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California High-Speed Rail watchdog says cash crisis could mean even shorter Central Valley segment

The California High-Speed Rail project is expected to run out of funding by December 2027, and it could mean an even shorter first segment through the Central Valley than what lawmakers and project officials had been planning, according to the project's government watchdog.

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Sep 20 • 11:25 AM EDT • Politics • kcra.com
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California Politics 360 full episode | Financial troubles ahead for CA high-speed rail

The project’s watchdog is sounding the alarm that the high-speed rail project could be out of money by December 2027.

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Sep 20 • 11:25 AM EDT • Politics • kcra.com
BlizzCon 2026 Debuts Halftime Show With YOASOBI

The J-pop duo electrified the Overwatch World Cup as Simu Liu, T-Pain, deadmau5 and more joined Blizzard's long-awaited return to Anaheim.

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Sep 20 • 11:16 AM EDT • Entertainment • yahoo.com
Mets vs. Phillies: How to watch on Sept. 20, 2026
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Sep 20 • 10:45 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Nashville Predators announce streaming service details, cost, how to watch

The Nashville Predators have announced details about their new streaming service which will begin with the 2026-27 season.

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Sep 20 • 10:27 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Nashville Predators announce streaming service details, cost, how to watch

The Nashville Predators have announced details about their new streaming service which will begin with the 2026-27 season.

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Sep 20 • 10:27 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Watch the Tense New Trailer for Ben Affleck's Netflix Thriller 'Animals'

Ben Affleck wrote and directed the movie, a thriller about the son of an L.A. mayoral candidate being kidnapped.

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Sep 20 • 9:05 AM EDT • Entertainment • yahoo.com
Bengals at Texans: How to watch, TV schedule, and more

Wanna watch a Texans game? We can help you with that.

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Sep 20 • 9:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Jodi's Journal: Weighing the price of data privacy

In a week of discussion over who’s watching us on the road, Jodi considers how data privacy questions could land next in the workplace.

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Sep 20 • 8:36 AM EDT • Business • siouxfalls.business
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Human Rights Watch urges Venezuela to 'protect people's basic rights', release political prisoners

In its first official visit to Venezuela in 18 years, Human Rights Watch said its representatives met with interim President Delcy Rodríguez, foreign diplomats, human rights organizations, journalists, and families of those currently incarcerated.

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Sep 20 • 8:31 AM EDT • Politics • wlrn.org
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Steelers vs Patriots: How to watch, listen and stream

It's Week Two of the NFL regular season and here is your guide to be sure you can watch this week's game between the Steelers and Patriots.

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Sep 20 • 8:02 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Puck Drop Preview: 2026-27 Tampa Bay Lightning

Last Word On Hockey's Puck Drop Previews are back for the 2026-27 season! As the regular season approaches, Last Word will preview each team's current outlook and stories to watch for the upcoming year. We'll also do our best to project how things will go for each team throughout the campaign. Today, we're previewing the …

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Sep 20 • 7:56 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Brahms on a period piano? Like watching snooker in black and white

From the Lebrecht Album of the Week: Johannes...

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Sep 20 • 7:03 AM EDT • Technology • slippedisc.com
Tissot Introduces the First Quartz PRX Chronograph

Tissot adds a quartz chronograph to the PRX collection, pairing its integrated steel design with a cool vertically brushed dial and slim built.

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Sep 20 • 7:00 AM EDT • Technology • watchtime.com
Jaguars vs Broncos: How to Watch Week 2

Game time, TV/radio schedule, betting odds, and more for Jaguars vs Broncos in Week 2.

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Sep 20 • 7:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Sports on TV/radio listings: Sept. 20

Where to watch and/or listen to today's sporting events that will be televised or broadcast on the radio.

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Sep 20 • 7:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Sunday Night Football: How to watch the Indianapolis Colts vs. Kansas City Chiefs game tonight

How to watch this week's Sunday Night Football clash between the Colts and the Chiefs.

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Sep 20 • 6:25 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Minnesota Vikings vs. Chicago Bears: How to watch the NFL Week 2 game, channel, streaming info and more

How to watch the Vikings play the Bears this Sunday.

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Sep 20 • 5:36 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
As a basketball player, Joel watches more film than …

As a basketball player, Joel watches more film than …

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Sep 20 • 5:21 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Pittsburgh Steelers vs. New England Patriots: How to watch, start time, where to stream free and more

Find out how to watch the Steelers vs. Patriots NFL game this week.

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Sep 20 • 5:15 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
It'll be controversial! Liverpool's eye bizarre new transfer

Liverpool have a new transfer plan in mind and it'll prove controversial. The Reds need to have a big think on this one.Liverpool are weighing up their transfer plans for the January transfer window a...

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Sep 20 • 4:35 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Liverpool make Premier League intentions clear with historic announcement

Liverpool are undoubtedly one of the biggest clubs in world football, but the last 18 months on the pitch haven't reflected that. Since winning the Premier League in 2025, the Reds have disappointed,...

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Sep 20 • 4:05 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
What channel is 49ers vs. Dolphins on today? Live stream, time, TV schedule to watch NFL Week 2 game

Here is everything you need to know about 49ers vs. Dolphins, including TV and streaming options for the game.

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Sep 20 • 4:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Liverpool eyeing fourth £100 million signing for January

One of the key weaknesses in the squad that Liverpool failed to address in the summer is the right-wing position. With Mohamed Salah no longer at Anfield and Federico Chiesa out injured, the Reds are ...

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Sep 20 • 3:35 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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☀️ Estupinan starts, Soulé frustrated, Koop benched: morning news

The fifth round of Serie A continues on the day that will then lead into the long break for international duty.Watch the entire Serie BKT live with LaB Channel on OneFootball: subscribe for just €9....

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Sep 20 • 3:11 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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It's confirmed: Electric striker ready to join Liverpool squad

Liverpool have a fantastic striker ready to join their first-team squad. It’s time, that much is clear.Liverpool are low on strikers right now. Hugo Ekitiké's injury has them down to just the one e...

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Sep 20 • 3:05 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
UFC 331 Post-Fight Press Conference Video

Watch the UFC 331 Post-Fight Press Conference video here.

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Sep 20 • 12:14 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Schools rugby looks in fine fettle

THE appetite to watch good schools rugby is alive and well judging by the 2,000-strong crowd that watched Bedford School play Rugby School at Goldington Road on September 4. The Midlands derby, which was a Friday evening fixture played under floodlights at the home of Champ stalwarts Bedford Blues, showed that the heart of community […] The post Schools rugby looks in fine fettle appeared first on The Rugby Paper .

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Sep 19 • 9:59 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) Could Be 6% Undervalued As Premium Formats Lift Attendance

Recent commentary on AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) points to a stronger film slate and higher demand for premium formats. This is lifting attendance and sentiment even as investors continue to watch the company’s leverage closely. At a share price of US$2.70, AMC Entertainment Holdings has seen a 7 day share price return of 9.76% and a year to date share price return of 67.70%, yet the 1 year total shareholder return has declined 10.30%, signalling that recent momentum contrasts with a...

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Sep 19 • 9:26 PM EDT • Entertainment • simplywall.st
Game 155: Twins at Angels

First Pitch: 8:38 pm CDTTV: Twins.TVRadio: TIBN / WCCO 830 / The Wolf 102.9 FM / Audacy The kids have been showing out a bit in Anaheim, providing one of the only remaining reasons to watch 2026 Twins baseball as this underwhelming season has normalized itself to fall back in line with preseason projections. Now, […]

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Sep 19 • 8:38 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
WATCH LIVE: Pete Buttigieg keynotes Texas Democrats Johnson-Jordan Dinner

Former Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg delivers the keynote address at the Texas Democratic Party’s 12th Annual Johnson-Jordan Dinner as Democrats rally ahead of midterms.

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Sep 19 • 6:40 PM EDT • Business • foxbusiness.com
Apple Watch Series 12 and Ultra 4 missing one health-focused feature

Well, this is odd. The handwashing timer feature is currently absent from the new Apple Watch Series 12 and Ultra...

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Sep 19 • 6:16 PM EDT • Health • 9to5mac.com
Exclusive: Liverpool continue to scout striker, he's scored again

Liverpool are continuing to scout and watch one of the best young strikers in Europe. He's only gone and scored again.Anfield Watch understands that Liverpool are carefully watching Paris Brunner. The...

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Sep 19 • 5:10 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Andoni Iraola drops massive hint about Liverpool's next signing

Ronald Araujo has been a revelation since his arrival in Merseyside, and the Uruguayan has established himself already. Although initially signed as a central defender Araujo has already made a compel...

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Sep 19 • 4:40 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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1983 TV Movie Drew Over 100 Million Viewers, More Than Most Super Bowls

Decades later, this TV movie is still the most-watched TV movie in history.

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Sep 19 • 4:15 PM EDT • Entertainment • fresnobee.com
1983 TV Movie Drew Over 100 Million Viewers, More Than Most Super Bowls

Decades later, this TV movie is still the most-watched TV movie in history.

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Sep 19 • 4:15 PM EDT • Entertainment • ledger-enquirer.com
Peacocks vs Eagles: How to watch Leeds United this weekend!

Elland Road hosts another Premier League fixture on Sunday afternoon as Leeds United welcome Crystal Palace, with the Peacocks looking to maintain their place among the early pace-setters.Daniel Farke...

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Sep 19 • 3:24 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Confirmed: Injury costs Liverpool winger; Andoni Iraola forced to pivot

Liverpool don't have the winger they wanted this season thanks to injury. Andoni Iraola has been forced to pivot into something new.Liverpool quite famously lack a balanced squad right now. There are ...

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Sep 19 • 3:10 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
5 things to watch when the Cowboys host the Commanders

How nervous are you about Sunday?

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Sep 19 • 3:00 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Northwestern vs. Colorado: How to Watch, Odds and Injury Report

Here's everything you need to know before the Northwestern Wildcats take on the Colorado Buffaloes in their final game at Northwestern Medicine Field at Martin Stadium

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Sep 19 • 2:00 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Democrats call for investigation into faulty AI-generated intel report

A group of top Democratic senators is calling on government watchdogs to investigate a series of mistakes in US military targeting plans caused by artificial intelligence, after a CNN report detailed how one such error, according to a source familiar with the incident, “almost started a war.”

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Sep 19 • 1:33 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Everyone's finally caught up to Liverpool's biggest problem: Except Liverpool

Liverpool have a massive problem on their hands and people are finally noticing. Except Liverpool, however.Liverpool spent an awful lot of money in the summer once again. Only this time, they didn't s...

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Sep 19 • 1:10 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Amazon cuts Apple Watch Series 12, Ultra 4 prices upon release

Apple Watch Series 12 and Apple Watch Ultra 4 models are on sale this weekend, with Amazon rotating discounts across case options and band colors.

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Sep 19 • 12:27 PM EDT • Technology • appleinsider.com
Chicago Bears vs. Minnesota Vikings: Week 2 Players to Watch

Take a look at @BryanOrenchuk’s players to watch as the Vikings travel to Chicago in week 2.

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Sep 19 • 12:00 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Early Games Thread – Anything Interesting Going ON? -Game Thread

I like college football, but when you look at today’s slate of games, it’s really hard to find something that might be interesting to watch. Therefore I have included all a lot of lower division games. The big game of the day is LSU-Old Miss. Possibly for the number of riots and fisticuffs that could […]

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Sep 19 • 11:45 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
New releases from Blancpain, Czapek, Grand Seiko and more

This past week has been one for the ages. Rolex announces an annual calendar carrying an official nickname for the first time, Blancpain releases one of the smallest mechanical movements to date, and Grand Seiko brings back Arabic numerals after 25 years. There’s plenty more too, spanning other all sort of styles and budgets with … Continued

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Sep 19 • 11:30 AM EDT • Technology • timeandtidewatches.com
Ravens - Saints: How to Watch, Predictions, and More

Everything to know about the Baltimore Ravens' home opener against the New Orleans Saints.

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Sep 19 • 11:16 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Chicago Bulls Guard Expected to "Dominate" Trade Conversations

A newly signed veteran could quickly become one of the league’s most closely watched trade candidates, though the Chicago Bulls' emerging young core may give the team reason to keep him.

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Sep 19 • 11:15 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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How to watch Memphis’ home game against UT Martin

Memphis returns to action at Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium for its final non-conference game against UT-Martin. The Tigers will look to bounce back following a 38-20 loss against Boise State.

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Sep 19 • 11:04 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Apple Watch Ultra 4 Sees First Discount After Launch, Now $779.99 on Amazon

The new Apple Watch Ultra 4 just launched yesterday, and Amazon is offering the first cash discounts on select models for the first time since their launch. You can get the Apple Watch Ultra 4 in Natural with Translucent Gray Ocean Band for $779.99, down from $799.00. Note: MacRumors is an affiliate partner with some of these vendors. When you click a link and make a purchase, we may receive a small payment, which helps us keep the site running.

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Sep 19 • 10:46 AM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com
Apple Watch Series 12 might finally convince me to switch away from WHOOP

Earlier this year, I picked up a WHOOP for the very first time. As a longtime Apple Watch user I...

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Sep 19 • 10:09 AM EDT • Technology • 9to5mac.com
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores

On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. There are over 300,000 followers of Ground Truths so more than 90,000 folks who can easily convert to be free subscribers. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. If you’re not a subscriber, please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths The proceeds from all voluntary paid subscriptions go to support our summer internship program. It enabled us to accept and support a record number of 62 summer interns that joined us in 2026! These are high school, college and medical students selected from thousands of applicants. We couldn’t do this expanded program without the funds coming in through Ground Truths. Thank you!

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Sep 19 • 10:05 AM EDT • Technology • erictopol.substack.com
How to watch UNC’s road matchup against Clemson

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Sep 19 • 10:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Paxton, Talarico Texas US Senate contest tightens in race's final weeks

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Sep 19 • 9:57 AM EDT • Politics • elpasotimes.com
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Sep 19 • 9:09 AM EDT • Health • publichealthwatch.org
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Top Stories: iOS 27 and macOS Golden Gate Out Now, Siri AI Waitlist, and More

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Sep 19 • 9:00 AM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com
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Sep 19 • 9:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Cesar Perdomo vs. Tyler Glasnow

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The Quantified Scientist tests the Apple Watch Series 12’s heart rate sensor

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What are we watching for against Vanderbilt?

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WATCH: Trump says he is banning CNN, MSNOW and Politico from the White House
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Hands-On With the Apple Watch Series 12

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Apple Watch Series 12 vs. Ultra 4 Buyer's Guide

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Where to Watch El Clásico de México LIVE

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Ethan Hawke on 'The Weight' and how kids 'open your heart'

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Global Health Watch: LEN Access Pathways, NIAID Reorganization, Global Fund Report, NIH Lawsuit

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How to watch Eastern Michigan vs Wisconsin: TV, live stream on Peacock and YouTube
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Screenless Wearables Forecast a Minimalist Health-Tracking Future

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