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Results for " verge " 2,067 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle

Insta360’s Snap is a tiny magnetic phone screen for taking rear-camera selfies

Insta360 made a smaller rear selfie screen for your phone.

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Apr 8 • 8:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Continuous glucose monitoring made me continuously crazy

My year of unrest and CGMs.

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Apr 8 • 7:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Continuous glucose monitoring made me continuously crazy

My year of unrest and CGMs.

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Apr 8 • 7:00 AM EDT • Health • theverge.com
Why Microsoft’s war on Windows’ Control Panel is taking so long

It’s all to do with pesky printer and network drivers.

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Apr 8 • 5:23 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Nothing’s noise-canceling CMF Buds 2A are down to $19.99 for the rest of today

The earbuds check a lot of boxes for the price.

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Apr 7 • 6:16 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Amazon is ending support for older Kindles and Kindle Fires

Amazon is finally saying goodbye to older Kindle devices.

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Apr 7 • 5:44 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Vertical browser tabs are better and you should use them

Trust me, this is a better way to Chrome.

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Apr 7 • 1:00 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Satechi’s 3-in-1 travel stand now wirelessly charges your phone at 25W

The upgraded version of Satechi’s folding multi-device charger gets a design update and support for Qi2.2.

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Apr 7 • 12:00 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
The Moto Pad is Motorola’s first US-bound tablet in over a decade

Motorola’s back in the tablet game.

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Apr 7 • 11:51 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
At $150 off, the new MacBook Air is now cheaper than last year’s model

If the new Air’s price increase turned you off, this deal fixes that.

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Apr 7 • 11:39 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
World's fattest parrot — on the verge of extinction 30 years ago — has record-breaking breeding season

Conservationists are celebrating the 105th kākāpō chick to hatch during the 2026 breeding season — the highest number reported since such records began 30 years ago.

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Apr 7 • 10:13 AM EDT • Science • livescience.com
Asus’ lightweight 16-inch laptop is a formidable MacBook Air alternative

Jumbo-sized, yet svelte.

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Apr 7 • 10:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
A wild, wide foldable iPhone dummy emerges amid rumors of a delay

It might be a wide boi

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Apr 7 • 7:27 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Red lights are flashing on the scarcity of oil

Six weeks ago, the world was practically swimming in crude oil. The market was oversupplied and prices were low and stable. But now, some parts of the energy market are acting like the world is on the verge of running dry.

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Apr 7 • 12:01 AM EDT • Business • cnn.com
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Google has launched a free, offline AI dictation app that will automatically polish your speech.

Google AI Edge Eloquent is a new live AI transcription app that requires no subscription and has no usage limits. When you finish speaking, it will also filter out filler words like “um.” It’s currently only on iOS, but Google plans to bring the app to Android and macOS. [Image: https://platform.theverge.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/04/google-ai-edge-eloquent-app-store.jpg?quality=90&strip=all]

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Apr 6 • 5:57 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Netflix is launching a new app for kids games

It’s called Netflix Playground, and it’s out now.

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Apr 6 • 1:00 PM EDT • Entertainment • theverge.com
Samsung’s Galaxy S27 ‘Pro’ could squeeze in between the Ultra and Plus phones

No S Pen, but it will have the Privacy Display.

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Apr 6 • 12:03 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
YouTube’s copyright system strikes again.

Nvidia’s own DLSS 5 trailer was taken down from YouTube after an Italian TV channel — which reportedly used the footage in a segment about the upscaling tech — issued copyright takedown requests for videos using the same clips. The takedown requests impacted some creators using the footage as well. [Image: https://platform.theverge.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/04/nvidia-copyright-takedown.png?quality=90&strip=all]

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Apr 6 • 9:58 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Suno is a music copyright nightmare

Can’t stop the slop.

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Apr 5 • 12:00 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
I let Gemini in Google Maps plan my day and it went surprisingly well

Tired: tokens. Wired: tacos.

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Apr 5 • 10:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
A folk musician became a target for AI fakes and a copyright troll

Murphy Campbell is at the center of a growing storm around AI and a broken copyright system.

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Apr 4 • 1:52 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Anker’s Nebula P1 projector is the portable sound king

When sound trumps portability.

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Apr 4 • 3:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
NASA did eventually solve Artemis II’s Outlook glitch

Even astronauts have issues with Outlook.

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Apr 3 • 4:53 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Lenovo Legion Go 2 suddenly costs $650 more as RAMageddon lays waste to gaming hardware

$2,000 for a Z2 Extreme.

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Apr 3 • 3:19 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
I saved a doomed Windows laptop by embracing Linux

This machine kills forced obsolescence.

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Apr 3 • 11:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
How the Apple Watch defined modern health tech

You can trace the state of health tech today to this single gadget.

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Apr 3 • 10:00 AM EDT • Health • theverge.com
Reddit is moving on from r/all

It’s deprecating the feed.

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Apr 2 • 5:50 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Samsung announces 2026 Frame TVs and the Pro cost less than last year’s

The S95H OLED also gets a Frame-like metal bezel.

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Apr 2 • 11:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Microsoft’s new ‘superintelligence’ game plan is all about business

Its new transcription model is a step towards those goals, says Microsoft AI’s Mustafa Suleyman.

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Apr 2 • 10:00 AM EDT • Business • theverge.com
This even smaller credit card-sized e-reader has one tragic flaw

A credit-card sized e-reader with a big limitation.

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Apr 2 • 9:34 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Las Vegas sports boom raises concerns about market saturation as NBA move looms

Not long ago, the idea of Las Vegas landing major league sports teams was a punchline. Now, the city is on the verge of becoming home to the NFL, NHL, WNBA and

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Apr 1 • 8:28 PM EDT • Sports • news3lv.com
I tested a living room full of cheap Ikea speakers against Sonos and Bose

Do 20 $10 Kallsup speakers compare to a $200 one?

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Apr 1 • 12:30 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
A YouTuber channeled his distaste for the PS5’s design into slick console covers

Would you pay $90 to make your PS5 less ugly?

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Apr 1 • 10:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Nintendo is weathering the storm

For now, at least.

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Apr 1 • 9:30 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
On verge of postseason, Nuggets face future-focused Jazz

The Denver Nuggets are soaring to the finish line and look to post their seventh consecutive victory when they visit the Utah Jazz on Wednesday.

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Mar 31 • 8:25 PM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com
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Amazon is offering up to 50 percent off chargers from Anker and others for its Big Spring Sale

You only have a few hours left to save.

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Mar 31 • 7:00 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Samsung’s new app claims to alleviate motion sickness using sound

Listening to a 100Hz sine wave tone for just 60 seconds could reduce motion sickness symptoms for up to two hours.

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Mar 31 • 3:56 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Anker’s power bank with built-in cables is one of my favorite gadgets, and it’s cheaper than usual

One of its built-in USB-C cables doubles as a carrying strap.

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Mar 31 • 3:36 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
The Galaxy S26’s photo app can sloppify your memories

Slop machine.

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Mar 31 • 2:15 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Sony’s WH-1000XM5 headphones are a whopping 39 percent off

$243 in every color at Amazon.

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Mar 31 • 11:14 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
TCL is taking over Sony’s TV business

Will future Bravia TVs be getting cheaper?

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Mar 31 • 11:14 AM EDT • Business • theverge.com
Samsung finally brings blood pressure tracking to US Galaxy Watches

Six years after it launched in South Korea, and you still need a traditional blood pressure cuff to calibrate it once a month.

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Mar 31 • 9:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Nvidia rolls out DLSS 4.5 update with new frame generation features

Nvidia’s new app beta has arrived.

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Mar 31 • 9:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
The AirPods Max 2 are a great sequel, but not an ambitious one

Improved sound and ANC with more features but the same look.

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Mar 31 • 9:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Apple at 50: a visual history

Apple’s journey from rebel startup to global domination, in photos.

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Mar 31 • 7:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
A new RCS update could connect iPhone and Android video calls, someday

An easier way to video chat with friends across platforms — potentially.

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Mar 30 • 1:19 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
The latest Pixel 11 leak shows slimmer bezels and an all-black camera bar

The Pixel 11 may have a couple of design tweaks in store.

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Mar 30 • 11:52 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
For $200 more, you can get a MacBook Air

Joanna Stern talks Apple’s most imitated product

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Mar 30 • 9:05 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Steve Jobs and the greatest run of products in tech history

iMacs. iBooks. iPods. For 10 years after Steve Jobs came back, Apple couldn’t miss.

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Mar 30 • 7:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Bluesky’s new app is an AI for customizing your feed

Social vibes.

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Mar 29 • 5:44 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Galaxy S25 users brace an important month ahead

April is on the verge, and Galaxy S25 users awaiting the One UI 8.5 update brace for an important month ahead. Samsung seems to have a different plan for the owners of its last year’s flagship lineup, which already feels frustrating. It’s all about the One UI 8.5 update. Galaxy S25 users want One UI […]

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Mar 29 • 1:31 PM EDT • Technology • sammyfans.com
Apple’s long, bitter App Store antitrust war

Apple’s iPhone empire spans the globe — and so does legal pushback.

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Mar 29 • 8:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Marco Rubio draws 35% support in CPAC straw poll, while Ron DeSantis gets 2%

Divergent paths.

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Mar 28 • 4:18 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com
Bluetti’s Sora 500 solar panel is incredibly powerful for its size

The clear winner for anyone who has limited space to store an extra solar panel.

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Mar 28 • 3:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Sony temporarily suspends memory card sales due to shortages

Sony Japan stopped accepting SD and CFexpress card orders from dealers and consumers today.

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Mar 27 • 6:21 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Anker’s 160W Prime Charger can power three devices at once, and it’s $50 off

That’s the steepest discount since Black Friday.

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Mar 27 • 2:30 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Senate funds DHS after Trump’s TSA pay promise

About 50,000 TSA agents are on the verge of missing a second paycheck

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Mar 27 • 10:42 AM EDT • Politics • theweek.com
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Sony is raising PS5 prices by $100 in April

Even the PlayStation Portal is getting more expensive.

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Mar 27 • 8:20 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Walking a tightrope between a global brand and traditional football: Why Como 1907’s entertainment machine is sustainable, unlike RB Leipzig’s

Como 1907 is causing a stir in Serie A. The Lombardy-based club, which just a few years ago was languishing in the lower reaches of Italian football, is on the verge of qualifying for the Champions League. At first glance, this rapid rise may seem like a classic ‘football fairy tale’, but behind it lies a calculated strategy, a pile of money – and a surprising amount of sustainability.

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Mar 27 • 6:59 AM EDT • Entertainment • goal.com
Here’s how to rank the 50 best Apple products ever

With more than 1,200 possible pairings, which product will come out on top?

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Mar 27 • 6:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Google is making it easier to import another AI’s memory into Gemini

Prompt your AI to copy-paste its memory into Gemini.

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Mar 26 • 5:44 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Apple will reportedly allow other AI chatbots to plug into Siri

Other AI chatbots, like Gemini or Claude, could help Siri fetch answers.

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Mar 26 • 5:31 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Anker’s wireless charging pad offers Qi2 speeds for $15

You can leave your phone’s case on while you recharge.

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Mar 26 • 5:00 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Xbox’s latest games showcase had Hades 2, The Expanse, and Bluey

A nice lineup.

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Mar 26 • 1:42 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
My brief, weird time with the Samsung TriFold

A funny thing happened on the way to the TriFold.

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Mar 26 • 1:30 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Duraisamy: Supercomputing in service of science and society

Across every frontier of science, engineering and medicine, the convergence of computational science, high-performance computing and artificial intelligence is not merely accelerating research; it is transforming what questions we can ask, what problems we can solve and how quickly solutions can reach the people who need it most. This transformation rests on a foundation that…

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Mar 26 • 9:33 AM EDT • Science • record.umich.edu
The versatile Play speaker is a great way into the Sonos world

It works well both at home and out in the world.

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Mar 26 • 9:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
DJI’s Avata 360 is a more functional, flexible 360 drone

There’s a second 360-degree drone in town — except in the US.

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Mar 26 • 8:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Intel and LG Display may have beaten Apple and Qualcomm with the best laptop battery life ever

Over 26 hours of web browsing in one test.

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Mar 25 • 8:33 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Razer’s new Blade 16 gaming laptop has an Intel Panther Lake chip and very fast RAM

Thin is still in but AMD is out.

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Mar 25 • 4:36 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Woot is offering over 20 percent off Switch 2 controllers and games today

Mario Kart World is nearly $30 off right now.

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Mar 25 • 3:04 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Nintendo is going to charge less for digital Switch 2 games

The new pricing goes into effect in May.

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Mar 25 • 1:45 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Reddit accounts with ‘fishy’ bot-like behavior will soon need to prove they’re human

Human verification ‘will be rare and will not apply to most users,’ according to Reddit CEO Steve Huffman.

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Mar 25 • 12:10 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Dell made its new Pro laptops thinner and tweaked their naming scheme, again

Say goodbye to Plus, Premium, and Max (mostly). And say hello to a series of odd numbers.

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Mar 25 • 9:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Samsung’s Galaxy A57 gets thinner, faster, and more expensive

Samsung’s 2026 midrangers have arrived.

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Mar 25 • 8:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
In politics, common decency still matters

I am a conservative. He was a progressive. Still, we had many productive conversations and worked together on a few important issues where our views converged.

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Mar 25 • 1:01 AM EDT • Politics • carolinajournal.com
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The BB-777 is the ultimate in boombox nostalgia

It’s a modern recreation of the iconic Sharp GF-777.

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Mar 24 • 10:00 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Apple launches iOS 26.4 with AI playlists, purchase sharing, and more

You can now ask Apple Music to generate a playlist based on a description.

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Mar 24 • 3:22 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Google’s Android Automotive is moving from the dashboard to the ‘brain’ of the car

Better voice assistants and more predictive vehicle maintenance alerts

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Mar 24 • 12:00 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Anthropic’s Claude Code and Cowork can control your computer

Its only a research preview for now.

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Mar 24 • 9:32 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Ayaneo says selling its Windows gaming handheld ‘is no longer sustainable’

The RAM shortage claims another victim.

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Mar 24 • 9:05 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Pacers Sports & Entertainment Launches Fieldhouse Media Network, Delivering First-Of-Its-Kind Global Media Channel for Partners

Deloitte and Yieldmo help PS&E to grow market size through first-party fan data while producing convertible ROI INDIANAPOLIS (March 24, 2026) – Pacers Sports & Entertainment today launched the Fieldhouse Media Network, a first-of-its-kind global AI-powered media platform built on authenticated sports fandom, giving brands measurable access to one of the most engaged audiences – the fan. Developed in collaboration with Deloitte and Yieldmo, the network leverages Yieldmo’s Ymax.ai, an advertising platform with a dedicated sports vertical, and Converge™ by Deloitte for Sports fan data platform built on Deloitte Ascend™ to activate first-party, authenticated data from approximately 250 million sports and entertainment fans worldwide in a privacy-safe, cookieless […]

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Mar 24 • 8:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • fever.wnba.com
Pacers Sports & Entertainment Launches Fieldhouse Media Network, Delivering First-Of-Its-Kind Global Media Channel for Partners

Deloitte and Yieldmo help PS&E to grow market size through first-party fan data while producing convertible ROI INDIANAPOLIS (March 24, 2026) – Pacers Sports & Entertainment today launched the Fieldhouse Media Network, a first-of-its-kind global AI-powered media platform built on authenticated sports fandom, giving brands measurable access to one of the most engaged audiences – the fan. Developed in collaboration with Deloitte and Yieldmo, the network leverages Yieldmo’s Ymax.ai, an advertising platform with a dedicated sports vertical, and Converge™ by Deloitte for Sports fan data platform built on Deloitte Ascend™ to activate first-party, authenticated data from approximately 250 million sports and entertainment fans worldwide in a privacy-safe, cookieless […]

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Mar 24 • 8:00 AM EDT • Sports • fever.wnba.com
Nintendo cuts Switch 2 production amid weakening console sales

Output is reportedly being reduced from six million to four million units, despite the console’s record debut.

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Mar 24 • 7:45 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Gechter exit sealed? This Bundesliga club is his likely destination

According to a report by 'Sky', Linus Gechter's exit from Hertha is likely a done deal. The 22-year-old Berliner, who is under contract with Hertha until 2028, is reportedly on the verge of moving to ...

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Mar 24 • 6:59 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Google’s new Pixel 10 ads made me go ‘wait, WHAT are they trying to sell?’

Confusing and a bit creepy.

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Mar 23 • 3:49 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Two of my favorite color e-book readers are the cheapest they’ve been in months

They’re the cheapest they’ve been since Black Friday.

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Mar 23 • 3:30 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Every bulb on Govee’s new outdoor string lights can display multicolor effects

Level up your patio.

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Mar 23 • 8:00 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
How the term ‘neurodivergent’ moved from activists to pop culture

Nick Minaj is one of the most recent Trump supporters to identify herself as “neurodivergent,” embracing a narrow definition of a once-niche term commonly associated with autism and ADHD.

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Mar 23 • 8:00 AM EDT • Politics • 19thnews.org
Samsung adds native AirDrop support to Galaxy S26 devices

Share files with Apple-using friends

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Mar 23 • 5:47 AM EDT • Technology • theverge.com
Your Thymus and Your Healthspan

Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.

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NASA Exploration, Science Inspire “Project Hail Mary” Film

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