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Buffs land big commitment from former Texas receiver
We are back with more good news! Deion Sanders and Colorado have landed a big-time commitment from former Texas Longhorns wide receiver DeAndre Moore, adding even more talent to a room that has already seen a massive overhaul this portal cycle. (Pun intended) In three seasons in Austin, Moore became a mainstay with the Longhorns. […]
Textbooks Were Wrong: Human Hair Doesn’t Grow the Way Scientists Thought
A new imaging study challenges long-standing ideas about how hair grows and could lead to new treatments for hair loss. Scientists have discovered that human hair does not emerge because it is pushed upward from the root. Instead, it is pulled along by forces generated by a previously unseen netw
Trump administration social posts amid Minnesota immigration tensions seen as appealing to far right
As its immigration crackdown in Minneapolis intensifies, the Trump administration is leaning into messaging that borrows from phrases, images and music about national identity that have become popular among right-wing groups.
Twin Cities transportation business eyes possible weekend service between the cities and Grand Forks
Dave Brown, owner of Transportation Service Plus, said he has seen interest in a weekend service between Grand Forks and the Twin Cities, but price is something he's still figuring out.
Your biggest legal questions about ICE and the Minneapolis shooting, answered
In recent days, Minneapolis has seen tense protests against the Trump administration’s deployment of federal agents to the city for an immigration crackdown that has escalated following the fatal shooting of 37-year-old Rennee Good
From ‘A+’ grade to ‘we can’t stand this much longer,’ Georgia voters take stock of Trump’s first year back in office
Franz Rowland has heard President Donald Trump endlessly brag about a roaring economy, but he’s seen few signs of it from his cotton farm here in southern Georgia.
Trump economist Kevin Hassett: 'We're looking at one of the best years we've ever seen'
White House National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett joins ‘Mornings with Maria’ to outline President Donald Trump’s sweeping affordability agenda aimed at lowering mortgage rates, cutting credit card interest and boosting economic growth.
Trump Administration Restores Nearly $2 Billion in Mental Health Grants
By I. Edwards HealthDay ReporterFRIDAY, Jan. 16, 2026 (HealthDay News) — Federal funding for mental health and addiction treatment programs will continue after the Trump administration abruptly reversed a plan to end nearly $2 billion in grants across the country. Late Tuesday, thousands of grants overseen by Substance Abuse and ...
The Business of Butterworths, the Hottest New Restaurant in Washington DC
When the Odd Lots team was down in Washington DC earlier this year, we had a phenomenal meal at a restaurant called Butterworths. As it turns out, the restaurant is one of the hottest hangouts for the MAGA crowd, with Steve Bannon and others frequently seen in its dining room. Of course, restaurants are difficult businesses in normal conditions, but in DC, you have the added factor that political cycles are changing all the time, and different bars and restaurants become associated with specific parties who go in and out of power. On this episode, we speak with Bart Hutchins, the chef-owner at the restaurant. We talk about everything from sourcing ingredients from small Amish farms, to acquiring beef tallow, and dining room logistics. We also talk about food costs, labor availability, and how the intense worker shortages and price inflation of the post-2020 period still affects how the restaurant is run today. Originally aired 1/2/26. (Source: Bloomberg)
‘Never seen anything like this’: ICE delving deep into Minnesota workplaces
Immigration lawyers say ICE is focusing on smaller employers in workplace enforcement under President Donald Trump’s second term.
How Portland taxes have grown since the pandemic
Businesses operating in the Rose City have seen an increasing number of taxes to pay and keep track of since 2019.
Marketing Science Pioneer David “Dave” Montgomery Dies at Age 87
An entrepreneur and culture-builder, he helped shape the field of business marketing.
Scientists find a natural sunscreen hidden in hot springs bacteria
Researchers studying cyanobacteria from hot springs in Thailand have discovered a new natural UV-blocking compound with impressive antioxidant power. Unlike conventional sunscreens, it’s biocompatible and potentially safer for both people and the environment. The molecule is produced only under UV and salt stress and uses a unique biosynthetic pathway never seen before. This could help drive a new generation of eco-friendly sunscreens and skincare products.
A Look At Live Nation Entertainment (LYV) Valuation After Recent Share Price Moves
Live Nation Entertainment (LYV) has drawn investor attention after recent share price moves, with the stock up 1.9% over the past week and 4% over the past month, while the past 3 months show a 2.6% decline. See our latest analysis for Live Nation Entertainment. Looking beyond the recent moves, Live Nation Entertainment’s 1-year total shareholder return of 13.97% and 3-year total shareholder return of 99.37% suggest longer term holders have seen stronger gains than the shorter term share...
[CES 2026] An Entertainment Companion for Every Moment Seen & Heard
The Entertainment Companion zone at The First Look 2026 marked a new chapter in Samsung’s visual display evolution; building on nearly two decades as the
Cassidy on RFK Jr. vaccine schedule change: ‘Let’s just take care of people and move beyond your ideology’
Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-La.) expressed further frustration Sunday with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) changing the childhood vaccine schedule. The CDC, overseen by Health and Hum…
Missing woman last seen at AnMed Health Campus, police say
Her case number is 26-00381.
Oddball 'platypus galaxies' spotted by James Webb telescope may challenge our understanding of galaxy formation
Astronomers spotted nine galaxies with characteristics that have never been seen as a collection before. It's possible this is a newly found type of star-forming galaxy.
10 quintillion hydrogen bombs every second: Webb detects massive galactic eruption
Scientists have discovered an enormous stream of super-hot gas erupting from a nearby galaxy, driven by a powerful black hole at its center. The jets stretch farther than the galaxy itself and spiral outward in a rare, never-before-seen pattern. NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope pierced through thick dust to reveal this violent outflow. The process is so intense it’s robbing the galaxy of star-forming gas at a staggering rate.
AFC Playoff Predictions: Who Win in the Wild Card Round?
The NFL season has quickly come to a close, and the playoffs are about to begin. Coaches have been fired, hearts have been broken, and first-round matchups have been determined. While the AFC may be the weaker conference this season, it has the means for a playoff spectacle not seen in years. No. 3 Jaguars […] The post AFC Playoff Predictions: Who Win in the Wild Card Round? appeared first on The Lead.
NFL line movement: Odds holding pretty steady for NFL playoffs
The NFL game odds haven't seen much volatility for NFL Wild Card Weekend
A newly spotted asteroid spins faster than any of its size ever seen
Among the first finds from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, the discovery hints at a population of exceptionally strong asteroids.
Never-before-seen footage captures moment scientists find new, giant anaconda species in Amazon
Scientists recently discovered a new species of green anaconda in the Amazon rainforest. A new Nat Geo series shows the moment they encountered this snake in the wild.
A new generation of fans is knitting sports and crafts together with handmade jerseys
The rise in popularity of women's sports has coincided with more people embracing knitting. The results can be seen at stadiums and arenas.
Samsung’s Galaxy S26 trio may actually look like this
Newly surfaced renders show what could be the final design of Samsung’s Galaxy S26 phones. A reliable leaker today shared an image on X, which show major difference from what we’ve seen in CAD renders in the past. Ice Universe is not pulling any punches this time. The tone of the leak matters as much […]
NASA Evacuating ISS Crew After Unprecedented Medical Situation
It's the first time we've seen this happen.
Mandelson accuses European leaders of ‘histrionic’ reaction to Trump’s Greenland stance
Article by former British ambassador to US is likely to be seen as criticism of Keir Starmer
Spurs 'not showing levels they are capable of'
There's not enough intensity to identify the danger. "Those are simple things that, when you've seen Thomas Frank's teams play elsewhere, you know he demands a certain standard of how they press the ball. You see little things like that and it's hard to understand where those little habits come from.
These Are the Coolest Laptops We've Seen at CES 2026
Laptops this year will get new processors, but many computer makers are turning back the clock with designs that are easier to repair and upgrade.
Analysis: Pride as unbeaten run ends
Daniel Farke could not help but ruefully shake his head on the touchline. The Leeds United manager has seen a lot in the game, but this? This was just the sixth time a side had taken the lead three times in a Premier League match only to lose.
Calendar Pick: Workhorses of the Entertainment/Recreational Industry
Composed of veteran musicians Rob Keller (The Welfare Liners), Ben Reynolds (Chickasaw Mudd Puppies), Domingo “Sunny” Ortiz (Widespread Panic) and William Tonks (MrJordanMrTonks), Workhorses of the Entertainment/Recreational Industry is an Athens-based band inspired by the sounds of acoustic rock, traditional folk, country and blues. As of late, the band has played several shows and is working on its album. In a bill presented by local promoter Aubrey Entertainment, the quartet will be performing alongside Scott Low & the Blue Bouillon. Seen sharing stages with artists like Jason Isbell, Chris Stapleton and Shovels & Rope, Low is a folk musician whose sound has been compared to Americana acts like Jamey Johnson and Ryan Bingham, but the influence of artists like Tom […]
[CES 2026] An Entertainment Companion for Every Moment Seen and Heard
The Entertainment Companion zone at The First Look 2026 marked a new chapter in Samsung’s visual display evolution — building on two decades as the world’s No. 1 TV brand. The space was divided into art, gaming and entertainment sections, anchored by the world’s first 130-inch Micro RGB TV and the Vision AI Companion. Samsung
The most useful smart home gadgets I've seen at CES 2026
I'm back on the CES show floor, narrowing down the most compelling smart home devices I've spotted so far.
Flu reaches highest levels in 25 years, likely to get worse, health officials say
Flu activity in the United States has reached the highest levels seen in 25 years, and health officials say the severe flu season is likely to get worse.
We have no idea what most of the universe is made of, but scientists are closer than ever to finding out
Advanced quantum detectors designed at Texas A&M are reinventing the search for dark matter, an unseen force that science has yet to explain.
In a Quebec park, a science game brings predator-prey dynamics to life
Results show that players’ choices echo predator-prey patterns seen in wildlife, though scientists stress the limits of the analogy.
4 takeaways from what Charlotte-region business forecast in the Carolinas for 2026
Hiring, AI, costs and employment levels were all in the six-month outlook in the Charlotte metro area, as seen in a recent census survey.
Downtown Anchorage business says sales are up thanks to the cold
With subzero temperatures blanketing Anchorage throughout the weekend, the effects could be seen with a quick look downtown.
The politics of asylum: How local exposure reshaped UK voting
The UK has seen a sharp rise in asylum applications since the Covid-19 pandemic. This column examines how exposure to asylum seekers affects voter behaviour. The authors find that increases in dispersed asylum seekers – who are provided with accommodation but cannot choose their destination – lead to a sizeable rightward shift in local election outcomes. While migration has become more salient for both of the UK’s main political parties, only Conservative MPs appear to effectively channel local discontent, helping explain why these rightward electoral shifts occur despite little observable change in public attitudes.
Did a planet just vanish? Scientists witness a rare cosmic collision
What seemed like new planets around Fomalhaut were actually expanding dust clouds from violent planetary collisions seen by Hubble.
This ancient fossil could rewrite the story of human origins
Scientists may have cracked the case of whether a seven-million-year-old fossil could walk upright. A new study found strong anatomical evidence that Sahelanthropus tchadensis was bipedal, including a ligament attachment seen only in human ancestors. Despite its ape-like appearance and small brain, its leg and hip structure suggest it moved confidently on two legs. The finding places bipedalism near the very root of the human family tree.
A hidden brain problem may be an early warning for Alzheimer’s
Researchers discovered that clogged brain “drains” show up early in people at risk of Alzheimer’s disease. These blockages, easily seen on standard MRI scans, are tied to toxic protein buildup linked to memory loss and cognitive decline. In some cases, they may signal Alzheimer’s earlier than other commonly used brain markers. This could help physicians detect the disease earlier, before irreversible damage sets in.
Scientists Find a Never-Before-Seen Animal Living in the Great Salt Lake
Utah biologists have characterized D. woaabi, the first of two nematode species recently discovered in the lake’s microbialites.
Draft guidelines aim to streamline complex rebuilding in Lahaina’s business district
The draft guidelines are the latest effort by the county to move forward with rebuilding in the town’s business district, which overlaps a sensitive historic area that has seen little activity since the August 2023 wildfires.
Ashville Business Taking Off, Considering Expansions
ASHVILLE – One of the newest businesses in Ashville has seen an incredible amount of success since the initial opening earlier this year. The family duo, inspired by the structure of a relative’s business, has begun expanding into online operations as a result of this success. The duo is hoping to see a continuous growth […]
Briggs: Toledo-area sports predictions for 2026
ARLINGTON, Texas — I must admit, I was a little nervous when my boss asked me to predict the year ahead in area sports. Anyone who’s seen my college ...
Top 10 people in science for 2025, according to Nature
From a CRISPR baby to a young AI disruptor, 2025 has seen some serious leaps in science and technology. It's also seen some people stand up to the growing pressures facing the science community. Now, the world's leading science journal, Nature, has named 10 prominent figures behind the year's standout moments, which stretch from the darkness of the deep sea to the far corners of the universe.
Teaching faculty power UNC Computer Science’s growth and impact - College of Arts and Sciences
UNC Computer Science fills more than 9,000 course seats every year. So how does it still feel personal? The answer lies with 10 teaching faculty members who have built a culture where students are not just taught — they are seen.
Vermont set to receive nearly $1B over five years for health care reform
“I don't think I've ever seen anything quite like this, frankly,” said Mike Del Trecco, the president and CEO of Vermont’s hospital association.
There’s only one story on Maine list of top sports stories of 2025
Cooper Flagg's ascension to the NBA is something our state has never seen before, and likely won't see again.
In a tumultuous year, US health policy has been dramatically reshaped under RFK Jr.
In the whirlwind first year of President Donald Trump’s second term, some of the most polarizing changes have taken place within the Department of Health and Human Services, where Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has openly rebuffed the medical establishment as he converts the ideas of his Make America Healthy Again movement into public policy. Since entering office in February, the health secretary has overseen a dramatic reshaping of the agencies he oversees, including eliminating thousands of jobs and freezing or canceling billions of dollars for scientific research. As part of his campaign against chronic disease, he has redrawn the government's position on topics such as seed oils, fluoride and Tylenol.
Chinese state hackers use rootkit to hide ToneShell malware activity
A new sample of the ToneShell backdoor, typically seen in Chinese cyberespionage campaigns, has been delivered through a kernel-mode loader in attacks against government organizations.
'The Last of Us' season 3 to recast Danny Ramirez's character
Danny Ramirez has seen the last of the post-apocalyptic landscape of 'The Last of Us' — the role of Manny will be recast in the upcoming third season.
Local sports as seen through the lens of the Kitsap Sun in 2025
See the favorite sports images that Sun photo journalist Meegan M. Reid captured this past year.
Rationalism in Conservative Politics
Ideas about the political conditions for human flourishing sometimes have unforeseen consequences. But the consequences of refusing to traffic in these ideas are foreseeably very bad indeed.
The biggest entertainment and fashion moments of 2025, as seen in AP photos
Bad Bunny performs during the iHeartRadio Music Awards at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, March 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Chris Pizzello, File) By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Updated 6:00 AM CST, December 4, 2025 For many, 2025 felt like a blur and that was true in the world of entertainment, which saw happy reunions, somber farewells and introductions to fresh voices and faces. Sabrina...
Nemo releases Street Fighter 6 tier list where C. Viper is not looking too hot at all
The third competitive season for Street Fighter 6 is already almost complete in terms of official tournaments with 46 out of 48 players qualified for Capcom Cup 12, and we've seen the game's meta shift a decent bit ...
Ravens vs. Packers: Derrick Henry rushes for 4 TDs, keeps Baltimore's playoff hopes alive — 'It's one of the greatest performances I've ever seen'
A new superconductor breaks rules physicists thought were fixed
A shiny gray crystal called platinum-bismuth-two hides an electronic world unlike anything scientists have seen before. Researchers discovered that only the crystal’s outer surfaces become superconducting—allowing electrons to flow with zero resistance—while the interior remains ordinary metal. Even stranger, the electrons on the surface pair up in a highly unusual pattern that breaks all known rules of superconductivity.
Nuggets' Nikola Jokic makes NBA history on Christmas
Jokic had a stat line we've never seen before.
Rec + Relax entertainment complex advances toward construction
After more than a year of planning, revision and delays largely unseen by the public, the Rec + Relax entertainment complex in Lufkin is moving closer to construction, with key
I've Seen 'Home Alone' Countless Times But I Just Spotted This Mind-Blowing Detail
See 'Home Alone' in a whole new light when you notice this surprising detail hidden throughout the movie. Find out what it is here.
This popular painkiller may do more harm than good
Tramadol, a popular opioid often seen as a “safer” painkiller, may not live up to its reputation. A large analysis of clinical trials found that while it does reduce chronic pain, the relief is modest—so small that many patients likely wouldn’t notice much real-world benefit. At the same time, tramadol was linked to a significantly higher risk of serious side effects, especially heart-related problems like chest pain and heart failure, along with common issues such as nausea, dizziness, and sleepiness.
The first iPhone Fold dummy shows a radical new design for a folding phone
Someone made a model of the rumored iPhone Fold based on leaked CAD files and it's like nothing we've seen before.
Jim Beam is pausing production at its iconic Kentucky bourbon distillery
Distilled spirits have seen a major decline in exports to big markets like Canada, and domestic consumption isn't making up for the shortfall.
Subaru Telescope reveals a hidden giant planet
Astronomers have uncovered a massive hidden planet and a rare “failed star” by combining ultra-precise space data with some of the sharpest ground-based images ever taken. Using the Subaru Telescope in Hawaiʻi, the OASIS survey tracked subtle stellar wobbles to pinpoint where unseen worlds were lurking—then captured them directly.
Sunday Science: Why do bridges freeze first?
Whether precipitating or not, it's always important to have a sense of road conditions whenever the temperature heads below freezing. You've likely seen the sig
Trump’s Assault On Health Care, Seen From a Country That Does Health Care Better
Japan is a showcase for universal health care, and what we’re losing in GOP attacks on the Affordable Care Act.
Deputies looking for missing man with 'mental health concerns' last seen in Wyoming, MI
Deputies are looking for a missing man with "mental health concerns" who has not had contact with family for multiple days.
Ancient oceans were ruled by super predators unlike anything today
Long before whales and sharks, enormous marine reptiles dominated the oceans with unmatched power. Scientists have reconstructed a 130-million-year-old marine ecosystem from Colombia and found predators operating at a food-chain level higher than any seen today. The ancient seas were bursting with life, from giant reptiles to rich invertebrate communities. This extreme complexity reveals how intense competition helped drive the evolution of modern marine ecosystems.
NASA Webb Telescope Discovers Lemon-Shaped Planet, the ‘Stretchiest’ Ever Seen
An unusual object orbiting a rapidly spinning star might be a new phenomenon in the universe.
Astronomers just watched a black hole twist spacetime
Astronomers have detected spacetime itself being dragged and twisted by a spinning black hole for the first time. The discovery, seen during a star’s violent destruction, confirms a prediction made over 100 years ago and reveals new clues about how black holes spin and launch jets.
Louisville Beats EKU 76-51
If all you saw was the final score you might think this game was a cake-walk but if you actually watched the game you probably want to forget the first half. However as Coach Walz said, “This was probably the first game all year that I’ve seen us look as bad as we did in […]
Apple Seen Moving From AI Laggard To Leader In 2026
Morgan Stanley sees Apple becoming an AI leader in 2026, starting with a new Siri digital assistant. Apple stock is in a tight pattern.
Video Game Physical Software and Hardware Sales Just Had the Worst November in the U.S. Since 1995
Last month, November, was a shockingly terrible month for video game sales in the U.S. While we traditionally think of November as a huge sales month what with Black Friday and all, November 2025 was the worst November in video game hardware unit sales, and the worst in physical software dollar sales the U.S. has seen since 1995.
iOS 26.3 Beta 1 Features: What's New So Far
Apple is testing iOS 26.3, the next version of iOS 26 that will launch around January. Since iOS 26.3's testing is happening over the holidays, it is a smaller update with fewer features than we've seen in prior betas. We've rounded up what's new so far, and we'll add to our list with subsequent betas if we come across any other features.
Jack Black has priceless reaction to Elle Fanning calling him the 'hottest man' she's ever seen
Here's what Jack Black has to say about Elle Fanning calling him "sex on legs" and "the hottest man."
Dark matter ‘nuggets’ could explain the Milky Way’s mysterious glow
A mysterious excess of far-ultraviolet light seen across the Milky Way could come from the annihilation of clumpy dark matter.
MSI MEG X870E Godlike X Edition Review
MSI aims for the AMD motherboard crown with one of the most over the top halo tier models we've seen yet. You get a crazy specification with cutting edge features and an equally mad price. But has MSI done enough to beat the competition?
Which team has sports’ ultimate front office? Take this 30-second poll
You've seen how the most powerful and influential executives have ranked their leagues' front offices. Now it's your turn.
Viking-Age Grave Reveals a Burial Unlike Anything Seen Before
Why was she buried this way?
Mines Researchers Play Key Role in World-Leading Dark Matter Results from LZ Experiment at SURF
Nearly a mile beneath the surface of Western South Dakota, one of the world’s most sensitive physics experiments is quietly listening for signals from the unseen universe with researchers from South Dakota mines and technology is helping guide every pulse it records, including the newest record-breaking results.
A shakeup not seen in a decade is taking over NFL standings
The rise of once-lowly teams, and the regression of established powers, has combined to turn the playoff picture upside down
Strange, 7-hour explosion from deep space is unlike anything scientists have seen — Space photo of the week
Astronomers used major telescopes across the world to probe a cosmic explosion 8 billion light-years from the solar system.
Repairs needed after business hit-and-run
SCRANTON, LACKAWANNA COUNTY (WBRE/WYOU) — A family-owned business in Scranton is reeling after a hit-and-run crash that badly damaged their property. The owners are now looking for answers, hoping someone will come forward. The family told 28/22 News while there have been instances when someone sideswiped their fence, they’ve never seen anything quite like this […]
Dispatch Has A Endgame State So Rare That Not A Single Player Has Seen It Yet
There's a fourth "your Robert" outcome that's gone completely unnoticed.
Dell increasing prices on surging demand for memory units, Business Insider says
Starting December 17, Dell Technologies (DELL) is set to hike prices across its commercial product lines, according to an internal list of upcoming price changes sent to staff on December 9 and seen by Business Insider. The list outlines price hikes for Dell’s commercial business – meaning its sales to corporate clients rather than individual consumers, Business Insider’s Polly Thompson. The commercial business accounts for about 85% of Dell’s annual revenue in the Client Solutions Group, the di
Tunisia sentences opposition leader Abir Moussi to 12 years in jail
Dozens of opposition figures being targeted in nation once seen as beacon for democracy after sparking the Arab Spring.
New Epstein photos released showing Bill Gates, Richard Branson, Donald Trump, and more
Democrats on the House Oversight Committee on Friday released never-before-seen images from the estate of late convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein
Taylor Swift's Eras Tour Ensemble? Forme Science
Taylor Swift was seen in her latest Eras Tour documentary wearing Forme Science's Power Bra. We're debreifing on the bra and where you can buy it now.
Whether Netflix or Paramount buys Warner Bros., entertainment oligopolies are back – bigger and more anticompetitive than ever
Hollywood has seen this movie before.
Kelly Osbourne has a NSFW response to those commenting on her dramatic weight loss
Kelly Osbourne has seen the many comments about how thin she looks these days and she’s not happy about it.
Red Dead Redemption 2 Character Referenced In New GTA Online Update
Rockstar Games have seemingly referenced Red Dead Redemption 2 once again inside of GTA Online. We've seen Rockstar previously include screenshots from Red Dead Redemption 2 inside the game, the cash notes in GTA 6 contain the presidents of the game and much more.
Why do players love pickleball so much?
One club has seen participation grow by 2,000% in just over a year.
Ukrainian 'Droid' lay in wait on a road at night and ambushed Russians with an M2 Browning
The ground drone is seen blasting a Russian MT-LB with .50 caliber rounds, in a rare extended look at how fighting robots are being used in the war.
The New WHO Pandemic Treaty and Global Health Governance: Incorporating Common but Differentiated Responsibilities into PABS - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
On May 20, 2025, the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, an international treaty designed to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. The product of three years of arduous negotiations, the treaty marks a new era of global cooperation in public health. However, core aspects of the agreement remain unresolved—notably the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which is intended to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related materials and benefits. To support the successful implementation of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Introduction For the first time, an international treaty has enshrined the principle of “One Health,” the compelling idea that the health of animals, humans, and the environment all contribute to pandemic risks. SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009–10), Ebola (2014–16), and COVID-19 all emerged through zoonotic spillover from animal hosts—respectively, civets, hogs, and bats. Together, they underscore the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral approach. The Pandemic Agreement responds to this call, requiring state parties to acknowledge the ecological interplay and commit to a comprehensive “One Health” strategy. Specifically, Article 5 charges governments to address “the drivers of pandemics and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease at the human-animal-environment interface,” including wild animal markets, deforestation, and antibiotic overuse. Yet the effectiveness of this “One Health” vision depends equally on the free flow of scientific information and data among countries and institutions. Just as environmental and animal health factors have been neglected in past global frameworks, so too has data sharing been marginalized, despite its centrality to timely detection and response. The Pandemic Agreement takes an important step by requiring governments to enhance data collection and cooperate with the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these provisions will remain aspirational without a robust Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex. The PABS system will determine whether countries and researchers can rapidly exchange pathogen samples and genetic data while ensuring equitable access to resulting research and development, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Without such mechanisms, the treaty’s promise to operationalize “One Health” and strengthen global preparedness will risk becoming largely symbolic, echoing earlier failures to translate shared principles into coordinated action. Equity Concerns When the 2025 Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Agreement, it left the difficult question of access to pathogens and the sharing of resulting benefits to be addressed in a separate agreement. Negotiations on this separate agreement, PABS, are now underway in Geneva. Yet governments remain divided over fundamental questions of equity between the countries that primarily contribute to the system and those that primarily draw from it—and consequently benefit. For example, wildlife in countries bordering the equator is likely to produce PABS materials, but companies in Europe are likely to use them to develop lucrative products. The most likely contributor countries are likely to be those biodiverse countries around the equator, such as Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia, where the number of human-mammalian viral host interactions is large. Conversely, countries most likely to benefit from this material are those with the technology, investors, and infrastructure to capitalize on genomic data, such as the United States, EU member states, and Japan. This imbalance reflects a broader pattern seen in prior international frameworks. Now, as in the past, the wealthiest countries in the world (a useful heuristic is membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) disproportionately benefit from systems in which pathogens and genomic sequencing data are contributed to a common source. Under the International Agreement on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the “Plant Treaty” or “Seed Treaty”) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework, companies from Europe and North America disproportionately withdraw biological samples and data for development into lucrative medical products. Their governments and companies have both statutory and contractual claims to the products that those companies correspondingly produce. PABS appears poised to follow the same pattern. The text calls for strong language on access to pathogens and associated data, but the corresponding benefits that should flow to poorer countries are couched in equivocal or non-binding language. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities To address these inequities, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Common but differentiated responsibilities are often a feature of climate change negotiations. The basic principle is that, even though all countries should reduce carbon emissions, governments that became rich and powerful through massive carbon emissions (e.g., France, the United Kingdom, the United States) should have a greater obligation to address the resulting crises. Applied to PABS, it would require that governments hosting and supporting companies developing lucrative products carry greater obligations toward the cost of running the PABS system; share benefits or final medical products; and transfer technology to help countries worldwide develop their own capacities to innovate and manufacture vaccines during an emergency. For example, an annex could mandate that any company based in an OECD country that withdraws PABS material would be obligated to donate the resulting diagnostics, therapeutics, or vaccines to the WHO during a public health emergency or pandemic. Questions remain about how robust those donations would be, but the principle is that they should deliver highly significant lifesaving benefits to be equitably shared. Theoretically, this approach mirrors the PIP Framework, in which companies withdrawing influenza samples are required to pay half of the operating costs. In practice, however, the framework has fallen short. The PIP Framework Secretariat has struggled to secure payments from companies, with companies often disagreeing over how much is owed. Additionally, without another pandemic influenza to test the strength of the agreement during a public health emergency, corporate compliance with sharing mechanisms remains unknown. Even if these limitations did not characterize the PIP Framework, partially paying for operating expenses does not address the inequity in access to genetic data and pathogen samples that left less developed countries last in line for COVID-19 vaccines (and, before them, H1N1). Common but differentiated responsibilities would go further, addressing governments’ legitimate grievances regarding information sharing. It would make withdrawals of PABS material and resulting products more transparent, building trust across the board. Enforcement and Enduring Success A key implication of this approach is that the governing mechanism of the PABS must have real enforcement authority. The WHO Pandemic Agreement delegates its core governance responsibilities to a Conference of the Parties (COP)—a governing body composed of one representative from each participating government, similar to those established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposed WHO Pandemic Agreement COP is charged with oversight functions but ultimately possesses no real authority to compel a government to take any action it does not wish to take. The text does not give the COP the ability to, for example, sanction a party that does not comply with either textual obligations or PABS provisions. In other words, there are no effective mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. Perhaps just as significant, establishing a meaningful enforcement mechanism within the PABS system would strengthen the WHO’s credibility and its ability to ensure compliance across global health governance. By setting a precedent for accountability, such a mechanism could enhance the organization’s authority not only within the Pandemic Agreement but also in enforcing the revised International Health Regulations and other frameworks for public health emergencies. Conclusion The PABS annex can—and should—be different. It should establish clear responsibilities for funding as well as for sharing the diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines that result from contributions to the system. The system, in turn, must include a dedicated body empowered to hold governments and the corporations they sponsor accountable for their responsibilities before, during, and after pandemics. Doing so would restore trust in the broader agreement, which was eroded as commitments were repeatedly diluted while parties scrambled to meet their own self-imposed deadlines during the Pandemic Agreement negotiations. A robust PABS Annex would cement a grand social bargain. Wealthier countries and their corporations would gain unimpeded access to scientific information essential for developing and manufacturing lifesaving medical products. As such, they would stand to gain considerable economic benefit. Yet that privilege must be matched with responsibility. The grand bargain must include not only the right to innovate, but also the duty to ensure that innovation serves all. As medical products are developed and produced through collective contributions, every person must have equal access. All human beings deserve an equitable chance to survive—to save their own life, the lives of their families, and the well-being of their communities. … Sam Halabi, JD, MPhil, is the Bette Jacobs Endowed Professor at Georgetown University’s School of Health and the Director of the Center for Transformational Health Law at Georgetown Law. He serves as the co-lead for the WHO’s Working Group on Regulatory Consideration on AI and Health’s training workstream. He earned his JD from Harvard, his MPhil from Oxford, and undergraduate degrees from Kansas State University. Lawrence Gostin, LLD (Hon.), JD, BA, is University Distinguished Professor and Founding Director and Timothy and Linda O’Neill Professor of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. He is the author of Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future (Harvard University Press, 2021); Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014); Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2016); Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2018); Law and the Health System (Foundation Press, 2014); Principles of Mental Health Law & Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010). He also directs the WHO Collaborating Center at Georgetown University. Image Credit: United States Mission Geneva, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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