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Exclusive: NCAA flags second Tennessee athletics student worker for sports gambling
For second time in a year, a student worker in the University of Tennessee athletics department was flagged by the NCAA for online sports gambling.
George Mason’s Siddhartha Sikdar elected to Virginia science academy
Indian American bioengineering innovator Siddhartha Sikdar will help guide state health technology policy.
A Deluge of A.I. Computing Power Is About to Come Online, Fueling Major Leaps
The number of A.I. chips that provide the computing power to advance the fast-evolving technology is doubling every nine months.
7 events in Lancaster County this weekend, from \'The Tempest\' to an art battle
There's plenty to do in Lancaster County this weekend, especially if you're looking for something that both you and the kiddos can do together.
Flutter Entertainment (FLUT) Back In Focus As Jefferies Sees An Inflection Point In Valuation
Flutter Entertainment (NYSE:FLUT) is back in focus after Jefferies suggested the company may be nearing an inflection point as concerns about prediction markets eroding online sports betting demand start to ease. See our latest analysis for Flutter Entertainment. Recent trading reflects that shift in sentiment, with Flutter Entertainment’s share price at US$109.06 and a 1 day share price return of 3.04%, adding to a 7 day share price return of 8.03%. Despite this short term momentum, the...
Clark Minor out as Health and Human Services’ IT chief
HHS has removed Minor as the agency’s CIO online. The ex-Palantir executive began at the agency in February 2025.
Billy Bob Thornton inducted into SC Hall of Fame for 'meaningful impact'
Billy Bob Thornton was inducted into the SC Entertainment & Music Hall of Fame following his performance with The Boxmasters on July 27 in Liberty.
Claude Chats Popped Up in Google Search Results. How to See If Yours Are Public
Chats posted online by Claude users briefly appeared in Google search results over the weekend. Here's how to check whether you've shared any chats and revoke access.
Survey results to shape Brown County health priorities and future improvement plan
The survey is confidential, and open to anyone in Brown County—age 18 and over—until the end of September, in print or online.
GRETA Comes Online for a New Era of Nuclear Science
After a successful commissioning run, GRETA is ready to give researchers an unprecedented look into the hearts of atoms.
How to watch 'Jurassic Sharks' online – stream 'Shark Week' 2026 from anywhere
The "Shark Week" special brings prehistoric predators to life with the power of CGI
[Galaxy Unpacked July 2026] A First Look at Galaxy Watch Ultra2 and Galaxy Watch9
At Galaxy Unpacked 2026 in London, Samsung Electronics unveiled Galaxy Watch Ultra2 and Galaxy Watch9, expanding the digital health experience on the wrist.
On Air and Online: Spectrum Business Powers Globecast Americas’ Broadcast Evolution
Working with Globecast during the relocation planning phase, Spectrum Business helped design a network foundation that could keep content moving quickly, securely and reliably from day one.
What your internet provider, websites and advertisers see
Your internet provider, websites and advertisers can track your browsing activity even without you posting online. Here's how to limit what they see.
Sports betting industry spending on US midterm elections surpasses $72 million
DraftKings, FanDuel and other online sports betting companies have ramped up election spending on the U.S. midterms to at least $72 million so far, the latest campaign election data shows, as prediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket bring fresh scrutiny — and competition — to online betting.
Here are new businesses that are now open in Milwaukee's north suburbs
From a fast-food restaurant, a chicken wing eatery and an auto and towing shop, discover the latest business openings in Milwaukee's northern suburbs.
Gen Z say selling their secondhand stuff online is teaching them more about business than college—and 85% of hiring managers agree
Exclusive: Hiring managers say running a Depop account impresses them more than an internship or a retail job.
Artist Betye Saar, whose work reflects Black identity, dies at 99
Artist Betye Saar has died in Los Angeles at 99. Saar’s death on Sunday was confirmed by relatives Monday. She would have turned 100 this week. Saar's work explored Black
Health provider announces RRH partnership prematurely
WATERTOWN — After months of Chapter 11 bankruptcy hearings, closures and the ending of services at several of its facilities, North Star Health Alliance on Thursday announced that it would
Some people's chats with Claude AI made publicly available online
Hundreds of conversations with Anthropic’s chatbot were discovered as being publicly accessible.
Online Graduate Business Degrees
Online graduate management and business degrees at NC State’s Poole College of Management prepare students for career success without relocation.
Lancaster County ranks 9th in US for measles cases as health systems tighten precautions
Lancaster County now ranks ninth in the country for the number of measles cases that have occurred in one county or region in 2026.
Indie Game Suddenly Becomes Popular Due To Undertale Mod
Take care of yourself kid, ‘cause someone really cares about you (because you enable them to play Undertale together online)
Flutter Entertainment to Report Second Quarter 2026 Update and Host a Conference Call on August 5, 2026
DUBLIN and TORONTO, July 27, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Flutter Entertainment (“Flutter”) (NYSE:FLUT, LSE:FLTR), the leading online sports betting and iGaming operator, today announced that it will release its second quarter 2026 update before US market open on August 5, 2026 at 7:00 a.m. EDT (12:00 p.m. BST). All related materials will be available through the “Investors” section of the Flutter website at www.flutter.com. Flutter management will host a conference call on August 5, 2026 at 8:30 a.
Business Compliance Guidance for the New Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (VDPOSA)
Vermont has become the 23rd state to enact a consumer privacy law. Read our alert, which covers the VDPOSA’s key provisions and compliance steps businesses should take now.
What about nuclear options? Those take a long time to ramp up.
Even if the state moved aggressively, getting nukes online wouldn’t happen overnight, experts say.
Xbox service is down, with outages meaning players can't play any digital or physical games, after similar PlayStation Network issues last week
Shortly after PlayStation Network's outage last week, Xbox's online services are facing trouble too, with the support team saying work is underway.
Great Allentown Fair Returns in September, free entertainment lineup announced
According to organizers, most performances take place 2-3 times daily, with the full schedule listed online.
Alukunyang Named Track Runner of the Year at HBCU Sports Awards
CROSS ROADS, Texas – North Carolina Central standout Aaron Alukunyang was named the 2026 Men's Track and Field Runner of the Year at the third annual HBCU Sports Awards, which were streamed online Saturday afternoon.
Breaking Down the Hard Business of Measuring Security Culture
By understanding the types of data available and how they can be meaningful, security professionals can develop metrics that are useful in describing and enhancing security culture.
TV Tinsel: GAF royalty Rhiannon Fish returns in 'A Royal Wedding'
After two tries at last Rhiannon Fish is part of royalty — like Meghan Markle. Well, not exactly. Fish’s foray into nobility is by way of the third fictional saga,
What England's local councils tell us about fragmenting politics
Even the most ardent advocate for local democracy would concede that council chambers are not always the most exciting places. Subscribe Whether it’s planning meetings, motions or resolutions, you’d be forgiven for switching off. Unless it’s lockdown and we’re talking about standing orders, of course. Remember Jackie Weaver, who infamously “had no authority here” at a chaotic parish council Zoom call in 2021? Yet, as a general rule since then, council meetings rarely make the headlines beyond local papers and news websites. Reform’s success After Reform’s stunning success at the local elections in May though, the leader of the party’s group on Kirklees Council suddenly found she’d gone viral online for admitting that she didn’t actually understand council procedures. “I don’t understand the constitution”, Councillor Sarah Wood, pictured above, told the council chamber. “I have not had sufficient time to read that as yet. I don’t understand what standing orders are, what they’re made up of, nor do I understand what an amendment is.” Share Channel 4 News Councillor Wood later defended her comments to the BBC, and said that “new councillors and not just us, are coming from jobs”. She claimed that the sharing of the clip mocking her online was an example of “Reform-bashing”. She added: “Yes, we need to know procedures. Yes we need to do the homework. And we have addressed that now and we have put that right.” So, with standing orders getting another moment in the spotlight, not to mention the fracturing and fragmentation from May’s results, we set out to find out how new councillors are doing across England in this new political landscape. New political landscape Where better to start then than Kirklees, in West Yorkshire. Reform is the largest party, the council is under no overall control and has chosen a new leader - Sarah Wood - after two failed attempts to elect one. It is difficult to secure interviews with new Reform councillors, but John Hardie, pictured below, told us it’s been a “whirlwind” since being elected in May. He represents the Dalton ward and told us the party’s lack of political experience hasn’t been a hindrance. “We’ve come with lots of experience, lots of business experience and life experience, and it’s been good, actually, too. And to mix with other councillors who have been in the political world, and we can learn from each other.” Indeed, more parties are now having a say than ever before. In Manchester, the Green Party followed up their victory in the parliamentary by-election in Gorton and Denton by gaining 17 seats on the city council. That makes them the official opposition to Labour, who have long dominated Manchester City Council. [ ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/how-landmark-green-by-election-win) [ How landmark Green by-election win could change British politics ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/how-landmark-green-by-election-win) Krishnan Guru-Murthy · Feb 27 [ Read full story ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/how-landmark-green-by-election-win) Thirza Amina Asanga-Rae, pictured below, is one of those new councillors, representing Moss Side. We asked her how being the official opposition can make a difference. She said: “I think even the fact that we’ve made history in what we’ve done, it’s been a 50-year stronghold of Labour in Manchester, and now that we’ve broken that and chipped in that, there’s real hope that we can not only run the council in the future, but currently hold them to account. So, I think that’s powerful. It’s just going to help shape and build what I call the green wave.” The reality, though, is that several newly elected councillors across the country have already left their roles through resignations, suspensions or defections. ‘It’s a slog’ Asanga-Rae adds: “It’s a job, it’s a slog. Obviously, we’re going through hard times. Austerity is real. We’re talking about food, child poverty, furniture poverty. The list is endless, and I think people who come into a councillor role need to be willing to help, really roll the sleeves up and get involved and help, and I think a lot of the career politicians, who think it’s the ‘la-di-da’ position, get in and realise I’m not going to do this work and bounce.” Share Although Manchester still has a clear majority, many councils, including Kirklees, are now under no overall control. That is perhaps the strongest sign of the political fragmentation we are seeing. Burnley is another example of this. Reform is now the largest party, yet they’re not part of the power-sharing coalition on this council - the Liberal Democrats and a local group of independents. Zulkernehn Hayat, pictured below, is part of The Independent Group. He represents Queensgate ward and told us all councils can benefit from having more independent councillors. ‘This is where I was brought up’ He said: “This is my home. This is Burnley. This is where I was brought up. Why do I need to get approval from somebody in a head office down south somewhere, you know? “This is my biggest argument. If okay, my neighbour comes to me with an issue, I can then take that straight to the council, because I don’t need to get approval from anywhere else. And this is the benefit of being independent.” So, while voters will always inevitably want quick results, perhaps spare a thought for the newly-elected councillors who are still navigating local government - one standing order at a time. 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The return of power politics
Post-Cold War integration increased prosperity but did not eliminate rivalry. Emerging powers and strategic risks are driving a prolonged transition.
YouTube’s health content rewards attention-grabbing videos over reliable medical information
Researchers analyzed 3,958 Korean-language medical YouTube videos and found that clickbait-heavy content attracted more views, likes, and comments. Higher-quality videos from medical professionals and public institutions often received less attention, highlighting a visibility gap in online health information.
‘The Odyssey’ earns $87M in its second weekend, Christopher Nolan’s best second weekend yet
“The Odyssey” continues to captivate audiences in its second weekend, raking in $87 million in North American theaters. This marks a modest 30% drop from its opening weekend, making it
Nintendo maintenance schedule - July 26, 2026 - lots of games downtime incoming
Nintendo has released its maintenance schedule for the week of July 26, 2026. The previously announced Nintendo Switch Online maintenance for next month is still on the docket. On top of that though, a new session has been added. Maintenance is kicking off in a few hours for a bunch of different Nintendo Switch games like Super Smash Bros. Ultimate,...
Downtown business group expands reach
The Downtown Inverness Business Partners has reached a milestone that organizers say will strengthen its voice with city government, create new fundraising opportunities and help support local businesses as the
College Park business sees backlash after Rick Jackson visit
Metro Atlanta business owners are responding to online backlash after hosting visits from Republican gubernatorial candidate Rick Jackson.
Final Fantasy XIV Online Releases For Switch 2 On 4th August 2026
Pre-orders are now live
Nike resets struggling China business
The company is slashing online shopping options and working to improve its physical stores and beef up its local connections.
Picking up a hidden gem card, looking on the upside of shutdowns, a Hyatt safety tip and more (Week in Review)
After recording this week’s podcast episode, I got online to see if I could chat with a representative and product change my US Bank Altitude Go Card (which was originally a Club Carlson Visa back in the day) to a US Bank Altitude Connect Card. Unfortunately, I had a really hard time finding the ability […]
5 Small Businesses Ideas That Can Replace Your 9 to 5 in a Year
From online businesses to service startups, these small business ideas can quickly become your full-time focus.
McConnell faces growing questions about absence nearly six weeks after fall
Scant details have not quieted rumors and online speculation about the former Senate Republican leader’s condition.
Andy Burnham and the rise of ‘aura farming’ in politics
Is “aura farming” the new political superpower? There are some days in TV news when you find yourself standing in the middle of a farm, surrounded by baby goats, trying to explain internet slang. Subscribe This was one of those days. There I was, in wellies, trying to unpack aura farming - a Gen Z term for carefully cultivating your image online so that you look effortlessly cool, authentic and charismatic. The trick, apparently, is that it can’t look like you’re trying too hard. Which, I’ll admit, felt slightly ironic as we filmed an entire report on a farm purely because the word farming is in the title. ‘Shaped by algorithms’ Whether you like it or not, politics increasingly feels like it’s being shaped by algorithms as much as manifestos. Take Andy Burnham. Since arriving at Number 10, he’s been impossible to miss online. One minute he’s out for a casual jog with Mo Farah. Next he’s announcing policy alongside TikTok high priestess Bus Aunty. His social media paints a very deliberate picture: less polished Westminster operator, more bloke from the North who just happens to be running the country. It’s not accidental. Burnham’s “King of the North”, New Order-loving persona has become part of a carefully constructed political brand. Authenticity is now something politicians work incredibly hard to make look effortless. But Burnham isn’t inventing this playbook. Like so many of us doomscrolling on an evening, he’s been influenced online. The digital strategy of New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani, pictured above right, has become a case study in viral political communication, and some of the people behind that campaign have recently been advising the Labour Party in Britain. Their message is simple: if you want to reach younger voters, you need to show up where they already spend their time. Embracing content creators And increasingly, that doesn’t mean traditional news interviews (awkward). It means speaking to content creators like Max from The Career Ladder, whose channels reach around 20 million followers worldwide. His interview with Burnham, pictured below, was posted almost immediately after he became Prime Minister. What struck me wasn’t just the audience size, but something Max told me afterwards: many people in the comments said they’d discovered Britain had a new Prime Minister through his interview. Think about that for a moment. Not through rolling news. Not through newspapers. Through a creator they were already following while scrolling. Share That’s a profound shift in how political information reaches people, one that’s been gathering momentum for some time. It also explains why politicians are embracing content creators and spending millions on digital marketing. Of course, this isn’t unique to one party. ‘Personality before policy’ In many ways, the right were quicker off the mark in building their aura online. Donald Trump built much of his political identity on social media. Nigel Farage remains one of Britain’s strongest political performers on TikTok. Politicians across the spectrum now understand that personality often reaches people before policy does. During a six-week UK general election campaign alone, overall digital ad spending routinely tops £11m. Share Channel 4 News Former Number 10 social media adviser Andrew Wong put it well when he told me that “vibes” can help someone get noticed, but they only work if they’re rooted in a genuine personality. Force it, and audiences spot it instantly. The bigger question is whether internet charisma can backfire on you - especially when you’re Prime Minister. Because behind Burnham’s carefully curated videos is a veteran politician with decades of Westminster experience. The spontaneity is produced. While the authenticity may be genuine, it’s managed. That’s not necessarily a criticism. It’s simply the reality of modern political communication. Aura farming alone is not enough to harvest change. But in the age of algorithms, winning attention may be the first battle. Subscribe Share Channel 4 News Leave a comment
UWGB helping to meet employers needs with accelerated computer science degree
UWGB is helping to meet the needs of local businesses by offering a reduced credit computer science degree.
Everything We Know About Grand Theft Auto 6
When does Rockstar's big open world game come out, will it have online multiplayer, and how much does it cost?
The viral online attack on Pittsburgh doctors that sparked a national debate over vaccines
One by one, the faces of the doctors splashed across the screen in a dramatic video created to reach thousands of viewers with a simple message. The HPV...
New D&D World of Warcraft Crossover Product Leaked Online
In an apparent accidental leak, it was revealed that a new D&D World of Warcraft crossover product is in development, with a full reveal expected at Gen Con.
Ukraine hits Russia's largest online marketplace, hurting small businesses and bringing the war home
The Ukrainian attacks on the sprawling Russian warehouses produced stark images, with massive pillars of black smoke rising above fires that raged at facilities of Wildberries, the country’s biggest online retailer and its equivalent of Amazon.
Mamdani warning to wealthy New Yorkers about 'fair share' sparks online firestorm: 'Full blown communist'
Zohran Mamdani's viral post celebrating New York City's new pied-à-terre tax on $5M+ second homes drew sharp backlash from conservative critics.
Update: The Majority Of PlayStation Network Services Are Back Online
The PlayStation Store is still experiencing issues, however.
Russian entrepreneurs see stock go up in flames as Ukraine targets Wildberries
Russian fashion designer Viktoria Terekhova shipped virtually her entire summer collection of children's clothes last week to the giant warehouse of online retailer Wildberries at Elektrostal, east of Moscow.
Lancaster County public sales: July 24, 2026
Kline, Kreider & Good Auctioneers, of Bowmansville, conducted a public auction of real estate July 13 for Marlin H. Fox at 50, 52 and 52-A Gross St., Ephrata. A three-unit
Rep. Smucker again supports passage of SAVE America voter ID requirements
U.S. Rep. Lloyd Smucker on Wednesday joined House Republicans to push forward a package of GOP priorities including a nationwide mandate for voter identification at the polls backed by President
DAS Companies sells West Donegal Twp. warehouse for $15.1M
Truck stop supply distributor DAS Companies Inc. has sold a warehouse in the West Donegal Township industrial park where it unloaded a larger building in February 2025 during a company
Columbia\'s Fourth of July fireworks rescheduled; here\'s when
After Fourth of July storms caused widespread damage across Lancaster County, many event organizers had to decide whether to cancel or postpone their fireworks celebrations.
Nashville-shot movie seeking extras for big concert scene
Those interested in appearing as an extra can apply online and should be available to remain on set for up to eight hours.
FAU College of Business Earns Top 20 Online MBA Ranking
Florida Atlantic University’s College of Business advanced to No. 18 in the top 20 schools for online MBA programs, according to The Princeton Review, up from No. 36 the previous year.
Firefox 153 contains itself while Thunderbird 153 fixes almost everything
Mozilla walls off your online identities as MZLA unleashes a bumper repair job
Europe fines Google $1 billion for ‘harming’ online rivals
The European Union has fined Google €890 million ($1 billion) for breaching rules designed to promote competition in digital services
Russia's businesses under strain from Ukraine's attacks on Wildberries
Ukrainian drones have hit several retail warehouses belonging to Russia's biggest online retailer Wildberries in a matter of days.
Wildberries: Russia's businesses under strain from Ukraine's attacks on retail warehouses
Ukrainian drones have hit several retail warehouses belonging to Russia's biggest online retailer Wildberries in a matter of days.
Fond du Lac County votes to close inpatient mental health center, effective Jan. 1
The 15-9 vote Tuesday confirmed the closure of the facility, effective Jan. 1.
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez jumps to front of NH 2028 Dem primary field
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-NY,, now leads the 2028 Democratic primary field in New Hampshire, while Marco Rubio closes in on JD Vance.
SSM Health to build $42 million senior living campus on Fond du Lac’s east side
SSM Health plans to break ground in early 2027 and be open to residents in 2028.
By 39-22% NY’ers Say Online Sports Gambling is Bad for New York
1 in 4 NY’ers Placed a Bet on a Sporting Event in the Last Year Of Bettors: 84% Bet With Online Sportsbooks; 54% Bet With Friends or Family; 41% Bet…
7 events in Lancaster County this week, from a cat benefit car show to a Hispanic festival
With a beautiful weather forecast planned, there's no excuse to not get out and try something new this weekend.
Lititz Art Association to open gallery in downtown Lititz
After 60 years of being an organization, the Lititz Art Association will finally have a physical home.
St. Pete Beach parking: Business owners say higher rates drive customers away
Higher parking rates at St. Pete Beach are drawing criticism from local business owners who say the increased costs are keeping visitors away. One owner has launched an online petition urging city leaders to revisit the parking policy before more businesses are affected.
Is PENN Entertainment (PENN) Undervalued After Its Alberta Online Gaming Launch?
PENN Entertainment (PENN) is in focus after launching theScore Bet Sportsbook & Casino in Alberta, along with standalone theScore Casino and Hollywood Casino apps, extending its Canadian online gaming reach across the province. See our latest analysis for PENN Entertainment. The Alberta launch lands while PENN Entertainment’s share price sits at $21.23, with a 7 day share price return of 5.2% and a 90 day share price return of 43.7%. This contrasts with a 1 year total shareholder return of...
Health: Searching For The Source Of Cyclospora
You may have heard of a parasite that’s causing some gastrointestinal distress.Cyclospora has sickened thousands of people across 34 states this summer – more than six times the number reported at this point last year. The CDC has linked a major cluster to shredded iceberg lettuce at Taco Bell in some states. And Taylor Farms de Mexico has now pulled all of its iceberg lettuce from the U.S. market despite an FDA finding that reports that its product contained the parasite were a false positive.We answer your questions about what cyclosporiasis is, how you get it, and why investigators have had such a hard time finding the source.Find more of our programs online. Listen to 1A sponsor-free by signing up for 1A+ at plus.npr.org/the1a.
Kaylee Hottle, deaf \'Godzilla\' actor, killed in car crash at 18
Kaylee Hottle, a deaf actor known for her roles in two “Godzilla” films, has died in a car crash in Maryland. She was 18. The Frederick County Sheriff's Office reports
Madisonville Community College partners with Google to offer free business workshops
This partnership offers a series of free workshops designed to help local entrepreneurs, small business owners and community members strengthen their online presence
Egypt: Release dozens detained over Gen Z online group calling for political change
The Egyptian authorities must release dozens of people detained for their association with a Gen Z online group calling for political change and publishing content critical of the government, Amnesty International said today. Since late May, officers from the National Security Agency (NSA) arrested at least 50 people, including nine women, for being part of the “Gen Z002” group on the social media platform, Discord, which called in October 2025 for toppling President Abdel […]
Sight & Sound\'s productions will stream on Prime Video through Wonder Project
There will soon be yet another way to watch Sight & Sound's films and filmed productions from the comfort of your own home.
Fake Spa Listings Take Deposits, Then Send Customers to Real Businesses
Customers searching online for a late-night massage around Jackson, Mississippi, are finding spa listings with real street addresses, glowing reviews, and around-the-clock availability. The businesses...
Shaky political "science": breakdown of the peer review process
[This article is the latest in our “Shaky Political Science” series. In our 38 page report, “Shaky political ‘science’ misses mark on ranked choice voting,” released in December 2025, we examined over 40 studies focused on ranked choice voting (RCV). Many of these studies suffered from puzzling research methodologies, poorly constructed surveys, unrealistic simulated elections, cherry picked data and faulty analyses that often were contradicted by results from real-world elections (a link to our full paper is here). Here are links to the first four articles in our series: the first one summarizing the overall results of our report; the second one analyzed a study co-authored by University of Minnesota academic Larry Jacobs, which was one of the most error-prone of all the research we reviewed in our report; a third article showing an admirable example of two political scientists holding two other political scientists accountable for their flawed, sloppy research; and a fourth article that analyzed seven studies sponsored by New America’s political reform program that deployed flawed methodology based on “simulated” elections instead of real-world elections, which when combined with some basic misunderstandings of RCV, produced odd and misleading results]. In this fifth article in our “Shaky Political Science” series, we examine two flawed studies on the impact of RCV on voter turnout authored by San Francisco State University professor Jason McDaniel. McDaniel’s research in these two papers stands out for its puzzling methodology, inadequate and cherry-picked data, and faulty analyses that not only misunderstands ranked choice voting but reflects a basic misunderstanding of politics in general. The first of the McDaniel studies actually passed through a peer review process and then was subsequently published by the Journal of Urban Affairs, despite its obvious errors. It is perplexing that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the errors and send it back to McDaniel for a rewrite or outright rejection. This calls into question the credibility of the peer review process itself. The peer review process is supposed to represent the intellectual pinnacle of the profession – a way for academics to certify the quality of each other’s work, and to act as a check against sloppy research. In the case of the McDaniel study, the peer review process failed. Yet his flawed study has been cited dozens of times by other political scientists in their own flawed works — an unvirtuous circle of academic research. Here is the first Jason McDaniel study that we analyzed: “Writing the Rules to Rank the Candidates: Examining the Impact of Instant-Runoff Voting on Racial Group Turnout in San Francisco Mayoral Elections,” by Jason McDaniel, 2016, Journal of Urban Affairs. This study covered San Francisco’s use of ranked choice voting (RCV) in mayoral elections, purporting to show that RCV reduces voter turnout overall, increases voter errors, and has a negative impact on “marginal populations,” i.e. racial minorities, mainly as the result of the alleged complexity of RCV asking voters to rank candidates and having to be familiar with multiple candidates and related dynamics. McDaniel reached these conclusions by examining five San Francisco mayoral elections taking place in odd years (i.e. where there are no federal or state races on the ballot) from 1995 to 2011, comparing three earlier non-RCV races (in 1995, 1999 and 2003) with the later two RCV races (in 2007 and 2011). Only two RCV races were studied, and as McDaniel acknowledged, only the contest in 2011 was “competitive” (that contest in 2007 was the first mayoral election using RCV, and incumbent mayor Gavin Newsom won easily in the first round of counting, earning 74% of first choices and far ahead of the second place candidate who had just 6.3% of first choices). Yet even the allegedly competitive contest in 2011was won by an incumbent with a landslide margin of nearly 20 points. No other elections were studied by McDaniel, even though San Francisco elects 17 other offices besides mayor with RCV, including the 11 seats on the Board of Supervisors (the name for the city council) in even years, and six other citywide offices in odd years. Previous academic research has found that competitive elections can stimulate greater voter involvement and higher turnout. For unexplained reasons, this study ignored at least 34 other RCV races between the years 2004 to 2011, many of which were very competitive and had high voter turnout. Instead, McDaniel’s analysis based its conclusions on data from only a single, marginally-competitive mayor’s race using RCV. These 2007 and 2011 mayoral elections were the only two RCV elections that McDaniel used as the sole basis for his small data set to determine the impact of RCV on voter turnout. Despite having no meaningful data to inform his study, McDaniel nonetheless concluded that RCV lowered turnout when compared to the previous three mayoral non-RCV elections using two-round runoffs. Then, using the same inadequate database of San Francisco elections, McDaniel also found that “Instant-runoff voting is associated with a significant decline in Black voter turnout and White voter turnout…On average, Black voter turnout decreases by 18 points and White voter turnout decreases by 16 points …” But how could he credibly arrive at that conclusion when his study was based on voter turnout in two RCV contests that were not even remotely competitive? Beyond that, McDaniel tacitly admits that the key determining factor driving Black voter turnout was not RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable Black candidate. McDaniel wrote, “Black voter turnout was about 17 percentage points higher for the two elections that featured an African American candidate compared to the three elections that did not” — but one of those three elections did not use RCV. The same dynamic was present for White voter turnout, in which higher turnout was not correlated with RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable White candidate. Beyond that, McDaniel’s voter turnout results, whether correlated with the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections, showed no clear patterns. In his Figure 1, he shows low Asian voter turnout in the non-RCV elections in 1999 and 2003 when there was no viable Asian candidate running, but in the 2007 mayoral election using RCV, there is still no viable Asian candidate, yet Asian turnout increases dramatically. For Latinos, voter turnout is virtually the same in 1999 (no viable Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2003 (leading Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2007 (no viable Latino candidate, RCV elections) and 2011 (leading Latino candidate, RCV elections). Meanwhile White voter turnout increased dramatically from a low in the 2007 mayoral election, in which the leading candidate was a white incumbent, to the 2011 election in which there were no leading white candidates that finished any higher than sixth place with 5.6% of the vote. Clearly other factors were determining voter turnout than either the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections. Despite these inconsistent findings, McDaniel boldly marches forth to render conclusions about the impact of RCV on different groups of racial voters, even though his conclusions are not remotely supported by his data. This looks like the worst kind of “data cherry picking” to cover up a puzzling conclusion based on a poor data set involving only two RCV elections, neither of which were remotely competitive. McDaniel’s cherry picking didn’t stop there. In calculating voter turnout for the three non-RCV mayoral elections in 1995, 1999 and 2003, he failed to mention that in each of these years there was a two-round runoff election, with a first round election in November in which no candidate garnered a winning majority of the vote, followed by the decisive runoff in December. So there were two non-RCV elections in each election year. But McDaniel only decided to include one of the two elections in his data set, apparently the December runoff in each year (which had higher turnout in two out of the three mayor’s races, and lower turnout in the third). So he ignored the November 1995 election, the November 1999 election when turnout was only 45 percent, and the November 2003 election when turnout was only 45.7 percent. This is flawed methodology based on blatant cherry picking, since McDaniel simply omitted three elections worth of data that did not fit within his frame. His study should never have made it through a peer review process, and it is an embarrassment to political science that not only was it approved for publication, but it has been uncritically cited by dozens of other political scientists. Share A “study” without wider context or credible data Lacking a data set that included even a single competitive RCV mayoral race, McDaniel declared that RCV lowered voter turnout in 2011, when turnout was 42.5 percent. But he also ignored -- or did not realize -- that voter turnout in mayoral elections during 2011 had sharply declined in all big cities, including far more steeply in nearby Los Angeles and other cities. In fact, San Francisco’s election in 2011 had the second highest turnout of any mayoral election in the nation’s 22 largest cities from 2008-2011. Was 2011 just a particularly low turnout year all across the country, perhaps because the country was still reeling from the aftermath of the housing market collapse in 2008-2010? McDaniel ignored this factor and did not search for alternative explanations beyond his flawed thesis. Furthermore, while McDaniel suggested that RCV leads to more “overvotes” – which is an invalidated ballot in which a voter, in either a non-RCV or RCV race, makes a mistake and selects two candidates for a single choice – he failed to address that in the June 2012 US Senate primary contest, which used the typical “one-choice” plurality method and did not use RCV, there was more than five times as many overvotes in San Francisco and Oakland than in the RCV mayoral elections in those cities. Additionally, turnout had been significantly higher and more representative in RCV elections for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors races -- that McDaniel didn’t even bother to study -- as compared to previous “delayed two-round runoffs” for those offices, often higher by as much as 40% in the RCV races. Perhaps the most surprising irony was that an earlier study co-authored by McDaniel (Overvoting and the Equality of Voice under Instant-Runoff Voting in San Francisco by Francis Neely and Jason McDaniel, 2015, California Journal of Politics and Policy) found that overvotes are often more common in lower-income precincts, but that the pattern of overvoting is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. Wrote Neely and McDaniel: “[Overvote] errors appear to be a function of complexity in general and not IRV per se…. the pattern of overvoting is similar in both IRV and non-IRV contests…Even among votes cast in a top-of-the-ticket race like U.S. Senate, overvoting occurs in an uneven fashion” (IRV, or ‘instant runoff voting,’ is another name for ranked choice voting in single-winner contests). So McDaniel not only contradicted his own conclusion in his earlier study with Neely, but the earlier study had been an important corrective for one of the most frequently made mistakes made by anti-RCV political scientists – a continual failure to provide crucial context by pairing a comparative analysis of real world RCV elections with an analysis of real world plurality or other electoral methods. Unfortunately McDaniel’s earlier study does not get cited much by other researchers, and McDaniel did not even cite it in his own flawed study analyzed above. Incredibly, McDaniel cherrypicked McDaniel, even as his flawed study has been cited dozens of times. Despite being a textbook example of poor political “science,” featuring both inadequate as well as cherrypicked data, the shelf life of McDaniel’s study has been extended endlessly by other political scientists and media outlets who have cited it uncritically. Equally troubling, the Journal of Urban Affairs put this paper through its peer review process and published it despite its numerous flaws. McDaniel gets it wrong, Part II Not content with producing one shoddy, confused paper, McDaniel produced another one a few years later, here is the link: Electoral Rules and Voter Turnout in Mayoral Elections: An Analysis of Ranked-Choice Voting by Jason McDaniel. San Francisco State Univ. (McDaniel, 2019). In this paper, McDaniel extended his previous flawed research focused on San Francisco, about voter turnout and voter impact, to multiple RCV cities through the 2018 elections. In his data set he included San Francisco, Minneapolis, St Paul, Oakland, Berkeley, San Leandro and Santa Fe. He then compared their turnout in mayoral elections to non-RCV cities, and to mayoral elections in those cities held before first RCV usage, and concluded “a significant decrease in voter turnout of approximately 3–5 percentage points in RCV cities after the implementation of RCV.” But he replicated many of the same mistakes as his first study presented above. While in this study McDaniel attempted to distinguish between various factors, such as odd year vs. even year elections, competitive races vs. noncompetitive, contests with open seats and other factors, the analysis is superficial and inadequate. He attempts to incorporate so many often-conflicting variables that his conclusions are once again unsupported by the actual data, and ultimately unconvincing (this second study never underwent a peer review process). For example, McDaniel declared that for RCV cities “in elections that are more competitive than average (margin of victory less than 20%), there is no significant RCV effect on voter turnout.” Yet McDaniel is a professor in a city, San Francisco, in which the 2018 special election using RCV to fill a mayoral vacancy was exceedingly close, decided by a margin of only one percentage point, and resulted in the second highest turnout in San Francisco history for a mayoral election. Illustrating the complexity involved in assessing the critical factors in turnout, that special election was held on the same election day as federal and state offices, which tends to boost turnout. Yet more voters participated in that RCV mayoral election than voted on the same day in the non-RCV primary for governor in which former San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom was running. Even more puzzling, in this study McDaniel inaccurately cited his own previous study from 2015 with Neely. McDaniel wrote, “Neely and McDaniel (2015) examine individual ballot image files within a natural experiment, and find higher rates of ballot errors in RCV elections compared to non-RCV elections” (emphasis added). However, we quoted from that 2015 study several paragraphs above, and in actual fact Neely and McDaniel actually concluded the opposite -- that the pattern of overvoting – which is the most common form of ballot error – is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. McDaniel also ignored the fact that in Bay Area RCV elections held in even years – at the same time as federal and state elections, when turnout is highest -- the “undervote” (that is, the dropoff in ballots cast for governor or mayor) has declined, which contradicts his thesis that the act of ranking ballots in RCV elections is too complex and presents a barrier for certain demographics of voters. To his credit, McDaniel actually acknowledged another contradiction in his own paper, which found a negative RCV turnout effect in some odd-year elections but not others, admitting that “may present a challenge to the theory that increased complexity [from RCV] will have a marginal negative effect on voter turnout.” But he tried to wallpaper over that contradiction by blaming it on an unlikely source -- bad election administration. McDaniels wrote, “This would suggest that the negative impact of RCV on voter participation may be alleviated by high quality election administration,” without presenting any data or even anecdotes to support such an unfounded theory. While competent election administration of any election, whether RCV or non-RCV, is crucially important, there is no credible research that supports the far-fetched notion that the quality of election administration has much of an impact on voter turnout in US elections, whether using RCV or otherwise. Upgrade to a $5 subscription The unvirtuous circle of academic research It is puzzling how McDaniel’s first study could have survived the peer review process for the Journal of Urban Affairs. The mistakes in McDaniel’s first study above should have been obvious to anyone with a basic understanding of ranked choice voting as well as elections in general, and elections in San Francisco specifically. It undermines faith in the credibility of the peer review process to think that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the egregious errors and reject McDaniel’s sloppy research and paper. And it remains a black mark on political science that this thoroughly discredited study has been cited dozens of times by other researchers. Indeed, in our research paper it became apparent that many political scientists cite each other’s flawed research to pad their list of citations and to legitimize their own flawed research, creating an unvirtuous circle of political science. More broadly, McDaniel’s voter turnout studies, like other studies evaluating RCV’s impact on turnout, lacked a recognition that no credible opinion or research can claim that RCV increases voter turnout merely because so many voters are excited to vote for their favorite candidates instead of “lesser evil” candidates without worrying about spoilers. Instead, with respect to turnout, the advantage of RCV has always been that, in most places where it has been used, it has eliminated a pre-November primary or post-November runoff, which usually saw about half the turnout of the November general election. This is especially true during even years when there are state and federal elections on the ballot which substantially drive turnout more than local contests. Any study that does not adequately account for this non-November primary/runoff vs November general election dynamic, or odd year vs even year election factors, is simply not credible. Both of McDaniel’s studies largely failed on those grounds. Steven Hill and Paul Haughey Share Upgrade to a $5 subscription Thanks for reading DemocracySOS…your digital portal for the pro-democracy movement. Subscribe for only $5 per month to receive full benefits and to support our work. Subscribe
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