDC 2026 live updates as the keynote spotlights AI, software, Siri and developer tools and likely CEO John Ternus's first major appearance.
5 Things to Watch for During Apple's WWDC 2026 Keynote Today
WWDC 2026 has officially arrived, with Apple set to kick off its annual developer conference with its opening keynote at 10 a.m. Pacific Time today. Apple will announce its latest software updates, including iPadOS 27, macOS 27, watchOS 27, tvOS 27, and visionOS 27.
GE HealthCare gets FDA OK for radiation treatment AI tool
GE HealthCare is putting its MIM imaging software to work to equip oncologists with more personalized planning advice to maximize, and minimize, radiation treatment.
The Times' softball coach of the year: Katie Stith of JSerra
The daughter of a legendary Orange County club team coach guided the Lions to the program's first Division 1 softball championship.
New Mayo–Microsoft collaboration may mean much for AI in healthcare
When Mayo Clinic and Microsoft announced last week that they’re partnering to develop a frontier AI model for healthcare, observers could see where Mayo’s expertise in advanced digital medicine would interest Microsoft. The Big Tech behemoth has not been coy about its healthcare ambitions.
Dalton Kincaid dominates Greg Rousseau’s charity softball game
Kincaid looks to be as healthy as he’s been in a while
Valheim launches September 9
Viking survival game Valheim will leave Early Access and launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, Switch 2, Xbox One, and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store on September 9, Coffee Stain Publishing and …
Xbox announces 17 new day-one titles coming to Game Pass
The Xbox Games Showcase event was hosted today, where Microsoft announced 17 new day-one titles coming to Game Pass.
Clockwork Revolution launches in 2027
First-person RPG Clockwork Revolution will launch for for Xbox Series and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store in 2027, publisher Xbox Game Studios and developer inXile Entertainment announced. It will…
Persona 6 announced for PS5, Xbox Series, and PC
ATLUS has announced Persona 6 for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC (Steam, Microsoft Store). A release date was not announced.
Castlevania: Belmont’s Curse launches October 15 for PS5, Xbox Series, and PC, later in 2026 for Switch
Castlevania: Belmont’s Curse will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store on October 15, followed by Switch later in 2026, publisher Konami and developers …
This is Microsoft’s Xbox 25th anniversary console in translucent green
The anniversary edition console includes an Xbox button that lights up green and a translucent green controller.
Crazy Taxi: World Tour announced for PS5, Xbox Series, Switch 2, and PC
After an initial tease in December 2023, SEGA has announced Crazy Taxi: World Tour for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, Switch 2, and PC (Steam, Microsoft Store). It will launch in 2027.
DOOM: The Dark Ages DLC ‘Revelations’ announced
Publisher Bethesda Softworks and developer id Software have announced DOOM: The Dark Ages paid downloadable content “Revelations” and the free “Ripatorium 3.0” update. Both …
Wo Long 2: Wings of Ember announced for PS5, Xbox Series, Switch 2, and PC
Publisher Koei Tecmo and developer Team NINJA have announced action RPG sequel Wo Long 2: Wings of Ember for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, Switch 2, and PC (Steam, Microsoft Store). It will launch in…
METRO 2039 launches in February 2027
METRO 2039 will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam, Epic Games Store, and Microsoft Store in February 2027, publisher Deep Silver and developer 4A Games announced.
Persona 4 Revival launches February 18, 2027
Persona 4 Revival will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store on February 18, 2027, ATLUS announced. Pre-orders will be available today. It will also be availab…
Resonance: A Plague Tale Legacy launches August 27
Resonance: A Plague Tale Legacy will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store on August 27, publisher Focus Entertainment and developer Asobo Studio announced. It…
Fable launches February 23, 2027
Fable will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store on February XXX, 2027, publisher Xbox Game Studios and developer Playground Games announced. The PlayStation 5…
Xbox Games Showcase 2026: All the news and trailers
Microsoft wraps up Summer Game Fest with its annual gaming showcase.
2026 Class 2 All-State softball team
Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Below is the Class 2 All-State softball team as voted on and submitted by the coaches. NOTE: All information is posted as submitted.
Xbox Games Showcase 2026 live report - all the news and announcements as Asha Sharma presents for the first time
Will we see The Elder Scrolls 6? Will we see Arkane's game based on Marvel's Blade? What has Microsoft got that will convince us? Find out this evening.
I saw the Surface Laptop Ultra at Computex and it's clear: Microsoft has gone beastmode
The flagship laptop announced at Computex 2026 will feature Nvidia's new RTX Spark chip with up to 128GB of unified memory.
Gears of War: E-Day PS5 Placeholder Listing Appears Online as Xbox Games Showcase Looms
A placeholder listing for a PS5 version of Gears of War: E-Day has shown up on Walmart's website less than 24 hours before Microsoft's big 2026 Xbox Games Showcase.
Microsoft is letting you kill Bing in Windows 11 Search, after years of forcing it on every PC
Microsoft is testing a new Windows 11 Search toggle that disables Bing, MSN, and Microsoft Store results, ending years of forced web results.
I Tested All 4 of Microsoft's New AI Models. Here's the Brutal Truth
Microsoft says its new MAI models revealed at Build 2026 are the future. After testing them, I'm not convinced they're ready for that spotlight.
Hagerty softball wins first state title behind freshman ace
Freshman Bella Ortiz led Hagerty High School to its first softball state title with two complete games in the 7A state tournament.
Polis signs final bills from 2026 session, including several business-focused laws
The laws impact workers laboring outside, software sales, transportation funding, homeowners' insurance costs and law-firm ownership.
Microsoft AI chief says company was “set free” from OpenAI to pursue superintelligence
Microsoft AI chief Mustafa Suleyman says the company was “set free” from OpenAI as it unveils seven in-house models and pursues superintelligence.
Palworld launches July 10
Open-world survival crafting game Palworld will leave Early Access and launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, Xbox One, and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store on July 10, developer Pocketpair announc…
STRANGER THAN HEAVEN launches January 15, 2027
STRANGER THAN HEAVEN will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam and Microsoft Store on January 15, 2027, publisher SEGA and developer Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio announced. It will also …
Women’s sports are booming for the Texas Longhorns — investment is the reason why
After the Longhorns won a second national title in softball, women's basketball coach Vic Schaefer explains why women's sports are booming at Texas.
Satya Nadella says AI agents should be treated like human employees
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella says companies should manage AI agents like employees, giving them identities and permissions.
Byrider back in gear after pandemic era struggles
Since a group of Byrider franchisees acquired the company in September 2024, it has installed a new senior leadership team, made a major investment in software technology and made other changes to lay the groundwork for a return to growth.
Will Apple Launch New Hardware at WWDC Next Week?
Apple has several hardware releases in the pipeline, but will we see any of them unveiled at this year's Worldwide Developers Conference? WWDC is primarily a software event where new versions of iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, and visionOS take center stage, but it's not unusual for Apple to introduce new hardware during the developer conference. Take WWDC 2017, for example, where Apple first unveiled the original HomePod over six months ahead of its launch.
Inside Trump’s suddenly softened new green card policy
Big business, including tech and AI companies, launched a quiet but extensive lobbying effort against the green card policy requiring applicants to apply from overseas.
African Media Entertainment's (JSE:AME) Conservative Accounting Might Explain Soft Earnings
Shareholders appeared unconcerned with African Media Entertainment Limited's ( JSE:AME ) lackluster earnings report...
Satya Nadella ‘Not Sure’ Who Said Microsoft Wanted to Make Addictive AI, Is Looking for Guy Who Did This
Microsoft's CEO seems unaware of what's going on at his own company.
Harrisburg tops O'Gorman in South Dakota state softball quarterfinals
No. 2 Harrisburg worked out of a bases-loaded, no-out situation in the top of the seventh to beat No. 7 O'Gorman in the Class AA state quarterfinals.
Filtr is a new privacy tool that blocks ads in almost every iPhone and Mac app
This popular ad blocker app for iPhones, iPads, and Macs can now block ads from loading inside apps, including web browsers, thanks to a new feature in the latest Apple software.
Windows is back on the Microsoft menu
At its annual Build developer conference, Microsoft put Windows front and center.
FromSoftware has finally announced an Elden Ring Switch 2 release date
Elden Ring: Tarnished Edition will arrive on Switch 2 in August, along with Shadow of the Erdtree DLC and new classes.
Amazon, Microsoft and Google are quietly morphing their businesses — and Wall Street is missing the big picture
Tech giants are shifting from solely providing computing power to distributing AI models, unlocking a lucrative new revenue stream.
Elden Ring Nintendo Switch 2 release date finally announced
It’s been a long time coming, but Elden Ring Tarnished Edition finally has its release date on Nintendo Switch 2. The game is due out on August 28, 2026. FromSoftware was originally planning on having the port wrapped up for 2026. However, that didn’t happen as the company announced a delay last October. FromSoftware cited the need for “game performance...
Microsoft continues its big Linux push at Build 2026
Microsoft is releasing a server Linux, a container Linux, and a Windows 11 built for Linux programmers. Here's why.
Travel Health Tips: How to Avoid Getting Sick
Learn how to prevent illness while traveling, including cruise and flight tips, immune support, and hantavirus safety tips from health experts.
Software company Teradata pauses raises, says budget is going to AI
Cloud software firm Teradata has told employees not to expect annual salary raises in 2026, and says it is putting the money towards AI instead.
Private equity firm acquires Heritage Imaging
ACP Partners is buying the Boise, Idaho-based mobile diagnostic imaging provider for an undisclosed sum, planning to pursue further add-on deals.
Women's College World Series Game 1: Texas surges past Texas Tech early for easy 7-3 win
We've got a rematch of last year's championship series. Will Texas Tech softball avenge the loss?
Texas vs. Texas Tech softball score, live updates: Women's College World Series Game 1
We've got a rematch of last year's championship series. Will Texas Tech softball avenge the loss?
Microsoft admits Windows 11's right-click menu is a mess, will let you customize it after years of complaints
Microsoft has confirmed that it'll let you customize the context menu to your liking, which means you'll be able to add or remove items.
Grep this: Microsoft grafts (most) Linux commands onto Windows
Coreutils serves over 75 Unix commands in Windows and PowerShell command lines
Ubisoft all but rules out a Rayman 1 remake, says it's near impossible to do
Ubisoft comments on why a remake of Rayman 1 is unlikely to happen.
In Leaked Document, Microsoft Plots How to Get People "Addicted" to Its AI
Microsoft explicitly says it wants to "make people addicted" to its new AI personal assistant agent in internal documents.
Apple Says macOS 27 Won't Be Compatible With These Macs
During WWDC 2025, Apple revealed that macOS 26 Tahoe would be the final major macOS version for Intel-based Macs. macOS 27 will be compatible with Apple silicon Macs only, meaning that you will need a Mac with an M-series chip or a MacBook Neo with an A18 Pro chip in order to install the software update. Apple will unveil macOS 27 during its WWDC 2026 keynote this Monday, June 8, and the update should be widely released in September.
Macy's Lifts Sales Outlook; GameStop Collectibles Business
On this episode of Stock Movers with John Tucker: - Macy's (M) shares are on the move after it lifted its sales outlook for the year, a sign that the company's focus on growing its luxury business and improving its assortment is paying off. - GameStop (GME) shares are climbing after the video-game retailer reported a record quarterly profit driven by its collectibles business. Sales overall climbed 14% to $835.3 million. Net income of $389.6 million was the highest ever for a quarter in the company's history, GameStop said in a regulatory filing Tuesday. - Palo Alto (PANW) shares are dropping as the security software company reported results following a 61% year-to-date rally. The company reported third-quarter results that beat the average analyst expectation and raised its full-year forecast for key metrics, but failed to meet elevated buyside expectations.
Microsoft drives developers toward native Windows apps at Build 2026
Microsoft wants more WinUI 3 apps across Windows 11, and Build 2026 shows how developers can get there with new tools, agents, and hardware.
These iPhones, iPads, Macs may not support Apple’s new software
iOS 27, iPadOS 27, and macOS 27 will be unveiled next week, but certain iPhone, Mac, and iPad models might not support the new software.
Microsoft and OpenAI broke up — now they’re ready to fight
“We have to prove that we can do everything that we need to from the ground up,” said AI chief Mustafa Suleyman.
A first look at Microsoft’s Surface Laptop Ultra and Surface Dev Box
Microsoft has focused on performance, battery life, and display for its Surface Laptop Ultra.
Microsoft and Mayo Clinic partner to build healthcare AI model
Mayo Clinic will own the model, which will be trained on de-identified patient data and initially deployed for use by its clinicians
Habits form far faster than science previously thought, research shows
Hopkins team studies whether a region of the brain plays a key role in developing habitual behavior, a discovery that could point to ways to alter entrenched habits
Your business software doesn't know what's happening
Why it occurs and what to do about it.
The cult of objectivity has broken consciousness science
With 22 competing theories and no consensus in sight, the science of consciousness is lost. In this exclusive IAI interview, Berkeley psychedelics researcher and bestselling author of a new book on consciousness Michael Pollan insists that even though consciousness lies beyond traditional forms of scientific investigation, we should resist becoming dualists who see it as something radically different from ordinary stuff in the world. Instead, he makes the case for reimagining science itself: it must stop reaching for objective descriptions of physical reality, and instead embrace subjectivity as the indispensable core of all inquiry. Alasdair Craig: How did your experiences with psychedelics get you interested in consciousness?Michael Pollan: One of the things that happens on psychedelics is that they foreground consciousness. What formerly seemed perfectly transparent and ever present—and yet, non-existent, as water is to fish—suddenly you see it. The metaphor I use in the book is that psychedelics sponge the windscreen. Suddenly you realize: wow, there’s a windscreen, there is this phenomenon that’s mediating my relationship to reality. This is not an unusual realization on psychedelics. I think a lot of people are called to think about consciousness after psychedelic experiences. So that was the proximate inspiration for A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness (2026).And then there was a more specific way in which psychedelics influence the book. That was a particular experience I had on psilocybin. I had the sensation that the plants in my garden were conscious and returning my gaze, with their own point of view and agency, and I got curious as to how to evaluate an insight like that. I mean, what’s the truth quotient of insights you have on psychedelics? And I was reading William James—who, of course, wrote beautifully about mystical experience—and he said, we can’t judge the metaphysics here, but we should pay attention to two criteria: (1) How useful is it to think this is true? He was a pragmatist, of course. And (2) can we subject it to other ways of knowing to validate it? Because maybe we should treat these insights as hypotheses. And that’s kind of how I approach psychedelics, as a great generator of hypotheses, but they need to be tested against other ways of knowing. And so that led me down this long path exploring the science of plant intelligence and plant sentience.AC: I love your phrase, “smudging the windowpane of conscious experience.” So do you now start to think, actually, even when I’m not on psychedelics, I’m just seeing a screen all the time, which is not reality, but rather is my conscious experience, behind which reality is hidden?MP: Well, you know, not when I’m brushing my teeth and making breakfast! But yes, in meditation, certainly. I mean, one of the things you realize is that my experience happens to be this way now, but it could be another way. And many things can affect it. My morning coffee changes the screen in various ways, sharpens certain things.___The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness.___There’s this wonderful metaphor in Aldous Huxley’s book, The Doors of Perception, where he thinks we channel consciousness, and that what the brain does is edit it, and there’s a reducing valve. And psychedelics open the reducing valve wider. I don’t know that I’m ready to buy into the idea that consciousness exists outside brains, but I do love that metaphor because there are times when you are more conscious than others. I know I’ve switched from window pane to valve, but you know, a camera aperture can open wider or narrower. And I do have a sense of that. I have a sense of when I’m being less conscious, and when I’m being more conscious, by which I mean, you know, more present, taking in more sensory information. So when you start thinking about consciousness as a matter of degree, that changes things also.I think when we scroll on social media, obviously, we’re conscious. But minimally so, because we don’t have to generate our own thoughts. We’re basically taking these little hits from other people and thinking their thoughts.The process of writing this book made me kind of relativize everyday consciousness as just one type, which is exactly what William James said. Normal consciousness is one type, separated by the flimsiest of screens from the other types.AC: If we stick with the metaphor of the smudge on the window that you get when you take psychedelics, it seems like we’re saying that consciousness has become like an object that you’re looking at, right? You’re looking at the smudge and that just is consciousness. But sometimes we’ll talk about consciousness as a state that you’re in, rather than an object you can perceive. You’re either conscious or you’re not conscious. So it’s difficult to really know what sort of thing we’re talking about when we talk about consciousness, right?MP: Yeah. When you say that consciousness is an object, what’s the subject? Consciousness also? The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness. So we’re in a closed loop and when we get a perspective on consciousness, we’re not achieving any distance from it. That’s one of the problems with studying consciousness. Science is predicated on an objective, God’s eye view of things, and you never get that. There’s no such thing. SUGGESTED VIEWING The brain filters consciousness With Àlex Gómez-Marín But, yeah, there is this sense, I think, that consciousness is something you can approach. Certainly, when you’re writing and trying to recreate a conscious experience, it’s a fiction, but you’re standing back from it, and looking at it. But there’s no real subject-object distinction.AC: That’s so interesting, because when philosophers start talking about consciousness, they often talk about what they call “qualia”, which is their word for the felt experience of, say, the color red. And I think that way of speaking often makes us think of the qualia as an object, which you can see out there: the redness of red. But, as you say, we also want to collapse the subject-object distinction when we talk about consciousness. So there’s something strange going on here…MP: Oh, yeah, there are many strange things going on! *AC: Let’s talk about the varieties of consciousness. Apart from perceptions, there are, pains, emotions, thoughts, and so on. What is it that holds all this diversity together so that they all count as instances of consciousness? What is it that they all have in common?MP: Yeah, that’s a really good question. I mean, there is sensory information, right? Which we perceive coming from the world outside ourselves. And then there’s internal information, which is what’s called interoception. And this is very important too. This is where feelings come from—what are sometimes called homeostatic feelings—that are intended to get the brain to keep us in these narrow ranges of temperature and glucose and so on. That’s a very important part of consciousness. And according to some researchers, who I think are probably right, this is where consciousness begins, with these very primal feelings, like hunger and thirst and warmth and itch, and things like that. And then there’s this third thing, which is our thinking about thinking.And what holds all this together is, I think, the sense of self. Consciousness generates a self: it is probably an organizing principle. All this stuff is happening to the self. It’s a construct, I think, but it is very useful. It can connect all these different streams of consciousness to a single being or a place, metaphorically speaking.* AC: The first half of your book is about the science of consciousness. Is consciousness just another thing, like black holes or the origin of life, which we don’t yet understand, but which we should have every hope that science will one day get to the bottom of, or is there something special about consciousness that makes this unlikely?MP: It depends how you define science. As we define science now, it’s going be very difficult. Science since Galileo has had a set of rules or assumptions, which is that the proper remit of science is to deal with the objective, quantifiable, third-person world. And the physical sciences have done amazing work under that set of limitations. Galileo—for tactical reasons, not for philosophical reasons—said science should not deal with the soul, which at the time was what consciousness was considered to be. So what is subjective, what is qualitative, what is first person, we’re going to leave to the church, he said. And this was a good agreement, and it probably kept many scientists from getting burned at the stake. But it leaves science in an awkward spot, now that it wants to venture into that territory of qualities, of first-person experience. And I don’t think it has the proper tools. I think it will have to add to its toolkit in some way, and find a way to bring in phenomenology, or lived experience and introspection, which science is usually dismissive of.The challenge—we alluded to it earlier—is that the only tool you have to study consciousness with is consciousness. And what I mean by that is, the whole scientific enterprise is a manifestation of consciousness. As much as scientists like to flatter themselves with this idea that they attain a godlike perspective on what they study, when it comes to consciousness, there’s no such thing. And it’s fine for all the things you can step outside of and study from that perspective. But two areas it won’t work are consciousness and cosmology.___It could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.___With cosmology, too, you have to study the universe from inside the universe. It’s not that cosmologists haven’t made progress. We know a lot about the age of the universe and expansion and things like that. But we can’t penetrate what happened before the Big Bang. We just don’t have the tools because we can’t stand outside.The fact that there are 22 full-scale theories of consciousness tells you all you need to know: we’re kind of lost. And I was surprised to find that we are more lost than I thought we were when I started this. I thought that there’d be leading theories, or that we had experiments that we could conduct that would nail some of this down. And the fact is, we don’t.So, I don’t know if science can solve it. But, of course, we can change the rules of science. A really influential book for me was a book called The Blind Spot, by two physicists, Marcello Gleiser and Adam Frank, and a philosopher, Evan Thompson. It’s a reminder that science is a social practice. It’s organized in a certain way and it can be organized in a different way. But it has this huge blind spot at the center of it, which is its failure to recognize that it is a form of consciousness itself, and it doesn’t have a good way of taking account of lived experience.AC: On the one hand, I think you want to resist traditional dualism, which would say that consciousness is something magical, something supernatural, right? But on the other hand, you’re accepting that there is this division in reality between the stuff that you can investigate objectively and measure, and so on—the stuff that science has been good at finding out about—and consciousness, which, for some reason, you can’t objectively measure. Some would take this to suggest that the dualism is actually right. Is there a way of reconciling these two strands of your thinking?MP: To call it magical is full of value judgement. I mean, you could just say immaterial. The interesting thing is, I think, that intuitively we’re all dualists. And I don’t know whether that’s because we’re children of Descartes and other cultures are less dualist than we are. Or it may be because that’s how consciousness feels. It feels different than the body. It feels separate from the body. But I don’t think we should trust that intuition.AC: So let’s think about ways that science might be changed to get at consciousness. I suppose the starting point would be the way that you begin the second half of your book. You have this nice line from William James, where he says, “We now begin our study of the mind from within.” Could you give us some sense of the ways of studying the mind from within? What does this involve?MP: I don’t know what that science looks like. But one of the points I’m making is that it depends on the humanities. I found that I learned as much, if not more, about consciousness, from reading novels and poetry. There is a sense of the fullness and complexity of consciousness that you don’t get in any scientific account. I interviewed this stream-of-consciousness writer and I approached her as an expert on consciousness, and she is. So I think that dialogue is really important.I’m reading Ben Lerner’s new novel, Transcription. Just read the first page of this novel: it’s a man falling asleep on a train, going to conduct an interview, and there is the experience of being in the train, facing backwards, there’s the view outside, but there’s a reflection of himself through which he’s seeing outside. There’s the memory of dropping his kids off at school. All this is going on in one moment of consciousness. Scientists aren’t going anywhere near that. But I think it’s useful for them to think about. That’s where we’re trying to go: like, how does such a layered experience happen? You know, it also makes you wonder, could a computer ever do this? And it gives you some doubt.*AC: Before we get to computers, perhaps we could talk briefly about plants. How did you come to feel that they are sentient?MP: Well, it was a psychedelic experience, and it’s not unusual on psychedelics. In fact, there’ve been studies about how people become animists during psychedelic experience. Their belief in animism arises after a single psychedelic experience.You know, most scientists would say this is all a myth. But we have only 400 years of the age of enlightenment and science. Before that, we were animists, and if you go around the world, most indigenous cultures are still animists, and children are animists, by and large, until they go to school. So it could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.As I said, I wanted to test this idea, and see whether there was conventional scientific evidence for it. And there’s fascinating work going on in a field that calls itself—in a rather cheeky way—plant neurobiology. These are people who fully realize there are no neurons in plants, but they’re trolling conventional botanists! And they’re doing experiments that are demonstrating that plants can learn and remember, which is kind of amazing: how do you store a memory without neurons? They’re finding plants that can solve problems, that can hear and see. In fact, they have 20 senses to our five or six. For example, a bean plant looking for something to twine, and given a pole within eight inches or so of it, knows where that pole is and will aim its spiraling reach at that pole. What is that about? Is it bouncing signals off of it?One of the spookiest things is the fact that the same anesthetics that put us out put plants out. You might think that plants are already out, but they’re not. They’re just slow. If you take a plant with a fast behavior, like a Venus flytrap, and give it an anesthetic, it will stop reacting. So you have to ask yourself, what is lost when the plant is anaesthetized? Some state of alertness, of awareness, of its environment, of reactivity. I’m not prepared to call that consciousness, but maybe it’s sentience—which is a simpler form of consciousness, and involves the ability to sense what’s going on in your environment and assess what’s good and bad for you and act appropriately. That may be a universal quality of life.AC: Let’s turn from plants to AI. You point out that LLMs are trained on the internet rather than direct interactions with reality. You put this really nicely when you say the internet is not the world so much as a shadow cast by the world. So LLMs are living in this kind of shadow world, or in Plato’s cave, as you put it. What’s the significance of this for AI consciousness and moral consideration? And, to recall the beginning of our conversation, if we’re stuck behind a veil or screen of consciousness, are we also stuck in a kind of shadow world?MP: I don’t think they’re the same shadow worlds because our world includes nature and other people. And even if it’s mediated in some ways... There is a reality out there, and we are in relation to it, through consciousness. There’s friction with it. What’s missing from the LLMs is that friction with the real world. There’s more to the world than human representation, which is what they’re dealing with. And that means that so far, AI is a cultural technology for combining thoughts we’ve already had. SUGGESTED VIEWING Cracking the code for thought With Roger Penrose, Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski, Max Tegmark, Güneş Taylor Genuine creativity is more than collage. A lot of what AI does now is tantamount to collage, putting this with that and you know, that’s part of art, certainly. But there are also genuinely new ideas that come into the world that don’t come in through manipulating the representations we already have. So it remains to be seen whether AIs can be truly creative in that more radical sense.But my arguments against AI becoming conscious have to do with the fact that the idea of AI consciousness is based on this faulty metaphor that the brain is a computer. There are dimensions in which the brain is like a computer—it certainly does its share of computation. But computers have this sharp distinction between hardware and software, and brains don’t. In a brain, hardware and software are identical. Every memory is a physical change to the brain. Brains are not interchangeable in the way computers are. So this idea that you could take the consciousness out and somehow run it on another substrate, a silicon substrate, seems foolhardy.Anyway, it’s a more extended argument, and I may be wrong. And when we move to computers that aren’t based on silicon—neuromorphic computers and things like that—all bets may be off.AC: Regarding your point about LLMs being stuck in the world of our representations—the internet or whatever—and not being able to interact with reality, are these representations, the world of the internet, themselves part of reality? We’ve created the internet, but it’s still a real thing that exists. And so while the LLMs may be trapped within that part of reality, they’re nevertheless within reality and interacting with it and so on. So it’s not obvious that there’s a barrier there to them becoming conscious and being creative.MP: Yeah, I mean, if our consciousness is built out of human culture, which is what we’re talking about with all those representations. But I tend to think consciousness comes a bit more out of nature and friction with the natural world, but...AC: So there’s a fundamental divide between the natural world and human artefacts?MP: And we lose track of that, and especially people in this computer world. You know, the people who are creating these AI systems, my guess is they’ve been into video games since the age of three, and they didn’t go outside a lot. And their own contact with nature is somewhat limited. I could be wrong, it’d be a very interesting thing to ask, all the wizards of AI, whether they like to go fishing and hiking and do things like that. Or were they on computers from a very early age? I interviewed Blake Lemoine, the Google engineer who came to believe that LaMDA, the Google LLM out at the time, was conscious and deserved personhood. It was very clear that he didn’t see a distinction between this bubble in which he lived and the real world. And I think we’ve all been distanced from the natural world, and this is taking us even further away. But it’s still there, you know, and we still have bodies, and we’re still mortal, and we don’t live in a simulation.AC: I think that’s a great place to finish. Michael Pollan, thank you very much!
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The work you can't always see: Beer is political, part 2
Recently I published a piece about beer, politics, and the question of who speaks up and who doesn’t. I meant every word of it. I still do. And then my inbox opened up. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe I’ve been writing about beer since 2014. For most of that time, I kept things deliberately light — taproom profiles, new releases, the people behind the pints. Gradually, over years of building this thing, you gave me something I didn’t expect: permission. Permission to go deeper. To say what I actually saw in this industry and what I actually believed about it. That trust isn’t something I take lightly. It’s why that piece existed at all, and it’s why this one does too. I’m not walking anything back. But I want to go further. In that piece, I wrote that beer has never existed outside the system. That immigration policy affects who staffs breweries and harvests ingredients. That labor policy affects taproom workers. That civil rights policy affects who feels safe walking into a taproom. That “beer does not exist in a vacuum. The idea that it does is comforting. It is also false.” I believe that as much now as I did when I wrote it. But one idea came back at me, in different forms, over and over (from reader emails, comments, and conversations): that beer itself isn’t political — that it only becomes political when someone decides to make it that way. That what we’re really seeing is a choice by individuals to inject division into something that doesn’t inherently require it. It’s a comforting idea. It’s also wrong — and I think it’s worth being precise about why. That framing assumes that breweries operate outside the conditions shaping everything else. That politics is something you choose to bring into a room that was, until then, clean and neutral. That if you stay quiet, you stay clear of it. But the room was never neutral. It was never clean. Politics is already in the room. It’s in who walks through the door comfortably and who hesitates. It’s in whether a space can be used for organizing without fear. It’s in whether helping someone quietly might carry consequences you have to think carefully about in advance. It’s in who staffed the brewery, who harvested the grain, who can afford to be a regular. The idea that you opt out of all that by staying quiet is an illusion. You only change how visible your response to it is. This is, I realize, a hard thing to hear if you came to a beer newsletter for something lighter. I wrote recently that “beer, for me, has always felt like a refuge — a third place in an increasingly fractured world.” I meant that. I still do. But a refuge is not an escape from reality. It’s a place to gather strength to face it. Here’s what I actually missed — and what I want to correct. Multiple people in the industry reached out to me. I’m not naming them and I’m not identifying their businesses, because that’s not my call. If and when they want to be loud about what they’re doing, that agency belongs to them. What I can share is the substance of what they said, because it complicated something I presented too cleanly. The overall message: *You don’t know what we all are doing.* And they’re right. I don’t. One example involved a collaboration brewed quietly to support another business facing serious challenges in a whole different region, with proceeds directed toward solidarity, community, and keeping operations afloat. No announcement. It could have been broadcast widely. The point was never publicity. Another example involved logistical support for community efforts: organizing safe transportation, providing space for meetings on otherwise closed days, facilitating gatherings under difficult conditions. All of it happening while balancing real financial pressure and genuine concern for personal safety. None of what they described is a brewer “deciding to make beer political.” It’s people responding to the conditions around them — conditions that are already shaping who feels safe, who has access, who can gather, who needs help, and who has the capacity to offer it. Politics, again, already in the room. Already shaping choices. Whether anyone announced it or not. I’ve spent decades in taprooms, at barrel releases, at festivals, in back offices and brewing floors, talking to the people who built this industry from nothing. I know how much happens that never makes it onto social media. I know the owner who quietly comp’d a tab for someone having a crisis. The brewer who drove an hour to pick up a stranger who needed a safe ride. The taproom that stayed dark on a Tuesday so a community group could use the space without it becoming A Whole Thing. None of that gets a post. Most of it never will. So when I wrote recently about silence — when I said that “silence right now doesn’t feel neutral, it feels like complicity” — I was writing about what I could see. And I was right about what I saw. The public silence of breweries that have the platform, the stability, and frankly the safety to say something and choose not to? That still troubles me. I’m not softening that. But some of what I read as silence is actually something else entirely. It’s people doing the work with their hands instead of their phones. It’s people who are genuinely afraid — not of being canceled, but of real consequences for their families, their employees, their ability to keep the doors open at all. That deserves more than a footnote. It deserves to be named clearly. Here’s the tension I want to sit with honestly: public statements matter. They matter because people can’t rally around something they can’t see. Visibility creates awareness and solidarity. It helps people find each other. It tells someone standing outside your taproom door, uncertain whether they’ll be welcomed inside, something they need to know — or whether it’s even safe for them to be in public at all. That’s not performative. I wrote recently that the craft beer movement “was built on collective defiance. It was built on rejecting consolidation. On pushing back against homogeneity.” I believe that too. And I’ll extend it: breweries should be at least as loud about their values as they are when they drop a new seasonal. Your hazy IPA gets a full rollout — the label art, the tap handle photo, the countdown post. Human dignity deserves the same energy. Be as loud about human rights as you are about your beer. There is no reason those two things should require different levels of courage from you. But visibility isn’t the only form of courage. And not everyone can be visible right now without real consequences — financial, personal, sometimes physical. There are people in this industry doing hard, unglamorous, sometimes risky work in the background, and announcing it would compromise it or paint a target on someone who’s already stretched thin. That’s not silence as complicity. That’s operational discipline under pressure. What I want to push back on — clearly, not gently — is the idea that behind-the-scenes action and public visibility are in competition with each other. The person organizing quietly in the back room and the person posting a statement of solidarity on a Tuesday morning are both doing something real. We need both. We need the quiet infrastructure and we need the visible signal. We need people to know that this industry — at its best, at its most independent, and human — gives a fuck. I closed that piece with a question: “Reactive and fearful? Or clear and values-driven?” That question still stands. But having heard from you, I’d add a corollary: the values-driven path isn’t always the loudest one. Sometimes it’s a phone call and a recipe. Sometimes it’s a room made available on a closed Tuesday. Sometimes it’s a drive across town for someone who needed a safe ride home. All of it is political. All of it was always political. You don’t get to opt out of that — you only get to decide what you do with it. I’ve spent more than a decade writing about this industry because I believe it can be exactly that. I’ve been lucky enough to build an audience that lets me say so plainly. That’s a privilege I intend to use. The work is happening. Some of it you’ll see. Some of it you won’t. Support it either way. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication covering beer and brewing across New York state. To receive new posts and support this work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe