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Carlsen, WR Chess Back In Business As World Team Blitz Championship Begins
Magnus Carlsen bounced back from 4 losses in a row to win his first 8 blitz games and wasn't even the highest scorer as WR Chess cruised to victory in Pool A and then eased into the Quarterfinals.
NBA mock draft 18.0: What I'm hearing, updates, rumors about all 60 picks
With just a few more days until the 2026 NBA Draft, fans will soon know exactly where each prospect their begin his professional careers.
Beyond the World Cup... 5️⃣ stories shaping Saturday
The national football scene is boiling over this Saturday with an explosive mix of boardrooms, asphalt, and grass. While the LALIGA EA SPORTS transfer market begins to stir with strategic moves in the...
Community Challenge Chaos Sparks
The Chaos Cubed game drop might’ve launched, but the mayhem is just beginning with our Chaos Sparks Community Challenge! Your mission is simple: pick your team, cause a ridiculous amount of chaos, and help the entire community earn some extra-special rewards, including a surprising add-on from Blockception!
San Diego begins installing parking meters in San Ysidro Business District
To develop the plan, city leaders worked with the San Ysidro business community. Revenue collected from the meters is reserved for transportation, parking and safety improvements in San Ysidro.
Back two years later to finish the Newport Bermuda Race
The Newport Bermuda Race, which begins Friday off the shore of Fort Adams State Park, dates to 1906, making it the oldest regularly scheduled ocean race in the world.
Texas Science & Natural History Museum opens new bat exhibit
During summer sunsets, Austin locals and tourists alike eagerly wait near the Congress Avenue bridge. Each evening, nearly 1.5 million bats emerge from underneath the bridge to begin their nightly flight to find food, covering the orange sky with black silhouettes. Open until August 2027, the Texas Science & Natural History Museum’s newest exhibit, “Masters...
DC Wrap: Oil tankers begin to move in strait; Obama celebrates center opening
A look at the day's biggest stories in national politics
Why Buying Health AI Is Just the Beginning
Health leaders haven’t figured out how best to integrate AI products into their workflow, nor how to demonstrate the financial return on their investment, panelists said at a U.S. News Healthcare of Tomorrow conference in Washington Thursday. Health systems are struggling to “take something like ...
Student-loan borrowers can now receive repayment interest benefit
The Education Department announced a 1% student-loan interest-rate deduction for borrowers who enroll in autopay beginning July 1.
San Diego begins installing parking meters in San Ysidro business district
The City of San Diego is beginning to install 286 metered parking spaces this week in downtown San Ysidro in an effort to increase parking turnover, it was announced Thursday.
Grand Theft Auto VI Preorders to Begin June 25
Take-Two Interactive Software said preorders for its hotly anticipated Grand Theft Auto VI begin June 25 on digital storefronts and at select retailers.
Grand Theft Auto 6 pre-orders begin June 25th, cover art revealed
Wallpapers are now available at up to 5K resolution.
REV Ocean Begins First Operational Research Season With Ten-Mission Science Program
The missions cover seamount ecosystems off Brazil, in the Sargasso Sea, and across the Eastern Tropical Pacific—alongside Sargassum dynamics, mesophotic and deep-sea biodiversity, transboundary MPA networks, and the science-to-policy pipeline.
GTA 6 Cover Artwork Revealed, Pre-Orders Begin June 25
Rockstar has just revealed the cover artwork for GTA 6, and announced that pre-orders will begin on June 25.
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation Begins Search for New Chief Science Officer as Co-Founder Dr. Howard Fillit Transitions to Emeritus Role
/PRNewswire/ -- The Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF) today announced that its Co-Founder and Chief Science Officer (CSO), Dr. Howard Fillit, is...
UT San Antonio names Corey Pashea vice president for development, health affairs and health system
Beginning Aug. 17, Pashea will lead development efforts supporting the university’s academic health center.
Vice president for development, health affairs and health system named
Corey Pashea, MHS, was named vice president for development, health affairs and health system of UT San Antonio, following a national search. She will begin Aug. 17.
WNBA expands its season to 50 games
Interest in the WNBA has never been greater, so the league is giving its fans more. On Wednesday morning, the WNBA announced that beginning with the 2027 season, the WNBA’s regular season has been expanded to 50 games, up six games from the 44 regular season games that teams currently play. “Demand for the WNBA…
New clown, mother-daughter trio specialty act among new entertainment at 2026 Reno Rodeo
The 107th annual Reno Rodeo begins Thursday at the Reno-Sparks Livestock Events Center with Xtreme Bulls, which is followed by nine nights of PRCA action. This
A’ja Wilson leading early charge for All-Star votes
A’ja Wilson is eyeing an unprecedented fifth MVP award this season, and fans are noticing as the All-Star Game begins to pull into view.
Deep-red state wrapped race calls before DC started counting, despite same poll deadline
Alabama called races within an hour of polls closing while D.C. officials didn't begin counting ballots until nearly three hours later Tuesday.
In Georgia’s Capitol, Republicans' redistricting session to begin without maps
Georgia is the next Southern state where Republicans are convening to redraw political districts in ways that could diminish the political power of Black and other nonwhite voters
World Cup Day 7 What to Watch: Tournament favorites Portugal and England begin their campaigns
Falcons minicamp roundup: Highlights and updates from Day 1
Falcons begin minicamp: Latest highlights and updates from Day 1
Aspirus Health Welcomes Certified Nurse Midwife Tylynn Morrison-Vidar to Rhinelander Clinic
RHINELANDER, Wis. – Aspirus Health is pleased to welcome Tylynn (Ty) Morrison-Vidar, CNM, a Certified Nurse Midwife, to the care team at Aspirus Rhinelander Clinic – N. Shore Drive, located at 2251 N Shore Drive. Morrison-Vidar brings a strong background in women’s health, beginning her career as a Labor and Delivery nurse from 2018 to 2025. She further expanded her clinical expertise while serving as a student midwife from August 2024 through January 2025. In addition to her clinical work, she has cont...
Oklahoma begins choosing a new U.S. senator and governor in crowded primary
If no candidate receives at least 50% of the vote, the top two will have a runoff Aug. 25.
Health Outcomes Data For Wearables Key To Medicare Coverage Expansion
Insurance coverage of wearables is spotty. This could soon change as Medicare begins a pilot to facilitate access to wearables while gathering data on health outcomes.
From The Sports Desk: Four World Cup games, four tightly contested draws on Monday
It was the first time since 1958 that four World Cup games on the same day all ended in ties. Also, Kylian Mbappé, Erling Haaland, and Lionel Messi all begin competition today.
Questions surround Bo Nix's health as Broncos Minicamp begins on Tuesday
New York begins mailing STAR property tax credit checks to 3 million residents
Homeowners who are eligible and registered for the program will receive their check before the deadline for their school taxes.
Vance’s Book Tour Begins With a Visit to ‘The View’
The vice president is promoting his book about faith and facing questions about his political ambitions and the war with Iran.
Insta360 Luna Ultra review: Let the gimbal camera wars begin
Insta360's first gimbal camera is a high-powered Osmo Pocket rival that you can actually buy.
Oklahoma begins choosing a new US senator and governor in crowded primary
Race set to test Donald Trump’s iron grip on the Republican party
Red Sox start 3-game series with the Blue Jays
The Boston Red Sox host the Toronto Blue Jays to begin a three-game series.
Free outdoor event Movies by the Bay returns
Movies by the Bay runs Monday nights at the Jackson Street Pier in downtown, with showings beginning at 7 p.m.
Oklahoma begins choosing a new US senator and governor in crowded primary
U.S. Rep. Kevin Hern of Oklahoma is hoping to win the Republican nomination for the Senate seat once held by U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin
Neyland Stadium Entertainment District construction likely to begin this summer
Construction around Neyland Stadium is expected to start this summer.
Falcons begin 3-day mandatory minicamp on Tuesday
Atlanta Falcons mandatory minicamp begins on Tuesday
Video The lifesaving health test many men skip
ABC News' Dr. Darien Sutton explains the key health screening men often miss and why it could be lifesaving as National Men's Health Week begins.
The Iran war’s end is being greatly exaggerated
There are many questions unresolved in the latest ceasefire deal and many ways the conflict could begin again.
President Trump stated four objectives at the beginning of the war in Iran. How many have been accomplished so far?
Cleanup begins after fire destroys homes, business in Columbia [photos]
Columbia Borough residents are assessing the damage after three homes and a business were completely destroyed in a fire that spread through a block in Columbia Borough on Saturday afternoon.
With UFC fight night wrapped at the White House, days of breakdown and cleanup begin
The moment UFC fight night attendees were fully evacuated from the White House South Lawn and the Ellipse early Monday, crews began an extensive cleanup process, breaking down a massive production setup in an effort that is slated to take more than a week.
Businesses feeling strain from AI spending, so OpenAI reportedly weighs price cuts
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman acknowledged the cost concerns he’s hearing from customers, with some corporate users blowing through their annual AI budgets in a fraction of their fiscal years. “That went from, at the beginning of this year, an iss…
Xbox Game Studios boss Craig Duncan steps down
The head of Xbox Game Studios Craig Duncan has stepped down after more than 18 months in the role. Duncan replaced former Studios boss Alan Hartman in November 2024, and oversaw Halo Studios, The Coalition, Flight Sim, Turn 10, Playground Games, Rare, Obsidian, Ninja Theory, Compulsion Games, The Initiative, Double Fine, InXile, Undead Labs, World’s Edge and XGS Publishing. He departs the organization this week. His studios will report to Xbox Chief Content Officer Matt Booty until a replacement is found. Duncan has been part of the Xbox organization since 2011 and is best known for running highly regarded UK developer Rare for nearly 14 years. He oversaw the developer’s Kinect and Sea of Thieves eras. Prior to that, he held various senior roles at Codemasters, Midway and Sumo Digital, and worked cross titles such as Sonic and Sega All-Stars Racing, Wheelman and Colin McRae. He's also VP of the charity SpecialEffect. Subscribe Meanwhile, Xbox Game Studios chief of staff Louise O’Connor will also be leaving the company. O’Connor joined Rare in 1999 beginning as an animator on cult favourite N64 game Conker’s Bad Fur Day. She’s worked in numerous art and production roles at the UK studio, and even won an AIAS award for voicing the character Leafos in Viva Piñata. She left Rare following the cancellation of Everwild in 2025, before becoming chief of staff in September that year. In an email to staff, Duncan wrote: “When I stepped into the role of leading XGS 20 months ago, my purpose was to serve our studios, our teams, and the people making our games. Together, we set out to deliver high-quality games, strengthen the cultural fabric across our studios, and help shape the future of the business. I’m proud to say we delivered many flawless launches that drove business success for the company.” On O’Connor, he added: “Louise has been a thoughtful, creative, and trusted partner who has consistently championed the craft and supported our studios with clarity and care. I’m grateful for everything she’s brought to XGS, and I’m sure she’ll be successful in whatever comes next for her.”
Xbox Game Studios boss Craig Duncan steps down
The head of Xbox Game Studios Craig Duncan has stepped down after more than 18 months in the role. Duncan replaced former Studios boss Alan Hartman in November 2024, and oversaw Halo Studios, The Coalition, Flight Sim, Turn 10, Playground Games, Rare, Obsidian, Ninja Theory, Compulsion Games, The Initiative, Double Fine, InXile, Undead Labs, World’s Edge and XGS Publishing. He departs the organization this week. His studios will report to Xbox Chief Content Officer Matt Booty until a replacement is found. Duncan has been part of the Xbox organization since 2011 and is best known for running highly regarded UK developer Rare for nearly 14 years. He oversaw the developer’s Kinect and Sea of Thieves eras. Prior to that, he held various senior roles at Codemasters, Midway and Sumo Digital, and worked cross titles such as Sonic and Sega All-Stars Racing, Wheelman and Colin McRae. He's also VP of the charity SpecialEffect. Subscribe Meanwhile, Xbox Game Studios chief of staff Louise O’Connor will also be leaving the company. O’Connor joined Rare in 1999 beginning as an animator on cult favourite N64 game Conker’s Bad Fur Day. She’s worked in numerous art and production roles at the UK studio, and even won an AIAS award for voicing the character Leafos in Viva Piñata. She left Rare following the cancellation of Everwild in 2025, before becoming chief of staff in September that year. In an email to staff, Duncan wrote: “When I stepped into the role of leading XGS 20 months ago, my purpose was to serve our studios, our teams, and the people making our games. Together, we set out to deliver high-quality games, strengthen the cultural fabric across our studios, and help shape the future of the business. I’m proud to say we delivered many flawless launches that drove business success for the company.” On O’Connor, he added: “Louise has been a thoughtful, creative, and trusted partner who has consistently championed the craft and supported our studios with clarity and care. I’m grateful for everything she’s brought to XGS, and I’m sure she’ll be successful in whatever comes next for her.”
Throwback comic Jim Norton performs at the Englert
Comedian Jim Norton talks about the beginning of his career and working with Louie C.K. ahead of his show at the Englert on June 25.
👀 Spain wait on Lamine, can he play this afternoon?
The Spanish national team begins its World Cup campaign this afternoon (18:00 CET) against Cape Verde. The big question surrounding the starting eleven is the physical condition of La Roja’s young s...
A new chapter begins for Football Italia
Football Italia is proud to announce the launch of a brand-new YouTube project that brings you even closer to the biggest stories in Italian football.As part of our expanded coverage of Serie A and th...
Hernandez, Snell Seen Working Out on Field Amid IL Stints
Los Angeles Dodgers stars Blake Snell and Teoscar Hernandez both worked out on the field at Dodger Stadium on Sunday. Snell has only made one start for the Dodgers this season, missing the beginning of the year with fatigue and…
All Whites' Stamenic aims to do late father proud
Swansea City's Marko Stamenic will be thinking of his inspirational dad as New Zealand begin their World Cup campaign.
Why Marketing Feels Harder as Your Business Grows by Nathan Tayloe
At some point, most growing businesses hit the same moment. What used to feel straightforward starts to feel more complicated. Marketing takes more effort. Results feel less predictable. What once worked consistently begins delivering mixed outcomes. It is easy to assume something is broken. In many cases, nothing is. The business has simply reached a different stage. What Worked Before Starts to Lose Its Edge Early on, growth is often driven by a few things working well at the same time: Referrals are strong The value of the offering is clear The team is aligned Decisions are made quickly Marketing, in that stage, tends to feel easier because the business itself is easier to understand. As the company grows, that simplicity fades. The audience expands. Services evolve. New people join the team. More channels are added. More decisions are made across more touchpoints. Marketing is no longer communicating one clear story. It is trying to represent a more complex business. Complexity Creates Friction That added complexity does not always show up immediately. It builds over time. Messaging starts to drift. Different parts of the business describe what they do in slightly different ways. The website no longer reflects how the company actually operates. Sales conversations evolve faster than the brand. At the same time, more activity is introduced to try to keep growth moving: New campaigns More content Additional platforms More tools and reporting The volume increases. The clarity does not always keep pace. That is when marketing starts to feel harder. It’s Not a Lack of Effort Most teams respond to this stage by doing more. More output More meetings More adjustments More experimentation That effort is not misplaced. It is often pointed in the wrong direction. When the underlying issue is a lack of alignment, more activity tends to create more noise. Results become harder to interpret. Decisions take longer. Progress feels inconsistent. From the outside, everything looks active. From the inside, it feels less certain. The Real Shift As businesses grow, marketing becomes less about execution and more about alignment. The companies that navigate this transition well tend to refocus on a few fundamentals: A clearly defined audience A strong, consistent position in the market Messaging that reflects how the business actually operates Alignment between leadership, marketing, and sales When those elements are in place, execution becomes more effective again. Marketing does not necessarily become easier, but it becomes more consistent. A Different Kind of Discipline Growth introduces more opportunity, but it also demands more discipline. What worked when the business was smaller often cannot be scaled without adjustment. The systems, messaging, and decision-making that once felt intuitive need to become more intentional. That is not a sign of failure. It is a normal part of growth. Marketing feels harder because the business has become more complex. The solution is not to outwork that complexity. It is to bring clarity to it. The companies that do that well tend to regain momentum quickly. Those who do not often stay busy without seeing the same level of progress. — Learn more about how we help organizations align strategy, brand, and execution. Visit tayloegray.com, or reach out directly at nathan@tayloegray.com.
NBA Offseason Begins: Giannis’s Future, Draft, and KAT Extension
The NBA Draft is in nine days.
The Netherlands’ completely mad run 🇳🇱🔥
The Netherlands are about to begin their World Cup campaign, against Japan.In their last appearance in 2022, the Dutch were knocked out by Argentina on penalties. A legendary quarter-final that has r...
Previewing a mammoth week: Texas Tech vs. Big 12, CFP expansion meeting and Senate bill markup
The future of major college sports will begin to take shape over a mammoth four-day stretch beginning June 15.
Apple's big Siri update is here. Now the real challenge begins
Siri is finally getting the big AI upgrade Wall Street has been waiting for. But it's just the beginning.
ADHD is linked to chronic pain and other conditions. Here’s what we know.
Though it’s not yet clear whether the links are biological, research is beginning to uncover promising connections.
Voters cast first ballots in primary season as early voting begins
Social Preview text goes here.
Here’s what you missed: A week of big announcements in politics and law enforcement
It was a busy week across the Upstate, beginning with Primary Election Day and ending with some notable arrests and convictions. Here are some of the major stories you may have missed from this week.
Mobile County Health Department begins aerial spraying for mosquitoes
The release says the flight route included operations in and around the Cochran-Africatown Bridge area and other areas.
Workers begin removing Trump's name from the Kennedy Center
The work came hours after a court-ordered Friday deadline.
Workers begin removing Trump's name from the Kennedy Center
The work came hours after a court-ordered Friday deadline.
Workers begin removing Trump's name from the Kennedy Center
The work came hours after a court-ordered Friday deadline.
Apple’s big Siri update is here. Now the real challenge begins
Siri is finally getting the big AI upgrade Wall Street has been waiting for. But it’s just the beginning.
In Retrospect: Poland, Russia, Europe
In April I spent a few days with Zryw, a Polish non-profit organization that recruits young people to enter politics and public life. Their aim is to build a new generation of civic leaders in Poland. I’ve followed their evolution from the beginning; my son is one of the founders. (“Zryw” means “impulse” or “burst of speed” in Polish). Julie Chmielewska, one of Zryw’s leaders, interviewed me at the event. Here is the conversation, lightly edited for grammar and context: Julia Chmielewska: Assuming that culture shapes institutions, could we conclude that some cultures are more prone to authoritarianism? Anne Applebaum: I don’t think so. Every culture, every nation, and every country has the potential for change. When we look at history, we can see that nations do change. Poland has changed, for example, from the 1980s to today. There’s a completely different mentality here than the one I encountered when I first visited, in 1988. The current generation sees the world through a different frame. So no, I don’t believe that certain nations are doomed to authoritarianism, or to anything. Of course, there are political and cultural traditions, but they can always be challenged. JC: So do you think there’s something intrinsic in human nature that pushes people to democracy, freedom? AA: I think there is something in human nature, a deep instinct, that pushes people towards freedom, yes. People who live in authoritarian countries – and I’ve heard this from them over and over again – sooner or later find themselves angered by a feeling of helplessness. They can see the unfairness of crooked courts, irrational political decisions. They naturally dislike the fact that somebody has all the power while they have none. In those circumstances, people who have no political background at all sometimes are politicized just by that frustration. I’m thinking of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, for example, who was a Belarusian housewife, until the circumstances of her husband’s arrest forced her to become a politician. I met a woman who is a Uyghur from China, and who had come to live in Turkey. After several of her family members were arrested, she too was propelled into a political role. These kinds of experiences make people interested in democracy or political reform, even if they thought they didn’t care. I also think that the opposite is true: some people instinctively prefer homogeneity, order, hierarchy. They don’t like the confrontation of opinions or the noise of debate, and they lean towards a single leader or a unified regime. I think that most of modern history is shaped by the clash between those two different sides of human nature. JC: Which force do you find more powerful today? AA: I think they both have a lot of power and there’s no way of predicting who wins. Even in countries that seem very shut off or stuck in an authoritarian system can change. We’ve seen that happen. And vice versa, I think democracies can also begin to fail and slide into authoritarianism. So it’s very important not to be complacent in either direction. JC: I want to go into your history and your experiences. You’ve lived in Russia during a time of incredible change in the late 80s, and then you came back to do research in post-Soviet Russia. AA: I was a student in Russia just before the collapse of the Soviet Union. I then traveled and worked there extensively in the 1990s, and I met people who really were full of hope. They hoped that Russia could become a democracy, or at least a place that guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of the press. These weren’t ideas that came from Washington. Although now the narrative in the Kremlin is different, I met many people who were working towards exactly that kind of transformation. A friend of mine ran a series of seminars – once a year, and then later several times a year, in cities all over Russia – designed to get people to discuss politics in new ways. She invited young politicians and journalists, as well as foreigners. I went to many of them, in Moscow as well as Volgograd and Novosibirsk. Over two decades, hundreds of people came to these seminars, and all of them wanted Russia to be different. I remain convinced that many Russians still want Russia to be different. It’s just that the old system, in the form of Putin, a representative of that system, returned. The KGB reimposed their power. And this wasn’t because of something to do with culture, this was to do with money and politics, and who was in charge. JC: You’ve partially answered my question... I wanted to ask whether that excitement of the 1990s was an exception from the Russian historical norm which has been rather authoritarian? AA: Of course, if you look at the history of Russia since the 18th century, there have always been liberal groups, reformers and revolutionaries. There were the Decembrists, in the early 19th century, and the rural populists later on, who tried to organize the peasantry. A significant group of liberal Russians appeared at the turn of the 20th century, people like the father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov, who was a Russian politician before the revolution. These groups were small in number, but sometimes had a broader significance. The Russian dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s actually invented the modern human rights movement. It was their idea to hold the leaders of the Soviet Union accountable for the language they used, to remind them of the treaties they had signed and the promised they had made. They created the Helsinki group, for example, that held Soviet leadership to the language of the Helsinki Treaty, which formally ended the Second World War and which contained guarantees of human rights, at least on paper. That idea spread to Eastern Europe, and similar tactics were used here in Poland. (Benjamin Nathans recently wrote a great book about the Soviet dissidents, To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause) JC: But seemingly, even if they do ever get power, they could never hold on to it. AA: We don’t know, because they have never really had power. But in any case, we also don’t know what will happen in the future. There is no reason to assume that Russia will forever be condemned to totalitarianism. Even during the first fifteen years of Putin’s regime there was some form of democratic politics. Only when the full-scale war began did he bring everything to an end: he shut down all remaining independent organizations and killed his most important opponent, Alexi Navalny. But does that mean he is popular, that he enjoys legitimacy? Even now, we don’t really know what Russians think about him, or about the war. There is no way of doing real polling in Russia because nobody will answer an independent pollster over the phone. JC: Do you think that the flock of young people, especially young men, who fled Russia after the start of the war represent a continuation of liberal movements that refuse to partake in the authoritarian state, or do you think they are moving for the sake of self-preservation – “I don’t want to go to the army, so I leave”? AA: I’m sure it’s both. I actually know many people who left Russia for political reasons either in the very last years before the war, or else just after the war began. JC: And do you see a change in the young generation versus the old one that have fled? AA: It’s hard for me to say because the people who I know were mostly already politicized. I do know some younger people who left, but most of them were already either active in the opposition, or working as journalists. Many of them very self-consciously think of themselves as maintaining Russian culture abroad, just as in the 20th century the Soviet dissidents or the anti-communist White Russians once thought of themselves as people who maintained the true Russian culture, outside of Bolshevik Russia. JC: Let’s move on to Poland. One of your first experiences with Poland was reporting on Margaret Thatcher’s first state visit, in the autumn of 1988. You followed her around the farmers’ market. AA: She was making a symbolic gesture. She wanted to welcome free markets, but the only one she could really visit was the farmers’ market at Hala Mirowska. JC: And I want to talk about this area because today you can look out of any window in that district, Mirów, and see rows and rows of skyscrapers. How does it feel to see a country built from the ground in such a short time, both politically and economically? AA: You know, when you’re living in a period of dramatic change, it’s always hard to know whether the change is positive or negative. The transformation in Poland created winners and losers, as well as new classes of people, new political movements of different kinds. At the time, it sometimes just felt like turbulence. Now, we can look back at the 1990s and early 2000s in Poland and see in retrospect that the country was headed in towards prosperity and European integration. In around 2009 or 2010, I remember speaking to a woman who worked cleaning government offices, and who asked me if her daughter should study in Amsterdam or in London. This seemed to me to be a real transformation, and it happened very fast: within a few years, Poles stopped feeling like second-class Europeans, and a generation of younger Poles appeared who had no qualms about crossing borders. JC: We again live in turbulent times. Do you think we’re heading towards positive outcomes? AA: I can’t make predictions, because everything that happens tomorrow depends on what people do today. Also, history doesn’t have a trajectory. It doesn’t move in a particular direction. You only think it does afterwards. As I said, you can look afterwards at Poland in the 1990s and you could say this was a period of great progress. But not everybody at the time saw that. Sometimes people are very wrong about a given country’s trajectory. I remember people writing about Ukraine in the 1990s, about how dangerous it was that Ukraine was independent, that this was going to be an anti-semitic state, that Ukrainian nationalism was going to come back... and although you can say many bad things about Ukraine, the country made many bad choices, actually it became a pretty tolerant state which now has a Jewish president and until recently a Muslim defense minister. JC: In the 1990s Poland’s and Ukraine’s GDP were roughly similar. Ukraine was even a bit richer. So the starting point was similar for both of these countries, but they’ve turned out very, very differently. Even if we stop in 2014. Why do you think Ukraine “chose East”? Was it external influence? AA: No, I think Ukraine was in a different position. First of all, central and eastern Ukraine had been part of the Soviet Union since the 1920s, and had therefore experienced a longer period of occupation, repression, Sovietization and even Russification. Ukraine did not have, as Poland did, an alternative elite: a large cadre of economists and politicians, who already had some experience in opposition politics and in independent thinking. In Poland, the transformative finance minister, Leszek Balcerowicz, had already thought about how an economy might be decentralized before he took office. We can argue about how successful he was, but at least he was prepared to try something new. In Ukraine, people weren’t prepared. For one, there hadn’t been much space even for an illegal opposition in the previous couple of decades. Ukraine was also in many ways still emerging from colonial occupation. For the previous couple of centuries, many of the most capable Ukrainians had moved to Russia, and the first generation of leaders in independent Ukraine tended to be former Soviet apparatchiks. They didn’t immediately seek to become closer to western Europe. Instead, they looked for some kind of economic and political “third way” and an accomodation with Russia. Ukraine became stuck in this position, half-in, half-out and became pretty profoundly corrupt. JC: The Polish alternative elite had a vision of where they wanted the country to go. I think the general perception now is that this vision ends with the next election, right? Is this a natural process of gaining power? AA: Their vision, and it was shared by the time by politicians who now call themselves both left and right, was that Poland should join the EU and NATO, as fast as possible. My husband (Radek Sikorski) was in the very first government that said it wanted to join NATO. At the time this was taken very badly in Washington: the demand for NATO membership absolutely came from Poland, not from the US. But even then, in the early 1990s, many Poles already understood that the Russian sphere of influence would grow once again, that it was important to become part of the transatlantic alliance and an integrated Europe as fast as possible: NATO, the EU, the Council of Europe, all of the trading and security alliances. That consensus lasted through several different governments and over many years, even governments containing former communists. For twenty years, right, left and center disagreed about many things, but they all agreed on the direction that the country should go. In retrospect, that consensus created the basis for prosperity in Poland. JC: And regarding the Polish-Ukrainian relations. We know that antagonisms, e.g. the myth of Wołyń [a massacre of Poles that took place in what is now Western Ukraine, in 1943] are increasingly used in Polish political discourse today. In Ukraine, nationalist historians make heroes out of UPA, the Ukrainian revolutionary army, which is held responsible for this tragedy. Where do you see a start for burying the hatchet? Is the reconciliation of our nations possible? AA: So here’s a strange thing: For more than a decade after they both gained independence, Poland and Ukraine participated in a number of projects that were designed to solve exactly these kinds of Polish-Ukrainian differences. Books were published that were jointly written by Polish and Ukrainian historians, monuments were built. These projects were successful: If you’d asked me this question in 2010, I would have said that there are no real historical issues between Poland and Ukraine, that the two countries had mostly reconciled. For a number of reasons, this began to shift. In Poland, children and grandchildren of victims of the Wołyń massacre felt their tragedy hadn’t been fully recognized. In Ukraine, nationalist groups wanted the UPA partisans who had fought against the Soviet Union recognized for their heroism, despite the fact that some in this broad and not well-defined group were also linked to Wołyń. In both eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the memory of the ethnic cleansing that took place there in the late 1940s - Poles were moved West, Ukrainians East - to accomodate new borders has left feelings of displacement and bitterness. The wave of Ukrainian immigration, which started before the war, may have provoked some of this. But don’t underestimate the role played by Russia, which has always wanted to create discord between Poland and Ukraine, and pumps out propaganda to that effect in both countries. Vandalism on both sides of the border, damage done to cemeteries and monuments, is sometimes carried out by provacateurs working for Russia, just to create bad feelings. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict also hides a different reality: although there are real grievances and bad memories, the truth is that the biggest tragedies both nations experienced in the twentieth century were inflicted by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. That should unite these two countries, not divide them. JC: This week (19.04.2026 – Ed.) in Hungary we saw that using historical narratives to create grievance has no longer worked. Are you optimistic about the direction after Orban’s loss? AA: The Hungarian election was really important because it shows that people can actually resist powerful, dominant propaganda. The ruling party Fidesz controlled all of the TV, 90% of the newspapers, the constitutional court, the bureaucracy... and yet people had the nerve to vote against it and resist it. It’s also an important election because Hungary created a huge network of well-funded think tanks and foundations that were funding other far right groups and projects. So that loss is going to have a knock-on effect in other places too, maybe even in Poland. JC: What you’ve said about resisting propaganda reminds me of one of the interviews you did about talking to Russians in the post-Soviet era who claimed that people knew that the system was lying. Why do people choose to believe in these regimes anyway? AA: Because it’s useful. Stephen Kotkin, an American historian, once described how people would learn how to “speak Bolshevik”: It was just a language that you needed to use in order to get by in society. If you didn’t talk the way the regime wanted you to talk, then you might have problems, or lose your job, or your kids would not get into university. It was a way of getting along. Communist Poland was similar, at least in the early years. When I was writing a book about the Sovietization of Eastern Europe after World War II, I met a lot of people who wanted to talk a lot about the war, when many of them had done really heroic things. But almost nobody wanted to talk about the decade afterwards, between 1945 and 1956. This was when you had the short period of terror, violence and Polish Stalinism. To stay safe, people felt the need to just go along with what others were saying, or stay out of politics, or use communist jargon without necessarily believing it. I don’t judge them for it, and I wouldn’t describe all of those people as collaborators. It’s easy to feel moral certainty in retrospect, because we know that communism ended. But if you were living in 1949, it might not have been clear to you that communism was going to end. In very repressive societies, maybe about 10% of people who are really evil – collaborators, torturers. Maybe 10% of people are really brave and who find ways to resist. And then around 80% of people have kids, they have parents, they have to have jobs and they’ve had to get through it somehow. Strange though it may sound, I’ve found that the work I did on that book is now very useful in explaining some of what’s going on in the United States today. There are plenty of members of the Republican Party in Congress who know perfectly well that Donald Trump says many things that aren’t true. But they avoid criticizing him because it’s inconvenient, because they would get in trouble, because someone would attack them on the internet. So actually you don’t even need mass terror to get people to conform. JC: Is Gen Z reinventing agency? AA: We’ll see. In any generation you can find groups of people who want agency. If you live in a society that’s unfair, for example where a tiny number of people have captured most of the wealth, then at a certain point people rebel. This is always easier for younger people, who have you have less to lose. The question now is how the internet will affect the relationships between citizens and the state, and how it will change organizations. The “Twitter revolutions” people spoke about as early as 2008-9, mass protests organized online, have often proved to be very superficial. Although you can easily join something just by clicking, the work of creating a real movement requires physical participation. Successful mass movements of the past, for example the Civil Rights movement in the United States, were built by people who had spent many years together. They had participated in non-violent workshops together. They practiced and prepared. Just using the you can get everybody to show up at a certain moment, but then when the protest is broken up, nothing happens. It’s also true that the repressive regimes have more recently learned how to use the internet to undermine leaders and movements. Most of all, they now understand how to make people cynical. The form of propaganda that most modern authoritarians use - and I think the Russians really pioneered this - deploys sneering cynicism. Instead of praising the rulers, the regime propagandists mock the opposition movement leadership for being supposedly corrupt or sexually degenerate, with the goal of undermining any kind of idealism. JC: MAGA grew on the internet? AA: MAGA is a real grassroots movement. They had symbols, red hats, they showed up at rallies. But you’re right that the cynicism, the sarcasm and the distrust that the movement embodies came originally from the internet, and this is different. Fifty years ago, most European political parties had a social base in real organizations, in trade unions for Social Democrats, in church groups for Christian Democrats. As people stopped going to church and as the trade unions became smaller, the social base of these parties disappeared. Now people who wouldn’t have known one another in the past meet on the internet and create new movements, many of which don’t last. JC: Is history ending? Going in stale circles? AA: History never ends. In truth, human beings want contradictory things at the same time: order and freedom, stability and change. These things are never resolved, and when a society swings too far in one direction, people always push it the other way. But each time that happens, the result is different. Certainly it is true that we are now in a period when old philosophers and ideas from the 1930s are undergoing a revival. Carl Schmitt, who was a philosopher who was very influential on the Nazis, is back as an influence on both the far left and the far right, once again inspiring people to think that all politics has to be existential, that all politics is about defining and defeating enemies. In the US, some are also bringing back dominionism, the idea that we need a Christian and not a secular state. It’s also true that we are living through a more fundamental shift. The old left-right divide, which was mostly about the size of the state, is much less important now. Instead, we are arguing about more fundamental things: what are our rights, what protects our freedom. Or how much power do we want to give small elites, versus how much power to give ordinary people. In America a small group of very wealthy people now control information, because they control the social media platforms and AI, which means they determine what people will read and learn. Finding a way to preserve preserve zones of autonomy and independent thinking, this is going to be the main task for the next generation. JC: What is the one book that a person interested in Central Europe should read? AA: You could read my book “Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe” which tells the story of how the Soviet Union imposed its culture on the region. Or read Tim Snyder’s history of the region, “The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus 1569-1999.” And everyone should read “The Captive Mind” by Czesław Miłosz, which describes exactly the phenomenon we were talking about: why do people collaborate? I joined Scott Galloway and the brilliant Fiona Hill in a discussion about the wars in Ukraine and Iran, the future of global power, and what these conflicts reveal about America's role in the world. Scott told us that this was the 400th edition of his podcast, which is quite a number: My friend Francesco Chiamulera runs a brilliant series of literary events, Una Colline di Libri, A Hill of Books, in the Prosecco Hills, a region of vineyards and elegant hill towns in the Veneto, north of Venice. We did an event in Vittorio Veneto and also drove and biked around the countryside. Buy Autocracy Inc Buy Iron Curtain Open Letters, from Anne Applebaum is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe
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